必修第二册 UNIT 3
阅读 (外刊原味8) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:健康的生活方式 难度:★★★☆☆ | The Telegraph
We all know that too much time on phone, laptop or computer is bad for our attention spans and mental health, but overusing them is officially wrecking our physical health too. Back pain and “tech neck”—a combination of pain, stiffness and inflammation (炎症) in the neck and shoulders, caused by hunching over screens—are the most common complaints.
At 7 am my alarm goes off and I reach for my phone. Instead of putting it straight back down, I’ll spend at least 10 minutes scrolling before I get up to make breakfast, bending over at my screen while I lie on my side.
“Do not do that. That’s a total disaster,” Maxine Valensky says, an office physiotherapist.
That’s because when I’m looking down at my phone, I’m bending my head at an angle and exaggerating the force of my head on my neck.
A recent study from King’s College London found that an upright head puts about 5kg of pressure on the spine. Being hunched (弓身) over can up that weight to 12kg, when at a slight bend of 15 degrees, or a much heavier 22kg if I’m really craning over at a 45 degree angle.
“You’re asking your spine to do a whole lot of work,” Maxine says. “It’s almost like holding out a bowling ball with an outstretched hand for an hour—it’s impossible for that not to start hurting.”
The best thing to do is not to engage with your phone until you’re up and ready. But if you’re determined to scroll (滚屏) in bed, it’s better to sit upright with your back supported and your elbow propped (支撑) up on your leg, so you can actually relax. Instead of craning over, hold your neck up in a natural resting position, with your chin in a slight nod.
1.What does the underlined word “wrecking” probably mean in paragraph 1
A. Boosting. B. Opposing. C. Restricting. D. Destroying.
2.What will be the pressure on your neck if your head is tilted at a 30 degree angle
A. 12kg. B. 18kg. C. 22kg. D. 27kg.
3.How does Maxine illustrate the severity of hunching over screens
A. By highlighting figures. B. By analyzing causes.
C. By using a metaphor. D. By providing evidence.
4.As for the proper posture to scroll, which would the author agree with
A. Lowering one’s head while sitting upright.
B. Lying on one’s stomach in a relaxed manner.
C. Sitting up in bed while supporting one’s back.
D. Standing upright in a resting position.
完形填空 (全国卷Ⅲ改编) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术 难度:★★★☆☆
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—nearly six months out of the year.
“Of course, we 1 it when the sun is shining,” says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is 2 , but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 3 day.”
But that 4 when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 6 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 7 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central 9 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light appeared, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been 10 there and standing there and taking pictures of each other,” Ro says. “The town square was totally 11 . I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all 12 the sunshine at the same time. 13 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 14 residents.
“It’s not very 15 ,” she says, “but it is enough when we are sharing.”
1.A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
2.A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
3.A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
4.A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
5.A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
6.A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
7.A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
8.A. day B. night C. month D. year
9.A. library B. hall C. square D. street
10.A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. sitting
11.A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
12.A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
13.A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
14.A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
15.A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
语法填空 (2025·湖北名校联盟联考) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术 难度:★★★☆☆
On the playground of a town school in Tanghe county in Central China’s Henan Province, a bus full of science kits stops by. It quickly draws a crowd of pupils eager to explore 1.__________ is inside.
Soon, several robots are carefully unloaded 2.__________ the bus and begin dancing with consistent human-like moves. The children watch cheerfully, bursting into laughter as the robots 3.__________ (gentle) extend their hands to invite them to join the dance.
The bus was not a performance group of any kind 4.__________ a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, 5.__________ (aim) to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the 6.__________ (country) vast rural areas.
Lyu Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas are mostly faced with a 7.__________ (short) of teachers and equipment 8.__________ (qualify) for scientific education.
Since February, scientists, science educators and science museum staff 9.__________ (walk) into 18 town schools in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Henan and Gansu provinces. In May last year, the education ministry and other departments released a document 10.__________ (strengthen) scientific education in primary and secondary schools, promising to ensure that a more sound system will be in place in three to five years.
