选择性必修第一册 UNIT 2
阅读 (外刊原味14) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术 难度:★★☆☆ | The Independent
Scientists have invented a device that can extract drinking water from thin air using an innovative fin-like system. The device could help meet the growing global demand for potable water by harvesting the trillions of litres of fresh water in the Earth’s atmosphere.
A team from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US came up with a low-cost and compact system that uses an approach referred to as sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH), which makes use of water-absorbent “fins” to collect water.
“About two-thirds of the global population is suffering from water scarcity, and it is estimated that about 40 per cent of the global annual water demand will not be met by 2030, posing further challenges to public health, and agriculture,” the researchers noted in a study detailing the technology.
“There is about 1,300 trillion litres of fresh water in the atmosphere that could be readily harvested without relying on the existing liquid water supply. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting promises potable water production in extreme dry environments where conventional atmospheric water harvesting solutions such as fog harvesting and dewing are impracticable.”
Existing SAWH systems typically rely on solar power, however, inconsistent weather conditions and low energy density mean they are unsuitable for meeting daily human needs.The new device leverages (充分利用) waste heat to meet this demand in what the scientists claim is a low-cost and high-performance solution.
Calculations based on a working prototype of the system suggest that 1 litre of absorbent coating on the fins could produce up to 1.3 litres of potable water per day in air with 30 per cent relative humidity—a volume two to five times greater than previously developed systems.
1.Which of the following words can best describe the system
A. Influential and effective. B. Revolutionary and profitable.
C. Creative and budget. D. Economical and unique.
2.What method is workable in extreme dry environments
A. Fog harvesting. B. Conventional water harvesting.
C. Dewing. D. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting.
3.Why are the current systems inappropriate for meeting daily demand for water
A. There is no sufficient heat to power them.
B. They can not be powered by waste heat.
C. They use solar power easily affected by unstable weather.
D. They fail to work in changeable weather.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Drinking Water Harvested from Thin Air B. Potable Water Stolen from the Sky
C. Fin-like Device Filtering Drinking Water D. Fresh Water Obtained from the Atmosphere
七选五 (2024·浙江高考1月) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术 难度:★★★☆☆
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 1 But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you 2 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 3 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in-person courses. 4 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
5 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
语法填空 (外刊原味15) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术 难度:★★★☆☆ | New Scientist
If your cheeks are subtly 1.__________ (warm) than usual, it could be a sign of rising blood pressure that could 2.__________ (detect) by artificial intelligence. Little changes like this in the heat patterns of people’s faces could also flag certain other medical 3.__________ (condition), like diabetes, and even be used 4.__________ (estimate) age.
With a hand-held thermal imager, researchers 5.__________ (capture) facial heat readings and 2D images of over 2,800 volunteers during their annual health check-ups at hospitals 6.__________ 2020 and 2022. Participants, who were aged between 21 and 88 years old and included a fairly even mix of men and women, 7.__________ (pose) for the imaging in a temperature-controlled room while they were calm.The researchers then created software 8.__________ combined the 2D images with the heat maps to make one thermal facial image for each person.
9.__________ (compare) the images of people in different age brackets, researchers found clear patterns of heat distribution related to ageing. For example, the nose temperature decreases starting at about the age of 50 in women and by about 60 in men 10.__________ the temperature of the area around the eyes increases.
