上海市2023年高考真题英语试卷（含答案，无听力音频无听力原文）
文档属性
| 名称 | 上海市2023年高考真题英语试卷（含答案，无听力音频无听力原文） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 102.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-06-23 16:14:50 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
2023年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Every morning at 6: 00. B. Every Thursday afternoon.
C. Every day at 6:00 p.m. D. Every Tuesday morning.
2. A. Dishwasher. B. Dryer.
C. Kitchen appliances. D. His own lamps.
3. A. She can bear walking dogs. B. Rabbits suit her lifestyle most
C. She prefers rabbits to cats. D. She doesn’t like cats.
4.
A. The music in the next room disturbed his rest.
B. The room he lives in is leaking water.
C. He wants the front desk staff to help him order takeout.
D. He encountered danger in his own room.
5.
A. Take some guitar lessons. B. Go to France.
C. Spend more time at work. D. Eat more chocolates.
6.
A. Reading a book is better than seeing a movie.
B. Seeing a movie doesn’t deserve the money.
C. Joining a book club is economical.
D. It’s never too later to read books.
7.
A. Eat more natural food. B. Eat more packaged food.
C. Eat less vegetable sticks. D. Eat more chips.
8.
A. It’s hot to have a spring outing now.
B. It’s strange to postpone the spring outing.
C. It is wise to postpone the spring outing.
D. It may be colder at the end of this month.
9.
A. They should have arrived an hour earlier.
B. He doesn’t enjoy the design of the fireworks
C. The fireworks show started an hour later than planned
D. The experience was far from satisfactory
10.
A. The man is worth the promotion.
B. The man's work is finally recognized
C. The man is the best fit for the position
D. The man has been undervalued
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only one the four possible answers on your paper and decide which o you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
11.
A. To avoid fire accidents. B. To avoid smoke and noise.
C. To accommodate more rubbish. D. To make room for activities.
12.
A. They were usually stored underground to keep them fresh.
B. They were kept in refrigerators to prevent them going bad.
C. They were transported from the kitchen to save time.
D. They were picked fresh from the castle garden as needed.
13.
A. Life in Europe. B. The castle kitchen.
C Food in the castle D. Developments of castles.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14.
A. It is more economical and more efficient.
B. It is more popular and more effective
C. It is more difficult and more valuable.
D. It is more complicated and more excellent
15.
A. Brand messages in online video ads.
B. Non-brand contents in online video ads.
C. Brand messages in TV ads.
D. Non-brand contents in TV ads.
16.
A. The importance of brands. B. A new e-book guide.
C. Digital advertising. D. Strategies of advertising.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17.
A. She is misunderstood by her friend.
B. She isn’t getting along well with her roommate.
C. She has trouble making new friends in new places.
D. She doesn’t want to be friends with Mary any more
18.
A. She doesn’t like being friends with Jane.
B. She makes Jane feel bad on purpose.
C. She fails to do part of her duty.
D. She will surely change her behavior.
19.
A. She can still tolerate Mary.
B. She doesn’t think Mary will change.
C. She is afraid she will offend Mary.
D. She is afraid of losing this friend.
20.
A. Forget about the trivial things.
B. Tell Mary through a third person.
C. Tell Mary directly about her feelings.
D. Don’t be friends with Marry any more.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who _____21_____ (know ) for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning “smoke” in his native tongue. He had come a long way _____22_____ (watch ) over his kingdom, _____23_____ (assume ) the throne (王权) at a young age.
One day, a dispute arose in the kingdom, Two farmers were arguing about the ownership of a piece of land, They could not settle the matter themselves _____24_____ each claimed the land was theirs. The case was brought before King Mosi, who was known for his fair judgments.
The king listened to both sides of the story. He then asked, “Who among you can tell me.how many seeds are in the fruit of the baobab tree ” The farmers looked at each other, puzzled. They did not know the answer.
King Mosi continued , “Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab fruit, you cannot prove _____25_____ this land belongs to. Therefore, I decree that this land shall be shared between you. You will work on it together and share the fruits of your labor equally.”
The farmers were taken aback by the king’s wisdom. They agreed to the king’s decision and thanked him for his fair judgment. From that day forward, they _____26_____ work together on the land and became the best friends.
The people of the kingdom admired King Mosi’s wisdom. They would remain ____27____ ( seat ) for hours, listening to his wise words and learning from his judgments. The story of King Mosi’s wisdom spread far and wide, and he was respected by all who heard about him.
And so, king Mosi continued to rule his kingdom with wisdom and fairness, earning _____28_____ a place in the annals (编年史) of history, His story is a reminder of _____29_____ wisdom can bring ______30______ peace and harmony. It is a story that has been passed down through generations, a testament to King Mosi’s enduring legacy.
This is the story of King Mosi, a wise and just ruler who made a significant impact on his kingdom and its people, His story continues to inspire and teach valuable lessons about leadership and justice.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.unworkable B.indicative C.polar D.promising E.quantity F.requests G.content H. vision I.evaluating J.unmet K.subscribing
Brainstorming is a creative process that can help generate new and innovative ideas to solve complex problems. It involves bringing together individuals from diverse backgrounds and perspectives to share their ideas freely and build upon each other’s contributions. However, to make the most of this process, it is important to create an environment that encourages active participation and collaboration. Here are some key principles to keep in mind when conducting a brainstorming session.
