选择性必修第一册 UNIT 4
阅读 (2025·济南诊断) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:科学研究 难度:★★★☆
Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a poker face, not showing what you are feeling Scientists at Nottingham Trent University say that wearing your heart on your face, could actually give you a significant social advantage.
The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU’s School of Social Sciences, involving over 1,300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months.
The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces. Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits. In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationship and smoothing over conflicts. Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an “affiliative (亲和) function”, or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions.
Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable”, suggesting that a lively face makes one’s intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher. Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well-liked.
The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one’s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, the next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working overtime on your behalf.
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the study
A. Its impact. B. Its findings. C. Its limitations. D. Its significance.
2.What may facial expressiveness serve as in negotiation settings
A. A way to frighten competitors. B. A method to hide personalities.
C. A tool to show personal quality. D. A strategy to settle disagreement.
3.What does the underlined word “decipher” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Copy. B. Overlook. C. Remember. D. Interpret.
4.What may the author advise based on the findings of the study
A. Always wearing a still face. B. Learning to be an open book.
C. Speaking out inner emotions. D. Forcing a smile through tears.
七选五 (2022·全国乙卷) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:良好的人际关系 难度:★★★☆☆
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 1 .
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 2 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
3 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· 4
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
5 , but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
语法填空 (外刊原味16) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:社会文化 难度:★★★☆☆ | The New York Times
In Hong Kong, you can find wonton soup in high-end dining rooms or, more commonly, 1.__________ (serve) casually as a quick meal, as it is in Chinatowns around the world.
To my mind, wontons are ideal for a new year party 2.__________ (precise) because they’re an everyday comfort food. For someone like me, born on the other side of the world 3.__________ tied to Chinese culture, they’re a tangible connection to family and homeland. And for anyone 4.__________ (love) wontons, the process of making them from scratch is as much a celebration 5.__________ eating them.
To clarify, wontons are dumplings, but not all dumplings are wontons. And not all wontons are Cantonese—there are thicker-skinned 6.__________ (version) in northern China and spicy ones from Sichuan in the southwest, among others—but the Hong Kong style, distinguished by 7.__________ (silk) wrappers and shrimp in the stuffing, 8.__________ (be) arguably the best. Because Cantonese wonton wrappers are thin, they let the filling shine. Distinct from thicker dumpling skins made with only flour and water, they include egg, which yields a 9.__________ (rich), more supple (柔韧的) dough that can roll into extremely flat sheets.
