UNIT 4
阅读 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:文学 难度:★★★☆☆
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
1.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
2.What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.
3.What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
完形填空 (全国卷Ⅲ改编) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术 难度:★★★☆☆
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—nearly six months out of the year.
“Of course, we 1 it when the sun is shining,” says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is 2 , but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 3 day.”
But that 4 when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 6 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 7 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central 9 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light appeared, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been 10 there and standing there and taking pictures of each other,” Ro says. “The town square was totally 11 . I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all 12 the sunshine at the same time. 13 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 14 residents.
“It’s not very 15 ,” she says, “but it is enough when we are sharing.”
1.A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
2.A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
3.A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
4.A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
5.A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
6.A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
7.A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
8.A. day B. night C. month D. year
9.A. library B. hall C. square D. street
10.A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. sitting
11.A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
12.A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
13.A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
14.A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
15.A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
语法填空 (2025·湖北名校联盟联考) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术 难度:★★★☆☆
On the playground of a town school in Tanghe county in Central China’s Henan Province, a bus full of science kits stops by. It quickly draws a crowd of pupils eager to explore 1.__________ is inside.
Soon, several robots are carefully unloaded 2.__________ the bus and begin dancing with consistent human-like moves. The children watch cheerfully, bursting into laughter as the robots 3.__________ (gentle) extend their hands to invite them to join the dance.
The bus was not a performance group of any kind 4.__________ a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, 5.__________ (aim) to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the 6.__________ (country) vast rural areas.
Lyu Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas are mostly faced with a 7.__________ (short) of teachers and equipment 8.__________ (qualify) for scientific education.
Since February, scientists, science educators and science museum staff 9.__________ (walk) into 18 town schools in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Henan and Gansu provinces. In May last year, the education ministry and other departments released a document 10.__________ (strengthen) scientific education in primary and secondary schools, promising to ensure that a more sound system will be in place in three to five years.