Firstly, it is important to have a clear vision or goal for the brainstorming session. This will help guide the discussion and ensure that all ideas generated are relevant to the topic at hand. Participants should be encouraged to share their thoughts and ideas freely, without fear of judgment or criticism. By ____31____to each other’s ideas, individuals can build on each other’s contributions and create a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.
When ____32____ the quality of ideas generated during a brainstorming session, it is important to consider both the quantity and the ____33____ . While a high quantity of ideas can be beneficial, it is more important to focus on the quality of the ideas and how well they align with the group’s shared vision. Ideas that are ____34____ or irrelevant to the group’s goals should be discarded in favor of those that are more ____35____.
It is also important to honor ____36____ for more information or clarification on a particular idea. This can help the group better evaluate the idea and determine whether it aligns with their shared vision. If an idea is deemed unworkable or needs are____37____ comprehensively, it is important to recognize this and move on to other ideas that may be more feasible.
In addition to evaluating the quality of ideas, it is important to consider the content of the discussion. The brainstorming session should be focused on generating new ideas and solutions rather than rehashing old ones. Participants should be encouraged to think creatively and outside the box, and to avoid getting bogged down in the details.
The ____38____ of ideas generated during a brainstorming session can also be an important factor to consider. While a high quantity of ideas is not always indicative of a successful session, it can help ensure that all possibilities are explored and considered. Participants should be encouraged to generate as many ideas as possible, without worrying about whether they are practical or feasible.
Ultimately, the success of a brainstorming session depends on the group’s ability to work together towards a shared ____39____. By creating a culture of subscribing to each other’s ideas and evaluating them based on their quality and relevance, we can generate innovative solutions to complex problems that benefit society as a whole. Brainstorming is a powerful tool that can help us overcome the ____40____ that plagues our society, and create a more collaborative and creative future.
III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. ___41___, patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent ___42___ when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are ___43___ black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t ___44___, either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about ___45___ uncertainty, not about creating certainty.”
Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be ___46___ working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to ___47___ their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best ___48___ and what the outcomes will be in the long run.”
Technology has helped ___49___ the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more ___50___ diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an ___51___ and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an ___52___ level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.”
On the other hand, computers can’t ___53___ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also ___54___ quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, ___55___, is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.
41. A. On the hand B. Afterwords C. As a result D. Above all
42. A. victim B. instance C. transparency D. certainty
43. A. frequently B. generally C. rarely D. mainly
44. A. adored B. transformed C. faded D. adjusted
45. A. limiting B. hitting C. threatening D. assembling
46. A. compared with B. accounted for C. accustomed to D. annoyed at
47. A. cover B. train C. clarify D. broaden
48. A. identify B. cure C. defend D. cause
49. A. enlighten B. redefine C. commit D. guarantee
50. A. accurate B. plain C. serious D. remedial
51. A. challenge B. encounter C. conversation D. dispute
52. A. dangerous B. maximal C. unfavorable D. contrasting
53. A. stuff B. hint C. communicate D. indicate
54. A. conclude B. understand C. assume D. calculate
55. A. however B. therefore C. moreover D. hence
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. ___56___, patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent ___57___ when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are ___58___ black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t ___59___, either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about ___60___ uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ”
Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be ___61___ working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to ___62___ their inquiry ---- come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best ___63___ and what the outcomes will be in the long run.”
Technology has helped ___64___ the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more ___65___ diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an ___66___ and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an ___67___ level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ”
On the other hand, computers can’t ___68___ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also ___69___ quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, ___70___, is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever (猎犬), Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn’s spirit.
As dawn’s first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the nigh while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged ( 摇摆) his tail, eager for the day’s melodies. Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature’s ideal breezes.
One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard, Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge, Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It twas Finn’s instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety’s shore.
Nestled in u rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm’s fury. Isla whispered tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn’s eager cars, In return , he moved slowly and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories.
When the storm’s rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead.
As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden village hugged them gently. Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild’s temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends.
Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance.
71. What connected Isla to Finn
A. The untouched expanse of wilderness.
B. Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets.
C. Circumstance and shared dreams.
D. The urban noise.
72. What drove Isla into despair
A. A dusk of crimson and purple.
B. A sudden storm.
C. The familiar trails.
D. A rocky embrace.
73. What were the villagers interested in
A. Finn’s confidence and intuition.
B. Isla’s respect for nature.
C. Isla and Finn’s exciting journey
D. The wild’s temptation.
74. What can we learn from the passage
A. Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass.
B. Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore.
C. The villagers wove Isla and Finn’s journey into local legend.
D. Isla and Finn’s real strength lied in conquering harsh environments.
(B)
The Motivated Sequence (序列) of Public Speech
The motivated sequence gets its name partly because it follows john Dewey’s problem solution model for thinking and partly because it makes attractive analyses of these problems and their solutions by tying them to human motives. That is, the motivated sequence is both problem-driven and motivation-centered.
There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence
1.You must get people to attend to some problem, or to feel discomfort strongly enough to want to hear more.
2. You can create more specific wants or desires, a personal sense of need.
3. When wants or needs are created, you can attempt to satisfy them by showing what can be done to solve the problem or relieve the sense of discomfort.
4. Simply describing a course of action may not be enough, so in the fourth place you can visualize the world as it would look if the actions were carried out, and what it might be like if they were not.
5. With that, if you have done these four tasks well, accidence members should be ready to act — to put into practice the proposed solution to their problems.
Five steps Audience response
l.Attention Getting attention I want to listen.
2.Need Showing the need : Describing the solution Something needs to be done.
