奠 基 篇
第1讲 构词法
第一节 派生法
派生词是由词根加词缀组成的词。一般来说，词根决定单词意思，前缀改变单词意思，后缀决定单词词性。
前缀
(1)anti- (反对，抵抗，防止)
anti-aging 抗衰老的 antibody 抗体
anti-war 反战的
(2)auto- (自动，自己)
automation 自动化 autobiography 自传
autonomous自主的；自治的
(3)be- (使……，使……成为)
belittle贬低
befriend 做朋友；友善对待
(4)bi- (两，二)
bimonthly 两月一次(的)
bilingual 会说两种语言的
(5)co-/con-/com- (一起，共同，联合)
coexist共存 co-worker同事
(6)de- (去除，降低，减少)
decrease (使)降低；减少 dewater 脱水
(7)dis- (不，无；相反；取消，分离)
disability 缺陷 disclose揭露；透露
disappear 消失 distract使分心
(8)en- (使……成某种状态；表示向内之意；加强意义)
endanger使处于危险 enrich使丰富
encircle包围 enlarge 扩大
(9)ex- (出，外，由……弄出；前任的，以前的)
export 出口 exclude不包括
exit出口 extract提取；拔出
(10)extra- (额外的，超过的) extraordinary非凡的
extracurricular课外的
(11)fore- (前，先；预告)
forehead 前额 forefather 祖先
forearm 前臂 foretell 预知
(12)il- (无，不，非，用在l之前)
illegal非法的 illogical不合逻辑的
illiterate不识字的
(13)im- (无，不，非，用在b、m、p前；向内；加强意义)
impatient不耐烦的 immoral不道德的
import进口 impolite 不礼貌的
(14)in- (无，不，非；内，入)
independent独立的 incomplete 不完整的
incorrect 不正确的 informal非正式的
(15)inter- (在……之间，……际；相互)
international国际的 interview面试；采访
(16)ir- (无，不，非，用在r前)
irregular不整齐的；不规则的 irrational不合理的
(17)micro- (微小，微)
microscope显微镜 microwave微波
(18)mini- (小的，短的，迷你的)
minibus小型公共汽车 miniskirt超短裙
(19)mis- (误，错，不)
misguide 误导 misunderstand 误解
(20)multi- (多)
multiculture多元文化
multilingual多种语言的
(21)non- (无，非，不)
non-party 无党派的
non-English非英语的
(22)over- (过多，过度；颠倒，反转)
overburden负担过重 overestimate高估
overstate言过其实 overweight超重的
(23)out- (超过；向外的)
outweigh重于；超过 outnumber数量超过
(24)post- (在后，后；邮件，邮政)
postgraduate 研究生 post-war 战后的
(25)pre- (在前；预先)
preheat 预先加热 prehistory 史前时期
(26)pro- (向前，在前)
progress进步 prospect希望；前景
(27)re- (回，再，重新)
recycle 再利用 reconsider 重新考虑
(28)Sino- (中国的)
Sino-American中美的
Sino-Japanese中日的
(29)sub- (下；次，亚，准；副，分支，下级)
subway地铁 sub-zero零度以下的
(30)super- (超级，在……之上，过度)
supermarket 超市 superhero 超级英雄
(31)sur- (上，外，超)
surface表面
surrealism超现实主义
(32)tele- (远的；电视的；通过电话的)
telescope 望远镜 television 电视
(33)trans- (横穿，从一端到另一端，转移)
transform 使改变形态 transport运输
(34)un- (不，无，非，未；取消；相反动作)
unable 未能 unhealthy 不健康的
(35)under- (下；内；不足，少)
underline在……下画线
underestimate低估
(36)vice- (副)
vice-chairman 副主席
vice-president副总统，副总裁
Ⅰ．根据左边的提示和前缀，写出右边单词的词义
1．virus n．病毒→ antivirus adj．抗病毒的
2．forest n．森林→ deforest v．砍伐森林
3．honorable adj．光荣的→dishonorable adj．可耻的；不光彩的
4．branch n．树枝→ disbranch v．修剪；剪断
5．trust n．信任→ entrust v．托付
6．fold v．折叠→ unfold v．展开
7．maker n．制造者→ automaker n．汽车制造商
8．annual adj．每年的→ biannual adj．一年两度的
9．blog n．博客→ microblog n．微博
10．conference n．会议→teleconference n．电话会议
Ⅱ．给提示词加上适当的前缀，并用其正确形式填空
1．My father is a lawyer，but he discouraged/discourages (courage) me from entering the field．
2．The real goal of encouraging children to participate in physical activity is not to look for talented athletes but to encourage children to have fun being active．(courage)