阅读
科学家们发明了一种装置,利用创新的鳍状系统从稀薄的大气水中提取饮用水,以满足逐渐增长的用水需求。
1.C 推理判断题。由第一段中的“using an innovative fin-like system”和第二段中的“came up with a low-cost and compact system”可知,这个系统是具有创造性的且省钱的。
2.D 细节理解题。由第四段中的最后一句“在极端干旱的环境中,传统的大气水收集解决方案(如雾收集和露水收集)是不可行的,基于吸附的大气水收集有望生产饮用水。”可知,在极端干旱的环境中,基于吸附的大气水收集是可行的。
3.C 细节理解题。由第五段第一句可知,现有的SAWH系统通常依赖太阳能,然而,不稳定的天气条件和低能量密度意味着它们不能满足人类的日常需求。由此可知,现有系统利用太阳能,很容易受不稳定的天气影响,故C项正确。
4.A 标题归纳题。文章第一段第一句“科学家们发明了一种装置,可以使用一种创新的鳍状系统从稀薄的空气中提取饮用水”是文章主旨,故A项作为标题合适。
积累
重点词 ①extract vt.提炼;提取 ②readily adv.快捷地;轻而易举地;便利地 ③workable adj.切实可行的
派生词 ①(atmosphere+ -ic=) atmospheric adj.大气的;大气层的 ②(scarce+-ity=) scarcity n.缺乏;不足;稀少 ③(in-+consist+-ent=) inconsistent adj.不稳定的;时好时坏的;不一致;相矛盾
合成词 high-performance adj.高性能的
熟词 生义 ①detail熟义:n.详情;全部细节 生义:v.详细列举;详细说明;详述 ②budget熟义:n.预算 生义:adj.价格低廉的;花钱少的 v.谨慎花钱;把……编入预算
语块 be referred to as被称为
七选五
1.G 空前句子表示“在过去的几年中,在线学习已经成为大学经历中的一个重要部分”,而空后一句用了But进行话题的转折,这说明该空是对前一句信息的补充。G项“一项调查发现有29%的大学生注册了在线课程”,能进一步说明在线学习的地位,故选G项。
2.F 空前是两个问句,表示“但是所有的在线课程都一样吗 你如何确定数字化学习适合你 ”,空后又提到通过采访的形式来获取对在线课程的建议。由此可判断出,该空应该承接前面的两个问句,并且句意上应该是递进的。选项中有两个问句,C项“你知道在线课程也是你教育的一部分吗 ”,F项“如果你参加在线课程,你能做些什么来确保获得最好的成绩 ”,其中F项是对前面两个问句的进一步补充,符合语境,故选F项。
3.A 空前句“在线学习最明显的好处是你可以随时随地学习”强调了在线学习的自由灵活度,空后句引用一名大学毕业生的话“我认为很多人忽视的一个点是容易落后于计划”说明在线学习会容易错过截止日期,因此A项承上启下,符合语境。
4.D 空前的段首句提到“将在线课程纳入你的每周计划中,就像你在线下课程中所做的一样”,将在线课程和线下课程进行了比较,而空后句是由He开头的一句话,由此可推断出,这里的代词He必定指代该空所提到的某一个具体人物。D项不仅提到了具体的人物,呼应下文,而且也提到了在线课程和线下课程。D项承接上文。
5.E 根据下文可知,该段是在探讨在线学习存在的一个问题,并且也提到了一名本科生给出相关建议来缓解这一问题,即可以和朋友一起上在线课程。因此,E项“对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人际互动”可以概括本段,并且其中的“human interaction”呼应本段第二句中的social connection, complaint则呼应本段第三句中的problem。故选E项。
积累
①fall behind schedule落后于预定计划 ②let sth. slide放任不管某事,任某事恶化 ③lose sight of忽略
语法填空
研究发现,利用AI脸诊,通过面部不同区域的温度能揭示出衰老程度及是否患上某些疾病的风险。
1.warmer 考查形容词比较级。空后是比较级提示词than,故空处填warm的比较级,填warmer。
2.be detected 考查动词语态。空处在定语从句中作谓语,从句修饰先行词a sign,关系词指代a sign,与detect是被动关系,故用被动语态,空前是情态动词could,故填be detected。
3.conditions 考查名词的数。condition 在本句中意为“疾病”,是可数名词,空前是other,故空处填复数名词conditions。
4.to estimate 考查非谓语动词。此处指固定用法be used to do sth. “被用来做某事”,故填to estimate。
5.captured 考查动词时态。设空在句中作谓语, 句中时间状语是2020 and 2022,故该句用一般过去时,故填captured。
6.between 考查介词。此处是between ... and ... “在……和……之间”,故填介词between。
7.posed 考查动词时态。设空在句中作谓语,该句的两个从句都是一般过去时,故主句用一般过去时,故填posed。
长难句分析:, and (pose) for temperature-controlled room] were calm].
8.that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词是software,指物,从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
9.Comparing 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语,空处为非谓语, researchers与compare是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,填Comparing。
10.while 考查连词。空前的“女性从50岁鼻子温度开始降低,男性60岁鼻子温度开始降低”与“眼睛周围的温度升高”是对比关系,故填连词while。
积累
重点词 ①subtly adv.精细地;巧妙地;敏锐地 ②reading n.(仪表的)读数
熟词生义 flag n.旗帜 vt.标示(重要处)
语块 ①annual health check-ups年度健康体检 ②age brackets年龄段 ③related to与……有关(共29张PPT)
限时练
选择性必修第一册 UNIT 2
阅读 (外刊原味14) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术 难度：★★ ☆☆ | The Independent
Scientists have invented a device that can extract drinking water from thin air using an innovative fin-like system. The device could help meet the growing global demand for potable water by harvesting the trillions of litres of fresh water in the Earth’s atmosphere.
