Unit 3 Sea Exploration 语法课件(共40张PPT) 2025-2026学年人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

(共40张PPT)
不定式用法
复习
专题
专题
Lead-in
Ⅰ
The aim of the journey to the west is _________ (get) the Buddhist scripture.
to get
The ambition of Monkey King is
_______________________ .
to protect his master
What’s the ambition of Monkey King
The dream of Pigsy is
_________________ .
to date girls
What’s the dream of Pigsy
The duty of Sandy is
_______________________ .
to carry the luggage
What’s the duty of Sandy
What the monsters want to do is
___________________ .
to eat the master
What do the monsters want to do
非谓语动词
不定式to do
现在分词V-ing
过去分词V-ed
不定式的构成（时态/语态）
Ⅱ
一、动词不定式的构成
基本形式: (not) to do
不定式的时态、语态 时态 主动式 被动式
一般
进行
完成
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
● to do 表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作 _______ 发生或
在其 _______ 发生。
① I asked him to attend the meeting.
② The theme park, to be opened in 2025, will attract people
all over the country.
同时
之后
一般式：to do / to be done
01
Conclusion 1
一、动词不定式的时态与语态
① He seems to be reading English poems.
② He seems to be thinking deeply, without noticing me
passing him.
● to be doing 强调动作正在进行, 或与谓语动词动作__________。
同时发生
进行式：to be doing
02
Conclusion 2
一、动词不定式的时态与语态
① He is said to have translated the book into English last year.
② He claimed to have been badly treated in the supermarket when
he was doing shopping yesterday.
● to have done 表示的动作在谓语动词 __________ 发生。
之前
完成式：to have done / to have been done
03
Conclusion 3
一、动词不定式的时态与语态
Summary：动词不定式的时态与语态
时 态 主 动 被 动 意 义
一般时
进行时
完成时
to do
to be done
表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
to be doing
表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
to have done
to have been done
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
不定式在句中所充当的成分
Ⅲ
1. 作主语（subject)
4. 作表语 (predicative)
6. 作状语(adverbial)
3. 作宾补 (object complement)
2. 作宾语（object)
5. 作定语（attribute)
考向1　作主语或表语
单句语法填空
1. (2021·全国甲卷) It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是一个句型：It is possible to do ...。分析句子结构可知，句首的“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故填to walk。
to walk
2. (2019·全国III卷) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ______ (get) there.
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，作主语代替形式主语it。故填to get。
to get
3. (新课标全国Ⅰ) It took years of work __________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为It takes/took + 时间 + to do sth.。
to reduce
1. 作主语：不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
To see is to believe．
Not to get there in time is your fault.
一、不定式作主语（subject)
2. 当不定式短语太长，常用it作形式主语，将to do放在谓语之后。
句型1：It + 谓语 + to do
句型2：It’s + n + to do
句型3：It is adj for(性质) / of (品质) sb to do sth
It takes us an hour _______ (get) there by bus.
to get
It is a great honor _________ (spend) our holiday together.
to spend
It is easy ______ me to finish this work before ten.
It is very kind _____ you to give me some help.
for
of
作表语 (predicative)
不定式作表语，常放在系动词(be动词)或seem, remain, keep等
连系动词 之后
He seems to be ill.
Her wish is to be a teacher.
We are to meet at the station at three.
What we want to do is to watch a movie.
不定式作表语时表示的动作往往是具体的、 一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。通常主语是表示“目的愿望，梦想，需求” 等的名词或what引导的主语从句。
考向2　动词不定式作宾语或补足语
单句语法填空
1. (2024年全国高考甲卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。
to catch
重温高考真题
3. (2023·全国I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether ______ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill ......
【解析】考查非谓语动词。decide whether to do sth.“决定是否做某事”，用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
4. (2023·全国I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式。故填to be lifted。
to bite
to be lifted
二、不定式作宾语（object)
只能接动词不定式(作宾语)的常见动词：
决心学会想希望， 拒绝设法愿假装
主动答应选计划， 同意请求帮一帮
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish;
refuse, manage, care, pretend
offer, promise, choose, plan;
agree, ask/beg, help
2. 在find/feel/make/think/ consider + it + adj./n. + to do sth. 句型中，
it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
1.We thought ____ better ________ (start) early.
