Unit4 Natural Disasters单元知识总复习检测（含答案）2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

B1U4知识总复习
单词
n.灾难；灾害 n. 智慧；才智
n.旱灾；久旱 n.上下文；语境；背景
vi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑动 vt. 遭受；蒙受
n.洪水vi. 淹没；大量涌入 n. 火山
n.（地）震级；重大 v.（火山）爆发
n.&vt. 营救；救援 n.补给品；补给vt. 供应
vt. 损害；破坏n. 损坏 n. 台风
n. 幸存者；生还者 n. 飓风
vi. 生存；存活 n. 电力供应；能量；力量
vt. 摧毁；毁灭 v. 轻叩；轻敲n. 水龙头
vt. 疏散；撤出vi. 撤离 n. 管子；管道
n. 死；死亡 vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声
vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭 n. 突发事件；紧急情况
n. 避难所；居所v. 保护 adj. 镇静的v. 使平静
n. 裂纹；裂缝 n. 援助；帮助v.帮助
n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏 n. 成套工具；成套设备
n. 百分之…… v. 碰撞；撞击n. 撞车
n. 砖；砖块 v.打扫；清扫
n. 金属 n. 海浪；波浪v. 挥手
n. 震惊；休克v.（使）震惊 v.侵袭；击打n. 罢工
n. 电；电能 v. 递送；传达vt. 发表
v. 使落入险境n. 险境；陷阱 n. 总结；概括；概要
v.埋葬；安葬 n. 影响；结果；效果
vi.&vt. 呼吸 n. 长；长度
vt.&vi. 复活；（使）苏醒 tornado
n. 振兴；复苏 landslide
n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 tsunami
v. 统一；（使）成一体 helicopter
短语/词块
自然灾害 断电
溜进 拍某人肩膀
被…淹没 在紧急情况下
从…营救某人 保持镇定
对…造成伤害 让某人冷静下来
被彻底摧毁 撞到…
被判处死刑 与某人挥手告别
影响某人的生活 某人突然想起…
在…的庇护下 罢工
对…感到震惊 发表演讲
电力供应 把…发送给某人
被困于… 总之
埋头于… 对…有影响
呼入/出 长10米
努力做某事 似乎；好像；仿佛
以某人的智慧 严重受损；破败不堪
受重伤 震惊；吃惊
提供给某人某物 露天；在户外
提供某物给某人 现有（尤指帮助）
在地震中幸存 消灭；彻底消除
单词变形
extreme adj.极度的→___________adv.极度地
injure vt.损害；伤害→___________adj.受伤的→___________n．伤害，损害
nation n．民族；国家；国民→___________adj.国家的，民族的→___________n．国籍
suffering n．苦难；痛苦→___________v．受苦，遭受
frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→___________adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→___________adj.令人恐惧的
judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→___________n．判断，判决
shock n．休克；震惊；打击 vt.& vi.( 使)震惊；震动→___________adj.震惊的→___________adj.令人震惊的
rescue n．&vt.援救；营救→___________n．救援者
congratulate v．祝贺→___________n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递→___________n.表达→___________adj.有表现力的
dirt n．污垢；泥土→___________adj.脏的；肮脏的
useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→___________(反义词)→___________v. & n．使用，利用
electricity n．电；电流；电学→___________adj.用电的；带电的；发电的→___________adj.与电有关的；电学的
单句填空
Thousands died in the ___________.
数千人在这场灾祸中丧生。
He ___________ a child from drowning.
他救起了一名落水儿童。
Refugees continue to ___________ ___________ neighbouring countries.
难民不断涌入邻国。
The heavy rain has caused ___________ in many parts of the country.
大雨使全国许多地方泛滥成灾。
The storm didn't do much ___________.
暴风雨并未造成严重损失。
Officials said there were no ___________ of the plane crash.
官方说这次飞机失事无一人生还。
Of the six people injured in the crash, only two ___________.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
We did not realize the ___________ of the problem.
我们没有意识到这个问题的重要性。
The building was completely ___________ by fire.
这栋建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。
Children were ___________ from London to escape the bombing.
