(共20张PPT)
Book 3 Unit 5
Understanding Ideas
Language points
一、认知激活——秒记核心要素**
1. **发音与词性**
- 音标:/kra d/(手势:双手快速向中间聚拢模拟“拥挤”)
- 词性:**名词**(人群);**动词**(挤满)
- **核心释义**:密集的人群;挤满某地
2. **词源速记**
- 词根:古英语*crudan*(压、挤)→ 联想“人群挤压”记词义
- 拼写警示:动词现在分词需双写*d* → crowd → crowding
3. **快速对比**
-
形似词:crown(皇冠)→ 口诀:“crowd挤成一团,crown头顶闪闪”
They knew would include crowds,discomfort and danger.
二、理解突破(2分钟)——抓住考点核心**
1. 核心搭配与场景**
- **名词用法**:
a crowd of people(一群人)
例句:A large crowd gathered at the square.(2023高考新课标I卷阅读D篇原句)
in crowds(成群结队)
例句:Tourists arrived in crowds during the festival.
- **动词用法**:
crowd into/around(涌入/围住)
例句:Fans crowded into the stadium to see the concert.
crowd out(排挤)
例句:Small shops are being crowded out by supermarkets.(熟词生义)
2. 近义词快辨**
| 单词 | 侧重点 | 例句对比 |
| crowd | 无秩序的密集人群 | The crowd pushed forward. |
| group | 有组织的群体 | A group of students discussed the problem. |
| throng | 向前涌动的人群 | The throng rushed into the station. |
* 三、运用秒杀——即时语境训练**
1. 闪电填空
- ① 用适当形式填空:
The room __ ____ (crowd) with reporters after the press conference.
- ② 介词填空:
The children crowded ______ the teacher to see the experiment.
2. 翻译快答
- 汉译英:游客们挤满了博物馆。
was crowded
around
Tourists crowded into the museum.
3. 高考真题语境**
2023高考新课标I卷阅读D篇:
*The wisdom of the crowds effect shows that the average of many independent estimates can be accurate.*
→ 此处“crowd”指“群体智慧”,体现抽象用法
群体智慧效应表明,多个独立估算的平均值可能非常准确
For these people,climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other,making some feel weak and others,powerful.
句子结构分层解析
1. 主干框架
"Climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other"
主语:Climbing Qomolangma(动名词短语作主语)
系动词:is
表语:an experience(名词短语)
后置定语:like no other(介词短语修饰experience,表"独一无二")
2. 分词状语拓展语义
making some feel weak and others, powerful."
逻辑主语:整个主句(即攀登珠峰的经历)
分词结构:making(现在分词表结果)
复合宾语(并列结构):
宾语1:some (people) + 宾补:feel weak
宾语2:others (people) + 宾补:powerful
(省略动词:powerful前省略"feel",避免重复)
3. 关键语法现象
要素 说明
对比省略 "others, powerful" 省略"feel",形成平行结构强调反差
抽象具象化 "weak/powerful" 将主观体验转化为物理感知(弱/强)
隐喻延伸 "weak" 暗指肉体极限,"powerful" 隐喻精神征服
深度翻译与文学重构
直译:
"攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一种无与伦比的体验,它使一些人感到虚弱,而使另一些人感到强大。"
意译(强化文学性):
"登顶珠峰,是一场涤荡灵魂的独有征程——有人在此刻筋骨衰竭,亦有人于此地意志擎天。"
confirm
当我们注册新账户或者重置密码时通常会看见confirm password。意思是“确认密码”,如果两次输入的密码不一样,系统会通知你:
Your new and confirm password are different. Please enter your passwords again.
您的新密码和确认密码不相符,请再次输入密码。
生活中的confirm
The first people confirmed to have reached the top were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.
认知层面(Knowledge)——建立单词基本概念
1. 词性:动词(vt.)
