选择性必修第一册 UNIT 5
阅读A (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 体裁:议论文 主题语境:环境保护 难度:★★★☆☆
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “If food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world. ”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
1.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
2.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
3.What does Curtin’s company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
4.What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
阅读B (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术 难度:★★★☆☆
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
5.What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
6.What information does the convenient app offer
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
7.What can be concluded about BMF employees
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness.
8.What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
语法填空 (2025·泉州一模) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术与农业 难度:★★★☆☆
Located in Zhejiang Province in southeastern China, Qingtian County is surrounded by mountains and seems unsuitable for farming. 1.__________ (overcome) the geographical limitations, the locals innovated the practice of raising fish in rice fields.
The rice-fish symbiosis (共生) system employs 2.__________ sustainable model where fish consume insects and weeds, and fish waste fertilizes (施肥) the fields, 3.__________ (achieve) double control of fertilizers and pesticides (农药). This method promotes the recycling of internal waste and 4.__________ (reduce) the carbon footprint by 43 percent compared to conventional rice farming. It is a great example of integrating green and low-carbon 5.__________ (principle) into modern, efficient ecological agriculture.
In June 2005, this system 6.__________ (include) to the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems list by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 7.__________ was a first for both China and Asia. It has also encouraged overseas Chinese to return home to 8.__________ (active) start businesses. In 2019, Lin Guoping returned to China from the Czech Republic to popularize the 9.__________ (tradition) technique. He learned it from his mother, the oldest master of the technique. Jin Yuepin, who came back from France, established a rice-fish farming demonstration site and helped win both the rice and the fish national certifications as “green food” 10.__________ their natural qualities and environmental value.
A 本文通过叙述作者一次偶然的浪费食物的故事引出论证的主题——浪费食物不仅是道德问题,还会导致环境问题。文章最后给出建议,希望人们能够减少食物浪费。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I try to be mindful of food ...”和“I had unthinkingly bought way too much”以及工作到很晚和外出就餐可知,作者并非故意浪费食物,而是因日常事务和买多了菜,最终导致食物浪费。作者通过亲身经历想表明我们有时会在不经意间浪费食物。故选B项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes food waste an environmental problem.”可知,浪费食物导致环境问题。故选B项。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen ... which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.”和“by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce”可知,柯廷的公司旨在把捐赠的和有瑕疵的农产品变成健康的食物。故选D项。
4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“by not purchasing more food than necessary”和“by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat”可知,柯廷建议人们不要购买超出必要的食物并且在餐厅就餐时不要让其提供你不会吃的配菜,A项(只买需要的食物)符合柯廷的建议。故选A项。
长难句分析: an
句意:生产无人食用的食物浪费了水、燃料和用来种植它的其他资源。这使食物浪费成为环境问题。
积累
重点词 ①donate vt.捐赠,赠送 ②recover vt.恢复;重新获得
派生词 ①unthinkingly (un-+thinking+-ly) adv.不加思考地 ②unintentionally (un-+intention+-al+-ly) adv.无意地
语块 ①be mindful of想着;考虑到 ②round ... out使……圆满;使……完整
B 本文介绍了一家旨在为人们提供新鲜食材的BMF公司。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.”和“Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more”可知,大部分商店的农产品要经历几周的运输并跨越很长距离才能到达人们的餐桌。BMF公司大大缩短了这一过程。首段末句中的it代指前文的journey,并和选项C中的distance为同义词替换,故选C项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time”可知,有一个便捷的应用程序实时提供(植物的)生长数据,这和B项的意思契合。