3．A good strategy to increase memory is to review/reviewing(view) the material you are trying to remember often．
4．As a news reporter，he attached much importance to the interview(view)．
5．Traditional festivals enable(able) us to learn about fine Chinese values．
6．Anxious all the time，I was unable(able) to keep focused for more than an hour at a time．
后缀
1．名词后缀
(1)-al
①构成抽象名词，表示行为、状况、事情
approve—approval 批准 arrive—arrival到达
②表示人
crime—criminal犯罪分子
intellect—intellectual 知识分子
(2)-ance (构成抽象名词，表示状态、情况、性质、行为)
accept—acceptance接受
annoy—annoyance 恼怒
(3)-ence (构成抽象名词，表示性质、状态、行为)
compete—competence竞争，竞赛
exist—existence存在
(4)-er，-or，-ar
①表示人
begin—beginner新手 report—reporter记者
invent—inventor 发明家
govern—governor统治者
scholar学者 liar说谎的人
②表示物
cook—cooker炊具
fold—folder文件夹；纸夹
wash—washer洗衣机 heat—heater加热器
(5)-ee (人，被动者)，-er (人，主动者)
employer 雇用者
employee 雇员(被雇用者)
trainee 受训者
(6)-eer (专做某种工作或从事某种职业的人)
engineer 工程师 volunteer 志愿者
(7)-ess (女性，雌性)
waitress女服务员 stewardess女乘务员
(8)-ist (专业人员，……主义者)
socialist 社会主义者 dentist牙医
(9)-ant (做……的人)
assist—assistant助手
consult—consultant顾问
(10)-(i)an (精通……的人)
music—musician音乐家
politics—politician 政治家
(11)-ity，-ty，-y (……的状态，……的事物)
similar—similarity 相似 real—reality现实
(12)-ation (行为，情况，状态)
prepare—preparation准备
relax—relaxation放松
(13)-ce (性质，状态)
absent—absence 缺席
consequent—consequence结果
(14)-cy (性质，状态，行为，职权，职务)
accurate—accuracy精确
adequate—adequacy足够；适当
(15)-dom (情况，状态，性质，身份)
free—freedom 自由 wise—wisdom 智慧
(16)-ure，-ture，-ature (……的行为，……的结果)
fail—failure失败 sign—signature 签名
(17)-ment (……的动作，……的结果)
argue—argument 争论；论据
achieve—achievement 成就
(18)-hood (构成抽象名词，表示时间、情况、状态、性质、身份、资格等)
childhood童年 neighbo(u)rhood街区
(19)-(i)bility [由“-(i)ble ＋ -ity”构词，表示可……性、易……性、可……]
able—ability能力 flexible—flexibility灵活性
(20)-ing
①表示行为、状态、情况及其他
begin—beginning开始
belong—belongings财产
②表示……行业、……学、……术、……法
farm—farming农业
garden—gardening园艺
(21)-ion (构成抽象名词，表示行为、行为的过程或结果、情况、状态)
①以t或s结尾的动词，直接加-ion
act—action行为；活动
conduct—conduction 传导
construct—construction 建筑
特殊词：expect—expectation期待
②以不发音字母e (te，de除外) 结尾的动词，常去掉e，再加上-ation或-ition。
admire—admiration羡慕
separate—separation分离
特殊词：invite邀请—invitation邀请
③以d或de结尾的动词，先改d或de为s，再加-ion
conclude—conclusion总结
decide—decision决定
extend—extension延伸
persuade—persuasion说服
特殊词：attend—attention注意，专心
intend—intention 目的，意图
④以mit结尾的动词，改mit为miss，再加上-ion
admit—admission承认，允许进入，进入权
⑤词干变化，再加-tion
describe—description描述
satisfy—satisfaction满意
(22)-th (……的状态)
grow—growth成长
strong—strength力气；优点
(23)-ful (……的量)
hand—handful一把
mouth—mouthful一口
(24)-ship (性质，身份，技能，集体)
hardship 艰难
leadership领导(地位)
(25)-ness (……的状态)
aware—awareness意识 sad—sadness伤心
(26)-logy，-graphy，-ics，-(e)ry [……学(说)]
biology生物学 ecology生态学
(27)-ization (表示行为的过程或结果，“……化”，与动词后缀-ize相对应)