限时练
阅读
文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著的AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南,以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景,强调控制AI的重要性,呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展,以防潜在危机。
1.C 词句猜测题。第二段主要介绍了《人工智能设计》这本书的作者信息。由画线词后文中的 but 可知,所在句子前后语义转折。but 后是一般现在时描述一种事实,指出这本书的作者 Campbell 拥有二十多年的专业经验,能将枯燥难懂的内容变得很通俗易懂。but 前提到,这本书可能会像计算机代码一样复杂难懂,其中 could 表示一种假设或可能情况,由此可推知,but前应该是假设一个除 Campbell 之外的作者写出这本书的情况。此处的“错误的人”指的是不太称职的人,与作者形成对比,突出这本书的作者的专业。
2.B 细节理解题。第二段最后一句提到,《人工智能设计》这本书的作者从商业人士(而非学者)的实用角度出发,使得这本书极易理解、内容丰富。这意味着该书不会涉及过于复杂或技术性的语言,而是旨在为广泛读者群体提供易于理解的、接地气的内容。B 项中的 down-to-earth 同义替换文中的 practical和“highly accessible”。
3.C 推理判断题。第三段最后一句中,Campbell 建议必须保持对人工智能的控制。第四段指出,Campbell 期望科技公司和世界领导人与当前正在开发它的所有专家保持一致,并表示人类处在历史的“转折点”,必须立即采取行动,以防止面临灭绝级别的事件。这表明了她呼吁人们共同努力来控制AI的发展,以避免潜在的灾难。C项中的“keep it under control”同义替换文中的“keep control of artificial intelligence”。
4.A 写作意图题。通读全文可知,第一段介绍了新书《人工智能设计:与人工智能共生的计划》;第二段介绍了该书作者的背景;第三到四段概述了书中的主要论点和观点及其意义;第五段进行总结,再次强烈推荐这本书。由此可知,作者写这篇文章是为了推荐一本有关 AI的书。
积
①given [ ɡ vn] prep.鉴于;考虑到 adj.特定的;假设的 ②competent [ k mp t nt] adj.足以胜任的;有能力的 ③forthcoming [ f θ k m ] adj.即将到来的;愿意提供信息的 ④heady [ hedi] adj.使兴奋的;使有信心的 文中义:难懂的 ⑤sideline [ sa dla n] v.使退出比赛;使靠边 n.副业;边线
派生 词/合 成词 ①absorb vt.吸引→absorbing [ b z b ] adj.引人入胜的;吸引人的 ②understand vt.理解→understandable [ nd st nd bl] adj.可理解的 ③inform v.告知→informative [ n f m t v] adj.提供信息的;见闻广博的 ④academic adj.学术的→unacademic [ n k dem k] adj.非学术的 ⑤roadmap n.路线图(road+map) ⑥extinction-level adj.灭绝级别的(extinction+level) ⑦downfall n.衰落(down+fall) ⑧ill-intentioned adj.怀有恶意的(ill+intention+-ed) ⑨down-to-earth adj.脚踏实地的(down+to+earth) ⑩structure→structured adj.有条理的
熟词 生义 ①power vt.驱动 ②honor v.表彰 ③academic n.学者 ④point n.观点
语块 动短:①make for促成 ②pose/address the challenges带来/应对挑战 ③keep control of控制 ④keep sth. under control控制住某物 ⑤pan out成功;结果;以一定方式发展 ⑥make joint efforts to do sth.共同努力做某事 ⑦give a brief account of简要介绍…… ⑧translate ... into ...将……翻译为……;将……转化为…… ⑨be packed with充满…… ⑩be intended for sb./sth.是为某人/某事物而设计的 名短:①step-by-step instruction循序渐进的指导 ②prior experience先前的经验 ③tipping point n.转折点 习语:①from a ... angle从……的角度 ②by the close结束时 ③on the same page意见一致 ④in the wrong hands落入不当之人手中
长难句分析
1.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
句意:她从商业人士(而非学者)的实用角度出发,使得这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富,读完之后,你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。
分析:句子主干是:She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic。 making for ... as AI是非谓语短语作伴随状语,其中嵌入两个 which 引导的定语从句,都修饰先行词 guide。
2.We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
句意:我们需要考虑如何规划我们与 AI的未来。这样的结构化思维,伴随着全球监管,将使我们能够实现伟大成就而不是走向衰落。
分析:第一句中“how we want our future with AI to pan out”是宾语从句。第二句中“followed by global regulation”是过去分词短语作状语。
完形填空
受周围地势的限制,挪威的留坎小镇在每年九月底到次年三月中旬这将近六个月的时间里都享受不到阳光。但是,一组高科技镜面通过反射原理让小镇居民第一次感受到了冬日里的暖阳。人们聚在广场上享受着阳光,惬意地生活着。
1.D 根据空后的“when the sun is shining”和下文的“We see the sky is 2 ”并结合语境可知,此处指虽然小镇有近半年的时间没有阳光照射,但是当太阳照耀时,小镇的人是能察觉到太阳的。notice “察觉”,符合语境。fear “害怕”; believe “相信”; hear “听到”。
2.B 根据空后的but和darker可知,设空处意思与darker相反;再根据首段对留坎小镇的地形描述可知,小镇在群山之中,小镇里的居民仰头可以看见蓝天,但是山谷里却是阴暗的。blue “蓝色的”,符合语境。
3.A 根据空前的破折号可知,此处是补充说明破折号前的内容,即高处湛蓝的天空衬托着阴暗的山谷,让人感觉山谷里像是阴天。cloudy “多云的;阴天的”,符合语境。normal “正常的”; different “不同的”; warm “温暖的”。
4.B 空前But为表转折的提示词,表示有变化发生。change “改变”,符合语境。help “帮助”; happen “发生”; matter “有关系”。
