课时数智作业(二十三)
必修第三册 UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2025·安徽滁州模拟)
Big Thinkers Series
The Big Thinkers Series from New Scientist events features four online talks，covering a wide range of topics by world-class scientist speakers and experts．If you are curious about your planet or your universe，then this series is your place to hear the latest research．
Save ￡20 off the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket to all four talks in the Big Thinkers Series (available on demand) or purchase single tickets for just ￡13 per lecture (available by early booking)．
Reality＋：From the Matrix to the Metaverse with David Chalmers
In this talk，philosopher David Chalmers argues that Metaverse-style virtual worlds experienced through headsets are also genuine and meaningful realities and we can live a meaningful life in VR．
What We Don't Know About Gravity with Claudia de Rham
We are all familiar with the concept of gravity．In this talk，Professor Claudia de Rham will explore how much we actually know about gravity and how much more there is left to uncover．
A Brief History of Timekeeping with Chad Orzel
From Stonehenge to atomic clocks，here is the 5，000-year history of how science is used to mark time．Chad Orzel，the internationally bestselling author of How to Teach Quantum Physics to Your Dog，offers us a witty journey through scientific theory and quirky (离奇的) historical detail．
Physics at the End of the Universe with Katie Mack
The Big Bang theory tells the story of the beginning of the universe for the last 13.8 billion years．But how does the story end？Join astronomer Katie Mack as she shares what modern astrophysics(天体物理学) tells us about the final fate of the universe．
1．How much does a series ticket cost？( )
A．￡13． B．￡20． C．￡30． D．￡32．
2．What will Chad Orzel lecture in？( )
A．The genuine reality．
B．The secrets of gravity．
C．The history of time marking．
D．The final fate of the universe．
3．What do the four talks have in common？( )
A．They are all aimed at science lovers．
B．They are all concerned with gravity．
C．They will all be given by bestselling authors．
D．They will all be given by excellent physicians．
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·江苏南通模拟)
When wind blows through a bigleaf maple (大叶枫)，paper-thin，wing-like seeds called samaras gently spin towards the ground．The fruit's tissue allows the wind to guide it further away from the tree．Inspired by the seeds，researchers designed a tiny，winged microchip，no larger than a grain of sand，that is powerful enough to monitor environmental pollution and airborne diseases．
Called the microflier，the microchip has no motor to push it forward in the air but instead was designed to catch the wind．To perfect the microchip's flying capability and shape，scientists took inspiration from the forms of various airborne seeds．The research team improved various designs until the microfliers flew slowly and more steadily than nature's samara seeds．The slower falling rate allows the microchip to keep flying for longer，which gives it more time to collect data and monitor air pollutants and airborne diseases．
To perfect the microflier's flight，researchers took inspiration from children's pop-up books to create the three-dimensional wings．Usually，electronic microchips are flat，two-dimensional objects，but something flat won't take flight．To make the 3-D shape，John A．Rogers and his team built a stretched rubber base that the microchip rests on．The wings pop into flight mode when the rubber base is relaxed．
The chip gathers data with sensors across its surface that can sense and monitor pH levels，test for heavy metals or chemicals，and track air pollution．An antenna (天线) on the microflier then sends all the collected data to a computer or a phone．Rogers and his team are planning to test out the electronic chips soon by dropping thousands of the chips in a field．The microfliers will change color depending on the number of heavy metals present in the field where they land．A drone will then fly over the area and take photos of the microflier's colors，allowing researchers to map out the pollutants．
Rogers and his team also designed the microchips to break down over time to prevent environmental pollution．
4．What is the winged microchip designed to do？( )
A．Guide seeds from the tree．
B．Prevent airborne diseases．
C．Keep track of air quality．
D．Catch the wind to fly away．
5．What do paragraphs 2 and 3 focus on？( )
A．Where researchers draw inspiration．
B．How the microflier has improved．
C．What the microchip does for humans．
D．Why the microflier flies more stably．
6．What will the researchers do with the microflier in the future？( )
A．Drop chips in the field．
B．Monitor the soil color．
C．Map out air pollutants．
D．Handle soil pollution．
7．Which of the following would be a suitable title for the text？( )
A．Winged Microchips for Monitoring the Environment
B．The Microflier：A Flying Device of Spreading Seeds
C．A Drone：A Photographer of the Microflier's Colors
D．Electronic Chips for Finding Airborne Diseases
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·安徽安庆模拟)
Heman Bekele is not a typical high school student．Rather than spending his free time playing video games or staring at his phone，this 14-year-old from Fairfax，Virginia was calling professors and conducting experiments to create a soap that could treat skin cancer，and to make it affordable for everyone who needs it．His work won him the grand prize in this year's 3M Young Scientist's Challenge，a competition that encourages kids to think of unique ways to solve everyday problems．
Growing up in Ethiopia，Bekele found in pity that people working outside were likely to end up getting skin cancer．Skin cancer did have cures and was treatable in most cases．However，the average price of skin cancer treatment globally was almost $40，000．Those shocking statistics really inspired him to create a more accessible solution．He started doing experiments and working on different things，and that turned his bar of soap into a project．
A lot of his research and development started in his family's kitchen and in his basement．But as he reached the final of the competition，he realized that he did need to do a little bit more outside of just his house．So he reached out to people at University of Virginia and people at Georgetown，and he got a lot of assistance．The number one person would be Deborah Isabelle，who helped him organize and structure his ideas during the final competition．Bekele said that he definitely couldn't have done that all by himself．
Bekele's award-winning soap is a compound-based bar of soap and it's charged with different cancer fighting chemicals．The color of the soap is a bit of a dark type of white and it has a rough surface，which could be a good exfoliant(去角质剂)．It does have a strong medicine smell and feel a bit stickier．The whole point of it is that even once you wash off the soap，the medicinal parts will stay on your skin．It can activate the body's immune cells to defend against cancer．
Bekele earned the title of America's Top Young Scientist and won $25，000 prize money and he was going to use it to continue research．He said，“I still need a lot of resources to be able to conduct this research，so this money will definitely help me achieve it．”
8．Why did Heman Bekele start working on creating the soap？( )
A．Because he thought it was a fun project．
B．Because he wanted to win a science competition．
C．Because he found skin cancer treatment unaffordable．
D．Because he wanted to create a unique soap for everyone．
9．What can we learn from Bekele's preparations for the final？( )
A．Well begun is half done．
B．Learn humbly，ask willingly．
C．Actions speak louder than words．
D．Hope for the best，prepare for the worst．
10．What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about？( )
A．What features the soap has．
B．How the soap is used．
C．What chemicals the soap contains．
D．How the soap is produced．
11．Which words can be used to describe Bekele according to the passage？( )
A．Patient and talented．
B．Friendly and ambitious．
C．Cautious and generous．
D．Caring and devoted．
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible．Trujillo，however，is an aerospace 1 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory 2 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器)．
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 3 exploring it？That's a tale of 4 written in the stars．
Born in 1983，even as a young girl Trujillo was 5 of her passion for science．But she doubted how far she'd be able to 6 in a male-dominated field．Then her dad offered to send her to Miami．Only 17 at the time，she 7 the offer．
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 8 to put herself through Miami Dade College．Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 9 ．But she didn't 10 ．“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity．”
Then came another life-changing moment．She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的) woman to be 11 to the NASA Academy．Later，she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center．
When the Perseverance rover 12 on the surface of Mars，it was 13 by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA's first-ever Spanish-language 14 ．
Trujillo's own story is a 15 that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars．
( )1．A．astronaut B．pilot
C．engineer D．guide
( )2．A．eager B．responsible
C．concerned D．grateful
( )3．A．actually B．hardly
C．accurately D．repeatedly
( )4．A．innovation B．kindness
C．passion D．sympathy
( )5．A．certain B．approved
C．afraid D．fond
( )6．A．respond B．rise
C．invest D．apply
( )7．A．made up B．turned up
C．picked up D．took up
( )8．A．measures B．activities
C．jobs D．courses
( )9．A．studies B．purchases
C．recreations D．trips
( )10．A．clarify B．fear
C．perceive D．complain
( )11．A．applied B．admitted
C．assigned D．introduced
( )12．A．originated B．generated
C．landed D．waited
