必修第一册 UNIT 4
阅读 (2024·浙江高考1月) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:灾害防范 难度:★★★☆☆
On September 7,1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
1.What does the project aim to do
A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
2.Who are opposed to the project
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
3.Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
完形填空 (2025·湛江联考) 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:优秀品行 难度:★★★☆☆
Among the chaos of Hurricane Francine, a dramatic rescue unfolded on live television. On the evening of Wednesday, September 11, Miles Crawford, an off-duty emergency nurse in Lakeview, Louisiana, 1 when he learned someone was 2 in a sinking pickup truck in floodwaters just 200 feet from his home.
At around 8:45 pm, Crawford received an 3 text from his brother, saying that a news crew accidentally caught a(n) 4 scene. A vehicle dived into a nearby canal with the driver stuck in it.
Without hesitation, Crawford ran to the 5 . As Crawford approached the sinking truck, a police officer told him about the 6 conditions. Despite the warning, Crawford quickly took 7 into his own hands. At the sudden realization of the 8 of a tool to break the window, he dashed back to his house to grab a hammer. When he 9 the chest-high floodwaters and reached the vehicle, the water had 10 the driver’s chin, and time was running out. Crawford 11 the man to move to the back of the truck, where the water was 12 shallower, and broke the back window with his hammer.
He pulled the man out, guided him through the floodwaters, and helped him climb over to 13 . Just 10 minutes later, the truck 14 fully into the water.
Crawford said his background as an emergency nurse helped him stay 15 throughout the rescue. “I’m used to high stress and high level of things on a daily basis,” he said.
1.A. took control of B. sprang into action C. drew a conclusion D. rose to his feet
2.A. recognized B. filled C. caught D. abandoned
3.A. unacceptable B. unbelievable C. unavoidable D. unexpected
4.A. heartbreaking B. fun-filled C. painstaking D. eye-catching
5.A. emergency B. power C. scene D. theatre
6.A. unique B. stable C. secure D. dangerous
7.A. claims B. matters C. choices D. contributions
8.A. delivery B. control C. need D. loss
9.A. worked out B. checked out C. looked into D. dived into
10.A. attacked B. washed C. reached D. damaged
11.A. appointed B. instructed C. threatened D. promised
12.A. slightly B. typically C. dramatically D. previously
13.A. comfort B. distance C. square D. safety
14.A. bumped B. sank C. collapsed D. exploded
15.A. calm B. fair C. smart D. different
语法填空 (外刊原味6) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:灾害防范 难度:★★☆☆☆ | BBC
How do storms get their names There’s quite a logical 1.__________ (explain) for naming a storm. It’s simply to make people more aware when severe weather is 2.__________ the way, with the idea being you’ll hear the name and you’ll know serious wind, rain or snow is coming. That way, people are better placed to keep 3.__________ (they) and their property safe.
It’s still a 4.__________ (relative) new thing. The Met Office started doing it in 2015 along with forecasters in Ireland and then later the Netherlands joined in. A name is given when a storm is expected 5.__________ (cause) medium or high impacts, or in weather speak, 6.__________ (have) the potential to cause an amber or red warning.
The Met Office asks the public to suggest possible names and a new list 7.__________ (publish) every year. The A-Z of names, 8.__________ runs from early September to late August, flips between male and female. More than 10,000 submissions was made by the UK public last year, with the chosen names 9.__________ (reflect) some of the more popular choices, as well as some of the heart-warming reasons behind the nominations (提名).
When a storm arrives, forecasters will pick the next name from 10.__________ list, alphabetically.