核心释义:确认;证实;批准
词源联想:前缀“con-”(共同)+ 词根“firm”(坚固)→ 共同使某事物坚固 → 确认、证实。
confirm
The first people confirmed to have reached the top were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.
2. 基础词义辨析
对比verify:强调通过证据“验证”(如verify data)。
对比prove:强调通过逻辑或事实“证明”(如prove a theory)。
confirm语境:侧重“确认已知信息的正确性”(如confirm a reservation)。
二、理解层面(Comprehension)——掌握用法与语境
1. 核心搭配与句型
接宾语:confirm sth.(确认某事)
例:Please confirm your flight details before departure.
接宾语从句:confirm that...(证实……)
例:The test results confirmed that she had recovered.
被动语态:be confirmed as...(被批准为……)
例:He was confirmed as the new manager.
2. 语境分析练习
任务:阅读句子,判断“confirm”的具体含义(确认/证实/批准)。
1. The doctor confirmed the diagnosis after reviewing the scans.
2. Could you confirm your address in the form
3. The proposal will be confirmed by the board next week.
(证实)
(确认)
(批准)
三、运用层面(Application)——综合技能提升
3. 翻译与写作(输出训练)
1. 请帮我确认一下会议时间是否有变动。
2. 最新数据证实了我们对市场趋势的预测。
→ Please help me confirm whether there are changes to the meeting time.
→ The latest data confirmed our prediction about the market trend.
四、拓展与巩固(Extension)
1. 一词多义拓展
熟词生义:在法律语境中,confirm可表示“批准(条约、协议)”。
例:The treaty was confirmed by both governments.
2. 高考真题链接
Scientists have now confirmed that wildfires can spread viruses over long distances.(2023年全国卷)
分析:句中“confirmed”后接that从句,意为“证实”,体现科学研究的权威性。
句子结构分析:
主句主干:It(主语) + brings(谓语动词)
短语结构:brings...into focus(固定搭配,表示"使...清晰/突出")
宾语从句:what's important to you(由what引导的名词性从句,作brings的宾语)
其中:what(关系代词,兼具先行词作用) + is(系动词) + important(表语) + to you(介词短语作状语)
语法特点:
宾语后置:由于宾语从句较长,为保持句子平衡,将短语"into focus"提前至宾语从句之前,形成"brings into focus + what..."的结构。
名词性从句:"what's important to you"兼具疑问代词和连接词功能,既保留疑问含义("什么对你重要"),又作为从句承担宾语功能。
翻译与解析:
直译:"它将对你重要的东西带入焦点中"
意译:"它让你明确对自己真正重要的事物"
文学化处理:"这使你更清晰地看见内心所求"
补充说明:
"bring into focus"的隐喻性:该短语原指摄影中的"聚焦",此处引申为"使抽象事物清晰化"(如目标、价值观等)
“It brings into focus what's important to you.
P67 P4
With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure(6),is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking
attempt
一、认知激活——秒记单词骨架
1. 发音与词性
音标:/ tempt/(重读第二音节,手指轻拍桌面打节奏: - tem-pt)
词性:动/名词“双属性”(写板书时用 / 标注)
2. 极简释义
动词:“尝试做难/险之事”(例:attempt to climb Everest)
名词:“尝试/努力”(例:make an attempt)
3. 词源速记
“at-”(朝向)+ “tempt”(尝试)→“朝向目标努力”,联想:attempt = 带着决心的“试”
二、理解突破——抓牢核心用法
1. 动词黄金搭配
唯一结构:attempt to do sth.(必考点!杜绝“attempt doing”)
例句:He attempted to fix the broken laptop.(快速带读,强调to do)
2. 名词高频短语
make an attempt to do sth.(= try to do)
例句:She made an attempt to apologize.(圈出“an”,提醒不可省冠词)
in an attempt to do(为了…)
例句:Close the window in an attempt to keep warm.(用箭头标注“表目的”)
3. 近义词快辨
attempt(正式/挑战)vs. try(日常)
