UNIT 3
阅读 (2023·全国乙卷) 体裁:议论文 主题语境:历史、社会与文化 难度:★★★☆☆
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
1.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
2.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
3.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
限时练
阅读
对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录,要注重文字记录和实物相互印证,以帮助我们重现真实的历史。
1.D 写作意图题。本题考查例子的作用。为了证明某个观点,作者往往会举例说明。本题提及库克船长的例子,是为了说明第一句提到的观点:理想的历史记录方式应该结合文字记录和物品记录, 但在许多情况下,无法实现文字和物品的结合。具体实例涉及库克船长和澳大利亚土著人之间的冲突,这一事件说明了文字记录和物品记录之间的差异:英国方面有科学报告和船长的记录,而澳大利亚方面只有一块木盾牌。段落最后强调了物品的重要性: 为了重新构建当天发生的情况,木盾牌必须像文字记录一样经过深入和严格的审查和诠释。由此可知,作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的文字记录是片面的(one-sided),没有结合物品, 只从自己的角度描述了问题。
2.B 词句猜测题。 推断画线词含义要与文章主旨一致, conversation出现在文章的最后一段,是对文章主旨的总结。上文反复强调理解历史,人们不仅要看书面材料,还要看一些物品呈现出来的内容。由此可知conversation是history的同义表达。
3.C 文章出处题。 本文第一段引入主题, 说明文本和物品在历史记录中的重要性→第二段举库克船长的例子说明物品在历史记录中的重要性→第三段强调失败方物品在历史记录中的作用,并举例加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人和印加人, 强调物品记录可以弥补历史中的失声。由文章主旨和文章关键词things, objects可推断出C项“《100件藏品中的世界历史》”正确。
干扰项分析:A项《地图如何讲述世界的故事》和D项《艺术作品如何讲述故事》和文章内容不符;B项《澳大利亚简史》以偏概全,漏失信息。(共10张PPT)
限时练
选择性必修第三册 UNIT 3
阅读 (2023·全国乙卷) 体裁：议论文 主题语境：历史、社会与文化 难度：★★★☆☆
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between
literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重现真实的历史。
1.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
写作意图题。本题考查例子的作用。为了证明某个观点，作者往往会举例说明。本题提及库克船长的例子，是为了说明第一句提到的观点：理想的历史记录方式应该结合文字记录和物品记录, 但在许多情况下，无法实现文字和物品的结合。具体实例涉及库克
答案与解析
船长和澳大利亚土著人之间的冲突，这一事件说明了文字记录和物品记录之间的差异：英国方面有科学报告和船长的记录，而澳大利亚方面只有一块木盾牌。段落最后强调了物品的重要性: 为了重新构建当天发生的情况，木盾牌必须像文字记录一样经过深入和严格的审查和诠释。由此可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的文字记录是片面的(one-sided)，没有结合物品, 只从自己的角度描述了问题。
答案与解析
2.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
词句猜测题。 推断画线词含义要与文章主旨一致, conversation出现在文章的最后一段，是对文章主旨的总结。上文反复强调理解历史，人们不仅要看书面材料，还要看一些物品呈现出来的内容。由此可知conversation是history的同义表达。
答案与解析
3.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories
文章出处题。 本文第一段引入主题, 说明文本和物品在历史记录中的重要性→第二段举库克船长的例子说明物品在历史记录中的重
答案与解析
要性→第三段强调失败方物品在历史记录中的作用，并举例加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人和印加人, 强调物品记录可以弥补历史中的失声。由文章主旨和文章关键词things, objects可推断出C项“《100件藏品中的世界历史》”正确。
干扰项分析：A项《地图如何讲述世界的故事》和D项《艺术作品如何讲述故事》和文章内容不符；B项《澳大利亚简史》以偏概全，漏失信息。
答案与解析