A team from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US came up with a low-cost and compact system that uses an approach referred to as sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH), which makes use of water-absorbent “fins” to collect water.
“About two-thirds of the global population is suffering from water scarcity, and it is estimated that about 40 per cent of the global annual water demand will not be met by 2030, posing further challenges to public health, and agriculture，” the researchers noted in a study detailing the technology.
“There is about 1，300 trillion litres of fresh water in the atmosphere that could be readily harvested without relying on the existing liquid water supply. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting promises potable water production in extreme dry environments where conventional atmospheric water harvesting solutions such as fog harvesting and dewing are impracticable.”
Existing SAWH systems typically rely on solar power, however, inconsistent weather conditions and low energy density mean they are unsuitable for meeting daily human needs.The new device leverages (充分利用) waste heat to meet this demand in what the scientists claim is a low-cost and high-performance solution.
Calculations based on a working prototype of the system suggest that 1 litre of absorbent coating on the fins could produce up to 1.3 litres of potable water per day in air with 30 per cent relative humidity—a volume two to five times greater than previously developed systems.
科学家们发明了一种装置，利用创新的鳍状系统从稀薄的大气水中提取饮用水，以满足逐渐增长的用水需求。
1.Which of the following words can best describe the system
A. Influential and effective. B. Revolutionary and profitable.
C. Creative and budget. D. Economical and unique.
推理判断题。由第一段中的“using an innovative fin-like system”和第二段中的“came up with a low-cost and compact system”可知，这个系统是具有创造性的且省钱的。
答案与解析
2.What method is workable in extreme dry environments
Fog harvesting.
B. Conventional water harvesting.
C. Dewing.
D. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting.
细节理解题。由第四段中的最后一句“在极端干旱的环境中，传统的大气水收集解决方案(如雾收集和露水收集)是不可行的，基于吸附的大气水收集有望生产饮用水。”可知,在极端干旱的环境中,基于吸附的大气水收集是可行的。
答案与解析
3.Why are the current systems inappropriate for meeting daily demand for water
A. There is no sufficient heat to power them.
B. They can not be powered by waste heat.
C. They use solar power easily affected by unstable weather.
D. They fail to work in changeable weather.
细节理解题。由第五段第一句可知，现有的SAWH系统通常依赖太阳能，然而，不稳定的天气条件和低能量密度意味着它们不能满足人类的日常需求。由此可知，现有系统利用太阳能，很容易受不稳定的天气影响，故C项正确。
答案与解析
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Drinking Water Harvested from Thin Air
B. Potable Water Stolen from the Sky
C. Fin-like Device Filtering Drinking Water
D. Fresh Water Obtained from the Atmosphere
标题归纳题。文章第一段第一句“科学家们发明了一种装置，可以使用一种创新的鳍状系统从稀薄的空气中提取饮用水”是文章主旨,故A项作为标题合适。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 ①extract vt.提炼；提取 ②readily adv.快捷地；轻而易举地；便利地 ③workable adj.切实可行的
派生词 ①(atmosphere+ -ic=) atmospheric adj.大气的；大气层的
②(scarce+-ity=) scarcity n.缺乏；不足；稀少 ③(in-+consist+-ent=) inconsistent adj.不稳定的；时好时坏的；不一致；相矛盾
合成词 high-performance adj.高性能的
熟词 生义 ①detail熟义：n.详情；全部细节 生义：v.详细列举；详细说明；详述 ②budget熟义：n.预算 生义：adj.价格低廉的；花钱少的 v.谨慎花钱；把……编入预算
语块 be referred to as被称为
七选五 (2024·浙江高考1月) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术 难度：★★★☆☆
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 1 But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you
2 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 3 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule，” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple： build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in-person courses. 4 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
