Unit 5 Languages around the world单元知识总复习检测（含答案）-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

B1U5知识总复习
单词
n. 十亿 n. 文字；符号；角色；品质
adj. 本地的n. 本地人 adj. 全球的；全世界的
n. 态度；看法 n. 公共事务；事件；关系
v. 提到；参考；查阅 v. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会
n. 体系；制度；系统 adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的
n. 文明；文明世界 n.&v. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗
prep. 即使；尽管 n. 舌头；语言
n. 因素；要素 n. 学期
adj. 以（某事）为基础的 n. 汽油；气体；燃气
v. 以……为基础n. 根据 n. 地铁
n. 骨头；骨（质） n. 公寓套房
n. 壳；壳状物 n. 内裤；短裤；裤子
n. 符号；象征 n. 同等的人adj. 相同的
v. 雕刻 n. 间隔；开口；差距
n. 王朝；朝代 n. 要求；需求v. 强烈要求
n.变体；异体；多样性 n. 词汇
adj. 主要的n. 主修课程v. 主修 n. 描写（文字）；形容
n. 地方话；方言 v. 联系；讲述
n. 方式；方法；途径 calligraphy
adj. 传统的；典型的n.经典作品 petrol
n. 尊重；关注v. 把……视为
短语/词块
数十亿的 国事
本国语 如果...我会不胜感激
对....的态度 努力做某事
参考书 母语
教育制度 乞求
尽管 能胜任
尽管 代沟
基于 有需求的
唐朝 难以形容，无法形容
各种各样的 指的是；提到；查阅
主修 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
凭借 追溯到
认为....是... 观点；看法
汉字 与……相关；涉及；谈到
全球变暖
单词变形
peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→___________n．和平
active adj.积极的；活跃的→___________adv.积极地→___________n．活动
devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→___________adj.忠实的，深爱的→___________n．奉献
violence n．暴力；暴行→___________adj.猛烈的，凶暴的
equal adj.相等的，平等的→___________adv.相等地→___________n．同等，平等
legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→___________(反义词)
hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→___________(反义词)→___________n. & v．希望
relative n．亲戚；亲属→___________n．关系→___________n．关系
terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→___________n．恐怖主义→___________n．恐怖分子
generous adj.慷慨的；大方的→___________adv.慷慨地；宽大地；丰盛地→___________n．慷慨；大方；宽宏大量
self n．自我；自身→___________adj.自私的→___________adj.无私的；忘我的→___________adv.无私地；忘我地
guide n．指南；向导；导游 vt.引导；带领→___________n．指导；领导
educate vt.教育；训练→___________adj.受过教育的；有教养的→___________n．教育
will n．意志；决心；意愿；遗嘱→___________adj.乐意的；自愿的→___________adj.不愿意的；不情愿的
cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的→___________adv.残酷地→___________n．残忍；残酷
单句填空
Worldwide sales reached 2.5 __________.
全球销售额达到了 25 亿。
__________ applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.
尽管他申请了数百个工作，但仍然在失业中。
Her __________ language is Korean.
她的母语是朝鲜语。
The tiger __________ __________ __________ India.
这种虎原产于印度。
Being unemployed produces negative __________ __________ work.
失业会产生对工作的消极态度。
The Victorians __________ the railways __________ bringing progress and civilization.
维多利亚时代的人认为铁路带来了进步和文明。
The closure of the mine was the single most important __________ in the town's decline.
矿山的关闭是这个镇衰落的最重要的因素。
The movie __________ __________ __________ a real-life incident.
这部电影以真实事件为蓝本。
The lamp has a heavy __________.
这台灯的底座很沉。
This paragraph __________ __________ the events of last year.
这一段说的是去年发生的事。
White has always been a __________ of purity in Western cultures.
在西方文化中，白色一向象征纯洁。
There is __________ __________ __________ __________ patterns to choose from.
有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
She took the job for __________ reasons.
她由于种种原因接受了这份工作。
Her __________ is French.
她的专业课是法语。
She __________ __________ History at Stanford.
她在斯坦福主修历史。
The __________ factor in the decision to stay or to leave was usually professional.
职业上的考虑往往是决定去留的主要因素。
Television is an effective __________ of communication.
电视是一种有效的传播途径。
Her work is very highly __________.
她的工作受到高度评价。
I __________ creativity both __________ a gift and as a skill.
我认为创造力既是一种天赋也是一种技巧。
Generosity is part of the American __________.