computer—computerize—computerization计算机化
modern—modernize—modernization现代化
2．形容词后缀
(1)-able
①“v．＋able” (表示能……的、可以……的、适合于……的、值得……的)
adapt—adaptable可适应的
cure—curable可治愈的
②“n．＋able” (表示具有……特点的)
fashion—fashionable 时髦的
favo(u)r—favorable赞许的；有利的
(2)-ible (可……的，能……的，易……的或具有某种性质的)
responsible负责的 incredible不可信的
(3)-al (属于……的，具有……性质的，如……的)
accident—accidental偶然的
condition—conditional有条件的
logic—logical符合逻辑的
economic—economical经济的，节约的
(4)-ful (富有……的，充满……的，易于……的)
faith—faithful忠实的
fruit—fruitful成果丰硕的
(5)-ic (……的)
drama—dramatic戏剧的，富有戏剧性的
system—systematic系统的
(6)-ical (……的)
theory—theoretical理论的
type—typical 典型的
(7)-ish (如……的，有……性质的)
childish如小孩的，幼稚的 girlish如少女的
(8)-ive (有……倾向的，有……性质的)
produce—productive多产的
progress—progressive进步的
(9)-ate (充满……的，有……的特点)
passion—passionate热情的
consider—considerate考虑周到的
(10)-ous (具有……的特点)
adventure—adventurous冒险的
space—spacious宽敞的
(11)-some (引起/令人……的)
trouble—troublesome引起麻烦的
tire—tiresome令人厌烦的
3．动词后缀
(1)-ize/-ise (使，使……化；以……方式)
globe—globalize 全球化
modern—modernize现代化
(2)-(i)fy [使得，使……变成；使(某人)充满(某种感情)]
simply—simplify 简化 pure—purify净化
(3)-(e)n (使具有某种特性)
quick—quicken 加快
short—shorten (使)变短
(4)-ate (使具有某种性质)
origin—originate 发源；起源
active—activate (使)活动；激活
4．副词后缀
(1)-ly
①直接加-ly
actual—actually实际上
fortunate—fortunately幸运地
②以“辅音＋le”结尾，去le加-ly
gentle—gently温和地 simple—simply简单地
③以ic结尾加-ally
energetic—energetically精力充沛地
basic—basically大体上，基本上
特殊词：public—publicly公开地
④以“辅音＋y”结尾，把y变i再加-ly
happy—happily高兴地
特殊词：shy—shyly害羞地
(2)-ward(s) (向，朝)
afterward(s) 以后，后来 backward(s) 向后地
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．The government wants to toughen(tough) the existing drug controls．
2．So far the well-known journalist(journal) has accumulated more than 4，000 interviews with famous people．
3．The famous musician(music)，as well as his students，was invited to perform at the New Year's party．
4．The librarian(library) told the student that he should return the book in two weeks．
5．From time to time I look at the photo as a reminder(remind) to show respect to all animals．
6．I've been offered a job for three years as an assistant(assist) to Professor Hayes from Birmingham University．
7．She also stimulated his curiosity(curious) and opened his mind to other cultures．
8．Focusing on your strengths(strong) also helps you build your confidence．
9．In a good marriage (marry)，both husband and wife work hard to solve any problem that arises in their daily life．
10．I didn't think our meeting was accidental(accident) —he must have known I would be there．
11．Our great wish is that let every examinee(examine) go to their desired university．
12．We all went back to our respective(respect) homes to wait for news．
13．You should carry your membership(member) card with you at all times．
