选择性必修第四册 UNIT 5
阅读 (2023·北京高考) 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:职业 难度:★★★☆
Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday, I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you ...” and my vision blurred. The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme—had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
1.How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name
A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.
2.After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to .
A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
3.According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was .
A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing
4.What can we learn from this passage
A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.
C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.
七选五 (2025·南充一诊) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:生活与学习 难度:★★☆☆
It can be challenging to force yourself to start a bunch of productive habits out of nowhere. Luckily, with a few minor changes, anyone can set the stage for success. 1 . With the right attitude and a little effort, you’ll be crossing tasks off of your to-do list faster than you can write them out!
Use a daily planner
2 . Being productive has more to do with organization than effort, so put 5~10 minutes aside every night (or morning) to map out how you’re going to spend the day ahead of you.
Complete important tasks before lunch
Most people are more productive in the morning, so do key tasks early. If you want to pitch a new service to a few important clients, make those calls before noon. If you’re struggling to maintain your energy later in the day and you aren’t at work, take a short rest. 3 .
Declutter your home or workspace
A clean desk and an organized home will help you stay focused. 4 . At the end of each day, spend a few minutes throwing out the trash, putting things away, and organizing your workspace or home to get rid of clutter.
5
It’s hard to be productive if you think you’re doing something pointless. Start pushing yourself to find the significance in every single thing you do before you start. If you walk around all day feeling like you’re wasting your time, you’re never going to get anything done!
A. Find the value in the boring stuff
B. Reward yourself for building habits
C. Mapping your day out will keep you focused on what’s important
D. All it takes is a little bit of preparation and a healthy dose of positive thinking
E. A 20-minute nap is a great way to put yourself back into a productive headspace
F. It may be hard to push through that first week if you aren’t used to doing something
G. Chaos has a way of drawing your attention away from whatever task you’re trying to do
语法填空 (外刊原味33) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:职业 难度:★★★☆☆ | The Economist
Past research has found that female doctors tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide 1.__________ (prevent) care and tend to stick more 2.__________ (close) to clinical guidelines than their male colleagues do. This could minimise the risk of deaths.
The 3.__________ (benefit) of having a female physician appear to be greatest for female patients. One of the papers that 4.__________ (publish) by the Boston researchers in April this year found that although older patients of either gender were less likely to die after treatment by a female doctor, 5.__________ effect was far larger for female patients (3%) than it was for male ones (around 0.8%). A study of heart-attack patients in Florida from 2018 found the same general trend, as did an 6.__________ (analyze) of surgery patients by the Canadian researchers in 2021. In the latter study, women operated 7.__________ by female surgeons were 25% less likely to die than those 8.__________ (treat) by male ones.
Part of the explanation may be 9.__________ female physicians understand the needs of female patients better than their male peers. Female patients report better communication and stronger bond with female doctors, for example. 10.__________ (understand) why such differences in care arise will help all doctors improve their practice.
阅读
文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会,告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“亲爱的格林先生,感谢您的关注”“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“‘我们很抱歉地通知你……’我的视线模糊了”可知,作者收到的是被拒绝的邮件,所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“她提出的建议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋,但我打算全力以赴”可知,与德文教授交谈后,作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的叙述“这个项目在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后,我有了新的科学兴趣去追求”可推知,机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。故选B。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会,即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美,也要充分利用,而不是一成不变地制订计划”结合文章中作者被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会,文章告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。故C项“拒绝可以是重新定向”最符合文章的主旨。
积累
①jump at the chance欣然接受机会 ②set in stone不可改变 ③make the most of充分利用
七选五
本文讲述了一些养成富有成效的习惯的策略建议。