3.Satisfaction Satisfying the need : presenting the solution This is what to do to satisfy the need.
4.Visualization Visualizing the results _________ _________
5. Action Requesting action or approval I will do this.
The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches. It could be used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Or, you could use it to sell a friend insurance. And you can also use it to talk about social problems, such as the environment and the economic crisis.
75. What do we know about the motivated sequence
A. It is the basic principle of problem-solution model.
B. It has nothing to do with human motivation.
C. It’s both problem-driven and motivation-centered.
D. There are six basic steps in the motivated sequence.
76. What can the motivated sequence be used for
A. A speech urging your classmates to quit a blood donors’ association.
B. A speech to get your friends to promote a blood donors’ association
C. A speech to get your friends to sell insurance.
D. A speech on the environmental and economic crisis.
77. Xiao Wang is trying to persuade his classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Help him draft a speech by putting the following five sentences in the right order based on the motivated sequence.
(1 ) With the steady supply of blood, emergencies will be met with timely treatment
(2)You can help by filling out the blood donors’ cards I am passing out.
(3)Our area is short of blood of all types to meet emergency needs.
(4) A man died last night in a traffic accident because he lost too much blood.
(5)A blood donors’ association guarantees a predictable, steady supply of blood to the medical community.
A (4 ) (3) (5) (1) (2) B. (4 ) (2) (3) (1) (5)
C. (4 ) (5) (3) (1) (2) D. (4 ) (2) (1) (5) (3)
(C)
The universe expands with every passing second, stretching the space between galaxies like dough rising in an oven. But just how fast is this expansion happening As telescopes like Hubble strive to answer this fundamental question, they encounter a perplexing gap between theoretical predictions and observed data.
Hubble’s measurements indicate a faster rate of expansion in the modern universe compared to what was expected based on observations of the universe more than 13 billion years ago by the European Space Agency’s Planck satellite. This inconsistency has been a subject of scientific inquiry for several years. However, it remains uncertain whether differences in measurement techniques or chance variations are responsible for this disparity.
Recent data from the Hubble telescope have significantly reduced the possibility that this discrepancy is merely a statistical fluke, with the chances now estimated at only 1 in 100,000. This marks a substantial improvement from previous estimates, which placed the odds at 1 in 3,000 less than a year ago. These precise measurements from Hubble lend weight to the hypothesis that new physics may be necessary to reconcile the observed mismatch.
Lead researcher Adam Riess, a Nobel laureate from the Space Telescope Science Institute and Johns Hopkins University, describes the tension between the early and late universe as one of the most exciting developments in cosmology in decades. He emphasizes that the growing disparity cannot be dismissed as a random occurrence and suggests that it may signal the need for a deeper understanding of the cosmos.
To determine distances in the universe, scientists rely on a “cosmic distance ladder” method. This involves accurately measuring distances to nearby galaxies and then using progressively distant galaxies as reference points. By observing stars like Cepheid variables, astronomers can calibrate this distance ladder. Riess and his team have been refining these measurements since 2005, aiming to improve our understanding of cosmic distances.
In their latest study, astronomers used Hubble to observe 70 Cepheid variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud. By comparing these stars with their more distant counterparts in galaxies hosting supernovae, they refined their measurement of the Hubble constant, reducing its uncertainty from 2.2% to 1.9%. Despite this increased precision, their calculated Hubble constant remains at odds with the value predicted by observations of the early universe conducted by Planck.
The Planck satellite, which maps the cosmic microwave background – a remnant of the universe’s early stages – provides crucial data for understanding the universe’s expansion. However, the discrepancy between these measurements and those from Hubble underscores the need for further investigation and the potential for new discoveries in cosmology.
78 Where do measurements of the early universe come from
A. The space between galaxies.
B. Measurements from Hubble and other telescopes
C. European Space Agency’s Planck satellite.
D. The latest Hubble data.
79. Which of the following statements is in line with Adam Riess’ opinion
A. The expansion speed of the modern universe is faster than expected
B. New physics may be needed to explain this mismatch.
C. It is unlikely that this discrepancy occurred by chance.
D. Hubble’s tension is the most exciting development in cosmology in decades.
80. What do scientists use to determine the distance of things in the universe
A. A cosmic distance ladder.
B. Accurate measurements of distances.
C. Milepost markers.
D. The Hubble constant.
81. What did Riess’ team do
A. They used the Hubble Space Telescope to observe pulsating stars
B. They improved the comparison between
C. They raised the uncertainty of the Hubble constant to 2.2%
D. They reduced the uncertainty in their Hubble constant value to 1.9.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
The Difference Between Homeschooling and Schooling at Home
Homeschooling is not a new concept, Families have chosen this as a primary source of education for decades. Whether they live in a remote urea, travel often, or believe they can provide a more stable education for their children, parents chose to take control of their child's education by providing it at home.
_____82_____ Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons. Today, there aren’t only more tangible resources, but there’s also help in the form of tutoring centers and homeschooling pods — where a group of homeschooled children get together to learn as a class.
While the idea of homeschooling may not be as foreign as it once was, it’s still centered around replacing the teacher with a parent or guardian. Some parents who choose to homeschool may be former teachers, which makes the process a little easier, but it still may not be enough in certain areas.
_______83_______ When many districts were forced to conduct school online, teachers dove in to learn how to navigate various learning management systems. There are a number of online charter schools who are already familiar with these platforms and use them to assign and track student work and progress. Even with an asynchronous learning model, Laurel Springs School teachers are available during office hours to answer questions and may hold various Classes for additional learning support.