14．In this spirit，the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour remarkable(remark) sportspeople．
15．Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you memorize/memorise
(memory) it．
16．Your research report is too long．You have to simplify (simple) it in two pages．
17．The course helps teenagers broaden(broad) their knowledge of the world of work．
18．Reeve became a passionate and energetic(energy) advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities．
19．The fight ended only with the timely(time) arrival of the police．
20．After years of hard work，the small local business has finally become an established(establish) brand in the regional market．
第二节 合成法和转化法
合成法
1．合成形容词
warm-hearted热心的 cold-blooded冷血的
good-looking好看的 hard-working努力工作的
everlasting永恒的 never-ending 永无止境的
well-known著名的 newly-built新建的
high-speed高速度的 second-hand二手的
high-class高端的 duty-free免税的
2．合成名词
(1)形容词＋名词：blackboard黑板
whiteboard白板
(2)名词＋名词：airport机场 eyesight视力
website网址
(3)副词＋名词：underwear内衣
(4)动词-ing形式＋名词：waiting room候机室
sleeping pill安眠药
(5)动词＋名词：pickpocket扒手
(6)名词＋动词：daybreak拂晓 haircut发型
heartbeat心跳 handshake握手
(7)动词＋副词：breakthrough突破
breakdown崩溃；故障
(8)副词＋动词：income收入 input输入
outbreak爆发 output产量；输出
3．合成动词
uplift 高举 whitewash 粉刷
uphold 支持
翻译下列词块
1．a trouble-free life 无忧无虑的生活
2．handmade clothes手工制作的衣服
3．a second-class ticket一张二等票
4．a remote-controlled toy car 一辆遥控玩具车
5．top-secret information绝密信息
6．first-hand experience 亲身体验
7．the award-winning TV drama 获奖电视剧
8．an all-weather tennis court 一个全天候网球场
9．a groundbreaking study 一项突破性研究
10．a diet-related change 一个与饮食相关的变化
11．full-time education 全日制教育
12．a short-sighted decision 一个目光短浅的决定
转化法
转化法指的是不添加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法。
1．转化为动词
(1)名词转化为动词
book your ticket预定你的票
seat a thousand people 容纳一千人
head for 朝……前进
lunch together一起吃午餐
bridge the gap 消除隔阂
(2)形容词转化为动词
better our living conditions 改善我们的生活条件
lower his voice降低他的声音
(3)副词转化为动词(有少数副词可以转化为动词)
Murder will out．(谚语)纸包不住火。
2．转化为名词
(1)形容词转化为名词
the old 老年人
a natural for．．．天生适合……的人
(2)动词转化为名词
a man of strong build 一个体格健壮的人
写出下列单词的词性以及词义
1．Can you pour some water into that empty vase
She emptied the water out of the vase．(adj．空的；v．倒空)
2．Each apartment is a house which six people live in．
Each apartment can house a family of six．(n．房子；v．容纳)
3．If you want to cry，cry on my shoulder．
As teenagers，we must shoulder the responsibility of our nation．(n．肩膀；v．承担)
4．When the earthquake happened，people flooded to the playground．
There is a flood of people attending the lecture．(v．涌入；n．大量)
5．He walked on a carpet of grass．
The forest floor was carpeted with wild flowers．(n．一层；v．覆盖)
15/15奠 基 篇
第1讲 构词法
第一节 派生法
派生词是由词根加词缀组成的词。一般来说，词根决定单词意思，前缀改变单词意思，后缀决定单词词性。
前缀
(1)anti- (反对，抵抗，防止)
anti-aging 抗衰老的 antibody 抗体
anti-war 反战的
