选择性必修第三册 UNIT 2
阅读 (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:健康的生活方式 难度:★★★★☆
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
1.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
2.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
3.What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
4.What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
七选五 (2024·全国甲卷) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:健康的生活方式 难度:★★★☆☆
What is moderation (适度) Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 1 But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 2 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, especially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 3
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 4 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
5 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14—16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
语法填空 (外刊原味26) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:健康相关研究 难度:★★★☆☆ | The Times
Spending time outdoors, especially in green spaces, one of the fastest ways to improve your health and happiness, has been shown to 1.__________ (low) stress, blood pressure and heart rate, while encouraging physical activity and boosting mood and mental health.
Now, a new study shows just how little time 2.__________ takes to benefit from being outside. Spending just 20 minutes in a park—even if you don’t exercise while there 3.__________ (be) enough to improve well-being. Researchers surveyed 94 adults 4.__________ (visit) parks over the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers to measure physical activity but were not told what to do in the park or how long 5.__________ (stay). Each person also answered questions about their life 6.__________ (satisfy) and mood—which 7.__________ (use) to calculate a well-being score, with a maximum value of 55—before and after their park visit.
The average park visit lasted 32 minutes, and 30% of people engaged in at least moderate-intensity physical activity while there. Well-being scores rose during the park visit in 60% of people, 8.__________ an average increase of about 1.5 points.
Physical activity was not necessary to increase well-being, the researchers found, though 9.__________ (plenty) research suggests exercise is great for mental health, particularly when it’s done outside. For many people, 10.__________ (simple) being in green space seemed to be enough to spark a change.
阅读
研究发现,锻炼有助于延缓心脏衰老。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘Think of a rubber band ... and easily broken,’ ... That’s what happens to the heart.”可知,橡皮筋开始的时候很柔韧,但放在抽屉里20年以后,会变得干燥和易碎,就像心脏一样,不锻炼就容易老化。由此推断出,Levine借橡皮筋说明心脏老化的过程。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise ... three times a week.”可知,第一组参加无氧运动;根据第三段中的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise ... a week.”可知,第二组参加高强度的有氧运动。综上所述可知,两组运动的类型不一样。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.”可知,第二组参与者在心脏健康方面有明显的改善。再结合第四段中的“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts”可知,中年心脏因为有氧运动变得更年轻。
4.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.”可知,Nieca Goldberg建议做进一步研究。
七选五
本文介绍了一些适度饮食的方法。