( )13．A．accompanied B．distracted
C．estimated D．occupied
( )14．A．theory B．broadcast
C．comment D．performance
( )15．A．career B．information
C．competence D．proof
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2025·安徽黄山模拟)
假定你是李华，你校英文杂志社要举办以“与科学家跨时空对话(Talk to a Scientist Across Time and Space)”为主题的书信征文活动，请你写一封信给你最崇敬的一位科学家。内容包括：
1．表达对他(她)的崇敬之情；
2．解释你崇敬他(她)的原因。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
8 / 8课时数智作业(二十四)
必修第三册 UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2024·湖南岳阳模拟)
If you live on this planet，there's a decent chance you've seen the classic Star Trek episode，in which Captain Kirk and several members find themselves in what appears to be another universe．
These days，it seems the idea of the multiverse—many worlds—is having its Hollywood moment．Its appeal as a storytelling device is obvious—characters explore a multi-world with varying degrees of similarity to our own，as well as different versions of themselves．Hence，it has been fully established in mainstream pop culture．
While Hollywood can't seem to get enough of the multiverse，it remains deeply controversial (有争议的) among scientists．Advocates on the two sides show no mercy toward each other in their books，on their blogs．But physicists didn't pull the idea out of thin air—rather，several distinct lines of reasoning seem to point to the multiverse's existence．However，critics warn that making the multiverse legal could make it harder for the public to distinguish speculative (推测性的) theories from established facts，making it more difficult to keep pseudo-science (伪科学) at bay．Giving credit to such speculation risks “turning fundamental physics into pseudo-science”．
The multiverse controversy is rooted in the idea of test ability．If we can't interact with these other universes，or detect them in any way，some experts insist that reduces them to mere philosophical speculation．But Carroll，an advocate for “many worlds”，argues that mathematics is the language describing our physical theories．Since Schr dinger equation (方程)，on which quantum (量子) mechanics rests，predicts the existence of many worlds，so be it．
Could a more expansive view of the universe itself be the next breakthrough？As Siegfried puts it：“Every time in the past that we've thought，‘We've got it；this is what the whole universe is’—the people who've said，‘Maybe there's more than one of those'have always turned out to be right．”
1．Why is Hollywood so occupied with the multiverse？( )
A．It makes for engaging plots．
B．It is a much-talked-about topic．
C．It is helpful to popularize science．
D．It dominates the mainstream pop culture．
2．What do the underlined words in paragraph 3 probably mean？( )
A．Out of date． B．Out of place．
C．Out of nowhere． D．Out of question．
3．According to the opponents，the basic standard of fundamental physics is that ．( )
A．it can be detected somehow
B．it can be reasoned logically
C．it can be interpreted philosophically
D．it can be predicted by mathematics equations
4．What might be the author's attitude toward the multiverse？( )
A．Doubtful． B．Dismissive．
C．Unclear． D．Approving．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2025·安徽亳州模拟)
5G mobile technology has officially begun rolling out across the globe，which indicates a dynamic acceleration(加速) in our world of connectivity．It promotes operational cooperation tourism hasn't experienced before． 1 This is perceived from both the way the industry operates and the side of the traveler．
2 It's expected to offer organizations a wireless network that transforms the way people and machines use data．Unlike previous network generations，5G is now being seen as not just a consumer platform，but a primary communication platform that can also provide cloud connectivity and edge processing that can offer real-time business insights and automated responses，and eventually integrate the billions of Internet of Things(物联网) devices and data that are available．
As travel companies have transformed their operations with new digital systems，their focus has moved from the technology itself to the improved business outcomes and enhanced guest and passenger experiences driven by the technology． 3 With advanced connectivity speeds and low latency(延时)，guests can share their personal data to receive custom recommendations from travel companies in real time that should provide meaningful experiences． 4 For example，guests can involve themselves in viewing rooms and hotel facilities，or preview local attractions as they plan their trips．
To prepare to roll out this new technology，travel companies should ensure they have a thorough understanding of their guests'expectations on what makes a first-rank travel experience． 5
A．It also transforms the travel experience．
B．5G's capabilities can support that change．
C．5G offers significant security guarantee definitely．
D．However，people haven't got well prepared for the 5G era．
E．Virtual experiences give guests an early taste of the destination．
F．Then they should find ways to adapt their processes and services to meet them．
G．5G opens up a new way of accessing information and delivering business value．
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
The chime-bell，made of bronze，was a member of the percussion instrument(打击乐器) family in ancient China．It originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty，and reached its 1． (high) during the Warring States Period．It has shown our great achievement in bronze craft，our mastery of music science 2． the wisdom of our people in ancient China．
It consists 3． bells in different sizes arranged in the order of the pitch(音高)，which are hung on a huge bell-cot．Different tones can be produced when the bells 4． (ring) with a wooden hammer and a long stick，and beautiful music can be performed．The chime-bell's sound effect depends 5． (great) on its size and shape—the 6． (small) the bell，the higher the pitch but the lower the volume．
In 1978，Chinese archeologists found a huge underground music palace in the tomb of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State in Hubei Province．Among the 7． (item)，there are 65 articles of bronze chime-bells 8． (preserve) in good condition．These are the famous chime-bells of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State，the largest and most complete set of chime-bells 9． exists today in China．The largest bell is as high as about 152 cm，10． (weigh) over 200 kg．
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·长沙一中模拟)
Broken Shells
It was a warm summer afternoon at the Jersey shore．My four-year-old son and I just loved walking along the beach just before dinner．With a bucket in hand，we'd hit the sand and start our adventure．
I remember the days not so long ago when a trip to the beach was just unbearable for my little boy．My son，Will，was diagnosed with ASD (孤独症)．His sensitivities to sights，sounds，and touches would prevent us from enjoying everyday activities．The beach is now one of his favorite places to visit．
Presently，we are able to walk along the edge of the water almost daily in the summer months，looking for seashells to fill our bucket．On this particular day，there didn't seem to be too many shells washed up on the shore．Will began picking up whatever shells he saw lying in the sand．After a while，I looked into the bucket and saw nothing but broken shells．“Will，” I said，“all of these shells are broken and no good．” “You need to find shells like this，” I continued，as I held up a perfectly shaped shell．Will gave me a puzzled look and continued on his way，gathering whatever shells he saw and dropping them into the bucket．
I continued my search for some time，and again，I stopped，but this time I asked in a firm voice，“Will，why do you insist on filling our bucket with shells that are broken？” He looked up at me and replied，“Mom，there are more shells on the beach that are broken than perfect ones that you are searching for．We'll get the bucket filled faster with the broken ones．” “True，” I thought，“but who wants a bucketful of broken shells？” Will stared at me as if he knew what I was thinking．“Mom，these shells are broken，but they are still beautiful，” he added．Just then he began commenting on different shells'uniqueness．“It has the color purple on it．Mom，none of yours have purple on them．It reminds me of a clown (小丑)．This one is like the sun，and these ones are like butterfly wings，” he said with such pride．
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Touched by what he said，I realized changes are to be made to our shell trip．
Back home with great joy，we agreed to make more shell trips and build a “broken shell garden”．
5 / 5核心词汇 1．republic n．共和国，共和政体 2．deadly adj．致命的；十足的，彻底的 3．province n．省，省份 4．herb n．药草，香草；草本 5．experiment n．实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi．做试验，进行实验；尝试 6．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，考验 vi．& vt．测试，试验 7．household adj．家庭的，家用的，家务的 n．一家人，家庭 8．postpone vt．延迟，延期 9．sufficient adj．足够的，充足的 10．data n．数据，资料，材料 11．error n．错误，差错 12．wisdom n．智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 13．conduct vt．& vi．组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 14．electricity n．电，电能 15．theory n．学说，论；原理；看法，意见 16．thunderstorm n．雷雨，雷暴 17．metal n．金属 18．charge vt．& vi．充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管 19．electric adj．电的，发电的，电动的 20．standout adj．突出的 n．突出的人(或物) 21．bomb n．炸弹；核武器 vt．轰炸 22．credit n．赞扬，认可；信用 vt．存入金额；把……归于 23．authority n．权威，权力；官方 24．declare vt．表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 25．publish vt．出版，发行；发表；公布
阅读词汇 1．malaria n．疟疾 2．extract n．提取物；选录 vt．提取；选录；取出；设法得到 3．penicillin n．青霉素，盘尼西林 4．mould(AmE mold) n．霉菌；模具；类型 vt．浇铸；塑造 5．bacteria n．(sing．bacterium)细菌 6．lightning n．闪电 7．ribbon n．带子，丝带；带状物 8．atomic adj．原子能的；原子的 9．evil n．罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj．恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 10．intellectual adj．脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n．知识分子，脑力劳动者 11．mystery n．神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 12．evolution n．进化；演变，发展