(2)auto- (自动，自己)
automation 自动化 autobiography 自传
autonomous自主的；自治的
(3)be- (使……，使……成为)
belittle贬低
befriend 做朋友；友善对待
(4)bi- (两，二)
bimonthly 两月一次(的)
bilingual 会说两种语言的
(5)co-/con-/com- (一起，共同，联合)
coexist共存 co-worker同事
(6)de- (去除，降低，减少)
decrease (使)降低；减少 dewater 脱水
(7)dis- (不，无；相反；取消，分离)
disability 缺陷 disclose揭露；透露
disappear 消失 distract使分心
(8)en- (使……成某种状态；表示向内之意；加强意义)
endanger使处于危险 enrich使丰富
encircle包围 enlarge 扩大
(9)ex- (出，外，由……弄出；前任的，以前的)
export 出口 exclude不包括
exit出口 extract提取；拔出
(10)extra- (额外的，超过的)
extraordinary非凡的
extracurricular课外的
(11)fore- (前，先；预告)
forehead 前额 forefather 祖先
forearm 前臂 foretell 预知
(12)il- (无，不，非，用在l之前)
illegal非法的 illogical不合逻辑的
illiterate不识字的
(13)im- (无，不，非，用在b、m、p前；向内；加强意义)
impatient不耐烦的 immoral不道德的
import进口 impolite 不礼貌的
(14)in- (无，不，非；内，入)
independent独立的 incomplete 不完整的
incorrect 不正确的 informal非正式的
(15)inter- (在……之间，……际；相互)
international国际的 interview面试；采访
(16)ir- (无，不，非，用在r前)
irregular不整齐的；不规则的 irrational不合理的
(17)micro- (微小，微)
microscope显微镜 microwave微波
(18)mini- (小的，短的，迷你的)
minibus小型公共汽车 miniskirt超短裙
(19)mis- (误，错，不)
misguide 误导 misunderstand 误解
(20)multi- (多)
multiculture多元文化
multilingual多种语言的
(21)non- (无，非，不)
non-party 无党派的
non-English非英语的
(22)over- (过多，过度；颠倒，反转)
overburden负担过重 overestimate高估
overstate言过其实 overweight超重的
(23)out- (超过；向外的)
outweigh重于；超过 outnumber数量超过
(24)post- (在后，后；邮件，邮政)
postgraduate 研究生 post-war 战后的
(25)pre- (在前；预先)
preheat 预先加热 prehistory 史前时期
(26)pro- (向前，在前)
progress进步 prospect希望；前景
(27)re- (回，再，重新)
recycle 再利用 reconsider 重新考虑
(28)Sino- (中国的)
Sino-American中美的
Sino-Japanese中日的
(29)sub- (下；次，亚，准；副，分支，下级)
subway地铁 sub-zero零度以下的
(30)super- (超级，在……之上，过度)
supermarket 超市 superhero 超级英雄
(31)sur- (上，外，超)
surface表面
surrealism超现实主义
(32)tele- (远的；电视的；通过电话的)
telescope 望远镜 television 电视
(33)trans- (横穿，从一端到另一端，转移)
transform 使改变形态 transport运输
(34)un- (不，无，非，未；取消；相反动作)
unable 未能 unhealthy 不健康的
(35)under- (下；内；不足，少)
underline在……下画线
underestimate低估
(36)vice- (副)
vice-chairman 副主席
vice-president副总统，副总裁
Ⅰ．根据左边的提示和前缀，写出右边单词的词义
1．virus n．病毒→ antivirus adj．____________
2．forest n．森林→ deforest v．____________
3．honorable adj．光荣的→dishonorable adj．__________________
4．branch n．树枝→ disbranch v．____________
5．trust n．信任→ entrust v．____________
6．fold v．折叠→ unfold v．____________
7．maker n．制造者→ automaker n．____________
8．annual adj．每年的→ biannual adj．____________
9．blog n．博客→ microblog n．____________
10．conference n．会议→teleconference n．____________
Ⅱ．给提示词加上适当的前缀，并用其正确形式填空
1．My father is a lawyer, but he ____________ (courage) me from entering the field．
2．The real goal of ____________ children to participate in physical activity is not to look for talented athletes but ____________ children to have fun being active．(courage)