1.F 文章开头提出问题“什么是适度 ”,空前两句给出了解释“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full.”(从根本上说,适度意味着你的身体需要多少食物,你就只吃多少。用餐结束时你应该感到满足,但不能太饱),空后又讲到了“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love”(但是这并不意味着你要跟你喜欢的食物说再见),因此空处应承接上文,就适度进行进一步解释,且与空后内容形成转折。F项“对我们很多人来说,适度意味着吃得比平时少”与上下文衔接紧密。F项中的means与上文的means和下文的mean的呼应也是提示。
2.C 根据本段的主旨句“Take your time”可知,本段主要围绕“不着急,慢慢来”展开,且空后讲到了“It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food,so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full”(你的大脑需要花费几分钟告诉你的身体它已经摄入了足够的食物,因此要慢点吃,在你感觉饱之前就停下来),C项“不要在上班的路上狼吞虎咽”符合语境。
3.E 空前讲到了“And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies.”(注意你手边的食物。如果你有不健康的零食随时可食用,比如饼干,那么适度饮食就更具挑战性了),因此空处应也与适度饮食的正确做法有关。E项“相反,让自己置身于健康的选择中”承接上文,故选E项。
4.B 空后讲到了“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom”(我们中有许多人还借助食物应对不愉快的情绪,比如悲伤、孤独或无聊),根据also可知,空处应也与人们吃东西的目的有关。B项“我们并不总是为了充饥而吃东西”符合语境,且能引出下文。故选B项。
5.A 结合空处的位置可知,此处考查的是段落主旨句。根据空后的“A healthy breakfast”“Avoid eating late at night”“Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning.”可知,本段主要讲的是从早到晚如何合理饮食。A项“全天合理饮食”是对本段的概括和总结。
积累
①at hand在手边 ②at the ready随时可用 ③give up on sth.对某事不再抱希望;放弃某事
语法填空
在户外绿色空间有助促进情绪和心理健康。
1.lower 考查词形转换。空前是不定式符号to,空后是名词,语境表“减压、降血压和降低心率”,故空处填动词, low的动词形式是lower。
2.it 考查固定句式。此处是固定句式it takes time to do sth. “花时间做某事”,故填it。
3.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语,该句主语是动名词短语Spending just 20 minutes in a park, 谓语用单数形式, even if引导的从句谓语是一般现在时,故主句用一般现在时,填is。
4.visiting 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语surveyed,空处用非谓语, adults与visit是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作后置定语,填visiting。
5.to stay 考查非谓语动词。此处是“疑问词+to do”作told的宾语,故填to stay。
6.satisfaction 考查词形转换。空处作介词about的宾语,且空前是形容词性物主代词their,故填名词satisfaction。
7.were used 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰名词questions,从句谓语用复数形式, questions与use是被动关系,故用被动语态,主句是一般过去时,故从句用一般过去时的被动语态,填were used。
8.with 考查介词。空后是名词短语,空处填介词,结合语境“有平均1.5分的增长”可知,此处填介词with。
9.plentiful 考查词形转换。修饰名词research,应用形容词作定语,表“大量的;众多的;充足的;丰富的”,故填plentiful。
10.simply 考查词形转换。空处修饰非谓语动词being,应用副词作状语,故填simply。(共28张PPT)
限时练
选择性必修第三册 UNIT 2
阅读 (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：健康的生活方式 难度：★★★★☆
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken，” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what
happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.
After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts，” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility，” Levine says. “We
put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
研究发现，锻炼有助于延缓心脏衰老。
1.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘Think of a rubber band ... and easily broken，’ ... That’s what happens to the heart.”可知，橡皮筋开始的时候很柔韧，但放在抽屉里20年以后，会变得干燥和易碎，就像心脏一样，不锻炼就容易老化。由此推断出，Levine借橡皮筋说明心脏老化的过程。
答案与解析
2.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise ... three times a week.”可知，第一组参加无氧运动；根据第三段中的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise ... a week.”可知，第二组参加高强度的有氧运动。综上所述可知，两组运动的类型不一样。
答案与解析
3.What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.”可知，第二组参与者在心脏健康方面有明显的改善。再结合第四段中的“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts”可知，中年心脏因为有氧运动变得更年轻。
答案与解析
4.What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
Making use of the findings.
B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research.