5.C 根据上文可知,镜面系统将安装在周边山峰,从山峰将阳光反射到小镇。此处表示小镇的居民在周三收到了第一缕冬日的阳光。receive “收到”,符合语境。remember “记得”; forecast “预报”; imagine “想象”。
6.D 根据第三段第一句中的“a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced”和空前的“residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知,此处指的是一组高科技反射镜面被投入使用。put sth. to use “将某物投入使用”,符合语境。
7.B 根据空前的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer”和空后的“to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather”可知,电脑的作用是来控制、管理这组反射镜面的。direct “指挥;管理”,符合语境。forbid “禁止”; predict “预言”; follow “跟随”。
8.A 根据上文可知,小镇居民有约半年的时间会在白天感受不到阳光,由此可排除C、D项;由常识可排除B项。此处应指这组镜面在白天将阳光反射给小镇居民。throughout the day “整日”,符合语境。
9.C 根据空后的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”和第四段中的“The town square”可知,这组镜面将光束集中反射到小镇的中心广场,光照的面积大约为600平方米。square “广场”,符合语境。library “图书馆”; hall “大厅”; street “街道”。
10.D 根据空后的“standing there and taking pictures of each other”可知,此处描述人们相聚在广场时热闹的场景。sit “坐”,符合语境。drive “驾驶”; hide “躲藏”; camp “宿营”。
11.B 根据下文的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知,有阳光的时候,几乎小镇上所有的居民都汇集到广场上了。故可推断此处表示这个小镇广场上挤满了人。full “满的”,符合语境。new “新的”; flat “平的”; silent “寂静的”。
12.C 上文提到光照的面积只有大约600平方米,而空前却说小镇有3 500人,故可推断出此处表示所有的居民不可能同时享受到阳光。enjoy “享受”,符合语境。block “阻挡”; avoid “避开”; store “储存”。
13.B 语法知识解题。空前一句提到光照范围不能让全体居民同时享受阳光,但空后内容表示光照对居民来说绰绰有余。故推断出此处为表示转折意义的词。however “但是;然而”,符合语境。instead “相反;而”; gradually “渐渐地”; similarly “类似地”。
14.D 熟词生义解题。由上文可知,小镇的居民一年中有将近六个月是享受不到阳光的。sun-starved “缺乏阳光的”,符合语境。nature-loving “热爱自然的”; energy-saving “节能的”; weather-beaten “饱经风霜的”。
15.A 并列关系解题。根据空后的but it is enough可知,此处表达与之相反的意思“它(指大约600平方米的照射面积)虽然不是很大”。big “大的”,符合语境。
语法填空
文章讲述了中国政府落实“科教兴国”战略过程中一个具体的案例。
1.what 考查宾语从句。“ 1 inside”是宾语从句,从句缺少主语,指物,表“所……的东西”用what引导宾语从句。
2.from 考查介词。句意:很快,几个机器人被小心翼翼地从车上卸下来,开始以一致的人类动作跳舞。短语unload from表“从……卸下”。故填from。
3.gently 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词extend,应用副词作状语,故填gently。
4.but 考查固定句型。此处是not ... but ... 表“不是……而是……”。故填but。
5.aiming 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语, The bus 与aim是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填aiming。
6.country’s 考查名词所有格。此处country与areas为所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。故填country’s。
7.shortage 考查词形转换。空处作介词with的宾语,空前是冠词a,故填名词构成短语a shortage of,表“短缺”。故填shortage。
8.qualified 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语,空处填非谓语, qualify与equipment为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填qualified。
9.have walked/have been walking 考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语Since February可知,表示过去的动作对现在的影响,应用现在完成时;或表示发生在过去的动作不间断进行到现在,用现在完成进行时,主语为 “scientists, science educators and science museum staff”,助动词用have。故填have walked/have been walking。
10.to strengthen 考查非谓语动词。句意:去年5月,教育部和其他部门发布了一份加强中小学科学教育的文件,承诺在三到五年内确保一个更完善的系统到位。此处表目的,应用不定式作目的状语。故填to strengthen。(共40张PPT)
限时练
选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4
阅读 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：文学 难
度：★★★☆☆
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著的AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景,强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
1.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
词句猜测题。第二段主要介绍了《人工智能设计》这本书的作者信息。由画线词后文中的 but 可知，所在句子前后语义转折。but
答案与解析
后是一般现在时描述一种事实，指出这本书的作者 Campbell 拥有二十多年的专业经验，能将枯燥难懂的内容变得很通俗易懂。but 前提到，这本书可能会像计算机代码一样复杂难懂，其中 could 表示一种假设或可能情况，由此可推知，but前应该是假设一个除 Campbell 之外的作者写出这本书的情况。此处的“错误的人”指的是不太称职的人，与作者形成对比，突出这本书的作者的专业。
答案与解析
2.What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
It is packed with complex codes.