7.D 推理判断题。根据文章末段中对BMF公司员工的生活和工作情况的描述以及BMF员工的自述“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment”可知, BMF员工们在日常生活中践行可持续发展,大约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。在办公室里,他们通过限制垃圾桶数量及避免使用一次性塑料的方式鼓励回收利用及减少废物。他们都热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学物质。据此可以推断:BMF公司的员工有着强烈的环保意识,故选D项。
8.A 主旨大意题。文章首段介绍BMF公司缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程,接着第二至四段介绍了BMF的创新设计系统及其优势,最后一段介绍了BMF员工在生活和工作中践行可持续发展。综上所述,文章从各个方面凸显了BMF的优势。
积累
重点词 ①innovative [ n ve t v] adj.创新的;革新的;采用新观念的 ②automated [ t me t d] adj.自动化的
派生词/ 合成词 ①sustainable→sustainability n.可持续性 ②single-use adj.一次性的(single+use)
熟词生义 ①cover vt.走完(一段路程) ②solid adj.可靠的 ③monitor vt.监控,监测
语块 ①when it comes to说到…… ②fresh greens新鲜青菜 ③live out实践,践行 ④be passionate about热衷于 ⑤zero emissions零排放
语法填空
文章介绍了中国浙江省青田县的一种独特的稻鱼共生系统。
1.To overcome 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了克服地理限制,当地人创新了稻田养鱼的做法。此处作目的状语,应用动词不定式,空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填To overcome。
2.a 考查冠词。model为可数名词,此处表泛指, sustainable发音以辅音音素开头,其前用不定冠词a修饰。
3.achieving 考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作状语, The rice-fish symbiosis (共生) system和achieve为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作状语。故填achieving。
4.reduces 考查动词时态。空处和promotes为并列谓语,应用一般现在时,主语为单数名词,谓语动词为第三人称单数形式。故填reduces。
5.principles 考查名词的数。空处作宾语, principle是可数名词,且空前无限定词,空处用其复数形式principles表泛指。故填principles。
6.was included 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“In June 2005”可知,该句用一般过去时,主语this system和include为被动关系,应用被动语态,主语为单数名词,be动词用was。故填was included。
7.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的句子,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导定语从句。
8.actively 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词start,应用副词作状语。故填actively。
9.traditional 考查词形转换。空处修饰名词technique作定语,应用形容词,故填traditional。
10.for 考查介词。句意:从法国归来的金岳品建立了一个稻鱼养殖示范基地,并凭借其天然品质和环境价值,帮助稻米和鱼类均获得了国家“绿色食品”认证。空处表“因为”应用介词for。(共30张PPT)
限时练
选择性必修第一册 UNIT 5
阅读A (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 体裁：议论文 主题语境：环境保护 难度：★★★☆☆
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much； I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “If food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world. ”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat，” Curtin says.
本文通过叙述作者一次偶然的浪费食物的故事引出论证的主题——浪费食物不仅是道德问题,还会导致环境问题。文章最后给出建议，希望人们能够减少食物浪费。
1.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I try to be mindful of food ...”和“I had unthinkingly bought way too much”以及工作到很晚和外出就餐可知，作者并非故意浪费食物，而是因日常事务和买多了菜，最终导致食物浪费。作者通过亲身经历想表明我们有时会在不经意间浪费食物。故选B项。
答案与解析
2.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes food waste an environmental problem.”可知，浪费食物导致环境问题。故选B项。
答案与解析
3.What does Curtin’s company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen ... which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.”和“by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce”可知，柯廷的公司旨在把捐赠的和有瑕疵的农产品变成健康的食物。故选D项。
答案与解析
4.What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“by not purchasing more food than necessary”和“by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat”可知，柯廷建议人们不要购买超出必要的食物并且在餐厅就餐时不要让其提供你不会吃的配菜，A项(只买需要的食物)符合柯廷的建议。故选A项。
答案与解析
长难句分析： an
句意：生产无人食用的食物浪费了水、燃料和用来种植它的其他资源。这使食物浪费成为环境问题。
积累
重点词 ①donate vt.捐赠，赠送 ②recover vt.恢复；重新获得
派生词 ①unthinkingly (un-+thinking+-ly) adv.不加思考地
②unintentionally (un-+intention+-al+-ly) adv.无意地
语块 ①be mindful of想着；考虑到 ②round ... out使……圆满；使……完整
阅读B (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术 难度：★★★☆☆
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
本文介绍了一家旨在为人们提供新鲜食材的BMF公司。
5.What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
It guarantees the variety of food.
B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance.