阅读
本文介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划,以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。
1.B 细节理解题。题干中的“the project”指的就是第一段中所提到的“Alberta Hail Suppression Project”,因此根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones”可知,飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质,使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知,这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成,故选B项。A项“保存土壤水分”;C项“预报灾难性雹暴”;D项“调查农业中化学品的使用”。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But farmers in east-central Alberta ... worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding”可知, Alberta中东部的农民担心人工增雨会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知,这些农民是反对这个计划的,故选A项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell”可知, Doswell博士对人工增雨的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年亲眼目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的重大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind ”,怀疑人工增雨会产生致命的风暴或是减少下风处的水分。由此可推断出,Doswell博士提到他看到的1999年的龙卷风是为了表明人工增雨存在可能的风险,故选C项。A项“为了比较不同的播撒方式”;B项“为了说明大雹暴的形成”;C项“为了表明人工增雨可能存在的风险”;D项“为了说明风暴和水分之间的关系”。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety”可知,私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去,也就是这些公司会继续存在下去,故选D项。A项“科学研究证明了Stienwand是对的”;B项“私营的气候工程公司在加拿大是非法的”;C项“关于人工增雨的疑虑已经消失了”;D项“人工增雨公司会继续存在下去”。
积累
重点词 ①seed/si d/v.在……播种 ②costly/ k stli/adj.造成损失的 ③proceed/pr si d/vi.继续做
派生词 ①disastrous (disaster+-ous) adj.灾难性的 ②doubter(doubt+-er) n.持怀疑态度的人
合成词 downwind (down+wind) adv.顺风的;在下风处的
熟词 生义 ①address v.演说;演讲 ②threatening adj.阴沉沉的;乌云密布的
语块 ①in practice实际上 ②be opposed to反对
完形填空
本文讲述一个护士下班后在湍急的河水中勇救被困车内的司机的事迹。
1.B 由下文的“Without hesitation, Crawford ran to the 5 .”可知, 他立刻行动。故选B。spring into action“立刻行动”; take control of “控制;接管”; draw a conclusion “得出结论”; rise to one’s feet “艰难地站起来”。
2.C 由下文提到的“A vehicle dived into a nearby canal with the driver stuck in it.”可知, 有个人被洪水连人带车冲到附近的河里,这个人被困在车中,用be caught表“被困”。recognize “辨别出;承认;认可”; fill “充满”; catch “突然遭受”; abandon “抛弃;离弃”。
3.D 克劳福德意外地收到弟弟的短信。unacceptable “不能接受的”; unbelievable “难以置信的;惊人的”; unavoidable “无法避免的;难以预防的”; unexpected “出乎意料的;始料不及的”。
4.A 由下文的“A vehicle dived into a nearby canal with the driver stuck in it.”可知, 司机被冲进河里需要救援,这是令人伤心的一幕,故选A。heartbreaking “令人心碎的;让人心疼的”; fun-filled “充满乐趣的”; painstaking “辛苦的;需专注的”; eye-catching “惹人注意的;引人注目的”。
5.C 上文介绍紧急情况现场,又由下文的 “approached the sinking truck”可知,克劳福德跑到了现场。emergency “突发事件;紧急情况”; power “电力供应;能量;力量;控制力”; scene “(尤指不愉快事件发生的)地点,现场”; theatre “戏院;剧场”。
6.D 从上文的Hurricane Francine和floodwaters可知,有飓风,而且车子掉进洪水中,故下水救人有危险,故选D。unique “独特的”; stable “稳定的”; secure “安心的;安全的;可靠的”; dangerous “危险的”。
7.B 下文叙述克劳福德下水砸车窗救人的过程,故此处指他要亲自去救人, take matters into one’s own hands “亲自处理事情”。claim “声明;宣称;断言”; matter “事情”; choice “选择”; contribution “贡献”。
8.C 由下文提到的 “broke the back window with his hammer”可知, 他突然意识到,要想下水救人必须有一把锤子打破车窗。delivery “传送;递送;交付”; control “控制”; need “需要;必须”; loss “丧失;损失;丢失”。
9.D 由下文的“reached the vehicle”和“pulled the man out”可知, 他跳进河里去救人。work out “锻炼;计算出;解决”; check out “结账离开(旅馆等)”; look into “调查”; dive into “跳入;投入”。
10.C 由前文提到的 “the chest-high floodwaters”可知, 河水到了司机的下巴部位。reach “抵达,到达”; attack “攻击;袭击”; wash “洗;洗涤”; damage “损害;伤害;毁坏;破坏”。
11.B 克劳福德为了解救被困车中的人,指导对方坐到车后座。appoint “任命;委任”; instruct “指示;命令;吩咐”; threaten “威胁;恐吓”; promise “许诺;承诺”。
12.A 由前文的 “move to the back of the truck”可知, 卡车后座的水位比前面稍微低一点。slightly “略微;稍微”; typically “通常;典型地;具有代表性地”; dramatically “急剧地,戏剧性地”; previously “先前”。
13.D 克劳福德把司机拉出卡车,领着他蹚过水,帮他爬到安全的地方,故选D。comfort “舒服;舒适;安慰”; distance “距离;间距;远方”; square “广场”; safety “安全;安全处所”。
14.B 10分钟后,卡车完全沉入水中。bump “碰,撞”; sink “下沉;下陷;沉没”; collapse “倒塌,坍塌”; explode “爆炸;爆破;爆裂”。
15.A 由该空前后内容可知Crawford是急诊护士,习惯了每天的高压力和高水平的工作,由此可知他在整个营救过程中能保持冷静。calm “镇静的;沉着的”; fair “公平的”; smart “聪明的;机敏的”; different “不同的”。
语法填空
风暴为何拥有人类的名字
1.explanation 考查词形转换。空前是冠词+形容词,故空处填名词, explain的名词是explanation。
2.on 考查介词短语。根据语境可知,此处是介词短语on the way “即将到来”。
3.themselves 考查代词。空处作宾语,且与主语people一致,应用反身代词,填themselves。
4.relatively 考查词形转换。空处修饰形容词new,应用副词作状语,故填副词relatively。
5.to cause 考查非谓语动词。根据be expected to do sth. “预计做某事”可知,此处用不定式,填to cause。
6.has 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在when引导的时间状语从句中作谓语,且与从句中已有的谓语is expected时态一致,应用一般现在时,从句主语是a storm,故谓语用第三人称单数,故填has。
长难句分析: impacts,
7.is published 考查动词时态和语态。句中时间状语是every year,故谓语用一般现在时,主语a new list 与publish是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态,填is published。