3．A good strategy to increase memory is ____________(view) the material you are trying to remember often．
4．As a news reporter, he attached much importance to the ____________(view)．
5．Traditional festivals ____________(able) us to learn about fine Chinese values．
6．Anxious all the time, I was ____________(able) to keep focused for more than an hour at a time．
后缀
1．名词后缀
(1)-al
①构成抽象名词，表示行为、状况、事情
approve—approval 批准 arrive—arrival到达
②表示人
crime—criminal犯罪分子
intellect—intellectual 知识分子
(2)-ance (构成抽象名词，表示状态、情况、性质、行为)
accept—acceptance接受
annoy—annoyance 恼怒
(3)-ence (构成抽象名词，表示性质、状态、行为)
compete—competence竞争，竞赛
exist—existence存在
(4)-er，-or，-ar
①表示人
begin—beginner新手 report—reporter记者
invent—inventor 发明家
govern—governor统治者
scholar学者 liar说谎的人
②表示物
cook—cooker炊具
fold—folder文件夹；纸夹
wash—washer洗衣机 heat—heater加热器
(5)-ee (人，被动者), -er (人，主动者)
employer 雇用者
employee 雇员(被雇用者)
trainee 受训者
(6)-eer (专做某种工作或从事某种职业的人)
engineer 工程师 volunteer 志愿者
(7)-ess (女性，雌性)
waitress女服务员 stewardess女乘务员
(8)-ist (专业人员，……主义者)
socialist 社会主义者 dentist牙医
(9)-ant (做……的人)
assist—assistant助手
consult—consultant顾问
(10)-(i)an (精通……的人)
music—musician音乐家
politics—politician 政治家
(11)-ity，-ty，-y (……的状态，……的事物)
similar—similarity 相似 real—reality现实
(12)-ation (行为，情况，状态)
prepare—preparation准备
relax—relaxation放松
(13)-ce (性质，状态)
absent—absence 缺席
consequent—consequence结果
(14)-cy (性质，状态，行为，职权，职务)
accurate—accuracy精确
adequate—adequacy足够；适当
(15)-dom (情况，状态，性质，身份)
free—freedom 自由 wise—wisdom 智慧
(16)-ure，-ture，-ature (……的行为，……的结果)
fail—failure失败 sign—signature 签名
(17)-ment (……的动作，……的结果)
argue—argument 争论；论据
achieve—achievement 成就
(18)-hood (构成抽象名词，表示时间、情况、状态、性质、身份、资格等)
childhood童年 neighbo(u)rhood街区
(19)-(i)bility [由“-(i)ble ＋ -ity”构词，表示可……性、易……性、可……]
able—ability能力 flexible—flexibility灵活性
(20)-ing
①表示行为、状态、情况及其他
begin—beginning开始
belong—belongings财产
②表示……行业、……学、……术、……法
farm—farming农业
garden—gardening园艺
(21)-ion (构成抽象名词，表示行为、行为的过程或结果、情况、状态)
①以t或s结尾的动词，直接加-ion
act—action行为；活动
conduct—conduction 传导
construct—construction 建筑
特殊词：expect—expectation期待
②以不发音字母e (te，de除外) 结尾的动词，常去掉e, 再加上-ation或-ition。
admire—admiration羡慕
separate—separation分离
特殊词：invite邀请—invitation邀请
③以d或de结尾的动词，先改d或de为s，再加-ion
conclude—conclusion总结
decide—decision决定
extend—extension延伸
persuade—persuasion说服
特殊词：attend—attention注意，专心
intend—intention 目的，意图
④以mit结尾的动词，改mit为miss，再加上-ion
admit—admission承认，允许进入，进入权
⑤词干变化，再加-tion
describe—description描述
satisfy—satisfaction满意
(22)-th (……的状态)
grow—growth成长
strong—strength力气；优点
(23)-ful (……的量)
hand—handful一把
mouth—mouthful一口
(24)-ship (性质，身份，技能，集体)
hardship 艰难
leadership领导(地位)
(25)-ness (……的状态)
aware—awareness意识 sad—sadness伤心
(26)-logy，-graphy，-ics，-(e)ry [……学(说)]
biology生物学 ecology生态学
(27)-ization (表示行为的过程或结果，“……化”，与动词后缀-ize相对应)
computer—computerize—computerization计算机化
