2025高考英语新课标一卷AB篇阅读理解试题解析+答案

2025高考英语新课标一卷AB篇阅读理解解析
A
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2, emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also light weight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
This energy transition(变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%.
22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily
A. Planes. B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships.
23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables.
C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable.
【主题语境】
人与自然——环境保护——交通领域绿色能源转型
【文章大意】
本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨交通运输领域的碳排放问题，通过数据对比和利弊分析指出未来能源改革的方向，强调加快绿色能源的发展。
【答案解析】
21题选C。本题是细节理解题中的计算题。
题干：2018年Road vehicles（道路车辆）这种交通方式在全球交通运输邻域碳排放的占比是多少？根据第一个图表数据，道路车辆包含客运（45.1%）和货运（29.4%），总和为 74.5%（45.1% + 29.4%）。故选择C。
22题选C。本题考查细节理解和方案对比、推断。
题干：哪一种交通方式能够相对容易变得环保？细节定位到“FUTURE FUELS”思维导图，原文明确提到火车“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways”（一些火车已经电气化，而其他火车可通过十分简单的方式电气化），而飞机“The hardest sector to decarbonize”（最难脱碳）、卡车“but making green hydrogen is expensive”（制氢成本高）、船舶“but it is hard to ignite(点燃) and requires an engine redesign.”（液态氨不易点燃且需引擎改造）均面临更大技术障碍或明显不足，排除。
23题选B。本题查细节定位与观点态度揣测。
题干：关于能源改革，Wipke的建议是什么？本题是A篇最后一题，细节定位在最后一段，尤其是最后一句，Wipke 指出“We need to speed up the development of green energy”（我们需要加快绿色能源发展），直接对应选项 B。其他选项未提及。
【长难句分析】
1. As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
分析：As引导时间状语从句，主句 “it faces particular problems with transportation”中it指代前文“the world”，——破折号起到解释说明前文“particular problems”的作用，which引导非限制定语从句，指代交通运输领域排放的温室气体。根据以上句子结构分析，本句大意为：随着全球加速实现脱碳目标，交通运输领域面临特殊挑战——这一领域排放的温室气体约占能源相关温室气体排放的四分之一。
2.This energy transition(变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing”, says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
分析：本句是带有引文的并列复合句。句子的主干是由“and”连接的并列句。在第二个分句中的主语“the amount of renewable energy”带有后置定语，即省略了引导词which/that的定语从句“the world will need”，而且，该分句的表语直接引用Keith Wipke 的话“a little bit mind-blowing”。综上所述，该长难句大致译为：这场能源变革是全球性的，美国国家可再生能源实验室机械工程师基思·维普克表示，全球所需可再生能源的数量“有点惊人”。
【词块积累】
1. is responsible for：本意“对......负责”；此处译为“导致”
2. accounts for：占据...... (比例)
3. the breakdown of the missions：breakdown意为“n.（关系）破裂, （计划等）失败, 神经衰弱, 故障, 分类, 分解” ，根据上下文，“breakdown”在此处指对2018年不同交通方式排放量的详细分类说明，译为“排放量分类”
4. get us going green：让我们走向绿色/环保
5. plug into: 插入；接通
6. New solid-state batteries：新型固态电池
【语篇译文】
飞机、火车和汽车的绿化
全球范围内，货物和人员的运输是导致大量CO 排放的主要原因。随着全球加速实现脱碳目标，交通运输领域面临特殊挑战——这一领域排放的温室气体约占能源相关温室气体排放的四分之一。以下是2018年不同交通方式的排放情况。
交通运输所需的燃料不仅要环保、经济实惠和动力强劲，而且还需要足够轻便和安全，以便携带。每种运输方式都有其特定的燃料需求。虽然还有很多问题有待解决，但这里有一些让我们走向绿色的解决方案。
这场能源变革是全球性的，美国国家可再生能源实验室机械工程师基思·维普克表示，全球所需可再生能源的数量"有点惊人"。据估算，到2050年全球电力需求可能会增长一倍以上。所幸分析表明可再生能源足以应对这一挑战。"我们需要加快绿色能源开发，所有产能都将被充分利用，"维普克说道。
B
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
24. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents.
C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters.
25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A. They were not given enough time.
B. They had a very limited vocabulary.
C. They misunderstood the question.
D. They had little interest in the topic.
26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing.
27. What does the author’s experience show
A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect.