阅读
对于低头或躺着看屏幕而导致的颈部和肩部疼痛、僵硬和炎症等“科技颈”症状, 文章说明了原因和解决办法。
1.D 词义猜测题。第一段第二句介绍因低头看屏幕而导致的颈部和肩部疼痛、僵硬和炎症等“科技颈”症状,由此可推出过度使用电子设备对健康有害,故画线词与destroying同义。
2.B 细节理解题。由题干中的“俯身30度”结合文中的图可知, 低头30度,对脖子的压力是18kg。
3.C 推理判断题。倒数第二段Maxine用“这几乎就像伸长胳膊拿着保龄球一小时”说明躺床上歪头看手机对脊柱造成的损害,这是比喻的方式。
4.C 推理判断题。最后一段介绍在床上玩手机的正确姿势:坐直,不要弯腰, 撑住背部,手肘放在腿上,脖子抬高到一个自然放松的位置,微收下巴。由此可判断出C项“坐直”。
完形填空
受周围地势的限制,挪威的留坎小镇在每年九月底到次年三月中旬这将近六个月的时间里都享受不到阳光。但是,一组高科技镜面通过反射原理让小镇居民第一次感受到了冬日里的暖阳。人们聚在广场上享受着阳光,惬意地生活着。
1.D 根据空后的“when the sun is shining”和下文的“We see the sky is 2 ”并结合语境可知,此处指虽然小镇有近半年的时间没有阳光照射,但是当太阳照耀时,小镇的人是能察觉到太阳的。notice “察觉”,符合语境。fear “害怕”; believe “相信”; hear “听到”。
2.B 根据空后的but和darker可知,设空处意思与darker相反;再根据首段对留坎小镇的地形描述可知,小镇在群山之中,小镇里的居民仰头可以看见蓝天,但是山谷里却是阴暗的。blue “蓝色的”,符合语境。
3.A 根据空前的破折号可知,此处是补充说明破折号前的内容,即高处湛蓝的天空衬托着阴暗的山谷,让人感觉山谷里像是阴天。cloudy “多云的;阴天的”,符合语境。normal “正常的”; different “不同的”; warm “温暖的”。
4.B 空前But为表转折的提示词,表示有变化发生。change “改变”,符合语境。help “帮助”; happen “发生”; matter “有关系”。
5.C 根据上文可知,镜面系统将安装在周边山峰,从山峰将阳光反射到小镇。此处表示小镇的居民在周三收到了第一缕冬日的阳光。receive “收到”,符合语境。remember “记得”; forecast “预报”; imagine “想象”。
6.D 根据第三段第一句中的“a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced”和空前的“residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知,此处指的是一组高科技反射镜面被投入使用。put sth. to use “将某物投入使用”,符合语境。
7.B 根据空前的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer”和空后的“to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather”可知,电脑的作用是控制、管理这组反射镜面。direct “指挥;管理”,符合语境。forbid “禁止”; predict “预言”; follow “跟随”。
8.A 根据上文可知,小镇居民有约半年的时间会在白天感受不到阳光,由此可排除C、D项;由常识可排除B项。此处应指这组镜面在白天将阳光反射给小镇居民。throughout the day “整日”,符合语境。
9.C 根据空后的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”和第四段中的“The town square”可知,这组镜面将光束集中反射到小镇的中心广场,光照的面积大约为600平方米。square “广场”,符合语境。library “图书馆”; hall “大厅”; street “街道”。
10.D 根据空后的“standing there and taking pictures of each other”可知,此处描述人们相聚在广场时热闹的场景。sit “坐”,符合语境。drive “驾驶”; hide “躲藏”; camp “宿营”。
11.B 根据下文的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知,有阳光的时候,几乎小镇上所有的居民都汇集到广场上了。故可推断此处表示这个小镇广场上挤满了人。full “满的”,符合语境。new “新的”; flat “平的”; silent “寂静的”。
12.C 上文提到光照的面积只有大约600平方米,而空前却说小镇有3 500人,故可推断出此处表示所有的居民不可能同时享受到阳光。enjoy “享受”,符合语境。block “阻挡”; avoid “避开”; store “储存”。
13.B 语法知识解题。空前一句提到光照范围不能让全体居民同时享受阳光,但空后内容表示光照对居民来说绰绰有余。故推断出此处为表示转折意义的词。however “但是;然而”,符合语境。instead “相反;而”; gradually “渐渐地”; similarly “类似地”。
14.D 熟词生义解题。由上文可知,小镇的居民一年中有将近六个月是享受不到阳光的。sun-starved “缺乏阳光的”,符合语境。nature-loving “热爱自然的”; energy-saving “节能的”; weather-beaten “饱经风霜的”。
15.A 并列关系解题。根据空后的but it is enough可知,此处表达与之相反的意思“它(指大约600平方米的照射面积)虽然不是很大”。big “大的”,符合语境。
语法填空
文章讲述了中国政府落实“科教兴国”战略过程中一个具体的案例。
1.what 考查宾语从句。“ 1 inside”是宾语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,表“所……的东西”用what引导宾语从句。
2.from 考查介词。句意:很快,几个机器人被小心翼翼地从车上卸下来,开始以一致的人类动作跳舞。短语unload from表“从……卸下”。故填from。
3.gently 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词extend,应用副词作状语,故填gently。
4.but 考查固定句型。此处是not ... but ... 表“不是……而是……”。故填but。
