UNIT 5
阅读 A (外刊原味22) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术 难度:★★★☆☆ | The Times
Later this month, millions of Britons will rush to the shops on Black Friday, coming home to stuff their wardrobes full of polyester and nylon. But could it soon become the norm to fill them instead with mushrooms, seaweed and banana leaves
The fashion industry generates about 10 per cent of global carbon emissions and 20 per cent of wastewater. Aware that consumers are getting less tolerant of unsustainable supply chains, scientists and fashion designers are banking on foodstuffs becoming the fabrics (布料) of the future.
In Retford, a group of biodesigners has created a vegan leather made entirely from mycelium, the network of underground fungal threads from which fungus can sprout (长出). They have been working to develop a renewable fabric using the root source of reishi, the edible mushroom often used in Chinese medicine.
“It looks like a sci-fi process,” said Aurélie Fontan, Mykko’s founder. The strands are first cultivated in a petri dish (培养皿), cloned and then transferred over to large trays filled with soil where they grow “like a carpet”. The result is a yellowish material with a soft, suede-like (仿麂皮的) texture. Not only is the material biodegradable, but growing it consumes less water than many other materials and it takes up little space if grown vertically.
The challenge, however, is how to make it durable. Several designers are experimenting with mushroom leather, including Stella McCartney whose summer 2022 collection featured the world’s first luxury handbag crafted using fungi.However, it had to rely on a plastic coating to make it waterproof and so it doesn’t get mouldy (发霉). “We don’t use any plastic because we don’t see the point, otherwise we wouldn’t be doing this. What we work on is to train the mycelium to basically produce a more durable material,” Fontan explained.
Fontan thinks their mushroom leather will be ready to go on the market in three to five years. There it will encounter other “next-generation” materials like pineapple leather, soy cashmere and rose petal silks.
1.What do the underlined words “banking on” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Taking down. B. Bringing up. C. Breaking down. D. Counting on.
2.What can we learn about the current mushroom leather
A. It is created from reishi. B. It occupies little space.
C. It may not be hard-wearing. D. It is soft and water resistant.
3.What is Fontan’s attitude towards the prospect of future sustainable fabrics
A. Sceptical. B. Conservative. C. Ambiguous. D. Optimistic.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. “Next-generation” Fabrics: Grown from Mushrooms
B. From Lab to Label: Designers Put the Fungi into Fashion
C. From Polyester to Mushroom: A Future of Wardrobes
D. Sci-fi Materials: New Favorite of the Fashion Frontier
阅读 B (全国卷Ⅰ) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:自然科学研究 难度:★★★☆☆
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
5.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants.
6.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A. To detect plants’ lack of water. B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants.
7.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants.
8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Can we grow more glowing plants B. How do we live with glowing plants
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free
语法填空 (2025·T8联考) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:建筑 难度:★★★☆☆
In a forest on the outskirts of Nanjing, China, 58-year-old real-estate 1.__________ (develop) Lu Jun, has his pride and joy: the Sifang Art Museum, a 21,528-square-foot art space comprised of numerous 2.__________ (function) spaces, as well as permanent and temporary exhibition venues. The museum 3.__________ (form) by a field of parallel (平行的) perspective spaces and garden walls in black bamboo-formed concrete over which a light “figure” hovers. The straight passages on the ground level gradually turn into the 4.__________ (wind) passage of the figure above. The upper gallery, 5.__________ (suspend) high in the air, unwraps in a clockwise turning order and ends at “in-position” viewing of the city of Nanjing in the distance.
The courtyard is paved with Old Hutong bricks recycled 6.__________ the destroyed courtyards in the center of Nanjing. Limiting the colors of the museum to black and white matches it to the ancient buildings in the city, and 7.__________ (give) a background to the artwork to be exhibited within. The Sifang Parkland is about the experience. The site is a living, ever evolving project that waits 8.__________ (experience) personally, as each visit will give a different, individual journey. Art and architecture exist harmoniously with nature here, and visitors can not only experience contemporary architectural spaces and art works, 9.__________ seek spiritual satisfaction away from the maddening noise of urban centers.
China’s wealthy people like Mr. Lu are underwriting 10.__________ major cultural boom, spending billions of yuan on grand buildings to showcase impressive collections of art, antiques and other cultural rarities.