Similar to homeschooling, online school is based around a student’s individualized learning journey. ____84____ This allows them time to pursue other passions and develop a more independent outlook by taking ownership of their education
To take it a few steps further, accredited online schools, like Laurel Springs, support this leaning journey with a diverse K-l2 curriculum and instructional support. There are options for, more rigorous instruction through Honors and Ap courses. The Academy at Laurel Springs Laurel delivers an exceptional education for intellectually curious scholars. _____85_____ Laurel Springs is also staffed with an impeccable counseling team, guiding Upper School students through their learning journey along a path to achieve their personal and professional goals. You can’t get all of this through a homeschool program, unless you consult with a wide variety of other organizations.
A. A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best.
B. Even postgraduate students have the opportunity to take advantage of a competitive program.
C. It’s clear to see how homeschooling, even if done primarily online, isn’t the same as online learning.
D. There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement was fist adopted.
E. One of the main differences between online school and homeschool is that online schools still employ teachers.
F. Many misconceptions may continue to build around the two, including mistaking a stake of digitized worksheets for online classrooms.
IV.Summary Writing
86. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Teenagers should be pulled of the sofa
For many years, scientists thought that the human brain was fully mature before the teen years. They thought that a person's brain growth was complete and the structure was more or less fixed by the age of 3. However, more recent research shows that although the brain reaches its maximum size between the ages of 12 and 14, brain development is not yet complete.
The brain's functionally different sections communicate with each other through synapses- connections between nerve (神经) cells. Scientists have found that synapses grow or die away, depending on how much they are used to process information,
The good news is that teenagers do have the potential, through choice and behavior, to shape their brain development. The brain automatically gets rid of the synapses that it doesn't need in order to make the remaining ones more efficient. During the time the brain is removing synapses, the cells and connections that are used survive, while the ones that are not used die away. For example, if a teenager is doing music, sports or academic studies, those are the cells and connections that will become part of the brain's operating system. But unfortunately, if he or she is lying on the sofa, watching TV and playing computer games, those are the brain cells and connections that will remain into adulthood. Therefore, what you do with your teenage years could have an effect on the rest of your life,
What is important is that learning how synapses grow or die away can help teenagers be better equipped to make more intelligent choices, thus motivating them to take a moment before acting to consider the consequences of their actions. If you don't want to become an adult who is buried in the sofa all day long, pull yourself out of it when you are still a teenager.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
87. 正如预期的那样，艺术节引起了学生对于民俗文化的兴趣（generate）(汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
88. 你是否意识到这个地区的每一个部落有自己的不成文的规则？(aware) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
89. 这家重点实验室将和当地职业学校签订合作协议，为学生提供不一般的互动体验。（sign）(汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
90. 这部电视连续剧剧情围绕某一虚拟的华南城市展开，在剧中汽车工业一直是该城市的骄傲。(where) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
91. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你是明启中学高三学生吴磊，你校英语节即将举行主题为“快乐童年”的展览，邀请每个同学提供一件生活中物品参展，并撰写展品介绍供参观者阅读，要求描述展品以及选择原因。
内容必须包括：
1.对该物品的简要描述；
2.你选择该物品参展的原因。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1-5：BDCAA 6-10:CABDA 11-15:ADBBA 16-20:CBCDC
21. was known
22. to watch
23. assuming
24. because
25. who##whom
26. could 27. seated
28. himself
29. how 30. about
31. K 32. I
33. G 34. A
35. D 36. F
37. J 38. E
39. H 40. C
41. C 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. A 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. A
56. As a result
57. certainty
58. rarely 59. adjusted
60. limiting
61. accustomed to
62. broaden
63. cure 64. redefine
65. accurate
66. challenge
67. maximal
municate
69. calculate
70. however
71. C 72. B 73. C 74. C
75. C 76. D 77. A
78. C 79. C 80. A 81. D
82. D 83. E 84. A 85. B
86.The passage discusses how teenage brain development is not yet complete, contrary to previous beliefs. It emphasizes that teenagers can influence their brain development through their choices and behaviors. Activities like music, sports, and academic studies strengthen brain connections, while sedentary activities like watching TV weaken them. Understanding this can encourage teenagers to make smarter choices for their future.
87. As is expected, Art Festival has generated students’ interest in folk culture.
/As (was) expected, the art festival generated the tourists’/visitors’ interest in folk culture.
88. Have you been aware that every tribe in this area has its own unwritten rules
89. The key laboratory will sign cooperation agreements with local vocational schools, which will bring students an unusual interactive experience.
/The key laboratory/lab will sign a cooperation agreement with local vocational schools to provide students with unusual interactive experiences.
90. This TV series revolves around a fictional city in southern China, where the auto industry has long been a source of pride./The plot of this TV series revolves around a fictional city in southern China, where the auto industry has always been the pride of the city.
91. I’m glad to know that our school is organizing an English festival with the theme “Happy Childhood”, where each student is invited to provide an item from their life to be exhibited. After much consideration, I have decided to exhibit my favorite childhood book, “The Adventures of Peter Rabbit ”
The Adventures of Peter Rabbit is a classic children’s book. It tells the story of a rabbit named Peter and his exciting adventures in McGregor’s Garden. I chose this book for the exhibition because it represents the joy and innocence of my early years. It reminds me of the carefree days of my childhood where I could immerse myself in the enchanting word of stories.