对比:attempt a difficult exam ;try a new restaurant
三、运用层面(Application)——综合技能提升
1.语境分析练习
任务:判断“attempt”在句中的词性及含义(动词/名词;尝试/企图)。
1. The company will attempt to launch a new product next month.
2. Their first attempt at skiing ended in a fall.
3. The thief attempted to break into the house at night.
2. 翻译与写作(输出训练)
1. 他多次尝试戒烟,但都失败了。
2. 为了试图减少污染,政府出台了新政策。
(动词;尝试)
(名词;尝试)
(动词;企图)
→ He attempted to quit smoking many times, but failed each time.
→ The government introduced new policies in an attempt to reduce pollution.
一、认知激活——秒记核心要素
1. 发音与词性
音标:/ fe lj r/(重读第一音节,手指轻拍桌面: fe l-j r)
词性:名词(常见误写:failture )
2. 双义速记
不可数:失败(抽象概念)
例:Failure is the mother of success.(谚语速记)
可数:失败的人/事(具体案例)
例:His first business was a total failure.
3. 词源联想
来自动词fail(失败)+ 后缀-ure(表结果)→ “失败的结果/状态”
failure
二、理解突破
1. 固定搭配公式
failure to do sth.(未能做某事,必考点!)
例句:His failure to arrive on time annoyed everyone.(圈出to do,手势比划“必须跟不定式”)
end in failure(以失败告终)
例句:The project ended in failure due to lack of funds.
2. 反义词速联
failure success(注意:-ure后缀对应-css,如pressure process)
三、运用秒杀——即时精准训练
1. 介词填空:
Her failure ______ (pass) the driving test surprised us.
答案:to pass(固定搭配failure to do)
His failure to complete the task was due to lack of experience.
2. 翻译快答 汉译英:他未能完成任务是因为缺乏经验。
一、认知激活——秒记核心要素
1. 发音与词性
音标:/r f (r)/(重音在第二音节,手势:手指向书本或黑板模拟“参考”动作)
词性:动词(√);派生词:reference(n. 参考)、referral(n. 推荐)
核心释义:参考;涉及;指的是;提交
He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”,with the “T”
standing for “thrill”.
2.. 词源速记
词根:re-(回)+ fer(携带)→“带回信息”→参考、查阅
联想:“refer to a dictionary”(查字典)= 把问题“带回”字典找答案
3. 快速对比
形似词:prefer(更喜欢)→ 区别:re-(回)vs. pre-(前)
口诀:“prefer选前者,refer查回册”
二、理解突破——抓住考点核心
1. 核心搭配与场景
参考/查阅:refer to + 资料/人
例句:You should refer to the manual.(你该参考手册。)
涉及/指的是:refer to + 主题/对象
例句:What does this sentence refer to (这句话指什么?)
固定短语:
refer to...as...(称为)
refer back to(再次提及)
refer sb to(推荐某人去某处)
3. 熟词生义 法律场景:refer a case(提交案件)→ 联想“把案件交回上级”
She is referred to as a genius.
The doctor referred me to a specialist.
三、运用秒杀——即时语境训练
1. 闪电填空
① 用适当形式填空:
She is __ ____ (refer) to the notes now.
② 介词填空:
The term “GMT” refers ______ Greenwich Mean Time.
2. 翻译快答
老师推荐我去图书馆查资料。
3. 语境选择题
真题模拟:When giving a speech, it’s important to ______ reliable sources.
A. refer to B. prefer to C. look at
referring
to
The teacher referred me to the library for information.
A
refer
refer 过去式-过去分词___________ ____________
refer to
My doctor referred me to a specialist.
You may refer to your notes if you want.
The victims were not referred to by name.
Marcia had referred to him as a dear friend.
Now and then I referred a client to him.
referred -referred
reference(n)
infer inferred inferred inference
prefer preferred preferred preference
将……送交给
参考,查阅
提及,谈论
称作
介绍,推荐