8.which 考查定语从句。该句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是The A-Z of names,指物,从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
9.reflecting 考查非谓语动词。此处是with 复合结构, the chosen names 与reflect是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作宾补,填reflecting。
10.the 考查冠词。此处特指上文提到过的list,故用定冠词the。
积累
重点词 property n.所有物;财产;财物;不动产;房地产
派生词 (forecast+-er=) forecaster n.预测者;(尤指)天气预报员,气象预报员
熟词 生义 run熟义: v.①跑;奔跑 ②参加赛跑 ③管理;经营 ④流淌;流动 生义:v. ①持续;延续 ②提供,开设(服务、课程等) ③(使)运转,运行;操作
语块 天气相关:①weather speak气象术语 ②severe weather恶劣的天气 ③cause an amber or red warning发出黄色/红色预警 其他:①a logical explanation for sth.对某事的合理的解释 ②on the way即将去(或来);就要去(或来);在路上;在行进中 ③be well placed to do sth.适合做某事,处于有利地位 ④flip between切换;变化(共35张PPT)
限时练
必修第一册 UNIT 4
阅读 (2024·浙江高考1月) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：灾害防范 难度：★★★☆☆
On September 7，1991， the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result， since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand， who farms in that area， has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically， the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr. Stienwand says， “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss， a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo， North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air， so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact， we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell， a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999， I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr. Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows， of course， but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt， Mr. Stienwand suggests， “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice， doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts， no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence， private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
本文介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划，以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。
1.What does the project aim to do
Conserve moisture in the soil.
B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
细节理解题。题干中的“the project”指的就是第一段中所提到的“Alberta Hail Suppression Project”，因此根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones”可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知，这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成，故选B项。A项“保存土壤水分”；C项“预报灾难性雹暴”；D项“调查农业中化学品的使用”。
答案与解析
2.Who are opposed to the project
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials.
D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But farmers in east-central Alberta ... worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding”可知， Alberta中东部的农民担心人工增雨会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知，这些农民是反对这个计划的，故选A项。
答案与解析
3.Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell”可知， Doswell博士对人工增雨的安全性
答案与解析
持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年亲眼目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的重大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind ”，怀疑人工增雨会产生致命的风暴或是减少下风处的水分。由此可推断出，Doswell博士提到他看到的1999年的龙卷风是为了表明人工增雨存在可能的风险,故选C项。A项“为了比较不同的播撒方式”;B项“为了说明大雹暴的形成”；C项“为了表明人工增雨可能存在的风险”；D项“为了说明风暴和水分之间的关系”。
答案与解析
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence， private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety”可知，私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去，也就是这些公司会继续存在下去，故选D项。A项“科学研究证明了Stienwand是对的”；B项“私营的气候工程公司在加拿大是非法的”；C项“关于人工增雨的疑虑已经消失了”；D项“人工增雨公司会继续存在下去”。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 ①seed/si d/v.在……播种 ②costly/ k stli/adj.造成损失的
③proceed/pr si d/vi.继续做
派生词 ①disastrous (disaster+-ous) adj.灾难性的 ②doubter(doubt+
-er) n.持怀疑态度的人
合成词 downwind (down+wind) adv.顺风的；在下风处的
熟词生义 ①address v.演说；演讲 ②threatening adj.阴沉沉的；乌云密布的
语块 ①in practice实际上 ②be opposed to反对
完形填空 (2025·湛江联考) 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：优秀品行 难度：★★★☆☆
Among the chaos of Hurricane Francine， a dramatic rescue unfolded on live television. On the evening of Wednesday， September 11， Miles Crawford， an off-duty emergency nurse in Lakeview， Louisiana， 1 when he learned someone was 2 in a sinking pickup truck in floodwaters just 200 feet from his home.
