29 第二部分 奠 基 篇 第1讲 构词法 课件-《高考快车道》2026版高三英语一轮总复习 译林版

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名称 29 第二部分 奠 基 篇 第1讲 构词法 课件-《高考快车道》2026版高三英语一轮总复习 译林版
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科目 英语
更新时间 2025-06-26 14:11:14

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(共61张PPT)
第二部分 
语法考点突破
奠 基 篇
第1讲 构词法
整体感知
解疑释惑
第一节 派生法
派生词是由词根加前缀或后缀重组而成的词。一般来说,词根决定单词意思,前缀改变单词意思,后缀决定单词词性。
(1)anti- (反对,抵抗,防止)
anti-ageing 抗衰老的      antibody 抗体
anti-war 反战的
(2)auto- (自动,自己)
automation 自动化 autobiography 自传
autonomous自主的;自治的
 前缀
(3)be- (使……,使……成为)
belittle贬低
befriend 做朋友;友善对待
(4)bi- (两,二)
bimonthly 两月一次(的)
bilingual 会说两种语言的
(5)co-/con-/com- (一起,共同,联合)
coexist共存 co-worker同事
(6)de- (去除,降低,减少)
decrease (使)降低;减少 dewater 脱水
(7)dis- (不,无;相反;取消,分离)
disability 缺陷 disclose揭露;透露
disappear 消失 distract使分心
(8)en- (使……成某种状态;表示向里之意;只作加强意义)
enable使能够 enrich使丰富
ensure确保 enlarge 扩大
(9)ex- (出,外,由……弄出;前任的,以前的)
export 出口 exclude不包括
exit出口 extract提取;拔出
(10)extra- (额外的,超过的)
extraordinary非凡的
extracurricular课外的
(11)fore- (前,先;预告)
forehead 前额 forefather 祖先
forearm 前臂 foretell 预知
(12)il- (无,不,非,用在l之前)
illegal非法的 illogical不合逻辑的
illiterate不识字的
(13)im- (无,不,非,用在b、m、p前;向内;加强意义)
impatient不耐烦的 immoral不道德的
import进口 impolite 不礼貌的
(14)in- (不,无,非;内,入)
independent独立的 incomplete 不完整的
incorrect 不正确的 informal非正式的
(15)inter- (在……之间,……际;相互)
international国际的 interview面试;采访
(16)ir- (无,不,非,用在r前)
irregular不整齐的;不规则的 irrational不合理的
(17)micro- (微小,微)
microscope显微镜 microwave微波
(18)mini- (小的,短的,迷你的)
minibus小型公共汽车 miniskirt超短裙
(19)mis- (误,错,不)
misguide 误导 misunderstand 误解
(20)multi- (多)
multiculture多元文化
multilingual说多种语言的
(21)non- (非,无,不)
non-party 无党派的
non-English非英语的
(22)over- (过多,过度;颠倒,反转)
overburden负担过重 overestimate高估
overstate言过其实 overweight超重的
(23)out- (超过;向外的)
outweigh重于;超过 outnumber数量超过
(24)post- (在后,后;邮件,邮政)
postgraduate 研究生 post-war 战后的
(25)pre- (在前;预先)
preheat 预先加热 prehistory 史前时期
(26)pro- (向前,在前)
progress进步 prospect希望;前景
(27)re- (回,再,重新)
recycle 再利用 reconsider 重新考虑
(28)Sino- (中国的)
Sino-American中美的
Sino-Japanese中日的
(29)sub- (下;次,亚,准;副,分支,下级)
subway地铁 sub-zero零度以下的
(30)super- (超级,在……之上,过度)
supermarket 超市 superhero 超级英雄
(31)sur- (上,外,超)
surface表面
surrealism超现实主义
(32)tele- (远的;电视的;通过电话的)
telescope 望远镜 television 电视
(33)trans- (横穿,从一端到另一端,转移)
transform 使改变形态 transport运输
(34)un- (不,无,非,未;取消;相反动作)
unable 未能 unhealthy 不健康的
(35)under- (下;内;不足,少)
underline在(词语等下)画线
underestimate低估
(36)vice- (副)
vice-chairman 副主席
vice-president副总统,副总裁
Ⅰ.根据左边的提示和前缀,写出右边单词的词义
1.virus n.病毒→ antivirus adj.________
2.forest n.森林→ deforest v.________
3.honorable adj.光荣的→dishonorable adj.________________
4.branch n.树枝→ disbranch v.__________
5.trust n.信任→ entrust v.____
抗病毒的
砍伐森林
可耻的;不光彩的
修剪;剪断
托付
6.fold v.折叠→ unfold v.____
7.maker n.制造者→ automaker n.__________
8.annual adj.每年的→ biannual adj.__________
9.blog n.博客→ microblog n.____
10.conference n.会议→teleconference n.________
展开
汽车制造商
一年两度的
微博
电话会议
Ⅱ.给提示词加上适当的前缀,并用其正确形式填空
1.My father is a lawyer,but he ________________________ (courage) me from entering the field.