By exhibiting this book, I hope to share the happiness and wonder of my childhood with others. I believe that everyone deserves to experience the joy of a carefree and imaginative childhood.
上海 英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Every morning at 6: 00. B. Every Thursday afternoon.
C. Every day at 6:00 p.m. D. Every Tuesday morning.
2. A. Dishwasher. B. Dryer.
C. Kitchen appliances. D. His own lamps.
3. A. She can bear walking dogs. B. Rabbits suit her lifestyle most
C. She prefers rabbits to cats. D. She doesn’t like cats.
4.
A. The music in the next room disturbed his rest.
B. The room he lives in is leaking water.
C. He wants the front desk staff to help him order takeout.
D. He encountered danger in his own room.
5.
A. Take some guitar lessons. B. Go to France.
C. Spend more time at work. D. Eat more chocolates.
6.
A. Reading a book is better than seeing a movie.
B. Seeing a movie doesn’t deserve the money.
C. Joining a book club is economical.
D. It’s never too later to read books.
7.
A. Eat more natural food. B. Eat more packaged food.
C. Eat less vegetable sticks. D. Eat more chips.
8.
A. It’s hot to have a spring outing now.
B. It’s strange to postpone the spring outing.
C. It is wise to postpone the spring outing.
D. It may be colder at the end of this month.
9.
A. They should have arrived an hour earlier.
B. He doesn’t enjoy the design of the fireworks
C. The fireworks show started an hour later than planned
D. The experience was far from satisfactory
10.
A. The man is worth the promotion.
B. The man's work is finally recognized
C. The man is the best fit for the position
D. The man has been undervalued
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only one the four possible answers on your paper and decide which o you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
11.
A. To avoid fire accidents. B. To avoid smoke and noise.
C. To accommodate more rubbish. D. To make room for activities.
12.
A. They were usually stored underground to keep them fresh.
B. They were kept in refrigerators to prevent them going bad.
C. They were transported from the kitchen to save time.
D. They were picked fresh from the castle garden as needed.
13.
A. Life in Europe. B. The castle kitchen.
C Food in the castle D. Developments of castles.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14.
A. It is more economical and more efficient.
B. It is more popular and more effective
C. It is more difficult and more valuable.
D. It is more complicated and more excellent
15.
A. Brand messages in online video ads.
B. Non-brand contents in online video ads.
C. Brand messages in TV ads.
D. Non-brand contents in TV ads.
16.
A. The importance of brands. B. A new e-book guide.
C. Digital advertising. D. Strategies of advertising.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17.
A. She is misunderstood by her friend.
B. She isn’t getting along well with her roommate.
C. She has trouble making new friends in new places.
D. She doesn’t want to be friends with Mary any more
18.
A. She doesn’t like being friends with Jane.
B. She makes Jane feel bad on purpose.
C. She fails to do part of her duty.
D. She will surely change her behavior.
19.
A. She can still tolerate Mary.
B. She doesn’t think Mary will change.
C. She is afraid she will offend Mary.
D. She is afraid of losing this friend.
20.
A. Forget about the trivial things.
B. Tell Mary through a third person.
C. Tell Mary directly about her feelings.
D. Don’t be friends with Marry any more.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who _____21_____ (know ) for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning “smoke” in his native tongue. He had come a long way _____22_____ (watch ) over his kingdom, _____23_____ (assume ) the throne (王权) at a young age.
One day, a dispute arose in the kingdom, Two farmers were arguing about the ownership of a piece of land, They could not settle the matter themselves _____24_____ each claimed the land was theirs. The case was brought before King Mosi, who was known for his fair judgments.
The king listened to both sides of the story. He then asked, “Who among you can tell me.how many seeds are in the fruit of the baobab tree ” The farmers looked at each other, puzzled. They did not know the answer.
King Mosi continued , “Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab fruit, you cannot prove _____25_____ this land belongs to. Therefore, I decree that this land shall be shared between you. You will work on it together and share the fruits of your labor equally.”
The farmers were taken aback by the king’s wisdom. They agreed to the king’s decision and thanked him for his fair judgment. From that day forward, they _____26_____ work together on the land and became the best friends.
The people of the kingdom admired King Mosi’s wisdom. They would remain ____27____ ( seat ) for hours, listening to his wise words and learning from his judgments. The story of King Mosi’s wisdom spread far and wide, and he was respected by all who heard about him.
And so, king Mosi continued to rule his kingdom with wisdom and fairness, earning _____28_____ a place in the annals (编年史) of history, His story is a reminder of _____29_____ wisdom can bring ______30______ peace and harmony. It is a story that has been passed down through generations, a testament to King Mosi’s enduring legacy.
This is the story of King Mosi, a wise and just ruler who made a significant impact on his kingdom and its people, His story continues to inspire and teach valuable lessons about leadership and justice.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.unworkable B.indicative C.polar D.promising E.quantity F.requests G.content H. vision I.evaluating J.unmet K.subscribing
Brainstorming is a creative process that can help generate new and innovative ideas to solve complex problems. It involves bringing together individuals from diverse backgrounds and perspectives to share their ideas freely and build upon each other’s contributions. However, to make the most of this process, it is important to create an environment that encourages active participation and collaboration. Here are some key principles to keep in mind when conducting a brainstorming session.
Firstly, it is important to have a clear vision or goal for the brainstorming session. This will help guide the discussion and ensure that all ideas generated are relevant to the topic at hand. Participants should be encouraged to share their thoughts and ideas freely, without fear of judgment or criticism. By ____31____to each other’s ideas, individuals can build on each other’s contributions and create a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.