限时练
阅读
A 时装业产生了全球约10%的碳排放量和20%的废水。科学家和时装设计师意识到,消费者对不可持续的供应链的容忍度越来越低,他们创造了一种完全由菌丝体制成的人造皮革。
1.D 词句猜测题。画线词前文提到消费者对不可持续的供应链的容忍度越来越低,因此科学家和时装设计师开始指望把食品变为将来的布料。画线词意为“指望”, 与count on 同义。
2.C 细节理解题。第五段介绍这种蘑菇材料的耐用性问题,并列举Stella McCartney在2022夏装推出的奢侈品手袋利用了蘑菇材料,但是加入了塑料涂层以防水,并利用Fontan的话总结:我们致力于训练菌丝体,使其生产出更耐用的材料。由此可知, 现在这种材料不耐用, hard-wearing “耐磨的”是原文durable的同义转述。
3.D 观点态度题。最后一段提到了蘑菇材料的前景: 3到5年内上市,届时可能会有菠萝皮革、大豆羊绒和玫瑰花瓣丝绸等其他“下一代”材料。由此可知, Fontan对未来的可持续性织物的态度是乐观的。
4.B 标题归纳题。第一段引入话题, 第二段提出主旨: 科学家和时装设计师用食品研发织物。第三和第四段介绍蘑菇皮革的原理、特点;第五段介绍蘑菇皮革的问题: 不耐用、不防水;第六段介绍蘑菇皮革的前景。由此不难推出B项,“从实验室到品牌:设计师将真菌引入时尚圈” 紧扣主旨,作为标题新颖合适。
积
①norm n.常态;正常行为 ②tolerant adj.容忍的 ③cultivate vt.种植;栽培;培育 ④vertically adv.垂直地 ⑤waterproof adj.防水的(同:water resistant)
B 科学家们致力于研究人与植物之间的关系,并使用科技手段来改造植物。本文主要介绍了针对 “发光植物”的研究,包括其现有成果、对该项技术的预期和畅想及其可能产生的积极影响。
5.D 段落大意题。根据第一段中的positive effects及所举的两个例子(绿化多的区域犯罪率低以及绿植多的办公区域员工的工作效率更高)可知,本段主要介绍的是绿色植物给人们带来的益处。故选D项。
6.A 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息sensors printed on plant leaves可定位至文章第二段。根据第二段第二句中的 “These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water”可知,这些传感器是用来检测植物是否缺水的。故选A项。
7.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可知,“发光植物”可以减少由于远距离输送而产生的电力资源的浪费,从而节约能源。故选C项。
8.C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文第一、二段为导入部分,引出科学家正在进行与植物相关的各种实验这一话题,从第三段开始重点介绍“发光植物”的实验,结合第三段中的 “The technology ... could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.”可知,未来“发光植物”有可能取代电灯,用来给房间和街道照明,后文围绕其继续展开介绍,说明发光植物可能给人们带来的益处,故C项(发光植物有可能取代灯吗 )最适合作为本文的标题。
语法填空
本文介绍了位于中国南京的四方美术馆。该美术馆展示了现代艺术、建筑与自然融合,注重个体体验的突出特色。文章同时也强调了它的开发商陆军投资兴建宏伟艺术空间来推动中国文化繁荣。
1.developer 考查词形转换。空处与Lu Jun是同位语,应用名词形式,表“开发商”,故填developer。
2.functional 考查词形转换。空处修饰spaces作定语,应用形容词, 表“功能的;实用的”,填functional。
3.is formed 考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文可知,此处描述的是一般情况,应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知,主语The museum和form为被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态,填 is formed。
4.winding 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,空处作passage的定语,表“曲折的;蜿蜒的”,应用wind的形容词。故填winding。
5.suspended 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,空处所在句已有谓语动词unwraps,此处应填非谓语动词。空处修饰名词短语The upper gallery, 且suspend与The upper gallery是逻辑上的动宾关系, 应用过去分词表被动作定语, 故填suspended。
6.from 考查介词。此处表示院子是由从南京城里的旧院子回收的老胡同的砖块铺就而成。from表“来自”。
7.gives 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语, 且与空前的matches并列,所填词形式应一致。故填gives。
8.to be experienced 考查非谓语动词。此处表这个美术馆等待着被体验,应用不定式的被动语态作宾语。故填to be experienced。
9.but 考查连词。根据前面的“visitors can not only experience contemporary architectural spaces and art works”可知,空处是与not only 相搭配的连词 but。故填 but。
10.a 考查冠词。空处表我国的富人们在投资推动文化繁荣,表泛指,应用不定冠词修饰后面的名词boom,故填a。(共29张PPT)
限时练
选择性必修第三册 UNIT 5
阅读 A (外刊原味22) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术 难度：★★★☆☆ | The Times
Later this month, millions of Britons will rush to the shops on Black Friday, coming home to stuff their wardrobes full of polyester and nylon. But could it soon become the norm to fill them instead with mushrooms, seaweed and banana leaves
The fashion industry generates about 10 per cent of global carbon emissions and 20 per cent of wastewater. Aware that consumers are getting less tolerant of unsustainable supply chains, scientists and fashion
designers are banking on foodstuffs becoming the fabrics (布料) of the future.