In Cantonese, “wonton” translates to “swallowing a cloud”, and these look and taste that ethereal (超凡的). Add long, wiry wonton noodles to the bowl and you have a complete meal, along with 10.__________ promise of longevity for the new year.
阅读
文章介绍了一项科学研究,研究表明面部表情丰富的人在社交中有显著优势,这种优势可以转化为具体的社交利益。文章最后指出,对于大多数人来说,让自己的脸反映内心的状态和意图可以引发更热烈的反应。
1.B 主旨大意题。第二段主要介绍了研究发现人们在谈话中面部动作的多少存在显著差异,而且是一种稳定的个人品质。因此,本段主要介绍这项研究的发现。故选B项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,在谈判中,面部表情可能是建立良好关系和缓和矛盾的工具,帮助有表现力的人获得更大利益。因此,面部表情在谈判环境中可能作为一种解决分歧的策略。故选D项。
3.D 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句中“Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more ‘readable’”可知,丰富的表情更“可读”,即更容易被理解和解读,故“一张生动的脸更容易被人解读意图和精神状态”。画线词decipher与interpret同义,意为“解读”。故选D。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知,研究表明面部表情丰富的人在社交中有显著优势,所以对于大多数人来说,让自己的脸反映内心的状态和意图可以引发更热情的反应。因此作者可能建议我们要学会像一本打开的书一样,不要隐藏自己的情感和意图,要通过面部表情表达出来。故选B。
七选五
本文主要介绍了维持远距离友谊的五种方法:设定一个固定日期;确保合适的交流方式及频率;练习共情;记住朋友之间的重要日子;不要只依赖技术。
1.D 设空前讲在繁忙的日程中挤时间打电话是一种挑战,再结合段落标题“设定固定日期”可知,D项(尽力找到一个适合双方的时间并坚持)承接上文,且其中的find a time和stick to it与段落小标题相呼应,符合语境。
2.E 设空前讲你要和朋友沟通好交流的频率和方法,设空处下文列举了具体的交流方式。设空处应承上启下,与“沟通方式”有关。E项(朋友需要沟通他们更喜欢的交流方式)承上启下,其中的methods of communication与上文中的communicated和method相呼应,符合语境。
3.G 根据本段小标题“练习共情”和空后内容可推知,本段主要讲留下来的朋友和去了新环境的朋友分别后如何共情。G项(你可能是那个离开的朋友或者是留下来的朋友)分别对应下文中的两类人,引出下文,符合语境。
4.A 根据语境可知,本段主要讲周年纪念日和生日等特殊日期很重要,要特别花心思过好这些重要日子,故A项(记住重要日子)适合作本段小标题。
5.F 根据本段小标题“不要只依赖技术”和空后“但是远距离的友谊,甚至近距离的,可能需要更多有意识的努力去维持”可知,本段主要讲不要只依靠技术来维持友谊。设空后出现了but,说明此处与下文是转折关系。F项(通过社交媒体你很容易产生联结感)可与空后内容构成转折且呼应小标题,符合语境。
长难句分析:
句意:留下来的朋友需要体谅已经离开的朋友所有的额外时间要求。
积累
重点词 ①renew/r nju / v.重新开始 ②compensate / k mpense t/ v.补偿;弥补
派生词 connectedness (connected+-ness) n.相关感;归属感
熟词 生义 slip v.被遗忘
语块 ①carry weight有分量;有影响 ②go a long way作用很大 ③a sense of connectedness归属感 ④squeeze in挤出时间见某人(或做某事)
语法填空
本篇文章的作者是一位海外华人,在她眼中,最好的春节美食是什么 她是如何向西方读者介绍这一中华美食的
1.served 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处是“find+宾语+宾补”结构,serve “提供;端上”与wonton soup是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作宾补,填served。
2.precisely 考查词形转换。空处作状语,应用副词,填precisely。precisely adv. “恰恰是,正是”。
3.but 考查连词。空前的“生于地球另一端”和空后的“与中国文化息息相关”是转折关系,应用连词but。
4.loving 考查非谓语动词。空处作定语,修饰代词anyone,应用非谓语动词。anyone与love是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作定语,填loving。
5.as 考查固定句式。此处指在庆祝方面,从零开始包馄饨的过程和吃馄饨一样。此处是固定句式A is as much+名词+as B “在……方面,A不亚于B/A和B一样”,故填as。
语块 do sth. from scratch 从零开始做某事
6.versions 考查名词的数。此处是there be 句式,谓语是are,此处指北方的厚皮的馄饨,故空处所填名词用复数形式,填versions。thick-skinned adj. 皮厚的 反义词:thin-skinned。
7.silky 考查词形转换。空处作定语,修饰名词wrappers (馄饨皮),应用形容词作定语,表“丝一般的;软的,薄的”,填silky。 wrap v. 包裹; stuffing n. 填充物;(本文)食物里的馅儿。
8.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,该句主语是the Hong Kong style,故谓语用三单,且此处指客观事实,应用一般现在时,故填is。arguably adv. 按理;可论证地。
9.richer 考查形容词的比较级。空处修饰名词dough,应用形容词,空后是more supple,故此处用比较级,填richer。
10.the 考查冠词。promise在本句中意为“吉兆;迹象”, 此处特指长寿的吉兆,故填定冠词the。 the promise of something “预示着将带来……”。wiry adj. (本文)又结实又细的。 (共28张PPT)
限时练
选择性必修第一册 UNIT 4
阅读 (2025·济南诊断) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：科学研究 难度：★★★ ☆
Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a poker face, not showing what you are feeling Scientists at Nottingham Trent University say that wearing your heart on your face, could actually give you a significant social advantage.