When ____32____ the quality of ideas generated during a brainstorming session, it is important to consider both the quantity and the ____33____ . While a high quantity of ideas can be beneficial, it is more important to focus on the quality of the ideas and how well they align with the group’s shared vision. Ideas that are ____34____ or irrelevant to the group’s goals should be discarded in favor of those that are more ____35____.
It is also important to honor ____36____ for more information or clarification on a particular idea. This can help the group better evaluate the idea and determine whether it aligns with their shared vision. If an idea is deemed unworkable or needs are____37____ comprehensively, it is important to recognize this and move on to other ideas that may be more feasible.
In addition to evaluating the quality of ideas, it is important to consider the content of the discussion. The brainstorming session should be focused on generating new ideas and solutions rather than rehashing old ones. Participants should be encouraged to think creatively and outside the box, and to avoid getting bogged down in the details.
The ____38____ of ideas generated during a brainstorming session can also be an important factor to consider. While a high quantity of ideas is not always indicative of a successful session, it can help ensure that all possibilities are explored and considered. Participants should be encouraged to generate as many ideas as possible, without worrying about whether they are practical or feasible.
Ultimately, the success of a brainstorming session depends on the group’s ability to work together towards a shared ____39____. By creating a culture of subscribing to each other’s ideas and evaluating them based on their quality and relevance, we can generate innovative solutions to complex problems that benefit society as a whole. Brainstorming is a powerful tool that can help us overcome the ____40____ that plagues our society, and create a more collaborative and creative future.
III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. ___41___, patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent ___42___ when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are ___43___ black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t ___44___, either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about ___45___ uncertainty, not about creating certainty.”
Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be ___46___ working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to ___47___ their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best ___48___ and what the outcomes will be in the long run.”
Technology has helped ___49___ the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more ___50___ diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an ___51___ and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an ___52___ level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.”
On the other hand, computers can’t ___53___ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also ___54___ quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, ___55___, is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.
41. A. On the hand B. Afterwords C. As a result D. Above all
42. A. victim B. instance C. transparency D. certainty
43. A. frequently B. generally C. rarely D. mainly
44. A. adored B. transformed C. faded D. adjusted
45. A. limiting B. hitting C. threatening D. assembling
46. A. compared with B. accounted for C. accustomed to D. annoyed at
47. A. cover B. train C. clarify D. broaden
48. A. identify B. cure C. defend D. cause
49. A. enlighten B. redefine C. commit D. guarantee
50. A. accurate B. plain C. serious D. remedial
51. A. challenge B. encounter C. conversation D. dispute
52. A. dangerous B. maximal C. unfavorable D. contrasting
53. A. stuff B. hint C. communicate D. indicate
54. A. conclude B. understand C. assume D. calculate
55. A. however B. therefore C. moreover D. hence
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. ___56___, patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent ___57___ when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are ___58___ black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t ___59___, either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about ___60___ uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ”
Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be ___61___ working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to ___62___ their inquiry ---- come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best ___63___ and what the outcomes will be in the long run.”
Technology has helped ___64___ the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more ___65___ diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an ___66___ and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an ___67___ level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ”
On the other hand, computers can’t ___68___ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also ___69___ quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, ___70___, is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever (猎犬), Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn’s spirit.
As dawn’s first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the nigh while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged ( 摇摆) his tail, eager for the day’s melodies. Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature’s ideal breezes.
One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard, Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge, Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It twas Finn’s instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety’s shore.
Nestled in u rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm’s fury. Isla whispered tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn’s eager cars, In return , he moved slowly and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories.
When the storm’s rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead.
As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden village hugged them gently. Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild’s temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends.
Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance.
71. What connected Isla to Finn
A. The untouched expanse of wilderness.
B. Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets.
C. Circumstance and shared dreams.
D. The urban noise.
72. What drove Isla into despair
A. A dusk of crimson and purple.
B. A sudden storm.
C. The familiar trails.
D. A rocky embrace.
73. What were the villagers interested in
A. Finn’s confidence and intuition.
B. Isla’s respect for nature.
C. Isla and Finn’s exciting journey
D. The wild’s temptation.
74. What can we learn from the passage
A. Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass.
B. Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore.
C. The villagers wove Isla and Finn’s journey into local legend.
D. Isla and Finn’s real strength lied in conquering harsh environments.
(B)
The Motivated Sequence (序列) of Public Speech
The motivated sequence gets its name partly because it follows john Dewey’s problem solution model for thinking and partly because it makes attractive analyses of these problems and their solutions by tying them to human motives. That is, the motivated sequence is both problem-driven and motivation-centered.
There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence
1.You must get people to attend to some problem, or to feel discomfort strongly enough to want to hear more.
2. You can create more specific wants or desires, a personal sense of need.
3. When wants or needs are created, you can attempt to satisfy them by showing what can be done to solve the problem or relieve the sense of discomfort.
4. Simply describing a course of action may not be enough, so in the fourth place you can visualize the world as it would look if the actions were carried out, and what it might be like if they were not.
5. With that, if you have done these four tasks well, accidence members should be ready to act — to put into practice the proposed solution to their problems.
Five steps Audience response
l.Attention Getting attention I want to listen.
2.Need Showing the need : Describing the solution Something needs to be done.
3.Satisfaction Satisfying the need : presenting the solution This is what to do to satisfy the need.