B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions.
D. It is intended for AI professionals.
细节理解题。第二段最后一句提到，《人工智能设计》这本书的作者从商业人士(而非学者)的实用角度出发，使得这本书极易理解、内容丰富。这意味着该书不会涉及过于复杂或技术性的语言,而是旨在为广泛读者群体提供易于理解的、接地气的内容。B 项中的 down-to-earth 同义替换文中的 practical和“highly accessible”。
答案与解析
3.What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
推理判断题。第三段最后一句中，Campbell 建议必须保持对人工智能的控制。第四段指出，Campbell 期望科技公司和世界领导人与当前正在开发它的所有专家保持一致，并表示人类处在历史的
“转折点”，必须立即采取行动，以防止面临灭绝级别的事件。这表明了她呼吁人们共同努力来控制AI的发展,以避免潜在的灾难。C项中的“keep it under control”同义替换文中的“keep control of artificial intelligence”。
答案与解析
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI.
B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI.
D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
写作意图题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了新书《人工智能设计:与人工智能共生的计划》；第二段介绍了该书作者的背景；第三到四段概述了书中的主要论点和观点及其意义；第五段进行总结,再次强烈推荐这本书。由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了推荐一本有关 AI的书。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 ①given [ ɡ vn] prep.鉴于；考虑到 adj.特定的；假设的
②competent [ k mp t nt] adj.足以胜任的；有能力的
③forthcoming [ f θ k m ] adj.即将到来的；愿意提供信息的 ④heady [ hedi] adj.使兴奋的；使有信心的 文中义：难懂的 ⑤sideline [ sa dla n] v.使退出比赛；使靠边 n.副业；边线
派生 词/合 成词 ①absorb vt.吸引→absorbing [ b z b ] adj.引人入胜的；吸引人的 ②understand vt.理解→understandable [ nd st nd bl] adj.可理解的 ③inform v.告知→informative [ n f m t v] adj.提供信息的；见闻广博的 ④academic adj.学术的→unacademic [ n k dem k] adj.非学术的 ⑤roadmap n.路线图(road+map) ⑥extinction-level adj.灭绝级别的(extinction+level) ⑦downfall n.衰落(down+fall) ⑧ill-intentioned adj.怀有恶意的(ill+intention+-ed) ⑨down-to-earth adj.脚踏实地的(down+to+earth) ⑩structure→structured adj.有条理的
积累
熟词生义 ①power vt.驱动 ②honor v.表彰 ③academic n.学者 ④point n.观点
积累
语块 动短：①make for促成 ②pose/address the challenges带来/应对挑战 ③keep control of控制 ④keep sth. under control控制住某物
⑤pan out成功；结果；以一定方式发展 ⑥make joint efforts to do sth.共同努力做某事 ⑦give a brief account of简要介绍……
⑧translate ... into ...将……翻译为……；将……转化为……
⑨be packed with充满……⑩be intended for sb./sth.是为某人/某事物而设计的
名短：①step-by-step instruction循序渐进的指导
②prior experience先前的经验 ③tipping point n.转折点
习语：①from a ... angle从……的角度 ②by the close结束时
③on the same page意见一致④in the wrong hands落入不当之人手中
积累
长难句分析
1.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
句意：她从商业人士(而非学者)的实用角度出发，使得这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富,读完之后,你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。
分析:句子主干是:She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic。 making for ... as AI是非谓语短语作伴随状语,其中嵌入两个 which 引导的定语从句,都修饰先行词 guide。
2.We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
句意：我们需要考虑如何规划我们与 AI的未来。这样的结构化思维,伴随着全球监管，将使我们能够实现伟大成就而不是走向衰落。
分析：第一句中“how we want our future with AI to pan out”是宾语从句。第二句中“followed by global regulation”是过去分词短语作状语。
长难句分析
完形填空 (全国卷Ⅲ改编) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术 难度：★★★☆☆
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—nearly six months out of the year.