5.aiming 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语, The bus 与aim是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填aiming。
6.country’s 考查名词所有格。此处country与areas为所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。故填country’s。
7.shortage 考查词形转换。空处作介词with的宾语,空前是冠词a,故填名词构成短语a shortage of表“短缺”。故填shortage。
8.qualified 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语,空处填非谓语, qualify与equipment为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填qualified。
9.have walked/have been walking 考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语Since February可知,表示过去的动作对现在的影响,应用现在完成时;或表示发生在过去的动作不间断进行到现在,用现在完成进行时,主语为 “scientists, science educators and science museum staff”,助动词用have。故填have walked/have been walking。
10.to strengthen 考查非谓语动词。句意:去年5月,教育部和其他部门发布了一份加强中小学科学教育的文件,承诺在三到五年内确保一个更完善的系统到位。此处表目的,应用不定式作目的状语。故填to strengthen。(共29张PPT)
限时练
必修第二册 UNIT 3
阅读 (外刊原味8) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：健康的生活方式 难度：★★★☆☆ | The Telegraph
We all know that too much time on phone， laptop or computer is bad for our attention spans and mental health， but overusing them is officially wrecking our physical health too. Back pain and “tech neck”—a combination of pain， stiffness and inflammation (炎症) in the neck and shoulders， caused by hunching over screens—are the most common complaints.
At 7 am my alarm goes off and I reach for my phone. Instead of putting it straight back down， I’ll spend at least 10 minutes scrolling before I get up to make breakfast， bending over at my screen while I lie on my side.
“Do not do that. That’s a total disaster，” Maxine Valensky says， an office physiotherapist.
That’s because when I’m looking down at my phone， I’m bending my head at an angle and exaggerating the force of my head on my neck.
A recent study from King’s College London found that an upright head puts about 5kg of pressure on the spine. Being hunched (弓身) over can up that weight to 12kg， when at a slight bend of 15 degrees， or a much heavier 22kg if I’m really craning over at a 45 degree angle.
“You’re asking your spine to do a whole lot of work，” Maxine says. “It’s almost like holding out a bowling ball with an outstretched hand for an hour—it’s impossible for that not to start hurting.”
The best thing to do is not to engage with your phone until you’re up and ready. But if you’re determined to scroll (滚屏) in bed， it’s better to sit upright with your back supported and your elbow propped (支撑) up on your leg， so you can actually relax. Instead of craning over， hold your neck up in a natural resting position， with your chin in a slight nod.
对于低头或躺着看屏幕而导致的颈部和肩部疼痛、僵硬和炎症等“科技颈”症状， 文章说明了原因和解决办法。
1.What does the underlined word “wrecking” probably mean in paragraph 1
A. Boosting. B. Opposing. C. Restricting. D. Destroying.
词义猜测题。第一段第二句介绍因低头看屏幕而导致的颈部和肩部疼痛、僵硬和炎症等“科技颈”症状，由此可推出过度使用电子设备对健康有害，故画线词与destroying同义。
答案与解析
2.What will be the pressure on your neck if your head is tilted at a 30 degree angle