D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.”和“Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more”可知，大部分商店的农产品要经历几周的运输并跨越很长距离才能到达人们的餐桌。BMF公司大大缩短了这一过程。首段末句中的it代指前文的journey,并和选项C中的distance为同义词替换,故选C项。
答案与解析
6.What information does the convenient app offer
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time”可知，有一个便捷的应用程序实时提供(植物的)生长数据，这和B项的意思契合。
答案与解析
7.What can be concluded about BMF employees
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness.
推理判断题。根据文章末段中对BMF公司员工的生活和工作情况的描述以及BMF员工的自述“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment”可知, BMF员工们在日常生活中践行可持续发展，大约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶数量及避免使用一次性塑料的方式鼓励回收利用及减少废物。他们都热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学物质。据此可以推断：BMF公司的员工有着强烈的环保意识，故选D项。
答案与解析
8.What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
主旨大意题。文章首段介绍BMF公司缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程，接着第二至四段介绍了BMF的创新设计系统及其优势，最后一段介绍了BMF员工在生活和工作中践行可持续发展。综上所述,文章从各个方面凸显了BMF的优势。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 ①innovative [ n ve t v] adj.创新的；革新的；采用新观念的 ②automated [ t me t d] adj.自动化的
派生词/ 合成词 ①sustainable→sustainability n.可持续性 ②single-use adj.一次性的(single+use)
熟词生义 ①cover vt.走完(一段路程) ②solid adj.可靠的 ③monitor vt.监控，监测
语块 ①when it comes to说到…… ②fresh greens新鲜青菜
③live out实践，践行 ④be passionate about热衷于 ⑤zero emissions零排放
语法填空 (2025·泉州一模) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术与农业 难度：★★★☆☆
Located in Zhejiang Province in southeastern China, Qingtian County is surrounded by mountains and seems unsuitable for farming. 1.________________ (overcome) the geographical limitations, the locals innovated the practice of raising fish in rice fields.
The rice-fish symbiosis (共生) system employs 2.__________ sustainable model where fish consume insects and weeds, and fish waste fertilizes (施肥) the fields, 3.__________ (achieve) double control of
To overcome
a
achieving
fertilizers and pesticides (农药). This method promotes the recycling of internal waste and 4.__________ (reduce) the carbon footprint by 43 percent compared to conventional rice farming. It is a great example of integrating green and low-carbon 5.__________ (principle) into modern, efficient ecological agriculture.
In June 2005, this system 6.________________ (include) to the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems list by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 7.__________ was a first for both China and Asia. It has also encouraged overseas Chinese to return
reduces
principles
was included
which
home to 8.__________ (active) start businesses. In 2019, Lin Guoping returned to China from the Czech Republic to popularize the 9.___________ (tradition) technique. He learned it from his mother, the oldest master of the technique. Jin Yuepin, who came back from France, established a rice-fish farming demonstration site and helped win both the rice and the fish national certifications as “green food” 10.__________ their natural qualities and environmental value.
actively
traditional
for
文章介绍了中国浙江省青田县的一种独特的稻鱼共生系统。
1.To overcome 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了克服地理限制，当地人创新了稻田养鱼的做法。此处作目的状语,应用动词不定式，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填To overcome。
2.a 考查冠词。model为可数名词，此处表泛指, sustainable发音以辅音音素开头，其前用不定冠词a修饰。
3.achieving 考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作状语, The rice-fish symbiosis (共生) system和achieve为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填achieving。
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4.reduces 考查动词时态。空处和promotes为并列谓语，应用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词为第三人称单数形式。故填reduces。
5.principles 考查名词的数。空处作宾语, principle是可数名词，且空前无限定词，空处用其复数形式principles表泛指。故填principles。
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6.was included 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“In June 2005”可知，该句用一般过去时，主语this system和include为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was included。
7.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句。
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8.actively 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词start，应用副词作状语。故填actively。
9.traditional 考查词形转换。空处修饰名词technique作定语，应用形容词，故填traditional。
10.for 考查介词。句意：从法国归来的金岳品建立了一个稻鱼养殖示范基地，并凭借其天然品质和环境价值，帮助稻米和鱼类均获得了国家“绿色食品”认证。空处表“因为”应用介词for。
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