“Of course, we 1 it when the sun is shining,” says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is 2 , but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 3 day.”
But that 4 when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 6 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 7 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central 9 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light appeared, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been 10 there and standing there and taking pictures of each other,” Ro says. “The town square was totally 11 . I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all 12 the sunshine at the same time. 13 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 14 residents.
“It’s not very 15 ,” she says, “but it is enough when we are sharing.”
1.A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
2.A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
3.A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
4.A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
5.A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
6.A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
7.A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
8.A. day B. night C. month D. year
9.A. library B. hall C. square D. street
10.A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. sitting
11.A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
12.A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
13.A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
14.A. nature-loving B. energy-saving
C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
15.A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
受周围地势的限制，挪威的留坎小镇在每年九月底到次年三月中旬这将近六个月的时间里都享受不到阳光。但是，一组高科技镜面通过反射原理让小镇居民第一次感受到了冬日里的暖阳。人们聚在广场上享受着阳光，惬意地生活着。
1.D 根据空后的“when the sun is shining”和下文的“We see the sky is 2 ”并结合语境可知，此处指虽然小镇有近半年的时间没有阳光照射,但是当太阳照耀时,小镇的人是能察觉到太阳的。notice “察觉”，符合语境。fear “害怕”; believe “相信”; hear “听到”。
答案与解析
2.B 根据空后的but和darker可知，设空处意思与darker相反；再根据首段对留坎小镇的地形描述可知，小镇在群山之中，小镇里的居民仰头可以看见蓝天,但是山谷里却是阴暗的。blue “蓝色的”,符合语境。
3.A 根据空前的破折号可知，此处是补充说明破折号前的内容，即高处湛蓝的天空衬托着阴暗的山谷,让人感觉山谷里像是阴天。cloudy “多云的；阴天的”，符合语境。normal “正常的”; different
“不同的”; warm “温暖的”。
答案与解析
4.B 空前But为表转折的提示词,表示有变化发生。change “改变”,符合语境。help “帮助”; happen “发生”; matter “有关系”。
5.C 根据上文可知，镜面系统将安装在周边山峰，从山峰将阳光反射到小镇。此处表示小镇的居民在周三收到了第一缕冬日的阳光。receive “收到”，符合语境。remember “记得”; forecast “预报”; imagine “想象”。
6.D 根据第三段第一句中的“a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced”和空前的“residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first
答案与解析
ray of winter sunshine”可知，此处指的是一组高科技反射镜面被投入使用。put sth. to use “将某物投入使用”，符合语境。
7.B 根据空前的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer”和空后的“to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather”可知,电脑的作用是来控制、管理这组反射镜面的。direct “指挥；管理”，符合语境。forbid “禁止”; predict “预言”; follow “跟随”。
答案与解析
8.A 根据上文可知，小镇居民有约半年的时间会在白天感受不到阳光，由此可排除C、D项；由常识可排除B项。此处应指这组镜面在白天将阳光反射给小镇居民。throughout the day “整日”，符合语境。
9.C 根据空后的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”和第四段中的“The town square”可知，这组镜面将光束集中反射到小镇的中心广场，光照的面积大约为600平方米。square “广场”，符合语境。library “图书馆”; hall “大厅”; street “街道”。
答案与解析
10.D 根据空后的“standing there and taking pictures of each other”可知，此处描述人们相聚在广场时热闹的场景。sit “坐”，符合语境。drive “驾驶”; hide “躲藏”; camp “宿营”。
11.B 根据下文的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知,有阳光的时候，几乎小镇上所有的居民都汇集到广场上了。故可推断此处表示这个小镇广场上挤满了人。full “满的”，符合语境。new “新的”; flat “平的”; silent “寂静的”。