A. 12kg. B. 18kg. C. 22kg. D. 27kg.
细节理解题。由题干中的“俯身30度”结合文中的图可知,低头30度,对脖子的压力是18kg。
答案与解析
3.How does Maxine illustrate the severity of hunching over screens
A. By highlighting figures. B. By analyzing causes.
C. By using a metaphor. D. By providing evidence.
推理判断题。倒数第二段Maxine用“这几乎就像伸长胳膊拿着保龄球一小时”说明躺床上歪头看手机对脊柱造成的损害，这是比喻的方式。
答案与解析
4.As for the proper posture to scroll， which would the author agree with
A. Lowering one’s head while sitting upright.
B. Lying on one’s stomach in a relaxed manner.
C. Sitting up in bed while supporting one’s back.
D. Standing upright in a resting position.
推理判断题。最后一段介绍在床上玩手机的正确姿势：坐直，不要弯腰, 撑住背部，手肘放在腿上，脖子抬高到一个自然放松的位置，微收下巴。由此可判断出C项“坐直”。
答案与解析
完形填空 (全国卷Ⅲ改编) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术 难度：★★★☆☆
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—nearly six months out of the year.
“Of course, we 1 it when the sun is shining，” says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is 2 , but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 3 day.”
But that 4 when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine： A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 6 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 7 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central 9 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light appeared, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been 10 there and standing there and taking pictures of each other，” Ro says. “The town square was totally 11 . I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3，500 residents cannot all 12 the sunshine at the same time. 13 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 14 residents.
“It’s not very 15 ，” she says, “but it is enough when we are sharing.”
1.A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
2.A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
3.A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
4.A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
5.A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
6.A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
7.A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
8.A. day B. night C. month D. year
9.A. library B. hall C. square D. street
10.A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. sitting
11.A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
12.A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
13.A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
14.A. nature-loving B. energy-saving
C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
15.A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
受周围地势的限制，挪威的留坎小镇在每年九月底到次年三月中旬这将近六个月的时间里都享受不到阳光。但是，一组高科技镜面通过反射原理让小镇居民第一次感受到了冬日里的暖阳。人们聚在广场上享受着阳光，惬意地生活着。
1.D 根据空后的“when the sun is shining”和下文的“We see the sky is 2 ”并结合语境可知，此处指虽然小镇有近半年的时间没有阳光照射,但是当太阳照耀时,小镇的人是能察觉到太阳的。notice “察觉”,符合语境。fear “害怕”; believe “相信”; hear “听到”。
答案与解析
2.B 根据空后的but和darker可知，设空处意思与darker相反；再根据首段对留坎小镇的地形描述可知，小镇在群山之中,小镇里的居民仰头可以看见蓝天,但是山谷里却是阴暗的。blue “蓝色的”，符合语境。
3.A 根据空前的破折号可知，此处是补充说明破折号前的内容，即高处湛蓝的天空衬托着阴暗的山谷,让人感觉山谷里像是阴天。cloudy “多云的；阴天的”，符合语境。normal “正常的”； different “不同的”； warm “温暖的”。
答案与解析
4.B 空前But为表转折的提示词,表示有变化发生。change “改变”,符合语境。help “帮助”； happen “发生”； matter “有关系”。
5.C 根据上文可知，镜面系统将安装在周边山峰，从山峰将阳光反射到小镇。此处表示小镇的居民在周三收到了第一缕冬日的阳光。receive “收到”,符合语境。remember “记得”； forecast “预报”; imagine “想象”。
6.D 根据第三段第一句中的“a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced”和空前的“residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知，此处指的是一组高科技反射镜面被投入使用。put sth. to use “将某物投入使用”，符合语境。
答案与解析
7.B 根据空前的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer”和空后的“to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather”可知，电脑的作用是控制、管理这组反射镜面。direct “指挥；管理”，符合语境。forbid “禁止”； predict “预言”； follow “跟随”。
8.A 根据上文可知，小镇居民有约半年的时间会在白天感受不到阳光，由此可排除C、D项；由常识可排除B项。此处应指这组镜面在白天将阳光反射给小镇居民。throughout the day “整日”，符合语境。