In Retford, a group of biodesigners has created a vegan leather made entirely from mycelium, the network of underground fungal threads from which fungus can sprout (长出). They have been working to develop a renewable fabric using the root source of reishi, the edible mushroom often used in Chinese medicine.
“It looks like a sci-fi process,” said Aurélie Fontan, Mykko’s founder. The strands are first cultivated in a petri dish (培养皿), cloned and then transferred over to large trays filled with soil where they grow “like a carpet”. The result is a yellowish material with a soft, suede-like (仿麂皮的) texture. Not only is the material biodegradable, but growing it consumes less water than many other materials and it takes up little space if grown vertically.
The challenge, however, is how to make it durable. Several designers are experimenting with mushroom leather, including Stella McCartney whose summer 2022 collection featured the world’s first luxury handbag crafted using fungi.However, it had to rely on a plastic coating to make it waterproof and so it doesn’t get mouldy (发霉). “We don’t use any plastic because we don’t see the point, otherwise we wouldn’t be doing this. What we work on is to train the mycelium to basically produce a more durable material,” Fontan explained.
Fontan thinks their mushroom leather will be ready to go on the market in three to five years. There it will encounter other “next-generation” materials like pineapple leather, soy cashmere and rose petal silks.
时装业产生了全球约10%的碳排放量和20%的废水。科学家和时装设计师意识到，消费者对不可持续的供应链的容忍度越来越低，他们创造了一种完全由菌丝体制成的人造皮革。
1.What do the underlined words “banking on” in paragraph 2 mean
Taking down. B. Bringing up.
C. Breaking down. D. Counting on.
词句猜测题。画线词前文提到消费者对不可持续的供应链的容忍度越来越低，因此科学家和时装设计师开始指望把食品变为将来的布料。画线词意为“指望”, 与count on 同义。
答案与解析
2.What can we learn about the current mushroom leather
A. It is created from reishi. B. It occupies little space.
C. It may not be hard-wearing. D. It is soft and water resistant.
细节理解题。第五段介绍这种蘑菇材料的耐用性问题，并列举Stella McCartney在2022夏装推出的奢侈品手袋利用了蘑菇材料，但是加入了塑料涂层以防水，并利用Fontan的话总结：我们致力于训练菌丝体，使其生产出更耐用的材料。由此可知, 现在这种材料不耐用, hard-wearing “耐磨的”是原文durable的同义转述。
答案与解析
3.What is Fontan’s attitude towards the prospect of future sustainable fabrics
Sceptical. B. Conservative.
C. Ambiguous. D. Optimistic.
观点态度题。最后一段提到了蘑菇材料的前景: 3到5年内上市，届时可能会有菠萝皮革、大豆羊绒和玫瑰花瓣丝绸等其他“下一代”材料。由此可知, Fontan对未来的可持续性织物的态度是乐观的。
答案与解析
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. “Next-generation” Fabrics: Grown from Mushrooms
B. From Lab to Label: Designers Put the Fungi into Fashion
C. From Polyester to Mushroom: A Future of Wardrobes
D. Sci-fi Materials: New Favorite of the Fashion Frontier
标题归纳题。第一段引入话题, 第二段提出主旨: 科学家和时装设计师用食品研发织物。第三和第四段介绍蘑菇皮革的原理、特点;第五段介绍蘑菇皮革的问题: 不耐用、不防水；第六段介绍蘑菇皮革的前景。由此不难推出B项，“从实验室到品牌：设计师将真菌引入时尚圈” 紧扣主旨，作为标题新颖合适。
答案与解析
积累
①norm n.常态；正常行为 ②tolerant adj.容忍的
③cultivate vt.种植；栽培；培育 ④vertically adv.垂直地
⑤waterproof adj.防水的(同：water resistant)
阅读 B (全国卷Ⅰ) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：自然科学研究 难度：★★★☆☆
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电
源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
科学家们致力于研究人与植物之间的关系，并使用科技手段来改造植物。本文主要介绍了针对 “发光植物”的研究，包括其现有成果、对该项技术的预期和畅想及其可能产生的积极影响。
5.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
段落大意题。根据第一段中的positive effects及所举的两个例子(绿化多的区域犯罪率低以及绿植多的办公区域员工的工作效率更高)可知，本段主要介绍的是绿色植物给人们带来的益处。故选D项。
答案与解析
6.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
To detect plants’ lack of water.