答案与解析
12.C 上文提到光照的面积只有大约600平方米，而空前却说小镇有3 500人，故可推断出此处表示所有的居民不可能同时享受到阳光。enjoy “享受”，符合语境。block “阻挡”; avoid “避开”; store
“储存”。
13.B 语法知识解题。空前一句提到光照范围不能让全体居民同时享受阳光，但空后内容表示光照对居民来说绰绰有余。故推断出此处为表示转折意义的词。however “但是；然而”，符合语境。instead “相反；而”; gradually “渐渐地”; similarly “类似地”。
答案与解析
14.D 熟词生义解题。由上文可知，小镇的居民一年中有将近六个月是享受不到阳光的。sun-starved “缺乏阳光的”，符合语境。nature-loving “热爱自然的”; energy-saving “节能的”; weather-beaten “饱经风霜的”。
15.A 并列关系解题。根据空后的but it is enough可知,此处表达与之相反的意思“它(指大约600平方米的照射面积)虽然不是很大”。big “大的”，符合语境。
答案与解析
语法填空 (2025·湖北名校联盟联考) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术 难度：★★★☆☆
On the playground of a town school in Tanghe county in Central China’s Henan Province, a bus full of science kits stops by. It quickly draws a crowd of pupils eager to explore 1.__________ is inside.
Soon, several robots are carefully unloaded 2.__________ the bus and begin dancing with consistent human-like moves. The children watch cheerfully, bursting into laughter as the robots 3.__________ (gentle) extend their hands to invite them to join the dance.
what
from
gently
The bus was not a performance group of any kind 4.__________ a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, 5.__________ (aim) to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the 6.__________ (country) vast rural areas.
Lyu Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas are mostly faced with a 7.____________ (short) of teachers and equipment 8.____________ (qualify) for scientific education.
but
aiming
country’s
shortage
qualified
Since February, scientists, science educators and science museum staff 9.______________________________ (walk) into 18 town schools in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Henan and Gansu provinces. In May last year, the education ministry and other departments released a document 10._____________ (strengthen) scientific education in primary and secondary schools, promising to ensure that a more sound system will be in place in three to five years.
have walked/have been walking
to strengthen
文章讲述了中国政府落实“科教兴国”战略过程中一个具体的案例。
1.what 考查宾语从句。“ 1 is inside”是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，表“所……的东西”用what引导宾语从句。
2.from 考查介词。句意：很快，几个机器人被小心翼翼地从车上卸下来，开始以一致的人类动作跳舞。短语unload from表“从……卸下”。故填from。
答案与解析
3.gently 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词extend，应用副词作状语,故填gently。
4.but 考查固定句型。此处是not ... but ... 表“不是……而是……”。故填but。
5.aiming 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语, The bus 与aim是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填aiming。
6.country’s 考查名词所有格。此处country与areas为所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。故填country’s。
答案与解析
7.shortage 考查词形转换。空处作介词with的宾语,空前是冠词a，故填名词构成短语a shortage of，表“短缺”。故填shortage。
8.qualified 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语，空处填非谓语, qualify与equipment为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填qualified。
9.have walked/have been walking 考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语Since February可知，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时；或表示发生在过去的动作不间断进行到现在，用现在完
答案与解析
成进行时，主语为 “scientists, science educators and science museum staff”，助动词用have。故填have walked/have been walking。
10.to strengthen 考查非谓语动词。句意：去年5月，教育部和其他部门发布了一份加强中小学科学教育的文件，承诺在三到五年内确保一个更完善的系统到位。此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to strengthen。
答案与解析