为躲避轰炸，孩子们都撤离了伦敦。
Your opinion will not ___________ my decision.
你的意见不会影响我的决定。
Human beings need food, clothing and ___________.
人类有衣、食、住的需求。
The frame is made of ___________.
框子是用金属做的。
The news of my promotion came as a ___________.
我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。
We were all ___________ at the news of his death.
听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。
We became ___________ by the rising floodwater.
我们被上涨的洪水困住了。
He ___________ deeply before speaking again.
他深深吸一口气，然后继续说下去。
The economy is beginning to ___________.
经济开始复苏。
The bad weather ___________ our trip.
天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。
With an ___________ she contained her irritation.
她努力强压住了怒火。
The new leader hopes to ___________ the country.
新领袖希望把国家统一起来。
This speech needs to be set ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ Britain in the 1960s.
这篇演说需要放到 20 世纪 60 年代的英国这一背景之下来看待。
The water ___________ is unsafe.
供水不稳定。
The ___________ had been cut off.
停电了。
Many companies are ___________ ___________ a shortage of skilled staff.
许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。
The volcano could ___________ at any time.
这座火山随时可能爆发。
The party ___________ ___________ ___________ at the last election.
这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。
It suddenly ___________ me how we could improve the situation.
我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。
It is important to ___________ ___________ in an emergency.
情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。
Any doubts had long since been ___________ ___________.
一切怀疑早已完全消除。
Half the workforce are now ___________ ___________.
现在有半数职工罢工。
Leaflets have been ___________ to every household.
传单已发送到每家每户。
This door should only be used in an ___________.
这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。
She is due to ___________ ___________ ___________ on genetic engineering.
根据安排她要作一个关于遗传工程的演讲。
___________ ___________, this was a disappointing performance.
总的来说，这场演出令人失望。
This room is twice the ___________ of the kitchen.
这个房间的长度是厨房的两倍。
___________ ___________, the two systems are identical.
实际上，这两种系统完全一样。
I can certainly feel the ___________ of too many late nights.
我当然能感觉到熬夜太多产生的影响。
课文填空
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were 1.____________(深深的裂缝) that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep 2.___________(如往常一样) that night.
At 3：42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed 3._________(好像) the world were 4.____________________(迎来了末日)! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay 5.____________(一片废墟). Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or 6.____________(严重受伤) in the quake was more than 400, 000.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could 7.________________(吹走他们). Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were 8._____________(处于震惊之中)—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings 9.____________(坍塌). Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to 10.______________(挖掘) those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10, 000 doctors and nurses came to 11.___________________(提供医疗). Workers 12.______________(建造避难所) for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city 13.__________________(重新开始呼吸) again.
Tangshan started to 14.____________(重获新生) and 15.____________________(重新站了起来). With strong support from the government and the 16.________________(不懈努力) of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become 17._____________(……的家) more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
佳句背诵
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临!
With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。
Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人类必须数力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。
话题语篇泛读
In Volcano’s Aftermath, an Agonizing Wait for Tonga News
Two days after a colossal volcanic eruption spawned a tsunami that struck the island nation of Tonga, severed communication lines left Tongans around the world waiting anxiously for news of their loved ones, while aid agencies and the country’ s Pacific neighbors struggled to assess the scale of the damage.
On Saturday night, an undersea volcano about 40 miles north of Tonga’ s main island belched ash, gas and steam more than 12 miles into the air, creating a cloud of sulfur dioxide over the region, sending particles drifting across the island and disabling a crucial submarine internet cable. It was believed to be the largest volcanic eruption in three decades, with the shock wave traveling thousands of miles.
Hours later, Tonga, a country of around 100,000 people, was pummeled by a tsunami. Waves of up to four feet hit Nuku’ alofa, the Tongan capital. Footage shared in the final moments before the internet connection was cut showed people running inland, searching desperately for higher ground in a very flat country.
The volcano, Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’ apai, erupted again on Monday but did not trigger a tsunami warning. Tonga sits along the Pacific “Ring of Fire,” a series of fault lines where earthquakes and volcanic activity are frequent.