2. Do you consider ____ better not _______ (go)
3. I feel ____ my duty ___________ (change) all that.
it
it
it
to change
to start
to go
不定式作宾语补足语（object complement)
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause (导致), expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite, order, wish,want, warn, remind
promise, permit, persuade, request …
sb to do
1. 在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如：
ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order,
warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等.
用于使役动词 let, make 和 have后面；
用于感官动词 feel, hear, see 和 watch 等后面
注意：当这类动词转为 时，其后的不定式则要加 “to”。
We often hear he ________(sing) the song.
He is often heard ________ (sing) the song.
2. We see him _______(enter) the room.
He was seen _________ (enter) the room.
to sing
to enter
被动语态
sing
enter
2. 不带to的不定式:
考向3　作定语
单句语法填空
1. (2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作定语修饰名词step，所以用动词不定式，故填to journey。
to journey
2. (四川) For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something ______ (eat)!
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！不定式to eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词something。故填to eat。
to eat
1. 序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，常用不定式修饰
The next train to arrive was from Shenzhen.
He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.
2.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的名词有：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
Their decision to leave was very annoying.
三、 作定语 (attribute)
考向4　作状语
单句语法填空
1. (2024·新课标全国II卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international __ (visibility), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _______ (find) the connection between the two great writers.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
to find
2. (2024年1月浙江高考卷) However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra __________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空白处句子意为：然而，如果你正在为自己一人购物，仅仅为了享受价格折扣而多买是不明智的。根据句意及句子结构可知，空白处应用动词不定式作 buying extra 的目的状语。
to benefit
1) I came here to see you．
2) We were very excited to hear the news．
3) He hurried to the school only to find nobody there.
4) To look at him, you would like him．
(目的)
(原因)
(结果)
(条件)
四、作状语 (adverbial)
1. 不定式作状语时，可以表示动作发生的原因、目的、结果、条件
________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
2. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _______ (find) it didn’t fit.
3. This machine is very easy ___________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
To make
to find
to operate
Practice and apply
Ⅲ
1. It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. (2021全国甲)
2. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and
accommodations aim __ (have) a low impact on the natural
environment. (2021 全国乙)
3. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings
show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention. (2021北京)
4. Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the
local baker ________ (teach) her all the skills. (2021 天津)
to walk
to have
to invest
to teach
Fill in the blanks with the correct form.
5. You are said ____________________ (write) a new novel these years.
Have you finished it
6. She was very busy and had no time _________ (visit) her friends.
7. The market was noisy, so the man had to speak loudly in order
____________ (hear).
8. She pretended _______________ (know) me before and greeted me
warmly.
9. The flu is believed ____________ (cause) by viruses that like to
reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
10. The old lady was heard ____________ (unlock) the door and go out.
to have been writing
to visit
to be heard
to have known
to be caused
to unlock
Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks. (P29 Ex. 3)
Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. The ocean is too deep ___________ (measure). We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare ______ (see) the most unique flowers and plants ________ (dance) in the fast-moving water. In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King's castle,
to measure
to see
dancing
which has walls of coral and a roof ________ (form) of
beautiful shells. The mother of the king, a wise woman
who is proud _______ (be) born into the royal family,
takes care of his six daughters. Among the six sea-princesses,
the youngest is the prettiest. Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters. The most common way for the princesses _______ (play) all day long is ___________ (swim) in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls, feeding and touching the fish __________ (swim) up to their hands through the windows. They seem _____________ (not worry) about anything, except for the youngest, who…
formed
to be
to play
swimming
not to worry
swimming
完成以下句子。
1.海伦在几天前借了我的书，答应我会马上还给我。
Helen Borrowed my book the other day, and she
______________________.
2. 解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。
The best way ___________________ is to depend
on yourself.
3. 过中秋节的时候，家人们通常会团聚在一起吃饭，赏月和品尝月饼。
During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members
often gather together __________________________
________________________.
promised to return it soon
to solve the problem
to share a meal, admire the
moon and enjoy moon cakes
4.对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。
It's difficult for us ________________.
5. 我为自己是个中国人而骄傲。
I'm proud ________________.
6. 他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。
He came here _____________________________.
7. 她是第一个获得这奖项的人。
She was the first person ______________________.
8. 李老师建议我们暑假读些英语小说。
Miss Li advised us ___________________________
during the summer holiday.
to finish the work
to be a Chinese
to attend an important meeting
to be awarded this prize
to read some English novels
专题
Thanks