The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU’s School of Social Sciences, involving over 1，300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months.
The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces. Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits. In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationship and smoothing over conflicts. Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an “affiliative (亲和) function”, or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions.
Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable”, suggesting that a lively face makes one’s intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher. Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well-liked.
The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous. Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one’s face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. As the researchers conclude,
“Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, the next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working overtime on your behalf.
文章介绍了一项科学研究，研究表明面部表情丰富的人在社交中有显著优势，这种优势可以转化为具体的社交利益。文章最后指出，对于大多数人来说，让自己的脸反映内心的状态和意图可以引发更热烈的反应。
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the study
Its impact. B. Its findings.
C. Its limitations. D. Its significance.
主旨大意题。第二段主要介绍了研究发现人们在谈话中面部动作的多少存在显著差异，而且是一种稳定的个人品质。因此，本段主要介绍这项研究的发现。故选B项。
答案与解析
2.What may facial expressiveness serve as in negotiation settings
A. A way to frighten competitors.
B. A method to hide personalities.
C. A tool to show personal quality.
D. A strategy to settle disagreement.
推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在谈判中，面部表情可能是建立良好关系和缓和矛盾的工具，帮助有表现力的人获得更大利益。因此，面部表情在谈判环境中可能作为一种解决分歧的策略。故选D项。
答案与解析
3.What does the underlined word “decipher” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Copy. B. Overlook. C. Remember. D. Interpret.
词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句中“Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more ‘readable’”可知，丰富的表情更“可读”，即更容易被理解和解读，故“一张生动的脸更容易被人解读意图和精神状态”。画线词decipher与interpret同义，意为“解读”。故选D。
答案与解析
4.What may the author advise based on the findings of the study
A. Always wearing a still face. B. Learning to be an open book.
C. Speaking out inner emotions. D. Forcing a smile through tears.
推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，研究表明面部表情丰富的人在社交中有显著优势，所以对于大多数人来说，让自己的脸反映内心的状态和意图可以引发更热情的反应。因此作者可能建议我们要学会像一本打开的书一样,不要隐藏自己的情感和意图，要通过面部表情表达出来。故选B。
答案与解析
七选五 (2022·全国乙卷) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：良好的人际关系 难度：★★★☆☆
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 1 .
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 2 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
3 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· 4
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
5 , but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
本文主要介绍了维持远距离友谊的五种方法:设定一个固定日期；确保合适的交流方式及频率；练习共情；记住朋友之间的重要日子；不要只依赖技术。
1.D 设空前讲在繁忙的日程中挤时间打电话是一种挑战，再结合段落标题“设定固定日期”可知，D项(尽力找到一个适合双方的时间并坚持)承接上文，且其中的find a time和stick to it与段落小标题相呼应，符合语境。
答案与解析
2.E 设空前讲你要和朋友沟通好交流的频率和方法，设空处下文列举了具体的交流方式。设空处应承上启下,与“沟通方式”有关。E项(朋友需要沟通他们更喜欢的交流方式)承上启下，其中的methods of communication与上文中的communicated和method相呼应，符合语境。
3.G 根据本段小标题“练习共情”和空后内容可推知，本段主要讲留下来的朋友和去了新环境的朋友分别后如何共情。G项(你可能是那个离开的朋友或者是留下来的朋友)分别对应下文中的两类人,引出下文，符合语境。
答案与解析
4.A 根据语境可知，本段主要讲周年纪念日和生日等特殊日期很重要，要特别花心思过好这些重要日子，故A项(记住重要日子)适合作本段小标题。
5.F 根据本段小标题“不要只依赖技术”和空后“但是远距离的友谊，甚至近距离的，可能需要更多有意识的努力去维持”可知，本段主要讲不要只依靠技术来维持友谊。设空后出现了but，说明此处与下文是转折关系。F项(通过社交媒体你很容易产生联结感)可与空后内容构成转折且呼应小标题，符合语境。
答案与解析
长难句分析：
句意:留下来的朋友需要体谅已经离开的朋友所有的额外时间要求。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 ①renew/r nju / v.重新开始 ②compensate / k mpense t/ v.补偿；弥补
派生词 connectedness (connected+-ness) n.相关感；归属感
熟词生义 slip v.被遗忘
语块 ①carry weight有分量；有影响 ②go a long way作用很大 ③a sense of connectedness归属感 ④squeeze in挤出时间见某人(或做某事)
语法填空 (外刊原味16) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：社会文化 难度：★★★☆☆ | The New York Times
In Hong Kong, you can find wonton soup in high-end dining rooms or, more commonly, 1.__________ (serve) casually as a quick meal, as it is in Chinatowns around the world.