modern—modernize—modernization现代化
2．形容词后缀
(1)-able
①“v．＋able” (表示能……的、可以……的、适合于……的、值得……的)
adapt—adaptable可适应的
cure—curable可治愈的
②“n．＋able” (表示具有……特点的)
fashion—fashionable 时髦的
favo(u)r—favorable赞许的；有利的
(2)-ible (可……的，能……的，易……的或具有某种性质的)
responsible负责的 incredible不可信的
(3)-al (属于……的， 具有……性质的，如……的)
accident—accidental偶然的
condition—conditional有条件的
logic—logical符合逻辑的
economic—economical经济的，节约的
(4)-ful (富有……的， 充满……的， 易于……的)
faith—faithful忠实的
fruit—fruitful成果丰硕的
(5)-ic (……的)
drama—dramatic戏剧的，富有戏剧性的
system—systematic系统的
(6)-ical (……的)
theory—theoretical理论的
type—typical 典型的
(7)-ish (如……的，有……性质的)
childish如小孩的，幼稚的 girlish如少女的
(8)-ive (有……倾向的，有……性质的)
produce—productive多产的
progress—progressive进步的
(9)-ate (充满……的， 有……的特点)
passion—passionate热情的
consider—considerate考虑周到的
(10)-ous (具有……的特点)
adventure—adventurous冒险的
space—spacious宽敞的
(11)-some (引起/令人……的)
trouble—troublesome引起麻烦的
tire—tiresome令人厌烦的
3．动词后缀
(1)-ize/-ise (使，使……化；以……方式)
globe—globalize 全球化
modern—modernize现代化
(2)-(i)fy [使得，使……变成；使(某人)充满(某种感情)]
simply—simplify 简化 pure—purify净化
(3)-(e)n (使具有某种特性)
quick—quicken 加快
short—shorten (使)变短
(4)-ate (使具有某种性质)
origin—originate 发源；起源
active—activate (使)活动；激活
4．副词后缀
(1)-ly
①直接加-ly
actual—actually实际上
fortunate—fortunately幸运地
②以“辅音＋le”结尾，去le加-ly
gentle—gently温和地 simple—simply简单地
③以ic结尾加-ally
energetic—energetically精力充沛地
basic—basically大体上，基本上
特殊词：public—publicly公开地
④以“辅音＋y”结尾， 把y变i再加-ly
happy—happily高兴地
特殊词：shy—shyly害羞地
(2)-ward(s) (向，朝)
afterward(s) 以后，后来 backward(s) 向后地
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．The government wants to ____________(tough) the existing drug controls．
2．So far the well-known ____________(journal) has accumulated more than 4，000 interviews with famous people．
3．The famous ____________(music), as well as his students, was invited to perform at the New Year's party．
4．The ____________(library) told the student that he should return the book in two weeks．
5．From time to time I look at the photo as a ____________(remind) to show respect to all animals．
6．I've been offered a job for three years as an ____________(assist) to Professor Hayes from Birmingham University．
7．She also stimulated his ____________(curious) and opened his mind to other cultures．
8．Focusing on your ____________(strong) also helps you build your confidence．
9．In a good ____________ (marry), both husband and wife work hard to solve any problem that arises in their daily life．
10．I didn't think our meeting was ____________(accident) —he must have known I would be there．
11．Our great wish is that let every ____________(examine) go to their desired university．
12．We all went back to our ____________(respect) homes to wait for news．
13．You should carry your ____________(member) card with you at all times．