1.D 上文“强迫自己突然养成一些富有成效的习惯是很有挑战性的。幸运的是,只要做一些小的改变,任何人都可以为成功奠定基础。”说明只要做出一点小的改变就可以养成有效的习惯,为成功奠定基础;D项“所需要的只是一点点准备和健康的积极思考”承接上文,说明只需一些准备和积极的心态就能为成功奠定基础,符合语境。
2.C 根据标题“Use a daily planner (利用每日记事簿)”和下文“高效的工作更多的是与组织有关,而不是努力,所以每天晚上(或早上)留出5-10分钟做好一天的规划。”可知,本段介绍良好规划有助实现高效率;C项“规划好你的一天会让你专注于重要的事情”符合语境,选项中的“Mapping your day out”与下文中“map out how you’re going to spend the day ahead of you”语意相同。故选C。
3.E 上文“大多数人在早上效率更高,所以要早点完成主要任务。如果你想向几个重要客户推销一项新服务,那就在中午之前打电话。如果你在一天的晚些时候努力保持精力,而你又不忙,那就休息一会儿。”提到在一天中午前完成重要任务,午后低效时可休息;E项“20分钟的小睡是让自己回到高效思维状态的好方法”承接上文休息一下的建议,指出小睡能够恢复精力,符合语境。
4.G 根据上文“干净的桌子和整洁的家有助保持专注”和下文“在每天结束时,花几分钟时间扔掉垃圾,把东西收拾好,整理一下工作空间或家里,摆脱混乱。”可知,整洁的工作环境和家有助保持专注;G项“混乱总有办法把你的注意力从你正在做的事情上引开”指出混乱会分散任务注意力,进一步说明有序的环境有利集中注意力,符合语境。
5.A 空处为段落小标题。根据下文内容“如果你认为自己在做一些毫无意义的事情,你很难有成效。在开始做每一件事前,强迫自己找到它的意义。如果你整天都觉得自己在浪费时间,那你将一事无成!”可知,本段强调在每项工作开始之前发现其意义,完成有意义的事能提高效率;A项“从无聊的东西中寻找价值”建议找到无聊事情中的价值,能概括本段主旨。
积累
cross off (从名单或清单上)画掉,删掉 out of nowhere突然
语法填空
女性比男性更适合做医生吗 研究表明女医生治疗的病人死亡率比男医生治疗的死亡率低。
1.preventive 考查词形转换。空处修饰名词care,应用形容词作定语,表“预防性的”,填形容词preventive。
2.closely 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词短语stick to,应用副词,表“密切地;仔细地”,填副词closely与空前的more构成比较级。
3.benefits 考查名词的数。空处作主语,且本句谓语是appear,故填复数名词benefits。
4.were published 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在从句中作谓语,关系词that与谓语publish为被动关系,应用被动语态,句中时间状语是in April this year,谓语用一般过去时,先行词One of the papers,从句谓语用复数,故填were published。
5.the 考查冠词。此处特指前面提到的效果、结果,应用定冠词the。
6.analysis 考查词形转换。空前是冠词an,空后是介词of,故填名词。
7.on 考查动词短语。此处是动词短语operate on sb. “给某人做手术”,故填介词on。
8.treated 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语,空处应填非谓语, treat与those是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语,填treated。
9.that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知, “ 9 physicians understand the needs of female patients better than their male peers”是表语从句,从句在结构和意义上均完整,应用that引导表语从句。
10.Understanding 考查非谓语动词。空处作主语,应用动名词,且空处置于句首,首字母大写,故填Understanding。(共28张PPT)
限时练
选择性必修第四册 UNIT 5
阅读 (2023·北京高考) 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：职业 难度：★★★ ☆
Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday, I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off： “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you ...” and my vision blurred. The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme—had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult.
But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。
1.How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name
A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”
“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“‘我们很抱歉地通知你……’我的视线模糊了”可知，作者收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。
答案与解析
2.After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to .
A. criticise the review process
B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C. apply to the original project again
D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“她提出的建议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我打算全力以赴”可知，与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。故选D。
答案与解析
3.According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was
.
A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing
推理判断题。根据第四段中的叙述“这个项目在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科学兴趣去追求”可推知，机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。故选B。
答案与解析
4.What can we learn from this passage
A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.
C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地制订计划”结合文章中作者被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，文章告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。故C项“拒绝可以是重新定向”最符合文章的主旨。
答案与解析
积累
语块 ①jump at the chance欣然接受机会 ②set in stone不可改变 ③make the most of充分利用
七选五 (2025·南充一诊) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：生活与学习 难度：★★ ☆☆
It can be challenging to force yourself to start a bunch of productive habits out of nowhere. Luckily, with a few minor changes, anyone can set the stage for success. 1 . With the right attitude and a little effort, you’ll be crossing tasks off of your to-do list faster than you can write them out!
Use a daily planner
2 . Being productive has more to do with organization than
effort, so put 5~10 minutes aside every night (or morning) to map out how you’re going to spend the day ahead of you.
Complete important tasks before lunch
Most people are more productive in the morning, so do key tasks early. If you want to pitch a new service to a few important clients, make those calls before noon. If you’re struggling to maintain your energy later in the day and you aren’t at work, take a short rest. 3 .
Declutter your home or workspace
A clean desk and an organized home will help you stay focused.
4 . At the end of each day, spend a few minutes throwing out the trash, putting things away, and organizing your workspace or home to get rid of clutter.
5
It’s hard to be productive if you think you’re doing something pointless. Start pushing yourself to find the significance in every single thing you do before you start. If you walk around all day feeling like you’re wasting your time, you’re never going to get anything done!