4.Visualization Visualizing the results _________ _________
5. Action Requesting action or approval I will do this.
The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches. It could be used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Or, you could use it to sell a friend insurance. And you can also use it to talk about social problems, such as the environment and the economic crisis.
75. What do we know about the motivated sequence
A. It is the basic principle of problem-solution model.
B. It has nothing to do with human motivation.
C. It’s both problem-driven and motivation-centered.
D. There are six basic steps in the motivated sequence.
76. What can the motivated sequence be used for
A. A speech urging your classmates to quit a blood donors’ association.
B. A speech to get your friends to promote a blood donors’ association
C. A speech to get your friends to sell insurance.
D. A speech on the environmental and economic crisis.
77. Xiao Wang is trying to persuade his classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Help him draft a speech by putting the following five sentences in the right order based on the motivated sequence.
(1 ) With the steady supply of blood, emergencies will be met with timely treatment
(2)You can help by filling out the blood donors’ cards I am passing out.
(3)Our area is short of blood of all types to meet emergency needs.
(4) A man died last night in a traffic accident because he lost too much blood.
(5)A blood donors’ association guarantees a predictable, steady supply of blood to the medical community.
A (4 ) (3) (5) (1) (2) B. (4 ) (2) (3) (1) (5)
C. (4 ) (5) (3) (1) (2) D. (4 ) (2) (1) (5) (3)
(C)
The universe expands with every passing second, stretching the space between galaxies like dough rising in an oven. But just how fast is this expansion happening As telescopes like Hubble strive to answer this fundamental question, they encounter a perplexing gap between theoretical predictions and observed data.
Hubble’s measurements indicate a faster rate of expansion in the modern universe compared to what was expected based on observations of the universe more than 13 billion years ago by the European Space Agency’s Planck satellite. This inconsistency has been a subject of scientific inquiry for several years. However, it remains uncertain whether differences in measurement techniques or chance variations are responsible for this disparity.
Recent data from the Hubble telescope have significantly reduced the possibility that this discrepancy is merely a statistical fluke, with the chances now estimated at only 1 in 100,000. This marks a substantial improvement from previous estimates, which placed the odds at 1 in 3,000 less than a year ago. These precise measurements from Hubble lend weight to the hypothesis that new physics may be necessary to reconcile the observed mismatch.
Lead researcher Adam Riess, a Nobel laureate from the Space Telescope Science Institute and Johns Hopkins University, describes the tension between the early and late universe as one of the most exciting developments in cosmology in decades. He emphasizes that the growing disparity cannot be dismissed as a random occurrence and suggests that it may signal the need for a deeper understanding of the cosmos.
To determine distances in the universe, scientists rely on a “cosmic distance ladder” method. This involves accurately measuring distances to nearby galaxies and then using progressively distant galaxies as reference points. By observing stars like Cepheid variables, astronomers can calibrate this distance ladder. Riess and his team have been refining these measurements since 2005, aiming to improve our understanding of cosmic distances.
In their latest study, astronomers used Hubble to observe 70 Cepheid variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud. By comparing these stars with their more distant counterparts in galaxies hosting supernovae, they refined their measurement of the Hubble constant, reducing its uncertainty from 2.2% to 1.9%. Despite this increased precision, their calculated Hubble constant remains at odds with the value predicted by observations of the early universe conducted by Planck.
The Planck satellite, which maps the cosmic microwave background – a remnant of the universe’s early stages – provides crucial data for understanding the universe’s expansion. However, the discrepancy between these measurements and those from Hubble underscores the need for further investigation and the potential for new discoveries in cosmology.
78 Where do measurements of the early universe come from
A. The space between galaxies.
B. Measurements from Hubble and other telescopes
C. European Space Agency’s Planck satellite.
D. The latest Hubble data.
79. Which of the following statements is in line with Adam Riess’ opinion
A. The expansion speed of the modern universe is faster than expected
B. New physics may be needed to explain this mismatch.
C. It is unlikely that this discrepancy occurred by chance.
D. Hubble’s tension is the most exciting development in cosmology in decades.
80. What do scientists use to determine the distance of things in the universe
A. A cosmic distance ladder.
B. Accurate measurements of distances.
C. Milepost markers.
D. The Hubble constant.
81. What did Riess’ team do
A. They used the Hubble Space Telescope to observe pulsating stars
B. They improved the comparison between
C. They raised the uncertainty of the Hubble constant to 2.2%
D. They reduced the uncertainty in their Hubble constant value to 1.9.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
The Difference Between Homeschooling and Schooling at Home
Homeschooling is not a new concept, Families have chosen this as a primary source of education for decades. Whether they live in a remote urea, travel often, or believe they can provide a more stable education for their children, parents chose to take control of their child's education by providing it at home.
_____82_____ Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons. Today, there aren’t only more tangible resources, but there’s also help in the form of tutoring centers and homeschooling pods — where a group of homeschooled children get together to learn as a class.
While the idea of homeschooling may not be as foreign as it once was, it’s still centered around replacing the teacher with a parent or guardian. Some parents who choose to homeschool may be former teachers, which makes the process a little easier, but it still may not be enough in certain areas.
_______83_______ When many districts were forced to conduct school online, teachers dove in to learn how to navigate various learning management systems. There are a number of online charter schools who are already familiar with these platforms and use them to assign and track student work and progress. Even with an asynchronous learning model, Laurel Springs School teachers are available during office hours to answer questions and may hold various Classes for additional learning support.