拓展词汇 1．survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survive vi．& vt．生存；幸存，幸免于难→survivor n．幸存者 2．broad adj．广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv．广泛地→broaden vt．变宽，扩大……的范围 3．intend vi．& vt．想要，计划；意指→intention n．目的；意图；打算 4．limited adj．有限的→limit n．& vt．限制→limitation n．限制；局限；极限 5．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt．包含 6．beneficial adj．有益的，有用的→benefit n．益处 vt．对……有益处 vi．得益于 7．illustrate vt．说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n．图解，图示 8．surround vt．围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj．周围的→surroundings n．周围的环境 9．indicate vt．表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n．表明；暗示 10．accident n．意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→accidental adj．意外的；偶然的 11．intelligent adj．有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．才智 12．favour(AmE favor) vt．较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favourable adj．赞同的，支持的；有利的→favourite adj．最喜爱的 13．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n．政治(学)→political adj．政治的 14．involve vt．包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→involved adj．有关的；卷入的；复杂的 15．scientific adj．科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 16．moral adj．道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj．不道德的 17．apply vt．& vi．应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，敷用→applicant n．申请人 18．ignorance n．无知→ignorant adj．无知的；无礼的→ignore vt．忽视；不理睬 19．freedom n．自由→free adj．自由的；免费的→freely adv．自由地 20．permit vt．& vi．允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证→permission n．允许，许可
高频短语 1．refer to 查阅，查看；参考；提到，谈及 2．speed up (使)加速 3．pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 4．through trial and error 通过反复试验 5．by accident 偶然，意外地 6．with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 7．let sb．down 使某人失望 8．as to 关于，至于 9．take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 10．put forward 提出，提议，建议 11．make a difference有影响，起作用 12．thanks to 由于；幸亏 13．far from the truth远非事实 14．work out计算出；锻炼；顺利进行
句型公式 1．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history．(动词不定式作后置定语) 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 2．Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part．(过去分词短语作状语) 据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 3．However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments．(It was not until...that...强调句型) 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次实验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 4．Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know．(it作形式宾语) 现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
At age 14，Liu Ziming spotted a book on traditional Chinese medicine quite by accident and quickly developed a keen interest in it．He devoted himself to studying the subject，1．intending (intend) to become a doctor when he grew up．One day，a deadly disease struck his village．To find a cure，he 2．referred (refer) to many medical books and eventually discovered certain herbs that proved to be effective in treating the disease．The villagers'3．survival (survive) inspired him so much that he conducted more scientific experiments，acquiring 4．a broader knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine．At that time，due to limited funding and equipment，he had 5．difficulty (difficult) gathering sufficient data，but he managed to overcome all the challenges．Years later，his efforts paid off when he published a 6．nicely (nice) illustrated book on traditional Chinese medicine，which permits those 7．who are ignorant of it to benefit a lot．Liu Ziming often travelled around and delivered 8．lectures (lecture) in different provinces，encouraging doctors to apply the principles of traditional Chinese medicine 9．to their practice．He also urged authorities at all levels to grant doctors the freedom to do research in this field，emphasizing that Chinese doctors had the responsibility 10．to advance (advance) traditional Chinese medicine and make beneficial contributions to global health care．
1．intend vt．& vi．想要，计划；意指
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 3) The intention (intend) of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers．
②The Chinese paper-cutting exhibition to be held next weekend is said to be intended for the foreign students who are interested in Chinese culture．
句式升级
(普通表达)The programme was intended to provide help for the homeless and it turned out to be a great success．
(高级表达)The programme intended to provide help for the homeless，turned out to be a great success．(分词短语作定语)
(高级表达)The programme，with the intention of providing help for the homeless，turned out to be a great success．(介词短语作插入语)
◎intend doing/to do sth．打算做某事
◎be intended to do sth．目的是做某事
◎with the intention of doing sth．打算做某事；为了做某事
佳句输入
◎(2024·浙江1月卷改编)From my perspective，long rope jumping is an excellent choice for students who intend to stay fit while enjoying themselves．
从我的角度来看，学生想要保持健康，同时玩得开心的话，跳长绳是一个很好的选择。
2．postpone vt．延迟，延期
①I shall postpone making (make) a decision till I learn full particulars．
②In case of rain the mass meeting will be postponed till/until/to the first fine day．
词汇升级
(普通表达)They decided to put off having a baby to establish their careers．
(高级表达)They decided to postpone/delay having a baby to establish their careers．
◎postpone (doing) sth．推迟(做)某事
◎postpone...till/until/to...把……推迟到……
◎put off/delay doing sth．推迟做某事
佳句输入
◎(改编自《每日电讯》)The military training was postponed to/until the next Sunday because of the bad weather．
因为天气不好，军训被推迟到了下个周日。
3．involve vt．包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 2)As well as studying hard，I've been involved in social activities．
②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending (spend) quite a lot of time with students．
③The man said he involved himself (he) in this affair by accident not on purpose．
④Some people tried to stop the fight，but I didn't want to get involved (involve)．
词汇升级
(普通表达)It's of great significance to allow young people to join in social practice regularly．
(高级表达)It's of great significance to get young people involved in social practice regularly．
◎involve sb．in (doing) sth．使某人参与(做)某事
◎involve doing sth．包括或需要做某事
◎involve sb．doing sth．需要某人做某事
◎be/become/get involved in参与；与……有牵连；卷入；专注于
佳句输入
◎(2022·浙江1月卷改编)At the cultural festival，I got involved in a wide range of amazing activities from drama performances to artwork exhibitions．
在文化节上，我参与了各种各样的精彩活动，从戏剧表演到艺术作品展览。
4．apply vt．& vi．应用；申请；涂；有关
①(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6)Out of the thousands of applicants (apply)，eleven were selected，including a young woman from China．
②There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges．
③If you intend to apply for the job，you need to complete the online application (apply) form．
读后续写之动作描写
父亲在杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮他们收拾残局，扔掉烤焦的面包片。
Father applied some medicine to Jeff's hand，and then set about helping them clean up the mess and throw away the burnt toast．
◎apply (to sb．) for sth．(向某人)申请某物
◎apply...to...把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上
◎apply to...适应……；适用于……
◎apply oneself (to sth．/doing sth．)努力(做某事)
◎applicant n．申请人
◎application n．申请；申请书；适用
◎(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)If you are willing to apply yourself，I think you have a good shot at this writing contest．
如果你愿意努力，我认为你在这次写作比赛中有很好的机会。
5．refer to 查阅，查看；参考；提到，谈及
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)He refers to the personalities of these people as“Type T”，with the“T”standing for“thrill”．
②The Chinese refer to their language as Han，as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty．
应用文写作之语言学习
当他们在学习英语遇到困难时，他们通常会选择参考相关的学习材料或网页。
When they are faced with difficulty in studying English，they usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages．
◎refer to...as...把……称作……
◎refer...to...把……提交给……
◎reference n．提到，谈及；参考
◎in/with reference to 关于
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A girl I met one day told me she was training for a“super”，referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon．
有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为一场“超级马拉松”进行训练，这里的“超级马拉松”指的是一场52.4英里的双程马拉松。
6．[教材原句]Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part．据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。
①Touched (touch) by their enthusiastic expression of affection，Mabry thanked them all．
②Moved by their glorious deeds，Li Jiang is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future．
③Inspired (inspire) by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road．
读后续写之情感描写
沐浴着阳光，沿途的美景让人欣喜不已，我们悠然自得地赶往目的地。
Bathed in the sunshine and delighted by the fantastic scenery along the way，we felt quite at ease while heading for the destination．
◎句中的Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text...是过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于As she was inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text...。
◎过去分词短语作原因状语是一种常见的语言现象，此时分词动作通常与句子的主语之间为被动关系。
佳句输入
◎(改编自《观察家报》)Struck by overwhelming joy，I studied the tricycle up and down，from its rusty handle to the worn out wheels，as if it were a daydream．
我欣喜若狂，上下研究着那辆三轮车，从生锈的把手到破旧的车轮，简直像做白日梦一样。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．I'm not sure whether the experiment will be beneficial (benefit) to the local villagers．
2．Tom and his friends set out to explore the surrounding (surround) villages yesterday．
3．There is a lot of public ignorance (ignore) about how the disease is spread．
4．After the outbreak of war，life meant a struggle for survival (survive)．
5．Equipped with an intelligent (intelligence) computer brain，they will help you set aside some time for outdoor exercise．
6．The cobra is one of the world's deadliest (deadly) snakes．
7．These reasons are not sufficient (sufficiency) to justify the ban．