慷慨是美国人性格的一部分。
He has a real gift for vivid __________.
他很善于描述，说起事情来活灵活现的。
I found it difficult to __________ the two ideas in my mind.
我觉得很难把这两种想法联系在一起。
__________ __________ __________ __________ if you paid in cash.
假如你支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。
The money was collected for a __________ purpose.
这笔钱是为一个特定用途而收的。
They __________ just to pay their bills.
他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。
Cooperation __________ success.
合作意味着成功。
One unit of alcohol __________ __________ __________ half a pint of beer.
一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。
The commission is calling for a __________ ban on whaling.
委员会要求全球禁止捕鲸。
Britain needs to bridge the technology __________ between academia and industry.
英国需要弥合学术界和企业界之间的技术差距。
There's an increased __________ for organic produce these days.
目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。
I __________ __________ see the manager.
我坚决要求见经理。
课文填空
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:
CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
China is widely 1.____________(因……而著名) its 2.___________________(古代文明) which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many 3.____________________(跌宕起伏) in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a 4.___________________(基于图像的语言). It 5._______________(追溯到) several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically leading to 6.________________________(许多方言和汉字的变体). This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207BCE).
Emperor Qinshihuang 7._______________________(统一七国) into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to 8._______________________(朝同一方向发展). That writing system was 9.____________________(有重要性) in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
Written Chinese has also become 10.___________________(一个重要的方式) by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modem times can read the 11.________________(古典作品) which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The 12.________________(崇高敬意) for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China 13._______________________(扮演着越来越重要的角色) in 14._______________(全球事务), an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.
佳句背诵
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.中国以其古老的文明而闻名，尽管历史上有许多起起伏伏，但它一直延续到现代。
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.秦始皇将七大国统一为一个统一的国家，中国的书写系统开始朝着一个方向发展。
As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉字这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
话题语篇泛读
A language for the world
By learning English, people around the globe are changing it, too
WHAT COUNTRY does French belong to The answer seems obvious: France, as it says on the label. But there are roughly four times as many speakers of French outside France as there are within it. Who does Portuguese belong to You might now hesitate to blurt out “Portugal”, remembering that Brazil’s population is about 20 times bigger than Portugal’s. Maybe Portuguese belongs jointly to them both. But then 70m people live in African countries in which Portuguese is an official language. Perhaps it belongs to them, too.
The English can be under no illusion that the language of the same name is exclusively theirs. The small matters of the other nations in the British Isles, and of the superpower across the Atlantic, make clear that it is joint property. But these countries—along with Canada, Australia and other Anglophone peoples—must at some point come to terms with the fact that, even collectively, their language no longer belongs to them. Of the estimated billion people who speak English, less than half live in those core English-speaking countries.
English-speakers pride themselves on the spread of the language, and often attribute that to an open, liberal-minded attitude whereby it has happily soaked up words from around the world. In the coming century, though, English will do more than borrow words. In these non-Anglophone countries, it is becoming not just a useful second language, but a native one. Already it is easy to find children in northern Europe who speak as though they come from Kansas, the product of childhoods immersed in subtitled films and television in English, along with music, gaming and YouTube.
Today, many learners still aim for an American or British standard. Yet as hundreds of millions of new speakers make English their own, they are going to be less keen to sound British or American. A generation of post-colonial novelists has been mixing native words and phrasings into their English prose, without translation, italics or explanation. Academic movements such as “English as a lingua franca” (ELF) have been developing the ideology that speakers—no longer referred to as “non-native” but rather “multilingual”—should feel free to ignore British or American norms.
Given enough time, new generations of native speakers contribute not just words but their own grammar to the language they learn—from older speakers’ point of view, distorting it in the process. “I am working here for years” is a mistake today, but it is not hard to imagine it becoming standard in the future in culturally confident Anglophone Indian circles.
If this disturbs you, remember that this column is written in a mangled version of Anglo-Saxon, learned badly by waves of Celts, Vikings, Normans and others until it became an unrecognisably different tongue. And take comfort in the fact that such changes usually happen too slowly to affect comprehension in a single lifetime. Written language is less volatile than the spoken kind and exerts a stabilising force.
But if language is always evolving (true to the point of cliché), the adaptations are even more profound when they come as a result of new speakers hailing from different linguistic worlds. No language has ever reached more speakers than English. It is hard to predict how they will change it, but easy to rule out the notion that they will not change it at all. In the end, it will be theirs too.