2.The real goal of ___________ children to participate in physical activity is not to look for talented athletes but _____________ children to have fun being active.(courage)
discouraged/discourages
encouraging
to encourage
3.A good strategy to increase memory is ___________________(view) the material you are trying to remember often.
4.As a news reporter,he attached much importance to the _________(view).
5.Traditional festivals ______(able) us to learn about fine Chinese values.
6.Anxious all the time,I was ______(able) to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
to review/reviewing
interview
enable
unable
1.名词后缀
(1)-al
①构成抽象名词,表示行为、状况、事情
approve—approval 批准  arrive—arrival到达
②表示人
crime—criminal犯罪分子
intellect—intellectual 知识分子
 后缀
(2)-ance (构成抽象名词,表示状态、情况、性质、行为)
accept—acceptance接受
annoy—annoyance 恼怒
(3)-ence (构成抽象名词,表示性质、状态、行为)
compete—competence竞争,竞赛
exist—existence存在
(4)-er,-or,-ar
①表示人
begin—beginner新手  report—reporter记者
invent—inventor 发明家
govern—governor统治者
scholar学者 liar说谎的人
②表示物
cook—cooker炊具
fold—folder文件夹;纸夹
wash—washer洗衣机 heat—heater加热器
(5)-ee (人,被动者),-er (人,主动者)
employer 雇用者
employee 雇员(被雇用者)
trainee 受训者
(6)-eer (专做某种工作或从事某种职业的人)
engineer 工程师 volunteer 志愿者
(7)-ess (女性,雌性)
waitress女服务员 stewardess女乘务员
(8)-ist (专业人员,……主义者)
socialist 社会主义者 dentist牙医
(9)-ant (做……的人)
assist—assistant助手
consult—consultant顾问
(10)-(i)an (精通……的人)
music—musician音乐家
politics—politician 政治家
(11)-ity,-ty,-y (……的状态,……的事物)
similar—similarity 相似   real—reality现实
(12)-ation (行为,情况,状态)
prepare—preparation准备
relax—relaxation放松
(13)-ce (性质,状态)
absent—absence 缺席
consequent—consequence结果
(14)-cy (性质,状态,行为,职权,职务)
accurate—accuracy精确
adequate—adequacy足够;适当
(15)-dom (情况,状态,性质,身份)
free—freedom 自由 wise—wisdom 智慧
(16)-ure,-ture,-ature (……的行为,……的结果)
fail—failure失败 sign—signature 签名
(17)-ment (……的动作,……的结果)
argue—argument 争论;论据
achieve—achievement 成就
(18)-hood (构成抽象名词,表示时间、情况、状态、性质、身份、资格等)
childhood童年     neighbo(u)rhood街区
(19)-(i)bility [由“-(i)ble + -ity”构词,表示可……性、易……性、可……]
able—ability能力 flexible—flexibility灵活性
(20)-ing
①表示行为、状态、情况及其他
begin—beginning开始
belong—belongings财产
②表示……行业、……学、……术、……法
farm—farming农业
garden—gardening园艺
(21)-ion (构成抽象名词,表示行为、行为的过程或结果、情况、状态)
①以t或s结尾的动词,直接加-ion
act—action行为;活动
conduct—conduction 传导
construct—construction 建筑
特殊词:expect—expectation期待
②以不发音字母e (te,de除外) 结尾的动词,常去掉e,再加上-ation或-ition。
admire—admiration羡慕
separate—separation分离
特殊词:invite邀请—invitation邀请
③以d或de结尾的动词,先改d或de为s,再加-ion
conclude—conclusion总结
decide—decision决定
extend—extension延伸
persuade—persuasion说服
特殊词:attend—attention注意,专心
intend—intention 目的,意图
④以mit结尾的动词,改mit为miss,再加上-ion