8．The school's unexceptionable purpose is to make parents involved in the education of their children more closely．Parents'involvement (involve)will contribute to children's better growth．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．charge
A．n．主管，掌管 B．n．指控；控告 C．n．收费 D．vt．收费 E．vt．充电 F．n．冲锋
(1)(2022·全国乙卷) A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education． C
(2)He took charge of the farm after his father's death． A
(3)He has admitted the charge and will be sentenced later． B
(4)There are plenty of other benefits，too：it doesn't charge city tax． D
(5)The shaver can be charged and used while travelling． E
(6)(2023·全国甲卷)Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby，the research shows it is women now leading the charge． F
2．pay off
A．还清(债务) B．成功，奏效，达到目的C．(付清工资)解雇，遣散
(1)(2022·浙江1月卷)Finally，my hard work paid off—we were awarded an A，which gave us great satisfaction． B
(2)Over 1，000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes． C
(3)Ten years later，the wife paid off all the debts that her husband left，which was beyond others'expectations． A
3．(2024·全国甲卷)Like in typical families，where boys were favored much more than girls，my grandma had to stay at home to do housework． A
A．vt．偏袒，特别照顾 B．vt．有助于
C．n．好事
4．Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied． A
A．应用 B．申请 C．涂
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．我精通英语和汉语，这对介绍中国画很有帮助，因此我打算申请这个岗位。
I have a good command of English and Chinese，which is beneficial to introduce Chinese paintings，so I intend to apply for the position．
2．我们被他鼓舞人心的演讲所打动，下定决心要毫不犹豫地采取行动。
Greatly struck by his inspiring speach，we made up our minds to take
action without hesitation．
3．Only when I had my own children did I realize the troubles of my parents．(强调句)
It is only when I had my own children that I realized the troubles of my parents．
假定你是李华，下周六，你们学校将举办一个以保护环境为主题的科学节，现在请你写一篇节日计划。
写作微练
①下周六，我们学校将举办一个以保护环境为主题的科学节，旨在激发我们的环保意识。(intend)
Next Saturday our school will organize a science festival with the theme of protecting the environment and the festival intends to arouse our environmental awareness．
②将会有一些著名的科学家参加节日，他们将介绍一些环境知识，让我们参与保护环境。(get sb．involved in)
There will be some famous scientists attending the festival，who will introduce some knowledge about the environment and get us involved in protecting the environment．
③他们将展示一些有趣的实验，这对我们是有益的。(beneficial)
They will show some interesting experiments，which is beneficial to us．
④每个班都有机会做一个实验，学生们可以从中学到很多东西。(conduct)
Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment，from which the students will learn a lot．
⑤在节日结束时，我们将被允许参观一个环保展览。(permit)
At the end of the festival，we will be permitted to visit an environmental protection exhibition．
⑥科学节将激励更多的学生对科学产生兴趣，并为之付出努力。(inspire)
The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it．
句式升级
⑦用非限制性定语从句升级句①
Next Saturday our school will organize a science festival with the theme of protecting the environment，which intends to arouse our environmental awareness．
⑧用强调句升级句⑥
It is the Science Festival that will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it．
妙笔成篇
Next Saturday our school will organize a science festival with the theme of protecting the environment，which intends to arouse our environmental awareness．
To begin with，there will be some famous scientists attending the festival，who will introduce some knowledge about the environment and get us involved in protecting the environment．In addition，they will show some interesting experiments，which is beneficial to us．Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment，from which the students will learn a lot．At the end of the festival，we will be permitted to visit an environmental protection exhibition．
All in all，it is the Science Festival that will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it．
语料积累
教材语料 亮词 surround；permit；lightning；thunderstorm；bang；let sb．down；put forward
美句 1．When we look at any question deeply enough，we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again． 2．They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions，but they never gave up．
拓展语料 单词 sorry adj．遗憾的；disappoint v．使失望→disappointing adj．令人失望的→disappointed adj．失望的→disappointment n．失望；扫兴；令人失望的人/事
语块 feel extremely disappointed 感到失望极了；weep bitter tears of disappointment 失望得痛哭流涕；hide one's disappointment 掩饰某人的失望；a look of disappointment/loneliness flashes across/spreads over one's face 某人脸上露出失望/孤独的表情
句型 1．Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself up in his room． 他对未能获奖感到极度失望，于是把自己锁在房间里。 2．It was at that moment that a ripple of regret welled up inside me．How I wished I hadn't said those words！ 就在那时，我的心中泛起了一阵遗憾的涟漪。我是多么希望我没有说那些话啊！ 3．Seeing the disappointing result，he was extremely disappointed，tears of regret running/streaming down his cheeks． 看到令人失望的结果，他非常失望，遗憾的眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
语料运用
①伊迪丝热衷于科学和发明。当她听说有一个关于发明和创新的比赛时，她毫不犹豫地报名参加了。
Edith is keen on science and invention．When she heard there was going to be a competition about invention and innovation，she signed up for it without hesitation．
②伊迪丝不遗余力地为此做准备，她相信每个人都会对她的发明感到惊讶。
Edith spared no effort to prepare for it and she was sure everyone would be amazed at her invention．
③然而，在比赛中，当伊迪丝慢慢地启动机器时，它并没有像预期的那样工作。对于没能成功发明这台机器，她感到极度失望。
However，during the competition，when Edith slowly turned on the machine，it didn't work as expected．She was overcome with bitter disappointment at her failing to invent the machine．
④当她环顾四周时，她发现一些评委的脸上掠过失望的表情。(动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
When she looked around，she found a look of disappointment flashing across/spreading over some of the judges'faces．
⑤她低下头，沮丧极了，心中泛起一阵遗憾的涟漪。(独立主格结构)
Lowering her head，she was extremely frustrated，a ripple of regret welling up inside her．
课时数智作业(二十三)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2025·安徽滁州模拟)
Big Thinkers Series
The Big Thinkers Series from New Scientist events features four online talks，covering a wide range of topics by world-class scientist speakers and experts．If you are curious about your planet or your universe，then this series is your place to hear the latest research．
Save ￡20 off the standard ticket price by purchasing a series ticket to all four talks in the Big Thinkers Series (available on demand) or purchase single tickets for just ￡13 per lecture (available by early booking)．
Reality＋：From the Matrix to the Metaverse with David Chalmers
In this talk，philosopher David Chalmers argues that Metaverse-style virtual worlds experienced through headsets are also genuine and meaningful realities and we can live a meaningful life in VR．
What We Don't Know About Gravity with Claudia de Rham
We are all familiar with the concept of gravity．In this talk，Professor Claudia de Rham will explore how much we actually know about gravity and how much more there is left to uncover．
A Brief History of Timekeeping with Chad Orzel
From Stonehenge to atomic clocks，here is the 5，000-year history of how science is used to mark time．Chad Orzel，the internationally bestselling author of How to Teach Quantum Physics to Your Dog，offers us a witty journey through scientific theory and quirky (离奇的) historical detail．
Physics at the End of the Universe with Katie Mack
The Big Bang theory tells the story of the beginning of the universe for the last 13.8 billion years．But how does the story end？Join astronomer Katie Mack as she shares what modern astrophysics(天体物理学) tells us about the final fate of the universe．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍了《新科学家》举办的大思想家系列活动的四场在线讲座。
1．How much does a series ticket cost？( )
A．￡13． B．￡20． C．￡30． D．￡32．
D [数字计算题。根据第二段可知，单场的票价是13英镑，购买一个系列可以节约20英镑，因此买一个系列的票价为：4×13－20＝32(英镑)。故选D。]
2．What will Chad Orzel lecture in？( )
A．The genuine reality．
B．The secrets of gravity．
C．The history of time marking．
D．The final fate of the universe．
C [细节理解题。根据A Brief History of Timekeeping with Chad Orzel部分的“From Stonehenge to atomic clocks，here is the 5，000-year history of how science is used to mark time...through scientific theory and quirky historical detail．”可知，Chad Orzel的讲座是关于时间标记的历史。故选C。]
3．What do the four talks have in common？( )
A．They are all aimed at science lovers．
B．They are all concerned with gravity．
C．They will all be given by bestselling authors．
D．They will all be given by excellent physicians．
A [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，这四个讲座的共同之处是它们都是针对科学爱好者的。故选A。]
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·江苏南通模拟)
When wind blows through a bigleaf maple (大叶枫)，paper-thin，wing-like seeds called samaras gently spin towards the ground．The fruit's tissue allows the wind to guide it further away from the tree．Inspired by the seeds，researchers designed a tiny，winged microchip，no larger than a grain of sand，that is powerful enough to monitor environmental pollution and airborne diseases．
Called the microflier，the microchip has no motor to push it forward in the air but instead was designed to catch the wind．To perfect the microchip's flying capability and shape，scientists took inspiration from the forms of various airborne seeds．The research team improved various designs until the microfliers flew slowly and more steadily than nature's samara seeds．The slower falling rate allows the microchip to keep flying for longer，which gives it more time to collect data and monitor air pollutants and airborne diseases．
To perfect the microflier's flight，researchers took inspiration from children's pop-up books to create the three-dimensional wings．Usually，electronic microchips are flat，two-dimensional objects，but something flat won't take flight．To make the 3-D shape，John A．Rogers and his team built a stretched rubber base that the microchip rests on．The wings pop into flight mode when the rubber base is relaxed．