Fatafehi Fakafanua, the speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Tonga, was able to send out a message on social media on Monday, describing the tsunami’ s impact as “devastating” and noting that the fall of volcanic ash had affected many areas of the country.
“The full extent of the harm to lives and property is currently unknown,” he said. “What we do know is that Tonga needs immediate assistance to provide its citizens with fresh drinking water and food.”
The loss of most communications, as well as a lingering ash cloud that had reached some 63,000 feet high, have made it difficult for the outside world to get a picture of the situation in Tonga.
一场巨大的火山爆发引发的海啸袭击了岛国汤加，两天后，通讯线路依然中断，世界各地的汤加人都在焦急地等待他们所爱之人的消息，救援机构和汤加的太平洋邻国也在努力评估损失。
周六晚上，位于汤加主岛以北约64公里的一座海底火山向空中喷出超过19公里的火山灰、气体和蒸汽，在该地区上空形成一片二氧化硫云，颗粒物在岛上飘浮，并使一条重要的海底互联网电缆瘫痪。这被认为是30年来最大的一次火山爆发，其冲击波传播了数千公里。
数小时后，人口约10万的汤加遭到海啸袭击。高达1.2米的海浪袭击了汤加首都努库阿洛法。在互联网连接被切断前的最后时刻分享的视频显示，人们跑向内陆，在这个非常平坦的国家拼命寻找高地。
这座名为洪阿汤加·洪阿哈阿帕伊的火山周一再次喷发，但没有触发海啸预警。汤加位于太平洋“火山带”，也就是一系列地震和火山活动频繁的断层带。
汤加立法会议长法塔菲希·法卡法努阿周一在社交媒体上发布信息，称海啸的影响是“毁灭性的”，并指出火山灰的降落影响了该国的许多地区。
“目前还不清楚生命和财产所遭受的全面损害，”他说。“我们所知道的是，汤加需要紧急援助，为居民提供新鲜的饮用水和食物。”
由于大部分通讯被中断，高达1.9万余米的火山灰云挥之不去，使得外界难以了解汤加的情况。
答案
单词
disaster
drought
slide
flood
magnitude
rescue
damage
survivor
survive
destroy
evacuate
death
affect
shelter
crack
ruin
percent
brick
metal
shock
electricity
trap
bury
breathe
revive
revival
effort
unify
wisdom
context
suffer
volcano
erupt
supply
typhoon
hurricane
power
tap
pipe
whistle
emergency
calm
aid
kit
crash
sweep
wave
strike
deliver
summary
effect
length
n.龙卷风；旋风
n. 崩塌；滑坡
n. 海啸
n. 直升机
短语
natural disasters
slide into
be flooded with
rescue sb from…
do/cause damage to
be completely destroyed
be sentenced to death
affect one’s life
under the shelter of
be shocked by…
electricity supply
be trapped in
be buried in…
breathe in/out
make an effort to do sth
in one’s wisdom
suffer from terrible injuries
supply sb with sth
supply sth to sb
survive the earthquake
a power cut
tap sb on the shoulder
in case of emergency
keep calm
calm sb down
crash into…
wave sb goodbye
It strikes sb that
be on strike
deliver a speech
deliver sth to sb
in summary
have an effect on…
10 metres in length
as if
in ruins
in shock
in the open air
on hand
sweep away
单词变形
extremely
injured injury
national nationality
suffer
frightened frightening
judgement
shocked shocking
rescuer
congratulation
expression expressive
dirty
useful use
electric electrical
单句填空
disaster
rescued
flood into
floods
damage
survivors
survived
magnitude
destroyed
evacuated
affect
shelter
metal
shock
shocked
trapped
breathed
revive
ruined
effort
unify
in the context of
supply
electricity
suffering from
erupt
came to power
struck
keep calm
swept away
on strike
delivered
emergency
deliver a lecture
In summary
length
In effect
effects
课文填空
deep cracks
as usual
as if
coming to an end
in ruins
badly injured
blow them away
in shock
fell down
dig out
provide medical care
built shelters
began to breathe
revive itself
get back up on its feet
tireless efforts
a home to