答案与解析
9.C 根据空后的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”和第四段中的“The town square”可知，这组镜面将光束集中反射到小镇的中心广场，光照的面积大约为600平方米。square “广场”,符合语境。library “图书馆”； hall “大厅”； street “街道”。
10.D 根据空后的“standing there and taking pictures of each other”可知，此处描述人们相聚在广场时热闹的场景。sit “坐”，符合语境。drive “驾驶”； hide “躲藏”； camp “宿营”。
答案与解析
11.B 根据下文的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知，有阳光的时候,几乎小镇上所有的居民都汇集到广场上了。故可推断此处表示这个小镇广场上挤满了人。full “满的”,符合语境。new “新的”； flat “平的”； silent “寂静的”。
12.C 上文提到光照的面积只有大约600平方米，而空前却说小镇有3 500人，故可推断出此处表示所有的居民不可能同时享受到阳光。enjoy “享受”，符合语境。block “阻挡”； avoid “避开”； store “储存”。
答案与解析
13.B 语法知识解题。空前一句提到光照范围不能让全体居民同时享受阳光，但空后内容表示光照对居民来说绰绰有余。故推断出此处为表示转折意义的词。however “但是；然而”，符合语境。instead “相反；而”； gradually “渐渐地”； similarly “类似地”。
14.D 熟词生义解题。由上文可知，小镇的居民一年中有将近六个月是享受不到阳光的。sun-starved “缺乏阳光的”，符合语境。nature-loving “热爱自然的”； energy-saving “节能的”； weather-beaten “饱经风霜的”。
答案与解析
15.A 并列关系解题。根据空后的but it is enough可知,此处表达与之相反的意思“它(指大约600平方米的照射面积)虽然不是很大”。big “大的”，符合语境。
答案与解析
语法填空 (2025·湖北名校联盟联考) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术 难度：★★★☆☆
On the playground of a town school in Tanghe county in Central China’s Henan Province, a bus full of science kits stops by. It quickly draws a crowd of pupils eager to explore 1.__________ is inside.
Soon, several robots are carefully unloaded 2.__________ the bus and begin dancing with consistent human-like moves. The children watch cheerfully, bursting into laughter as the robots 3.__________ (gentle) extend their hands to invite them to join the dance.
what
from
gently
The bus was not a performance group of any kind 4.__________ a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, 5.__________ (aim) to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the 6.__________ (country) vast rural areas.
Lyu Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas are mostly faced with a 7.__________ (short) of teachers and equipment 8.__________ (qualify) for scientific education.
but
aiming
country’s
shortage
qualified
Since February, scientists, science educators and science museum staff 9.__________________________________ (walk) into 18 town schools in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Henan and Gansu provinces. In May last year, the education ministry and other departments released a document 10.____________________ (strengthen) scientific education in primary and secondary schools, promising to ensure that a more sound system will be in place in three to five years.
have walked/have been walking
to strengthen
文章讲述了中国政府落实“科教兴国”战略过程中一个具体的案例。
1.what 考查宾语从句。“ 1 is inside”是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，表“所……的东西”用what引导宾语从句。
2.from 考查介词。句意：很快，几个机器人被小心翼翼地从车上卸下来，开始以一致的人类动作跳舞。短语unload from表“从……卸下”。故填from。
3.gently 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词extend，应用副词作状语，故填gently。
答案与解析
4.but 考查固定句型。此处是not ... but ... 表“不是……而是……”。故填but。
5.aiming 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语, The bus 与aim是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填aiming。
6.country’s 考查名词所有格。此处country与areas为所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。故填country’s。
7.shortage 考查词形转换。空处作介词with的宾语,空前是冠词a，故填名词构成短语a shortage of表“短缺”。故填shortage。
答案与解析
8.qualified 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语，空处填非谓语, qualify与equipment为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填qualified。
9.have walked/have been walking 考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语Since February可知，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时；或表示发生在过去的动作不间断进行到现在，用现在完成进行时，主语为 “scientists, science educators and science museum staff”，助动词用have。故填have walked/have been walking。
答案与解析
10.to strengthen 考查非谓语动词。句意：去年5月，教育部和其他部门发布了一份加强中小学科学教育的文件，承诺在三到五年内确保一个更完善的系统到位。此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to strengthen。
答案与解析