admit—admission承认,允许进入,进入权
⑤词干变化,再加-tion
describe—description描述
satisfy—satisfaction满意
(22)-th (……的状态)
grow—growth成长
strong—strength力气;优点
(23)-ful (……的量)
hand—handful一把
mouth—mouthful一口
(24)-ship (性质,身份,技能,集体)
hardship 艰难
leadership领导(地位)
(22)-th (……的状态)
grow—growth成长
strong—strength力气;优点
(23)-ful (……的量)
hand—handful一把
mouth—mouthful一口
(24)-ship (性质,身份,技能,集体)
hardship 艰难
leadership领导(地位)
(25)-ness (……的状态)
aware—awareness意识
sad—sadness伤心
(26)-logy,-graphy,-ics,-(e)ry [……学(说)]
biology生物学 ecology生态学
(27)-ization (表示行为的过程或结果,“……化”,与动词后缀-ize相对应)
computer—computerize—computerization计算机化
modern—modernize—modernization现代化
2.形容词后缀
(1)-able
①“v.+able”(表示能……的、可以……的、适合于……的、值得……的)
adapt—adaptable可适应的
cure—curable可治愈的
②“n.+able”(表示具有……特点的)
fashion—fashionable 时髦的
favo(u)r—favorable赞许的;有利的
(2)-ible (可……的,能……的,易……的或具有某种性质的)
responsible负责的 
incredible不可信的
(3)-al (属于……的,具有……性质的,如……的)
accident—accidental偶然的
condition—conditional有条件的
logic—logical符合逻辑的
economic—economical经济的,节约的
(4)-ful (富有……的,充满……的,易于……的)
faith—faithful忠实的
fruit—fruitful成果丰硕的
(5)-ic (……的)
drama—dramatic戏剧的,富有戏剧性的
system—systematic系统的
(6)-ical (……的)
theory—theoretical理论的
type—typical 典型的
(7)-ish (如……的,有……性质的)
childish如小孩的,幼稚的 
girlish如少女的
(8)-ive (有……倾向的,有……性质的)
produce—productive多产的
progress—progressive进步的
(9)-ate (充满……的,有……的特点)
passion—passionate热情的
consider—considerate考虑周到的
(10)-ous (具有……的特点)
adventure—adventurous冒险的
space—spacious宽敞的
(11)-some (引起/令人……的)
trouble—troublesome引起麻烦的
tire—tiresome令人厌烦的
3.动词后缀
(1)-ize/-ise (使,使……化;以……方式)
globe—globalize 全球化
modern—modernize现代化
(2)-(i)fy [使得,使……变成;使(某人)充满(某种感情)]
simply—simplify 简化   pure—purify净化
(3)-(e)n (使具有某种特性)
quick—quicken 加快
short—shorten (使)变短
(4)-ate (使具有某种性质)
origin—originate 发源;起源
active—activate (使)活动;激活
4.副词后缀
(1)-ly
①直接加-ly
actual—actually实际上
fortunate—fortunately幸运地
②(b,p,t)le结尾,去e加-(l)y
gentle—gently温和地  whole—wholly完全地
③以ic结尾加-ally
energetic—energetically精力充沛地
basic—basically大体上,基本上
特殊词:public—publicly公开地
④以“辅音+y”结尾,把y变i再加-ly
happy—happily高兴地
特殊词:shy—shyly害羞地
(2)-ward(s) (向,朝)
afterward(s) 以后,后来 backward(s) 向后地
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1.The government wants to _______ (tough) the existing drug controls.
2.So far the well-known __________ (journal) has accumulated more than 4,000 interviews with famous people.
3.The famous ________ (music),as well as his students,was invited to perform at the New Year's party.
toughen
journalist
musician
4.The _________ (library) told the student that he should return the book in two weeks.
5.From time to time I look at the photo as a ________ (remind) to show respect to all animals.