To my mind, wontons are ideal for a new year party 2.__________ (precise) because they’re an everyday comfort food. For someone like me, born on the other side of the world 3.__________ tied to Chinese culture, they’re a tangible connection to family and homeland. And for anyone
served
precisely
but
4.__________ (love) wontons, the process of making them from scratch is as much a celebration 5.__________ eating them.
To clarify, wontons are dumplings, but not all dumplings are wontons. And not all wontons are Cantonese—there are thicker-skinned 6.__________ (version) in northern China and spicy ones from Sichuan in the southwest, among others—but the Hong Kong style, distinguished by 7.__________ (silk) wrappers and shrimp in the stuffing, 8.__________ (be) arguably the best. Because Cantonese wonton wrappers are thin, they let the filling shine. Distinct from thicker dumpling skins made with only
loving
as
versions
silky
is
flour and water, they include egg, which yields a 9.__________ (rich), more supple (柔韧的) dough that can roll into extremely flat sheets.
In Cantonese, “wonton” translates to “swallowing a cloud”, and these look and taste that ethereal (超凡的). Add long, wiry wonton noodles to the bowl and you have a complete meal, along with 10.__________ promise of longevity for the new year.
richer
the
本篇文章的作者是一位海外华人，在她眼中，最好的春节美食是什么 她是如何向西方读者介绍这一中华美食的
1.served 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是“find+宾语+宾补”结构，serve “提供；端上”与wonton soup是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾补，填served。
2.precisely 考查词形转换。空处作状语,应用副词，填precisely。precisely adv. “恰恰是，正是”。
3.but 考查连词。空前的“生于地球另一端”和空后的“与中国文化息息相关”是转折关系，应用连词but。
答案与解析
4.loving 考查非谓语动词。空处作定语，修饰代词anyone，应用非谓语动词。anyone与love是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语，填loving。
5.as 考查固定句式。此处指在庆祝方面，从零开始包馄饨的过程和吃馄饨一样。此处是固定句式A is as much+名词+as B “在……方面，A不亚于B/A和B一样”，故填as。
语块 do sth. from scratch 从零开始做某事
答案与解析
6.versions 考查名词的数。此处是there be 句式，谓语是are，此处指北方的厚皮的馄饨，故空处所填名词用复数形式,填versions。thick-skinned adj. 皮厚的 反义词：thin-skinned。
7.silky 考查词形转换。空处作定语,修饰名词wrappers (馄饨皮)，应用形容词作定语，表“丝一般的；软的，薄的”，填silky。 wrap v. 包裹； stuffing n. 填充物；(本文)食物里的馅儿。
8.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，该句主语是the Hong Kong style，故谓语用三单，且此处指客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填is。arguably adv. 按理；可论证地。
答案与解析
9.richer 考查形容词的比较级。空处修饰名词dough,应用形容词,空后是more supple，故此处用比较级，填richer。
10.the 考查冠词。promise在本句中意为“吉兆；迹象”, 此处特指长寿的吉兆，故填定冠词the。 the promise of something “预示着将带来……”。wiry adj. (本文)又结实又细的。
答案与解析