Similar to homeschooling, online school is based around a student’s individualized learning journey. ____84____ This allows them time to pursue other passions and develop a more independent outlook by taking ownership of their education
To take it a few steps further, accredited online schools, like Laurel Springs, support this leaning journey with a diverse K-l2 curriculum and instructional support. There are options for, more rigorous instruction through Honors and Ap courses. The Academy at Laurel Springs Laurel delivers an exceptional education for intellectually curious scholars. _____85_____ Laurel Springs is also staffed with an impeccable counseling team, guiding Upper School students through their learning journey along a path to achieve their personal and professional goals. You can’t get all of this through a homeschool program, unless you consult with a wide variety of other organizations.
A. A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best.
B. Even postgraduate students have the opportunity to take advantage of a competitive program.
C. It’s clear to see how homeschooling, even if done primarily online, isn’t the same as online learning.
D. There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement was fist adopted.
E. One of the main differences between online school and homeschool is that online schools still employ teachers.
F. Many misconceptions may continue to build around the two, including mistaking a stake of digitized worksheets for online classrooms.
IV.Summary Writing
86. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Teenagers should be pulled of the sofa
For many years, scientists thought that the human brain was fully mature before the teen years. They thought that a person's brain growth was complete and the structure was more or less fixed by the age of 3. However, more recent research shows that although the brain reaches its maximum size between the ages of 12 and 14, brain development is not yet complete.
The brain's functionally different sections communicate with each other through synapses- connections between nerve (神经) cells. Scientists have found that synapses grow or die away, depending on how much they are used to process information,
The good news is that teenagers do have the potential, through choice and behavior, to shape their brain development. The brain automatically gets rid of the synapses that it doesn't need in order to make the remaining ones more efficient. During the time the brain is removing synapses, the cells and connections that are used survive, while the ones that are not used die away. For example, if a teenager is doing music, sports or academic studies, those are the cells and connections that will become part of the brain's operating system. But unfortunately, if he or she is lying on the sofa, watching TV and playing computer games, those are the brain cells and connections that will remain into adulthood. Therefore, what you do with your teenage years could have an effect on the rest of your life,
What is important is that learning how synapses grow or die away can help teenagers be better equipped to make more intelligent choices, thus motivating them to take a moment before acting to consider the consequences of their actions. If you don't want to become an adult who is buried in the sofa all day long, pull yourself out of it when you are still a teenager.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
87. 正如预期的那样，艺术节引起了学生对于民俗文化的兴趣（generate）(汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
88. 你是否意识到这个地区的每一个部落有自己的不成文的规则？(aware) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
89. 这家重点实验室将和当地职业学校签订合作协议，为学生提供不一般的互动体验。（sign）(汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
90. 这部电视连续剧剧情围绕某一虚拟的华南城市展开，在剧中汽车工业一直是该城市的骄傲。(where) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
91. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你是明启中学高三学生吴磊，你校英语节即将举行主题为“快乐童年”的展览，邀请每个同学提供一件生活中物品参展，并撰写展品介绍供参观者阅读，要求描述展品以及选择原因。
内容必须包括：
1.对该物品的简要描述；
2.你选择该物品参展的原因。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1-5：BDCAA 6-10:CABDA 11-15:ADBBA 16-20:CBCDC
21. was known
22. to watch
23. assuming
24. because
25. who##whom
26. could 27. seated
28. himself
29. how 30. about
31. K 32. I
33. G 34. A
35. D 36. F
37. J 38. E
39. H 40. C
41. C 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. A 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. A
56. As a result
57. certainty
58. rarely 59. adjusted
60. limiting
61. accustomed to
62. broaden
63. cure 64. redefine
65. accurate
66. challenge
67. maximal
municate
69. calculate
70. however
71. C 72. B 73. C 74. C
75. C 76. D 77. A
78. C 79. C 80. A 81. D
82. D 83. E 84. A 85. B
86.The passage discusses how teenage brain development is not yet complete, contrary to previous beliefs. It emphasizes that teenagers can influence their brain development through their choices and behaviors. Activities like music, sports, and academic studies strengthen brain connections, while sedentary activities like watching TV weaken them. Understanding this can encourage teenagers to make smarter choices for their future.
87. As is expected, Art Festival has generated students’ interest in folk culture.
/As (was) expected, the art festival generated the tourists’/visitors’ interest in folk culture.
88. Have you been aware that every tribe in this area has its own unwritten rules
89. The key laboratory will sign cooperation agreements with local vocational schools, which will bring students an unusual interactive experience.
/The key laboratory/lab will sign a cooperation agreement with local vocational schools to provide students with unusual interactive experiences.
90. This TV series revolves around a fictional city in southern China, where the auto industry has long been a source of pride./The plot of this TV series revolves around a fictional city in southern China, where the auto industry has always been the pride of the city.
91. I’m glad to know that our school is organizing an English festival with the theme “Happy Childhood”, where each student is invited to provide an item from their life to be exhibited. After much consideration, I have decided to exhibit my favorite childhood book, “The Adventures of Peter Rabbit ”
The Adventures of Peter Rabbit is a classic children’s book. It tells the story of a rabbit named Peter and his exciting adventures in McGregor’s Garden. I chose this book for the exhibition because it represents the joy and innocence of my early years. It reminds me of the carefree days of my childhood where I could immerse myself in the enchanting word of stories.
By exhibiting this book, I hope to share the happiness and wonder of my childhood with others. I believe that everyone deserves to experience the joy of a carefree and imaginative childhood.
同课章节目录