6.I've been offered a job for three years as an _________ (assist) to Professor Hayes from Birmingham University.
7.She also stimulated his _________ (curious) and opened his mind to other cultures.
librarian
reminder
assistant
curiosity
8.Focusing on your _________ (strong) also helps you build your confidence.
9.In a good ________ (marry),both husband and wife work hard to solve any problem that arises in their daily life.
10.I didn't think our meeting was __________ (accident) —he must have known I would be there.
11.Our great wish is that let every ________ (examine) go to their desired university.
strengths
marriage
accidental
examinee
12.We all went back to our __________ (respect) homes to wait for news.
13.You should carry your __________ (member) card with you at all times.
14.In this spirit,the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour __________ (remark) sportspeople.
15.Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you _________________
(memory) it.
respective
membership
remarkable
memorize/memorise
16.Your research report is too long.You have to ________ (simple) it in two pages.
17.The course helps teenagers _______ (broad) their knowledge of the world of work.
18.Reeve became a passionate and _________ (energy) advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities.
19.The fight ended only with the ______ (time) arrival of the police.
20.By 1969 the Civil Rights Movement had already been an ___________ (establish) fact.
simplify
broaden
energetic
timely
established
1.合成形容词
warm-hearted热心的  cold-blooded冷血的
good-looking好看的
hard-working努力工作的
everlasting永恒的 never-ending 永无止境的
well known著名的 newly built新建的
high-speed高速度的 second-hand二手的
high-class高端的 duty-free免税的
 合成法
第二节 合成法和转化法
2.合成名词
(1)形容词+名词:blackboard黑板
whiteboard白板
(2)名词+名词:airport机场   eyesight视力
website网址
(3)副词+名词:underwear内衣
(4)动词-ing形式+名词:waiting room候机室
sleeping pill安眠药
(5)动词+名词:pickpocket扒手
(6)名词+动词:daybreak拂晓  haircut发型
heartbeat心跳  handshake握手
(7)动词+副词:breakthrough突破
breakdown崩溃;故障
(8)副词+动词:income收入   input输入
outbreak爆发 output产量;输出
3.合成动词
uplift 高举 whitewash 粉刷 uphold 支持
翻译下列词块
1.a trouble-free life ______________
2.handmade clothes ______________
3.a second-class ticket __________
4.a remote-controlled toy car ______________
5.top-secret information ________
无忧无虑的生活
手工制作的衣服
一张二等票
一辆遥控玩具车
绝密信息
6.a first-hand experience ________
7.the award-winning TV drama __________
8.an all-weather tennis court ________________
9.a groundbreaking study ______________
10.a diet-related change ____________________
11.full-time education __________
12.a short-sighted decision __________________
亲身体验
获奖电视剧
一个全天候网球场
一项突破性研究
一个与饮食相关的变化
全日制教育
一个目光短浅的决定
转化法指的是不添加任何成分,不改变词形,把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法。
 转化法
1.转化为动词
(1)名词转化为动词
book your ticket预定你的票
seat a thousand people 容纳一千人
head for 朝……前进
lunch together一起吃午餐
bridge over our difficulties 跨越我们(面临)的困难
(2)形容词转化为动词
better our living conditions 改善我们的生活条件
lower his voice降低他的声音
(3)副词转化为动词(有少数副词可以转化为动词)
Murder will out.(谚语)纸包不住火。
2.转化为名词
(1)形容词转化为名词
the old 老年人
a natural for...天生适合……的人
(2)动词转化为名词
a man of strong build 一个体格健壮的人
写出下列单词的词性以及词义
1.Can you pour some water into that empty vase
She emptied the water out of the vase. ( )
2.Each apartment is a house which six people live in.
Each apartment can house a family of six. ( )
adj.空的;v.倒空
n.房子;v.容纳
3.If you want to cry,cry on my shoulder.
As teenagers,we must shoulder the responsibility of our nation.
( )
4.When the earthquake happened,people flooded to the playground.
There is a flood of people attending the lecture. ( )
5.He walked on a carpet of grass.
The forest floor was carpeted with wild flowers. ( )
n.肩膀;v.承担
v.涌入;n.大量
n.一层;v.覆盖
谢 谢!
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