At around 8：45 pm， Crawford received an 3 text from his brother， saying that a news crew accidentally caught a(n) 4 scene. A vehicle dived into a nearby canal with the driver stuck in it.
Without hesitation， Crawford ran to the 5 . As Crawford approached the sinking truck， a police officer told him about the
6 conditions. Despite the warning， Crawford quickly took
7 into his own hands. At the sudden realization of the 8 of a tool to break the window， he dashed back to his house to grab a hammer. When he 9 the chest-high floodwaters and reached the vehicle， the water had 10 the driver’s chin， and time was running out. Crawford
11 the man to move to the back of the truck， where the water was
12 shallower， and broke the back window with his hammer.
He pulled the man out， guided him through the floodwaters， and helped him climb over to 13 . Just 10 minutes later， the truck
14 fully into the water.
Crawford said his background as an emergency nurse helped him stay 15 throughout the rescue. “I’m used to high stress and high level of things on a daily basis，” he said.
1.A. took control of B. sprang into action
C. drew a conclusion D. rose to his feet
2.A. recognized B. filled C. caught D. abandoned
3.A. unacceptable B. unbelievable C. unavoidable D. unexpected
4.A. heartbreaking B. fun-filled C. painstaking D. eye-catching
5.A. emergency B. power C. scene D. theatre
6.A. unique B. stable C. secure D. dangerous
7.A. claims B. matters C. choices D. contributions
8.A. delivery B. control C. need D. loss
9.A. worked out B. checked out C. looked into D. dived into
10.A. attacked B. washed C. reached D. damaged
11.A. appointed B. instructed C. threatened D. promised
12.A. slightly B. typically C. dramatically D. previously
13.A. comfort B. distance C. square D. safety
14.A. bumped B. sank C. collapsed D. exploded
15.A. calm B. fair C. smart D. different
本文讲述一个护士下班后在湍急的河水中勇救被困车内的司机的事迹。
1.B 由下文的“Without hesitation， Crawford ran to the 5 .”可知， 他立刻行动。故选B。spring into action“立刻行动”； take control of “控制；接管”； draw a conclusion “得出结论”； rise to one’s feet “艰难地站起来”。
2.C 由下文提到的“A vehicle dived into a nearby canal with the driver stuck in it.”可知,有个人被洪水连人带车冲到附近的河里，这个人被困在车中,用be caught表“被困”。recognize “辨别出；承认；认可”； fill “充满”； catch “突然遭受”； abandon “抛弃；离弃”。
答案与解析
3.D 克劳福德意外地收到弟弟的短信。unacceptable “不能接受
的”； unbelievable “难以置信的；惊人的”； unavoidable “无法避免的；难以预防的”； unexpected “出乎意料的；始料不及的”。
4.A 由下文的“A vehicle dived into a nearby canal with the driver stuck in it.”可知， 司机被冲进河里需要救援，这是令人伤心的一幕，故选A。heartbreaking “令人心碎的；让人心疼的”； fun-filled “充满乐趣的”； painstaking “辛苦的；需专注的”； eye-catching
“惹人注意的；引人注目的”。
答案与解析
5.C 上文介绍紧急情况现场，又由下文的 “approached the sinking truck”可知，克劳福德跑到了现场。emergency “突发事件；紧急情况”； power “电力供应；能量；力量；控制力”； scene “(尤指不愉快事件发生的)地点，现场”； theatre “戏院；剧场”。
6.D 从上文的Hurricane Francine和floodwaters可知，有飓风，而且车子掉进洪水中,故下水救人有危险，故选D。unique “独特的”; stable “稳定的”； secure “安心的；安全的；可靠的”； dangerous
“危险的”。
答案与解析
7.B 下文叙述克劳福德下水砸车窗救人的过程，故此处指他要亲自去救人， take matters into one’s own hands “亲自处理事情”。claim “声明；宣称；断言”； matter “事情”； choice “选择”； contribution “贡献”。
8.C 由下文提到的 “broke the back window with his hammer”可知, 他突然意识到，要想下水救人必须有一把锤子打破车窗。delivery “传送；递送；交付”； control “控制”； need “需要；必须”； loss “丧失；损失；丢失”。
答案与解析
9.D 由下文的“reached the vehicle”和“pulled the man out”可知， 他跳进河里去救人。work out “锻炼；计算出；解决”； check out
“结账离开(旅馆等)”； look into “调查”； dive into “跳入；投入”。
10.C 由前文提到的 “the chest-high floodwaters”可知， 河水到了司机的下巴部位。reach “抵达，到达”； attack “攻击；袭击”； wash “洗；洗涤”； damage “损害；伤害；毁坏；破坏”。