B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息sensors printed on plant leaves可定位至文章第二段。根据第二段第二句中的 “These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water”可知，这些传感器是用来检测植物是否缺水的。故选A项。
答案与解析
7.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
They will speed up energy production.
B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可知，“发光植物”可以减少由于远距离输送而产生的电力资源的浪费，从而节约能源。故选C项。
答案与解析
8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
Can we grow more glowing plants
B. How do we live with glowing plants
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free
标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文第一、二段为导入部分，引出科学家正在进行与植物相关的各种实验这一话题，从第三段开始重点介绍“发光植物”的实验，结合第三段中的 “The technology ... could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.”可知，未来“发光植物”有可能取代电灯，用来给房间和街道照明，后文围绕其继续展开介绍，说明发光植物可能给人们带来的益处，故C项(发光植物有可能取代灯吗 )最适合作为本文的标题。
答案与解析
语法填空 (2025·T8联考) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：建筑 难
度★★★☆☆
In a forest on the outskirts of Nanjing, China, 58-year-old real-estate 1.__________ (develop) Lu Jun, has his pride and joy: the Sifang Art Museum, a 21,528-square-foot art space comprised of numerous 2.____________ (function) spaces, as well as permanent and temporary exhibition venues. The museum 3._____________ (form) by a field of parallel (平行的) perspective spaces and garden walls in black bamboo-formed concrete over which a light “figure” hovers. The straight passages
developer
functional
is formed
on the ground level gradually turn into the 4.__________ (wind) passage of the figure above. The upper gallery, 5.___________ (suspend) high in the air, unwraps in a clockwise turning order and ends at “in-position” viewing of the city of Nanjing in the distance.
The courtyard is paved with Old Hutong bricks recycled 6.__________ the destroyed courtyards in the center of Nanjing. Limiting the colors of the museum to black and white matches it to the ancient buildings in the city, and 7.__________ (give) a background to the artwork to be exhibited within. The Sifang Parkland is about the
winding
suspended
from
gives
experience. The site is a living, ever evolving project that waits 8.__________________ (experience) personally, as each visit will give a different, individual journey. Art and architecture exist harmoniously with nature here, and visitors can not only experience contemporary architectural spaces and art works, 9.__________ seek spiritual satisfaction away from the maddening noise of urban centers.
China’s wealthy people like Mr. Lu are underwriting 10.__________ major cultural boom, spending billions of yuan on grand buildings to showcase impressive collections of art, antiques and other cultural rarities.
to be experienced
but
a
本文介绍了位于中国南京的四方美术馆。该美术馆展示了现代艺术、建筑与自然融合,注重个体体验的突出特色。文章同时也强调了它的开发商陆军投资兴建宏伟艺术空间来推动中国文化繁荣。
1.developer 考查词形转换。空处与Lu Jun是同位语，应用名词形式，表“开发商”，故填developer。
2.functional 考查词形转换。空处修饰spaces作定语,应用形容词, 表“功能的；实用的”，填functional。
答案与解析
3.is formed 考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文可知，此处描述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，主语The museum和form为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，填 is formed。
4.winding 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作passage的定语，表“曲折的；蜿蜒的”，应用wind的形容词。故填winding。
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5.suspended 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处所在句已有谓语动词unwraps，此处应填非谓语动词。空处修饰名词短语The upper gallery, 且suspend与The upper gallery是逻辑上的动宾关系, 应用过去分词表被动作定语, 故填suspended。
6.from 考查介词。此处表示院子是由从南京城里的旧院子回收的老胡同的砖块铺就而成。from表“来自”。
7.gives 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语, 且与空前的matches并列，所填词形式应一致。故填gives。
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8.to be experienced 考查非谓语动词。此处表这个美术馆等待着被体验，应用不定式的被动语态作宾语。故填to be experienced。
9.but 考查连词。根据前面的“visitors can not only experience contemporary architectural spaces and art works”可知，空处是与not only 相搭配的连词 but。故填 but。
10.a 考查冠词。空处表我国的富人们在投资推动文化繁荣，表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰后面的名词boom，故填a。
答案与解析