The chip gathers data with sensors across its surface that can sense and monitor pH levels，test for heavy metals or chemicals，and track air pollution．An antenna (天线) on the microflier then sends all the collected data to a computer or a phone．Rogers and his team are planning to test out the electronic chips soon by dropping thousands of the chips in a field．The microfliers will change color depending on the number of heavy metals present in the field where they land．A drone will then fly over the area and take photos of the microflier's colors，allowing researchers to map out the pollutants．
Rogers and his team also designed the microchips to break down over time to prevent environmental pollution．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能够监测环境质量的带翼微芯片。
4．What is the winged microchip designed to do？( )
A．Guide seeds from the tree．
B．Prevent airborne diseases．
C．Keep track of air quality．
D．Catch the wind to fly away．
C [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“受这些种子的启发，研究人员设计了一种微小的带翼微芯片，它和一粒沙子一样大，但却足以监测环境污染和空气传播疾病”可知，这种芯片被设计用来监测空气质量。故选C。]
5．What do paragraphs 2 and 3 focus on？( )
A．Where researchers draw inspiration．
B．How the microflier has improved．
C．What the microchip does for humans．
D．Why the microflier flies more stably．
B [段落大意题。这两段主要介绍了研究团队是如何改良和完善微型飞行器的。故选B。]
6．What will the researchers do with the microflier in the future？( )
A．Drop chips in the field．
B．Monitor the soil color．
C．Map out air pollutants．
D．Handle soil pollution．
D [推理判断题。根据第四段可知，这些微型飞行器会根据着陆地重金属含量的多少而改变颜色，方便研究人员绘制出土地污染物的地图，从而解决土地污染问题。故选D。]
7．Which of the following would be a suitable title for the text？( )
A．Winged Microchips for Monitoring the Environment
B．The Microflier：A Flying Device of Spreading Seeds
C．A Drone：A Photographer of the Microflier's Colors
D．Electronic Chips for Finding Airborne Diseases
A [标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句及第四段第一句可知，本文主要介绍了一种能够监测环境质量的带翼微芯片。故选A。]
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·安徽安庆模拟)
Heman Bekele is not a typical high school student．Rather than spending his free time playing video games or staring at his phone，this 14-year-old from Fairfax，Virginia was calling professors and conducting experiments to create a soap that could treat skin cancer，and to make it affordable for everyone who needs it．His work won him the grand prize in this year's 3M Young Scientist's Challenge，a competition that encourages kids to think of unique ways to solve everyday problems．
Growing up in Ethiopia，Bekele found in pity that people working outside were likely to end up getting skin cancer．Skin cancer did have cures and was treatable in most cases．However，the average price of skin cancer treatment globally was almost $40，000．Those shocking statistics really inspired him to create a more accessible solution．He started doing experiments and working on different things，and that turned his bar of soap into a project．
A lot of his research and development started in his family's kitchen and in his basement．But as he reached the final of the competition，he realized that he did need to do a little bit more outside of just his house．So he reached out to people at University of Virginia and people at Georgetown，and he got a lot of assistance．The number one person would be Deborah Isabelle，who helped him organize and structure his ideas during the final competition．Bekele said that he definitely couldn't have done that all by himself．
Bekele's award-winning soap is a compound-based bar of soap and it's charged with different cancer fighting chemicals．The color of the soap is a bit of a dark type of white and it has a rough surface，which could be a good exfoliant(去角质剂)．It does have a strong medicine smell and feel a bit stickier．The whole point of it is that even once you wash off the soap，the medicinal parts will stay on your skin．It can activate the body's immune cells to defend against cancer．
Bekele earned the title of America's Top Young Scientist and won $25，000 prize money and he was going to use it to continue research．He said，“I still need a lot of resources to be able to conduct this research，so this money will definitely help me achieve it．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名14岁的高中生Heman Bekele通过自身努力和不断寻求帮助，发明了一种普通人能负担起的抗击皮肤癌的肥皂，因此获得了“美国顶尖年轻科学家”的称号。
8．Why did Heman Bekele start working on creating the soap？( )
A．Because he thought it was a fun project．
B．Because he wanted to win a science competition．
C．Because he found skin cancer treatment unaffordable．
D．Because he wanted to create a unique soap for everyone．
C [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Heman Bekele 是因为发现很多皮肤癌患者负担不起治疗费用，才决心发明治疗皮肤癌的肥皂，让人们能够负担得起治疗费用。故选C。]
9．What can we learn from Bekele's preparations for the final？( )
A．Well begun is half done．
B．Learn humbly，ask willingly．
C．Actions speak louder than words．
D．Hope for the best，prepare for the worst．
B [推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二、三句可知，Heman Bekele 在最后阶段寻求了很多外界的帮助。故选B。]
10．What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about？( )
A．What features the soap has．
B．How the soap is used．
C．What chemicals the soap contains．
D．How the soap is produced．
A [段落大意题。该段主要描述了肥皂的成分、颜色、气味和功效等特征。故选A。]
11．Which words can be used to describe Bekele according to the passage？( )
A．Patient and talented．
B．Friendly and ambitious．
C．Cautious and generous．
D．Caring and devoted．
D [推理判断题。根据第二段中“However，the average price of skin cancer treatment globally was almost $40，000．Those shocking statistics really inspired him to create a more accessible solution．”可知，Heman Bekele关心他人；根据最后一段“Bekele...won $25，000 prize money and he was going to use it to continue research．”可知，他全心全意地投入到抗癌肥皂的研究中。故选 D。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible．Trujillo，however，is an aerospace 1 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory 2 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器)．
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 3 exploring it？That's a tale of 4 written in the stars．
Born in 1983，even as a young girl Trujillo was 5 of her passion for science．But she doubted how far she'd be able to 6 in a male-dominated field．Then her dad offered to send her to Miami．Only 17 at the time，she 7 the offer．
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 8 to put herself through Miami Dade College．Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 9 ．But she didn't 10 ．“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity．”
Then came another life-changing moment．She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的) woman to be 11 to the NASA Academy．Later，she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center．
When the Perseverance rover 12 on the surface of Mars，it was 13 by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA's first-ever Spanish-language 14 ．
Trujillo's own story is a 15 that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Trujillo凭借努力和毅力一步步成为美国宇航局的工程师的故事。
( )1．A．astronaut B．pilot
C．engineer D．guide
C [根据“Later，she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center．”可知，Trujillo是一名工程师。故选C。]
( )2．A．eager B．responsible
C．concerned D．grateful
B [根据“leads a team at the NASA laboratory”可知，此处指Trujillo领导的团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。故选B。]
( )3．A．actually B．hardly
C．accurately D．repeatedly
A [根据“go from simply dreaming about the universe”并结合她成为航天工程师可知，此处指Trujillo从梦想探索宇宙到真正地探索宇宙。故选A。]
( )4．A．innovation B．kindness
C．passion D．sympathy
C [根据“even as a young girl Trujillo was of her passion for science”可知，此处表达她的整个经历充满了激情。故选C。]
( )5．A．certain B．approved
C．afraid D．fond
A [根据“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to exploring it？”可知，她一直梦想着探索宇宙，再结合此句中的even可知，此处表示甚至在她还很小时，就确定了对科学的热爱。故选A。]
( )6．A．respond B．rise
C．invest D．apply
B [根据“in a male-dominated field”可知，在这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知道自己的努力和坚持能让自己走多远，地位能提高多少。故选B。]
( )7．A．made up B．turned up
C．picked up D．took up
D [下文“to put herself through Miami Dade College”提到她在迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示她接受了父亲让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D。]
( )8．A．measures B．activities
C．jobs D．courses
C [根据“Trujillo took a series of housekeeping to put herself through Miami Dade College．”可知，她给别人做家务活，也就是通过家务工作挣钱让自己完成学业。故选C。]
( )9．A．studies B．purchases
C．recreations D．trips
A [根据“Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms”并结合上文可知，Trujillo通过打扫浴室挣钱帮助自己完成学业。故选A。]
( )10．A．clarify B．fear
C．perceive D．complain
D [根据“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity．”可知，她把遇到的一切都当作机会，所以尽管学习很辛苦，但是她不抱怨。故选D。]
( )11．A．applied B．admitted
C．assigned D．introduced
B [根据“Then came another life-changing moment．”及语境可知，Trujillo是被美国宇航局学院录取，这是她人生的另一个转折点。故选B。]
( )12．A．originated B．generated
C．landed D．waited
C [根据“on the surface of Mars”并结合上下文可知，此处表示“毅力号”探测器在火星表面着陆。故选C。]
( )13．A．accompanied B．distracted
C．estimated D．occupied
A [根据“by commentary from Trujillo in NASA's first-ever Spanish-language ”及常识可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”探测器着陆的同时伴随着广播中Trujillo的西班牙语的解说。故选A。]
( )14．A．theory B．broadcast
C．comment D．performance
B [根据“it was by commentary from Trujillo in NASA's first-ever Spanish-language”可知，“毅力号”探测器在火星着陆时，广播播报Trujillo的西班牙语的解说。故选B。]
( )15．A．career B．information
C．competence D．proof
D [根据“...willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars．”并结合上文可知，她的故事是一种证明，表明只要越过障碍，就有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意努力工作去实现远大梦想的人。故选D。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2025·安徽黄山模拟)
假定你是李华，你校英文杂志社要举办以“与科学家跨时空对话(Talk to a Scientist Across Time and Space)”为主题的书信征文活动，请你写一封信给你最崇敬的一位科学家。内容包括：
1．表达对他(她)的崇敬之情；
2．解释你崇敬他(她)的原因。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear Grandpa Yuan Longping，
I am writing to express my admiration for you．You devotes yourself to the research on hybrid rice with willingness to serve the country．
You lives a very simple life，but your contributions are invaluable to the field of science and agriculture．Without you and your team，there would still be millions of people having to face the threat of hunger．