11.B 克劳福德为了解救被困车中的人，指导对方坐到车后座。appoint “任命；委任”； instruct “指示；命令；吩咐”； threaten
“威胁；恐吓”； promise “许诺；承诺”。
答案与解析
12.A 由前文的 “move to the back of the truck”可知， 卡车后座的水位比前面稍微低一点。slightly “略微；稍微”； typically “通常；典型地；具有代表性地”； dramatically “急剧地，戏剧性地”； previously “先前”。
13.D 克劳福德把司机拉出卡车，领着他蹚过水，帮他爬到安全的地方，故选D。comfort “舒服；舒适；安慰”； distance “距离；间距；远方”； square “广场”； safety “安全；安全处所”。
答案与解析
14.B 10分钟后，卡车完全沉入水中。bump “碰，撞”； sink “下沉；下陷；沉没”； collapse “倒塌,坍塌”； explode “爆炸；爆破；爆裂”。
15.A 由该空前后内容可知Crawford是急诊护士，习惯了每天的高压力和高水平的工作，由此可知他在整个营救过程中能保持冷静。calm “镇静的；沉着的”； fair “公平的”； smart “聪明的；机敏的”； different “不同的”。
答案与解析
语法填空 (外刊原味6) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：灾害防范 难度：★★☆☆☆ | BBC
How do storms get their names There’s quite a logical 1.____________ (explain) for naming a storm. It’s simply to make people more aware when severe weather is 2.__________ the way， with the idea being you’ll hear the name and you’ll know serious wind， rain or snow is coming. That way， people are better placed to keep 3._____________ (they) and their property safe.
explanation
on
themselves
It’s still a 4.__________ (relative) new thing. The Met Office started doing it in 2015 along with forecasters in Ireland and then later the Netherlands joined in. A name is given when a storm is expected 5.__________ (cause) medium or high impacts， or in weather speak， 6.__________ (have) the potential to cause an amber or red warning.
The Met Office asks the public to suggest possible names and a new list 7.______________ (publish) every year. The A-Z of names， 8.__________ runs from early September to late August， flips between male and female. More than 10，000 submissions was made by the UK
relatively
to cause
has
is published
which
public last year， with the chosen names 9.__________ (reflect) some of the more popular choices， as well as some of the heart-warming reasons behind the nominations (提名).
When a storm arrives， forecasters will pick the next name from 10.__________ list， alphabetically.
reflecting
the
风暴为何拥有人类的名字
1.explanation 考查词形转换。空前是冠词+形容词，故空处填名词， explain的名词是explanation。
2.on 考查介词短语。根据语境可知，此处是介词短语on the way “即将到来”。
3.themselves 考查代词。空处作宾语，且与主语people一致，应用反身代词，填themselves。
4.relatively 考查词形转换。空处修饰形容词new，应用副词作状语，故填副词relatively。
答案与解析
5.to cause 考查非谓语动词。根据be expected to do sth. “预计做某事”可知，此处用不定式，填to cause。
6.has 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在when引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，且与从句中已有的谓语is expected时态一致，应用一般现在时，从句主语是a storm，故谓语用第三人称单数，故填has。
长难句分析：
答案与解析
impacts，
7.is published 考查动词时态和语态。句中时间状语是every year,故谓语用一般现在时，主语a new list 与publish是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，填is published。
答案与解析
8.which 考查定语从句。该句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是The A-Z of names，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
9.reflecting 考查非谓语动词。此处是with 复合结构， the chosen names 与reflect是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾补，填reflecting。
10.the 考查冠词。此处特指上文提到过的list，故用定冠词the。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 property n.所有物；财产；财物；不动产；房地产
派生词 (forecast+-er=) forecaster n.预测者；(尤指)天气预报员，气象预报员
熟词 生义 run熟义： v.①跑；奔跑 ②参加赛跑 ③管理；经营
④流淌；流动 生义：v. ①持续；延续 ②提供，开设(服务、课程等) ③(使)运转，运行；操作
积累
语块 天气相关：①weather speak气象术语 ②severe weather恶劣的天气 ③cause an amber or red warning发出黄色/红色预警
其他：①a logical explanation for sth.对某事的合理的解释 ②on the way即将去(或来)；就要去(或来)；在路上；在行进中 ③be well placed to do sth.适合做某事，处于有利地位 ④flip between切换；变化