D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.”可知，Nieca Goldberg建议做进一步研究。
答案与解析
七选五 (2024·全国甲卷) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：健康的生活方式 难度：★★★☆☆
What is moderation (适度) Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 1 But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 2 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your
body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, especially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 3
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 4 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can
regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
5 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14—16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
本文介绍了一些适度饮食的方法。
1.F 文章开头提出问题“什么是适度 ”，空前两句给出了解释“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full.”(从根本上
说，适度意味着你的身体需要多少食物，你就只吃多少。用餐结束时你应该感到满足，但不能太饱)，空后又讲到了“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love”(但是这并不意味着你要跟你喜欢的食物说再见)，因此空处应承接上文，就适度进行进一
答案与解析
步解释，且与空后内容形成转折。F项“对我们很多人来说，适度意味着吃得比平时少”与上下文衔接紧密。F项中的means与上文的means和下文的mean的呼应也是提示。
2.C 根据本段的主旨句“Take your time”可知，本段主要围绕“不着急，慢慢来”展开，且空后讲到了“It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food，so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full”(你的大脑需要花费几分钟告诉你的身体它已经摄入了足够的食物,因此要慢点吃,在你感觉
答案与解析
饱之前就停下来)，C项“不要在上班的路上狼吞虎咽”符合语境。
3.E 空前讲到了“And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies.”(注意你手边的食物。如果你有不健康的零食随时可食用，比如饼干，那么适度饮食就更具挑战性了)，因此空处应也与适度饮食的正确做法有关。E项“相反，让自己置身于健康的选择中”承接上文，故选E项。
4.B 空后讲到了“Many of us also turn to food to deal with
答案与解析
unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom”(我们中有许多人还借助食物应对不愉快的情绪，比如悲伤、孤独或无聊),根据also可知，空处应也与人们吃东西的目的有关。B项“我们并不总是为了充饥而吃东西”符合语境，且能引出下文。故选B项。
5.A 结合空处的位置可知，此处考查的是段落主旨句。根据空后的“A healthy breakfast”“Avoid eating late at night”“Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning.”可知,本段主要讲的是从早到晚如何合理饮食。A项“全天合理饮食”是对本段的概括和总结。
答案与解析
积累
语块 ①at hand在手边 ②at the ready随时可用 ③give up on sth.对某事不再抱希望；放弃某事
语法填空 (外刊原味26) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：健康相关研究 难度：★★★☆☆ | The Times
Spending time outdoors, especially in green spaces, one of the fastest ways to improve your health and happiness, has been shown to 1.__________ (low) stress, blood pressure and heart rate, while encouraging physical activity and boosting mood and mental health.
Now, a new study shows just how little time 2.__________ takes to benefit from being outside. Spending just 20 minutes in a park—even if you don’t exercise while there 3.__________ (be) enough to improve
lower
it
is
well-being. Researchers surveyed 94 adults 4.__________ (visit) parks over the summer and fall. They were given fitness trackers to measure physical activity but were not told what to do in the park or how long 5.__________ (stay). Each person also answered questions about their life 6.____________ (satisfy) and mood—which 7._____________ (use) to calculate a well-being score, with a maximum value of 55—before and after their park visit.
visiting
to stay
satisfaction
were used
The average park visit lasted 32 minutes, and 30% of people engaged in at least moderate-intensity physical activity while there. Well-being scores rose during the park visit in 60% of people, 8.__________ an average increase of about 1.5 points.
Physical activity was not necessary to increase well-being, the researchers found, though 9.__________ (plenty) research suggests exercise is great for mental health, particularly when it’s done outside. For many people, 10.__________ (simple) being in green space seemed to be enough to spark a change.
with
plentiful
simply
在户外绿色空间有助促进情绪和心理健康。
1.lower 考查词形转换。空前是不定式符号to，空后是名词，语境表“减压、降血压和降低心率”，故空处填动词, low的动词形式是lower。
2.it 考查固定句式。此处是固定句式it takes time to do sth. “花时间做某事”，故填it。
答案与解析
3.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓
语，该句主语是动名词短语Spending just 20 minutes in a park, 谓语用单数形式, even if引导的从句谓语是一般现在时，故主句用一般现在时，填is。
4.visiting 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语surveyed，空处用非谓语, adults与visit是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，填visiting。
答案与解析
5.to stay 考查非谓语动词。此处是“疑问词+to do”作told的宾语，故填to stay。
6.satisfaction 考查词形转换。空处作介词about的宾语，且空前是形容词性物主代词their，故填名词satisfaction。
7.were used 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰名词questions，从句谓语用复数形式, questions与use是被动关系，故用被动语态，主句是一般过去时，故从句用一般过去时的被动语态，填were used。
答案与解析
8.with 考查介词。空后是名词短语，空处填介词，结合语境“有平均1.5分的增长”可知，此处填介词with。
9.plentiful 考查词形转换。修饰名词research，应用形容词作定
语，表“大量的；众多的；充足的；丰富的”，故填plentiful。
10.simply 考查词形转换。空处修饰非谓语动词being，应用副词作状语，故填simply。
答案与解析