It is your hard-working spirit and perseverance that are worth learning from．You are my role model and have been inspiring me to study hard and insist on my dream of making contributions to our country．
I am really proud that we have such a great scientist like you．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
课时数智作业(二十四)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2024·湖南岳阳模拟)
If you live on this planet，there's a decent chance you've seen the classic Star Trek episode，in which Captain Kirk and several members find themselves in what appears to be another universe．
These days，it seems the idea of the multiverse—many worlds—is having its Hollywood moment．Its appeal as a storytelling device is obvious—characters explore a multi-world with varying degrees of similarity to our own，as well as different versions of themselves．Hence，it has been fully established in mainstream pop culture．
While Hollywood can't seem to get enough of the multiverse，it remains deeply controversial (有争议的) among scientists．Advocates on the two sides show no mercy toward each other in their books，on their blogs．But physicists didn't pull the idea out of thin air—rather，several distinct lines of reasoning seem to point to the multiverse's existence．However，critics warn that making the multiverse legal could make it harder for the public to distinguish speculative (推测性的) theories from established facts，making it more difficult to keep pseudo-science (伪科学) at bay．Giving credit to such speculation risks“turning fundamental physics into pseudo-science”．
The multiverse controversy is rooted in the idea of test ability．If we can't interact with these other universes，or detect them in any way，some experts insist that reduces them to mere philosophical speculation．But Carroll，an advocate for“many worlds”，argues that mathematics is the language describing our physical theories．Since Schr dinger equation (方程)，on which quantum (量子) mechanics rests，predicts the existence of many worlds，so be it．
Could a more expansive view of the universe itself be the next breakthrough？As Siegfried puts it：“Every time in the past that we've thought，‘We've got it；this is what the whole universe is’—the people who've said，‘Maybe there's more than one of those'have always turned out to be right．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了虽然近来好莱坞似乎十分沉迷于多元宇宙，但它在科学家中仍然存在着极大的争议。
1．Why is Hollywood so occupied with the multiverse？( )
A．It makes for engaging plots．
B．It is a much-talked-about topic．
C．It is helpful to popularize science．
D．It dominates the mainstream pop culture．
A [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，多元宇宙作为一种讲故事的手段，非常具有吸引力。故选A。]
2．What do the underlined words in paragraph 3 probably mean？( )
A．Out of date． B．Out of place．
C．Out of nowhere． D．Out of question．
C [词义猜测题。根据画线短语后面的“相反，几个不同的推理路线似乎指向了多元宇宙的存在”可知，rather前后表示转折，后面说有推理路线证明多元宇宙是存在的。由此可推测出，前面说的是物理学家们并不是凭空得出了这个想法。out of thin air意为“凭空，无中生有地”，和“out of nowhere”意思相近。故选C。]
3．According to the opponents，the basic standard of fundamental physics is that ．( )
A．it can be detected somehow
B．it can be reasoned logically
C．it can be interpreted philosophically
D．it can be predicted by mathematics equations
A [推理判断题。根据第三段可知，批评者认为让多元宇宙合法化可能会使公众更难以区分推测性理论和既定事实，相信这种推测有可能导致基础物理学变成伪科学。由此可推测出，基础物理学是以既定事实为基础的，可以通过某种方式发现。故选A。]
4．What might be the author's attitude toward the multiverse？( )
A．Doubtful． B．Dismissive．
C．Unclear． D．Approving．
D [观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句和最后一段可知，作者认为既然有理论预测了许多世界的存在，那就顺其自然吧。再结合最后一段中的“那些说‘也许不止一个’的人总是被证明是对的”可推知，作者对多元宇宙的概念持支持态度。故选D。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2025·安徽亳州模拟)
5G mobile technology has officially begun rolling out across the globe，which indicates a dynamic acceleration(加速) in our world of connectivity．It promotes operational cooperation tourism hasn't experienced before． 1 This is perceived from both the way the industry operates and the side of the traveler．
2 It's expected to offer organizations a wireless network that transforms the way people and machines use data．Unlike previous network generations，5G is now being seen as not just a consumer platform，but a primary communication platform that can also provide cloud connectivity and edge processing that can offer real-time business insights and automated responses，and eventually integrate the billions of Internet of Things(物联网) devices and data that are available．
As travel companies have transformed their operations with new digital systems，their focus has moved from the technology itself to the improved business outcomes and enhanced guest and passenger experiences driven by the technology． 3 With advanced connectivity speeds and low latency(延时)，guests can share their personal data to receive custom recommendations from travel companies in real time that should provide meaningful experiences． 4 For example，guests can involve themselves in viewing rooms and hotel facilities，or preview local attractions as they plan their trips．
To prepare to roll out this new technology，travel companies should ensure they have a thorough understanding of their guests'expectations on what makes a first-rank travel experience． 5
A．It also transforms the travel experience．
B．5G's capabilities can support that change．
C．5G offers significant security guarantee definitely．
D．However，people haven't got well prepared for the 5G era．
E．Virtual experiences give guests an early taste of the destination．
F．Then they should find ways to adapt their processes and services to meet them．
G．5G opens up a new way of accessing information and delivering business value．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了5G技术的发展给旅游行业带来的运作方式上的改变。
1．A [根据上文“It promotes operational cooperation tourism hasn't experienced before．”及下文“This is perceived from both the way the industry operates and the side of the traveler．”可以推知，空处应该是讲5G给游客带来的旅游体验的改变。A项句意与上下文连贯，且“It also”与上文中的It相承接，符合题意。故选A。]
2．G [根据下文“5G is now being seen as not just a consumer platform，but a primary communication platform...and data that are available”可知，本段是在讲5G给数据处理带来的改变。G项符合题意。故选G。]
3．B [根据上文“As travel companies have transformed their operations with new digital systems，their focus has moved...”及下文“With advanced connectivity speeds and low latency，guests can share...”可知，旅游公司的重心发生转移是由于5G技术的驱动，即5G使之发生改变。B项与上下文相呼应，符合题意。故选B。]
4．E [根据下文“For example，guests can involve themselves in viewing rooms and hotel facilities，or preview local attractions as they plan their trips．”可知，空处应该是讲客人可以用网络技术提前体验旅游目的地的一些东西。E项引起下文，符合题意，且其中的guests与下文中的guests相呼应。故选E。]
5．F [根据上文“...travel companies should ensure...their guests'expectations on what makes a first-rank travel experience．”可以推知，下文应该是旅游公司在了解客人对旅游体验的期望后所采取的措施。F项指出旅游公司应调整他们的服务以满足客人的期望，符合题意。故选F。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
The chime-bell，made of bronze，was a member of the percussion instrument(打击乐器) family in ancient China．It originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty，and reached its 1． (high) during the Warring States Period．It has shown our great achievement in bronze craft，our mastery of music science 2． the wisdom of our people in ancient China．
It consists 3． bells in different sizes arranged in the order of the pitch(音高)，which are hung on a huge bell-cot．Different tones can be produced when the bells 4． (ring) with a wooden hammer and a long stick，and beautiful music can be performed．The chime-bell's sound effect depends 5． (great) on its size and shape—the 6． (small) the bell，the higher the pitch but the lower the volume．
In 1978，Chinese archeologists found a huge underground music palace in the tomb of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State in Hubei Province．Among the 7． (item)，there are 65 articles of bronze chime-bells 8． (preserve) in good condition．These are the famous chime-bells of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State，the largest and most complete set of chime-bells 9． exists today in China．The largest bell is as high as about 152 cm，10． (weigh) over 200 kg．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了编钟的特点、历史及著名的曾侯乙编钟。
1．height [考查名词。reached 后缺少名词作宾语，表示“顶点”。故填height。]
2．and [考查连词。前后短语是并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。]
3．of [考查介词。consist of为固定搭配，意为“由……组成”。故填of。]
4．are rung [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语和谓语之间是被动关系，主语是复数意义，叙述的是一般事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are rung。]
5．greatly [考查副词。修饰谓语动词depends应用副词作状语。故填greatly。]
6．smaller [考查形容词的比较级。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……越……”。故填smaller。]
7．items [考查名词复数。item为可数名词，出土的物品很多，此空填名词的复数形式。故填items。]
8．preserved [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，preserve与其逻辑主语构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填preserved。]
9．that [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空是定语从句的关系词，先行词“the largest and most complete set of chime-bells”指物，在定语从句中作主语，先行词前有最高级修饰，只能用that。故填that。]
10．weighing [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，weigh与逻辑主语bell构成主动关系，故用动词-ing形式作状语。故填weighing。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·长沙一中模拟)
Broken Shells
It was a warm summer afternoon at the Jersey shore．My four-year-old son and I just loved walking along the beach just before dinner．With a bucket in hand，we'd hit the sand and start our adventure．
I remember the days not so long ago when a trip to the beach was just unbearable for my little boy．My son，Will，was diagnosed with ASD (孤独症)．His sensitivities to sights，sounds，and touches would prevent us from enjoying everyday activities．The beach is now one of his favorite places to visit．
Presently，we are able to walk along the edge of the water almost daily in the summer months，looking for seashells to fill our bucket．On this particular day，there didn't seem to be too many shells washed up on the shore．Will began picking up whatever shells he saw lying in the sand．After a while，I looked into the bucket and saw nothing but broken shells．“Will，”I said，“all of these shells are broken and no good．”“You need to find shells like this，”I continued，as I held up a perfectly shaped shell．Will gave me a puzzled look and continued on his way，gathering whatever shells he saw and dropping them into the bucket．