14．In this spirit, the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour ____________(remark) sportspeople．
15．Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you ____________(memory) it．
16．Your research report is too long． You have to ____________ (simple) it in two pages．
17．The course helps teenagers ____________(broad) their knowledge of the world of work．
18．Reeve became a passionate and ____________(energy) advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities．
19．The fight ended only with the ____________(time) arrival of the police．
20．After years of hard work, the small local business has finally become an ____________(establish) brand in the regional market．
第二节 合成法和转化法
合成法
1．合成形容词
warm-hearted热心的 cold-blooded冷血的
good-looking好看的
hard-working努力工作的
everlasting永恒的 never-ending 永无止境的
well-known著名的 newly-built新建的
high-speed高速度的 second-hand二手的
high-class高端的 duty-free免税的
2．合成名词
(1)形容词＋名词：blackboard黑板
whiteboard白板
(2)名词＋名词：airport机场 eyesight视力
website网址
(3)副词＋名词：underwear内衣
(4)动词-ing形式＋名词：waiting room候机室
sleeping pill安眠药
(5)动词＋名词：pickpocket扒手
(6)名词＋动词：daybreak拂晓 haircut发型
heartbeat心跳 handshake握手
(7)动词＋副词：breakthrough突破
breakdown崩溃；故障
(8)副词＋动词：income收入 input输入
outbreak爆发 output产量；输出
3．合成动词
uplift 高举 whitewash 粉刷
uphold 支持
翻译下列词块
1．a trouble-free life ________________
2．handmade clothes ________________
3．a second-class ticket ________________
4．a remote-controlled toy car ________________
5．top-secret information ________________
6．first-hand experience ________________
7．the award-winning TV drama ________________
8．an all-weather tennis court ________________
9．a groundbreaking study ________________
10．a diet-related change ________________
11．full-time education ________________
12．a short-sighted decision ________________
转化法
转化法指的是不添加任何成分， 不改变词形， 把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法。
1．转化为动词
(1)名词转化为动词
book your ticket预定你的票
seat a thousand people 容纳一千人
head for 朝……前进
lunch together一起吃午餐
bridge the gap 消除隔阂
(2)形容词转化为动词
better our living conditions 改善我们的生活条件
lower his voice降低他的声音
(3)副词转化为动词(有少数副词可以转化为动词)
Murder will out．(谚语)纸包不住火。
2．转化为名词
(1)形容词转化为名词
the old 老年人
a natural for... 天生适合……的人
(2)动词转化为名词
a man of strong build 一个体格健壮的人
写出下列单词的词性以及词义
1．Can you pour some water into that empty vase
She emptied the water out of the vase． ( )
2．Each apartment is a house which six people live in．
Each apartment can house a family of six． ( )
3．If you want to cry, cry on my shoulder．
As teenagers, we must shoulder the responsibility of our nation． ( )
4．When the earthquake happened, people flooded to the playground．
There is a flood of people attending the lecture． ( )
5．He walked on a carpet of grass．
The forest floor was carpeted with wild flowers． ( )
15 / 15