【主题语境】
人与社会——教育——写作教学与感悟
【文章大意】
本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了一位九年级写作老师的教学反思。作者发现，学生们在写虚构故事时能创造出深刻的人物，但在完成关于“写作为何重要”的议论文时却表现不佳。作者意识到问题在于题目本身无法激发学生的兴趣。于是，她调整教学策略，布置了学生更感兴趣或更自由的写作任务（如健康话题的劝诫文、个人叙事、创意写作），结果学生们的作品篇幅、深度和情感都令人惊叹。这次经历让作者认识到，写作不仅是沟通的工具，更重要的是它能够连接人心、促进共情、帮助我们理解人性。
【答案解析】
24题选D 本题是推理判断题。
题干：第一段一开始提到的那些人是谁？根据第一段中的“I met a cowboy..., a strict father..., and a modern-day Juliet...”以及“...my students, who'd created these people...”可知，这些人物是作者的学生在写作课上创造出来的角色，并非真实存在的人物。因此，他们是虚构的角色（Fictional characters）。故选 D。
25题选D 本题是细节理解题。
题干：为什么学生们在写第一篇作文时表现糟糕？根据第二段中的“Then I realized that the problem was the question itself... writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.”和第三段“This time they found the exercise much more interesting.”可知，学生们在写第一篇关于“写作为什么重要”的论文时表现不佳，是因为他们觉得这个话题本身并不重要，从而缺乏兴趣。而对接下来的写作练习表现极佳，是因为它们比第一篇写的作文有趣得多。故选D。
26题选B 本题是词义猜测题。
题干：第三段中的下划线单词“staggering”是什么意思？根据第三段此单词后的描述，“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.” 可知，在调整写作任务后，学生们的作品非常出色和令人惊讶的。所以，“Staggering”在此处为“令人大吃一惊的，惊人的”，与“Amazing”意思最为接近。故选B。
27题选A 本题是推理判断题。
题干：作者的这个经历表明什么？根据文章结尾作者反思：“…my students demonstrated something more important to me... I walked away with... writing’s most powerful significance...”。这表明作者通过教学实践，从学生的表现中获得了新的认识和感悟，理解了写作更深层次的意义。这正是“教学相长” (Teaching is learning）的体现。故选A。
【长难句分析】
1. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
分析：本句主干“I found myself wondering ...”是“主+谓+宾+宾补”简单句句型，“just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well”充当wonder 的宾语，整体是一个由how引导的宾语从句；而这个宾语从句的主语“my students”带有一个用于对其进行解释说明的非限制定语从句“who'd created these people”, 从而使句子结构复杂化，加大了句子理解的难度。鉴于以上分析，本句可译为：不止一次，我不禁思考，我的学生们——正是他们创造了这些人物角色——为何能如此透彻地了解他们的写作对象。
2. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.
分析：本句主干为“For the next two assignments, I only required...”，“a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop”作“the next two assignments”的同位语，这两个同位语的先后顺序用“followed by”过去分词作后置定语连接；主句required后面接两个并列宾语从句“that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis”.鉴于以上句子结构分析，本句可译为：在接下来的两次作业中，先是个人叙事单元，接着是创意写作工作坊，我只要求文章符合其体裁的要求，并包含一个明确的论点。
3. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
分析：本句主干为“I walked away with a yearbook”，前面是when引导时间状语从句，后面是“full of messages”形容词短语作“yearbook”后置定语，“about writing's most powerful significance”介词短语作“messages”的后置定语，破折号起解释说明作用，解释“writing's most powerful significance”，破折号之后的中心词“the ability”后面连接着三个不定式短语to connect..., to put..., to teach ... 作其后置定语，而且最后一个不定式带有what引导的宾语从句。基于以上分析，本句可译为：六月下课铃声一响，我带着一本充满关于写作最深刻意义的信息的年鉴离开了——写作最深刻的意义在于它能够连接人们，让我们设身处地为他人着想，教会我们何为人。
【词块积累】
1. earn straight A’s 获得全优成绩
2. knew their subjects so well 非常了解他们的写作对象
3. filled less than one page 写不到一页
4. in and of itself 本身；就其本身而言
5. strike them as important 让他们觉得很重要
6. took on diverse topics and turned in stories 选择了各种各样的主题，并提交了故事（写好的作品）
【语篇译文】
去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我遇到了一位拯救了他的小镇的牛仔，一位要求儿子全优成绩的严厉父亲，以及一位因父母拒绝了她年轻时的爱情而心碎至死的现代朱丽叶。不止一次，我不禁思考，我的学生们——正是他们创造了这些人物角色——为何能如此透彻地了解他们的写作对象（故事中虚构的人物）。
但是，他们的第一篇作文却有所不同，其题目是：“为什么写作很重要？”大多数交上来的作文的字数都不到一页，而且几乎没有句子能被解读为论点。我感到震惊。后来我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以写很多页来讨论计算机的必要性，但写作本身并没有让他们觉得有多重要。这种情况必须改变。
作为新单元的开始，我要求每位学生就他们选择的与健康相关的主题撰写一篇有说服力的文章。这一次，学生们觉得这个写作练习有趣得多了。在接下来的两次作业中，先是个人叙事单元，接着是创意写作工作坊，我只要求文章符合其体裁的要求，并包含一个明确的论点。结果令人惊喜。学生们选择了各种各样的主题，提交了10到20页的故事，其中的人物不仅拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心。
我走进教室时，认为写作是重要的交流方式。然而，我的学生们展现出了对我来说更为重要的东西。六月下课铃声一响，我带着一本充满关于写作最深刻意义的信息的年鉴离开了——写作最深刻的意义在于它能够连接人们，让我们设身处地为他人着想，教会我们何为人。