A. Find the value in the boring stuff
B. Reward yourself for building habits
C. Mapping your day out will keep you focused on what’s important
D. All it takes is a little bit of preparation and a healthy dose of positive thinking
E. A 20-minute nap is a great way to put yourself back into a productive headspace
F. It may be hard to push through that first week if you aren’t used to doing something
G. Chaos has a way of drawing your attention away from whatever task you’re trying to do
本文讲述了一些养成富有成效的习惯的策略建议。
1.D 上文“强迫自己突然养成一些富有成效的习惯是很有挑战性的。幸运的是，只要做一些小的改变，任何人都可以为成功奠定基础。”说明只要做出一点小的改变就可以养成有效的习惯，为成功奠定基础；D项“所需要的只是一点点准备和健康的积极思考”承接上文，说明只需一些准备和积极的心态就能为成功奠定基础，符合语境。
答案与解析
2.C 根据标题“Use a daily planner (利用每日记事簿)”和下文“高效的工作更多的是与组织有关，而不是努力，所以每天晚上(或早上)留出5-10分钟做好一天的规划。”可知，本段介绍良好规划有助实现高效率；C项“规划好你的一天会让你专注于重要的事情”符合语境，选项中的“Mapping your day out”与下文中“map out how you’re going to spend the day ahead of you”语意相同。故选C。
答案与解析
3.E 上文“大多数人在早上效率更高,所以要早点完成主要任务。如果你想向几个重要客户推销一项新服务，那就在中午之前打电话。如果你在一天的晚些时候努力保持精力，而你又不忙，那就休息一会儿。”提到在一天中午前完成重要任务，午后低效时可休息；E项“20分钟的小睡是让自己回到高效思维状态的好方法”承接上文休息一下的建议，指出小睡能够恢复精力，符合语境。
答案与解析
4.G 根据上文“干净的桌子和整洁的家有助保持专注”和下文“在每天结束时，花几分钟时间扔掉垃圾，把东西收拾好，整理一下工作空间或家里，摆脱混乱。”可知，整洁的工作环境和家有助保持专注；G项“混乱总有办法把你的注意力从你正在做的事情上引开”指出混乱会分散任务注意力，进一步说明有序的环境有利集中注意力，符合语境。
答案与解析
5.A 空处为段落小标题。根据下文内容“如果你认为自己在做一些毫无意义的事情，你很难有成效。在开始做每一件事前，强迫自己找到它的意义。如果你整天都觉得自己在浪费时间，那你将一事无成!”可知，本段强调在每项工作开始之前发现其意义，完成有意义的事能提高效率；A项“从无聊的东西中寻找价值”建议找到无聊事情中的价值，能概括本段主旨。
答案与解析
积累
cross off (从名单或清单上)画掉，删掉
out of nowhere突然
语法填空 (外刊原味33) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：职业 难度：★★★☆☆ | The Economist
Past research has found that female doctors tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide 1.__________ (prevent) care and tend to stick more 2.__________ (close) to clinical guidelines than their male colleagues do. This could minimise the risk of deaths.
The 3.__________ (benefit) of having a female physician appear to be greatest for female patients. One of the papers that 4._______________ (publish) by the Boston researchers in April this year found that although
preventive
closely
benefits
were published
older patients of either gender were less likely to die after treatment by a female doctor, 5.__________ effect was far larger for female patients (3%) than it was for male ones (around 0.8%). A study of heart-attack patients in Florida from 2018 found the same general trend, as did an 6.__________ (analyze) of surgery patients by the Canadian researchers in 2021. In the latter study, women operated 7.__________ by female surgeons were 25% less likely to die than those 8.__________ (treat) by male ones.
the
analysis
on
treated
Part of the explanation may be 9.__________ female physicians understand the needs of female patients better than their male peers. Female patients report better communication and stronger bond with female doctors, for example. 10.________________ (understand) why such differences in care arise will help all doctors improve their practice.
that
Understanding
女性比男性更适合做医生吗 研究表明女医生治疗的病人死亡率比男医生治疗的死亡率低。
1.preventive 考查词形转换。空处修饰名词care，应用形容词作定语，表“预防性的”，填形容词preventive。
2.closely 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词短语stick to，应用副词，表“密切地；仔细地”，填副词closely与空前的more构成比较级。
3.benefits 考查名词的数。空处作主语，且本句谓语是appear，故填复数名词benefits。
答案与解析
4.were published 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在从句中作谓语，关系词that与谓语publish为被动关系，应用被动语
态，句中时间状语是in April this year，谓语用一般过去时，先行词One of the papers，从句谓语用复数，故填were published。
5.the 考查冠词。此处特指前面提到的效果、结果，应用定冠词the。
答案与解析
6.analysis 考查词形转换。空前是冠词an，空后是介词of，故填名词。
7.on 考查动词短语。此处是动词短语operate on sb. “给某人做手术”，故填介词on。
8.treated 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语，空处应填非谓语, treat与those是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语,填treated。
答案与解析
9.that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知, “ 9 female physicians understand the needs of female patients better than their male peers”是表语从句，从句在结构和意义上均完整，应用that引导表语从句。
10.Understanding 考查非谓语动词。空处作主语，应用动名词，且空处置于句首，首字母大写，故填Understanding。
答案与解析