I continued my search for some time，and again，I stopped，but this time I asked in a firm voice，“Will，why do you insist on filling our bucket with shells that are broken？”He looked up at me and replied，“Mom，there are more shells on the beach that are broken than perfect ones that you are searching for．We'll get the bucket filled faster with the broken ones．”“True，”I thought，“but who wants a bucketful of broken shells？”Will stared at me as if he knew what I was thinking．“Mom，these shells are broken，but they are still beautiful，”he added．Just then he began commenting on different shells'uniqueness．“It has the color purple on it．Mom，none of yours have purple on them．It reminds me of a clown (小丑)．This one is like the sun，and these ones are like butterfly wings，”he said with such pride．
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Touched by what he said，I realized changes are to be made to our shell trip．
Back home with great joy，we agreed to make more shell trips and build a“broken shell garden”．
【语篇解读】 本文话题为家庭生活。作者和患有孤独症的儿子在海滩捡贝壳，她发现儿子捡了很多破损的贝壳放在桶里，作者坚持认为这些破损的贝壳没有用，试图劝说儿子捡完美的贝壳。儿子却拿出那些破损的贝壳，向妈妈讲述它们的美丽与独特。
【写作指导】
1．段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“他的话打动了我，我意识到我们的贝壳之旅必须有所改变。”可知，第一段可描写作者被儿子的话感动了，决定改变自己对待完美的态度，接受破损的贝壳。
②由第二段首句内容“回到家后，我们满心欢喜地商量好要多进行贝壳之旅，建一个‘破损贝壳园’”可知，第二段可描写“我们”去海滩只收集破损的贝壳及作者的感悟：不完美的贝壳也能创造美，不完美是常态。
2．续写线索：感动——接受破损的贝壳——去捡更多破损的贝壳——开心回家——感悟
【参考范文】
Touched by what he said，I realized changes are to be made to our shell trip． My eyes filled with tears，I reached my hand into the bucket and began to take out the few perfect shells I had collected and placed them back on the beach．Will and I walked along the beach，collecting only broken shells in our bucket and admiring their beauty．His eyes sparked with joy，which I had never seen．Before we knew it，the bucket was half full．Meanwhile，the tide began to rise and we had to leave the lovely beach．
Back home with great joy，we agreed to make more shell trips and build a“broken shell garden”． It is a constant reminder of how none of us are perfect．We are all broken in some way，but we still possess beauty and uniqueness beyond belief．Now，whenever we go to the beach，we gather only broken shells．Yes，it's true，while the perfect shells are few and far between，there are many more broken shells left lying on the beach that go unnoticed．If we take the time to look more closely at the broken shells，we can find beauty in their imperfections，and maybe even learn something about ourselves．
25 / 32核心词汇 1．____________ n．共和国，共和政体 2．____________ adj．致命的；十足的，彻底的 3．____________ n．省，省份 4．____________ n．药草，香草；草本 5．____________ n．实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi．做试验，进行实验；尝试 6．____________ n．试用，试验；审讯，考验 vi．& vt．测试，试验 7．____________ adj．家庭的，家用的，家务的 n．一家人，家庭 8．____________ vt．延迟，延期 9．____________ adj．足够的，充足的 10．____________ n．数据，资料，材料 11．____________ n．错误，差错 12．____________ n．智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 13．____________ vt．& vi．组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 14．____________ n．电，电能 15．____________ n．学说，论；原理；看法，意见 16．____________ n．雷雨，雷暴 17．____________ n．金属 18．____________ vt．& vi．充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管 19．____________ adj．电的，发电的，电动的 20．____________ adj．突出的 n．突出的人(或物) 21．____________ n．炸弹；核武器 vt．轰炸 22．____________ n．赞扬，认可；信用 vt．存入金额；把……归于 23．____________ n．权威，权力；官方 24．____________ vt．表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 25．____________ vt．出版，发行；发表；公布
阅读词汇 1．malaria n．________________ 2．extract n．________________ vt．________________ 3．penicillin n．________________ 4．mould(AmE mold) n．________________ vt．________________ 5．bacteria n．(sing．bacterium)________________ 6．lightning n．________________ 7．____________ n．带子，丝带；带状物 8．____________ adj．原子能的；原子的 9．____________ n．罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj．恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 10．____________ adj．脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n．知识分子，脑力劳动者 11．____________ n．神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 12．____________ n．进化；演变，发展
拓展词汇 1．survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→____________ vi．& vt．生存；幸存，幸免于难→____________ n．幸存者 2．broad adj．广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→____________ adv．广泛地→____________ vt．变宽，扩大……的范围 3．intend vi．& vt．想要，计划；意指→____________ n．目的；意图；打算 4．limited adj．有限的→limit n．& vt．限制→____________ n．限制；局限；极限 5．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜→____________ vt．包含 6．beneficial adj．有益的，有用的→____________ n．益处 vt．对……有益处 vi．得益于 7．illustrate vt．说明，解释；加插图于→____________ n．图解，图示 8．surround vt．围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→____________ adj．周围的→____________ n．周围的环境 9．indicate vt．表明；暗示；提及；指出→____________ n．表明；暗示 10．accident n．意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→____________ adj．意外的；偶然的 11．intelligent adj．有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→____________ n．才智 12．favour(AmE favor) vt．较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→____________ adj．赞同的，支持的；有利的→____________ adj．最喜爱的 13．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→__________ n．政治(学)→__________ adj．政治的 14．involve vt．包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→____________ adj．有关的；卷入的；复杂的 15．scientific adj．科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→__________ n．科学→__________ n．科学家 16．moral adj．道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→____________ adj．不道德的 17．apply vt．& vi．应用；申请；涂；有关→____________ n．应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，敷用→____________ n．申请人 18．ignorance n．无知→____________ adj．无知的；无礼的→____________ vt．忽视；不理睬 19．freedom n．自由→____________ adj．自由的；免费的→____________ adv．自由地 20．permit vt．& vi．允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证→____________ n．允许，许可
高频短语 1．________________ 查阅，查看；参考；提到，谈及 2．________________ (使)加速 3．________________ 成功，奏效，达到目的 4．________________ 通过反复试验 5．________________ 偶然，意外地 6．________________ 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 7．________________ 使某人失望 8．________________ 关于，至于 9．________________ 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 10．________________ 提出，提议，建议 11．make a difference________________ 12．thanks to ________________ 13．far from the truth________________ 14．work out________________
句型公式 1．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history．(动词不定式作后置定语) 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 2．Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part．(过去分词短语作状语) 据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 3．However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments．(It was not until...that...强调句型) 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次实验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 4．Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know．(it作形式宾语) 现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
At age 14，Liu Ziming spotted a book on traditional Chinese medicine quite by accident and quickly developed a keen interest in it．He devoted himself to studying the subject，1．____________ (intend) to become a doctor when he grew up．One day，a deadly disease struck his village．To find a cure，he 2．____________ (refer) to many medical books and eventually discovered certain herbs that proved to be effective in treating the disease．The villagers' 3．____________ (survive) inspired him so much that he conducted more scientific experiments，acquiring 4．____________ broader knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine．At that time，due to limited funding and equipment，he had 5．____________ (difficult) gathering sufficient data，but he managed to overcome all the challenges．Years later，his efforts paid off when he published a 6．____________ (nice) illustrated book on traditional Chinese medicine，which permits those 7．____________ are ignorant of it to benefit a lot．Liu Ziming often travelled around and delivered 8．____________ (lecture) in different provinces，encouraging doctors to apply the principles of traditional Chinese medicine 9．____________ their practice．He also urged authorities at all levels to grant doctors the freedom to do research in this field，emphasizing that Chinese doctors had the responsibility 10．____________ (advance) traditional Chinese medicine and make beneficial contributions to global health care．
1．intend vt．& vi．想要，计划；意指
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 3) The ____________ (intend) of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers．
②The Chinese paper-cutting exhibition to be held next weekend is said to be intended ____________ the foreign students who are interested in Chinese culture．
句式升级
(普通表达)The programme was intended to provide help for the homeless and it turned out to be a great success．
(高级表达)The programme _________________________，turned out to be a great success．(分词短语作定语)
(高级表达)The programme，___________________________________，turned out to be a great success．(介词短语作插入语)
◎intend doing/to do sth．打算做某事
◎be intended to do sth．目的是做某事
◎with the intention of doing sth．打算做某事；为了做某事
◎(2024·浙江1月卷改编)From my perspective，long rope jumping is an excellent choice for students who intend to stay fit while enjoying themselves．
从我的角度来看，学生想要保持健康，同时玩得开心的话，跳长绳是一个很好的选择。
2．postpone vt．延迟，延期
①I shall postpone ____________ (make) a decision till I learn full particulars．
②In case of rain the mass meeting will be postponed ____________ the first fine day．
词汇升级
(普通表达)They decided to put off having a baby to establish their careers．
(高级表达)They decided to ________________________ having a baby to establish their careers．