5 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
1.G 空前句子表示“在过去的几年中，在线学习已经成为大学经历中的一个重要部分”，而空后一句用了But进行话题的转折，这说明该空是对前一句信息的补充。G项“一项调查发现有29%的大学生注册了在线课程”，能进一步说明在线学习的地位,故选G项。
2.F 空前是两个问句，表示“但是所有的在线课程都一样吗 你如何确定数字化学习适合你 ”，空后又提到通过采访的形式来获取对在线课程的建议。由此可判断出，该空应该承接前面的两个问句，并且句意上应该是递进的。选项中有两个问句，C项“你知道
答案与解析
在线课程也是你教育的一部分吗 ”，F项“如果你参加在线课程，你能做些什么来确保获得最好的成绩 ”，其中F项是对前面两个问句的进一步补充，符合语境，故选F项。
3.A 空前句“在线学习最明显的好处是你可以随时随地学习”强调了在线学习的自由灵活度，空后句引用一名大学毕业生的话“我认为很多人忽视的一个点是容易落后于计划”说明在线学习会容易错过截止日期，因此A项承上启下，符合语境。
答案与解析
4.D 空前的段首句提到“将在线课程纳入你的每周计划中，就像你在线下课程中所做的一样”,将在线课程和线下课程进行了比较,而空后句是由He开头的一句话，由此可推断出，这里的代词He必定指代该空所提到的某一个具体人物。D项不仅提到了具体的人物，呼应下文，而且也提到了在线课程和线下课程。D项承接上文。
答案与解析
5.E 根据下文可知，该段是在探讨在线学习存在的一个问题，并且也提到了一名本科生给出相关建议来缓解这一问题，即可以和朋友一起上在线课程。因此，E项“对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人际互动”可以概括本段，并且其中的“human interaction”呼应本段第二句中的social connection, complaint则呼应本段第三句中的problem。故选E项。
答案与解析
积累
①fall behind schedule落后于预定计划 ②let sth. slide放任不管某事，任某事恶化 ③lose sight of忽略
语法填空 (外刊原味15) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术 难度：★★★☆☆ | New Scientist
If your cheeks are subtly 1.__________ (warm) than usual, it could be a sign of rising blood pressure that could 2.______________ (detect) by artificial intelligence. Little changes like this in the heat patterns of people’s faces could also flag certain other medical 3.__________ (condition), like diabetes, and even be used 4.____________ (estimate) age.
warmer
be detected
conditions
to estimate
With a hand-held thermal imager, researchers 5.__________ (capture) facial heat readings and 2D images of over 2，800 volunteers during their annual health check-ups at hospitals 6.__________ 2020 and 2022. Participants, who were aged between 21 and 88 years old and included a fairly even mix of men and women, 7.__________ (pose) for the imaging in a temperature-controlled room while they were calm.The researchers then created software 8.____________ combined the 2D images with the heat maps to make one thermal facial image for each person.
captured
between
posed
that/which
9.____________ (compare) the images of people in different age brackets, researchers found clear patterns of heat distribution related to ageing. For example, the nose temperature decreases starting at about the age of 50 in women and by about 60 in men 10.__________ the temperature of the area around the eyes increases.
Comparing
while
研究发现，利用AI脸诊，通过面部不同区域的温度能揭示出衰老程度及是否患上某些疾病的风险。
1.warmer 考查形容词比较级。空后是比较级提示词than，故空处填warm的比较级，填warmer。
2.be detected 考查动词语态。空处在定语从句中作谓语，从句修饰先行词a sign，关系词指代a sign，与detect是被动关系，故用被动语态，空前是情态动词could，故填be detected。
3.conditions 考查名词的数。condition 在本句中意为“疾病”，是可数名词，空前是other，故空处填复数名词conditions。
答案与解析
4.to estimate 考查非谓语动词。此处指固定用法be used to do sth. “被用来做某事”，故填to estimate。
5.captured 考查动词时态。设空在句中作谓语, 句中时间状语是2020 and 2022，故该句用一般过去时，故填captured。
6.between 考查介词。此处是between ... and ... “在……和……之间”，故填介词between。
7.posed 考查动词时态。设空在句中作谓语，该句的两个从句都是一般过去时，故主句用一般过去时，故填posed。
答案与解析
长难句分析： and (pose) for temperature-controlled room] were calm].
答案与解析
8.that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是software，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
9.Comparing 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语，空处为非谓语, researchers与compare是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语,填Comparing。
10.while 考查连词。空前的“女性从50岁鼻子温度开始降低，男性60岁鼻子温度开始降低”与“眼睛周围的温度升高”是对比关系，故填连词while。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 ①subtly adv.精细地；巧妙地；敏锐地 ②reading n.(仪表的)读数
熟词生义 flag n.旗帜 vt.标示(重要处)
语块 ①annual health check-ups年度健康体检 ②age brackets年龄段 ③related to与……有关