法语属于哪个国家？答案似乎很明显：法国，正如标签上所说。但是，在法国境外讲法语的人大约是法国境内的4倍。葡萄牙语属于哪个国家？你现在可能会犹豫是否要脱口而出 "葡萄牙"，因为巴西的人口大约是葡萄牙的20倍。也许葡萄牙语同时属于他们两个国家。但是，有7千万人生活在非洲国家，葡萄牙语是这些国家的官方语言。也许它也属于他们。
英国人绝不会幻想英语是独属于他们的。不列颠群岛其他国家以及大西洋彼岸的超级大国（美国）的小事实表明，英语属于共同财产。但是，这些国家--以及加拿大、澳大利亚和其他英语国家的人--必须在某个时候接受这样一个事实：虽然是共同财产，但英语不再属于他们。在约10亿讲英语的人中，只有不到一半的人生活在这些核心英语国家。
说英语的人对英语的传播感到自豪，并经常将其归因于一种开放、自由的态度，这使英语愉快地吸收了世界各地的词汇。然而，在未来的一个世纪里，英语不仅仅是借用词汇，还会有更多变化。在这些非英语国家，它不仅成为一种有用的第二语言，也会成为一种母语。在北欧，你会容易找到那些说着美国堪萨斯州口音的孩子，他们的童年沉浸在英语字幕的电影和电视中，以及音乐、游戏和油管中。
今天，许多学习者仍然以美国或英国标准为目标。然而，随着数以亿计新的语言使用者将英语变成自己的语言，他们将不再那么热衷于英式口音或美式口音。一代后殖民时代的小说家已经在他们的英语散文中混合了本土词汇和措辞，没有翻译、斜体或解释。诸如 "英语作为通用语"（ELF）等学术运动一直在发展一种意识形态，即说话者--不再被称为 "非母语人士"，而是 "多语言人士"--应该可以随意忽略英国或美国的语言规则。
如果有足够的时间，新一代的母语人士不仅会为英语贡献词汇，还会贡献他们自己的语法--从老一辈人的角度来看，这个过程会扭曲英语。"I am working here for years "在今天是一个错误，但不难想象在不久的将来，它会成为文化自信的印度英语圈子里的标准句子。
如果这让你感到不安，请记住，本专栏是用混杂的盎格鲁-撒克逊语写的，被一波又一波的凯尔特人、维京人、诺曼人和其他人改编了，直到它成为一种无法识别差异的语言。令人欣慰的是，这种变化通常很慢，在一个人的整个人生中，都不会影响他对语言的理解力。书面语比口语更稳定，并能发挥稳定作用。
但是，如果语言总是在进化的话（如此真实以至于老生常谈），那么当新的使用者来自不同的语言背景时，会产生更加深刻的改变。使用面积最广的语言是英语。很难预测新的使用者会如何改变英它，但可以排除英语根本不会变的想法。最终，英语也将属于他们。
答案
单词
billion
native
attitude
refer
system
civilisation
despite
factor
based
base
bone
shell
symbol
carve
dynasty
variety
major
dialect
means
classic
regard
character
global
affair
appreciate
specific
struggle
tongue
semester
gas
subway
apartment
pants
equal
gap
demand
vocabulary
description
relate
n. 书法
n. 汽油
短语
billions of
native language
an attitude to/towards
a reference book
the education system
despite=in spite of
despite the fact that...
be based on
the Tang dynasty
a variety of=varieties of
major in
by means of
regard sth as...
Chinese characters
global warming
national affairs
I'd appreciate it if...
struggle to do sth.
mother tongue
beg for sth
be equal to
the generation gap
in demand
beyond description
refer to
ups and downs
date back (to...)
point of view
relate to
单词变形
peace
actively activity
devoted devotion
violent
equally equality
illegal
hopeless hope
relation relationship
terrorism terrorist
generously generosity
selfish selfless selflessly
guidance
educated education
willing unwilling
cruelly cruelty
单句填空
billion
Despite
native
is native to
attitudes to
regarded…as…
factor
is based on
base
refers to
symbol
a wide variety of
various
major
majored in
major
means
regarded
regard…as…
character
description
relate
I would appreciate it
specific
struggled
equals
is equal to
global
gap
demand
demand to
课文填空
known for
ancient civilization
ups and downs
picture-based language
dates back
many varieties of dialects and characters
united the seven major states
develop in one direction
of great importance
an important means
classic works
high regard
plays a greater role
global affairs