◎postpone (doing) sth．推迟(做)某事
◎postpone...till/until/to...把……推迟到……
◎put off/delay doing sth．推迟做某事
◎(改编自《每日电讯》)The military training was postponed to/until the next Sunday because of the bad weather．
因为天气不好，军训被推迟到了下个周日。
3．involve vt．包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 2)As well as studying hard，I've been involved ____________ social activities．
②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves ____________ (spend) quite a lot of time with students．
③The man said he involved ____________ (he) in this affair by accident not on purpose．
④Some people tried to stop the fight，but I didn't want to get ____________ (involve)．
词汇升级
(普通表达)It's of great significance to allow young people to join in social practice regularly．
(高级表达)It's of great significance to get young people ________________________ social practice regularly．
◎involve sb．in (doing) sth．使某人参与(做)某事
◎involve doing sth．包括或需要做某事
◎involve sb．doing sth．需要某人做某事
◎be/become/get involved in参与；与……有牵连；卷入；专注于
◎(2022·浙江1月卷改编)At the cultural festival，I got involved in a wide range of amazing activities from drama performances to artwork exhibitions．
在文化节上，我参与了各种各样的精彩活动，从戏剧表演到艺术作品展览。
4．apply vt．& vi．应用；申请；涂；有关
①(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6)Out of the thousands of ____________ (apply)，eleven were selected，including a young woman from China．
②There has been a rise in the number of students applying ____________ food courses at UK universities and colleges．
③If you intend to apply for the job，you need to complete the online ____________ (apply) form．
读后续写之动作描写
父亲在杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮他们收拾残局，扔掉烤焦的面包片。
Father _____________________________________________________________________，and then set about helping them clean up the mess and throw away the burnt toast．
◎apply (to sb．) for sth．(向某人)申请某物
◎apply...to...把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上
◎apply to...适应……；适用于……
◎apply oneself (to sth．/doing sth．)努力(做某事)
◎applicant n．申请人
◎application n．申请；申请书；适用
◎(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)If you are willing to apply yourself，I think you have a good shot at this writing contest．
如果你愿意努力，我认为你在这次写作比赛中有很好的机会。
5．refer to 查阅，查看；参考；提到，谈及
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)He refers ____________ the personalities of these people as “Type T”，with the “T” standing for “thrill”．
②The Chinese refer to their language ____________ Han，as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty．
应用文写作之语言学习
当他们在学习英语遇到困难时，他们通常会选择参考相关的学习材料或网页。
When they are faced with difficulty in studying English，they usually ________________________________________________ or web pages．
◎refer to...as...把……称作……
◎refer...to...把……提交给……
◎reference n．提到，谈及；参考
◎in/with reference to关于
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super”，referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon．
有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为一场“超级马拉松”进行训练，这里的“超级马拉松”指的是一场52.4英里的双程马拉松。
6．[教材原句]Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part．据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。
①____________ (touch) by their enthusiastic expression of affection，Mabry thanked them all．
②Moved ____________ their glorious deeds，Li Jiang is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future．
③____________ (inspire) by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road．
读后续写之情感描写
沐浴着阳光，沿途的美景让人欣喜不已，我们悠然自得地赶往目的地。
Bathed in the sunshine and ____________________________________________，we felt quite at ease while heading for the destination．
◎句中的Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text...是过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于As she was inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text...。
◎过去分词短语作原因状语是一种常见的语言现象，此时分词动作通常与句子的主语之间为被动关系。
◎(改编自《观察家报》)Struck by overwhelming joy，I studied the tricycle up and down，from its rusty handle to the worn out wheels，as if it were a daydream．
我欣喜若狂，上下研究着那辆三轮车，从生锈的把手到破旧的车轮，简直像做白日梦一样。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．I'm not sure whether the experiment will be ____________ (benefit) to the local villagers．
2．Tom and his friends set out to explore the ____________ (surround) villages yesterday．
3．There is a lot of public ____________ (ignore) about how the disease is spread．
4．After the outbreak of war，life meant a struggle for ____________ (survive)．
5．Equipped with an ____________ (intelligence) computer brain，they will help you set aside some time for outdoor exercise．
6．The cobra is one of the world's ____________ (deadly) snakes．
7．These reasons are not ____________ (sufficiency) to justify the ban．
8．The school's unexceptionable purpose is to make parents involved ____________ the education of their children more closely．Parents' ____________ (involve)will contribute to children's better growth．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．charge
A．n．主管，掌管 B．n．指控；控告 C．n．收费
D．vt．收费 E．vt．充电 F．n．冲锋
(1)(2022·全国乙卷) A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education． ________
(2)He took charge of the farm after his father's death． ________
(3)He has admitted the charge and will be sentenced later． ________
(4)There are plenty of other benefits，too：it doesn't charge city tax． ________
(5)The shaver can be charged and used while travelling． ________
(6)(2023·全国甲卷)Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby，the research shows it is women now leading the charge． ________
2．pay off
A．还清(债务) B．成功，奏效，达到目的 C．(付清工资)解雇，遣散
(1)(2022·浙江1月卷)Finally，my hard work paid off—we were awarded an A，which gave us great satisfaction． ________
(2)Over 1，000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes． ________
(3)Ten years later，the wife paid off all the debts that her husband left，which was beyond others' expectations． ________
3．(2024·全国甲卷)Like in typical families，where boys were favored much more than girls，my grandma had to stay at home to do housework． ________
A．vt．偏袒，特别照顾 B．vt．有助于
C．n．好事
4．Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied．________
A．应用 B．申请 C．涂
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．我精通英语和汉语，这对介绍中国画很有帮助，因此我打算申请这个岗位。
________________________________________________________，which is beneficial to introduce Chinese paintings，so I _____________________________．
2．我们被他鼓舞人心的演讲所打动，下定决心要毫不犹豫地采取行动。
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________，we made up our minds to take action without hesitation．
3．Only when I had my own children did I realize the troubles of my parents．(强调句)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
假定你是李华，下周六，你们学校将举办一个以保护环境为主题的科学节，现在请你写一篇节日计划。
写作微练
①下周六，我们学校将举办一个以保护环境为主题的科学节，旨在激发我们的环保意识。(intend)
Next Saturday our school will organize a science festival with the theme of protecting the environment and the festival ________________________________________．
②将会有一些著名的科学家参加节日，他们将介绍一些环境知识，让我们参与保护环境。(get sb．involved in)
There will be some famous scientists attending the festival，____________________
____________________________________________．
③他们将展示一些有趣的实验，这对我们是有益的。(beneficial)
They will show some interesting experiments，________________________________．
④每个班都有机会做一个实验，学生们可以从中学到很多东西。(conduct)
Each class ________________________________________，from which the students will learn a lot．
⑤在节日结束时，我们将被允许参观一个环保展览。(permit)
At the end of the festival，we will __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________．
⑥科学节将激励更多的学生对科学产生兴趣，并为之付出努力。(inspire)
The Science Festival will ________________________________________________ and work hard at it．
句式升级
⑦用非限制性定语从句升级句①
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
⑧用强调句升级句⑥
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
妙笔成篇
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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语料积累
教材语料 亮词 surround；permit；lightning；thunderstorm；bang；let sb．down；put forward
美句 1．When we look at any question deeply enough，we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again． 2．They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions，but they never gave up．
拓展语料 单词 sorry adj．遗憾的；disappoint v．使失望→disappointing adj．令人失望的→disappointed adj．失望的→disappointment n．失望；扫兴；令人失望的人/事
语块 feel extremely disappointed感到失望极了；weep bitter tears of disappointment失望得痛哭流涕；hide one's disappointment掩饰某人的失望；a look of disappointment/loneliness flashes across/spreads over one's face某人脸上露出失望/孤独的表情
句型 1．Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself up in his room． 他对未能获奖感到极度失望，于是把自己锁在房间里。 2．It was at that moment that a ripple of regret welled up inside me．How I wished I hadn't said those words！ 就在那时，我的心中泛起了一阵遗憾的涟漪。我是多么希望我没有说那些话啊！ 3．Seeing the disappointing result，he was extremely disappointed，tears of regret running/streaming down his cheeks． 看到令人失望的结果，他非常失望，遗憾的眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
语料运用
①伊迪丝热衷于科学和发明。当她听说有一个关于发明和创新的比赛时，她毫不犹豫地报名参加了。
Edith is keen on science and invention．When she heard there was going to be a competition about invention and innovation，she ______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________．
②伊迪丝不遗余力地为此做准备，她相信每个人都会对她的发明感到惊讶。
Edith spared no effort to prepare for it and she was sure ________________________
________________________________．
③然而，在比赛中，当伊迪丝慢慢地启动机器时，它并没有像预期的那样工作。对于没能成功发明这台机器，她感到极度失望。
However，during the competition，when Edith slowly turned on the machine，it didn't work as expected．______________________________________________________
____________________________ at her failing to invent the machine．
④当她环顾四周时，她发现一些评委的脸上掠过失望的表情。(动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
When she looked around，________________________________________________
________________________________________．
⑤她低下头，沮丧极了，心中泛起一阵遗憾的涟漪。(独立主格结构)
Lowering her head，she was extremely frustrated，_____________________________
___________________________．
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