核心 词汇 1．_______ v．按 2．_______ v．射出(光线等)，放射 3．________ n．渴望，欲望 4．_________ adj．被动的 5．________ prep．无法…… 6．__________ n．例子，实例 7．_______________ adj．非凡的，出色的 8．___________ adj．聪颖的，才华横溢的 9．________ n．学说，理论 10．________ adj．精神的；精神健康的 11．______ n．药剂；疗法 12．_______ v．起草，草拟 13．____________ n．(科学)实验 14．_______ n．闪光 15．__________ adv．完全地，彻底地 16．_________ n．记述，描述 17．_______ n．证明，证据 18．___________ n．程序，步骤，手续
阅读 词汇 1．___________ n．火药 2．_________ n．指南针，罗盘 3．_________ adj．虚拟的，模拟的 4．_________ n．电池 5．_________ v．计算 6．_______ n．东西，物品 7．____________ n．天文学家 8．____________________ 公历，阳历(自1582年起在西方 使用的历法) 9．species n．____ 10．stream n．_______ 11．radium n．___________ 12．lightning n．____ 13．fiction n．___________ 14．metal n．____ 15．gravity n．_______
拓展 词汇 1．flexible adj．易弯曲的，柔韧的→__________ adv．灵活地；有弹性地→_____________ n．灵活；弹性；柔韧 2．capable adj．有能力的→____________ n．能力 3．significant adj．重要的，影响深远的→______________ n．重要性，意义 4．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→________ n．伤；损害→_________ adj．受伤的 5．chemist n．化学家；药剂师→___________ n．化学→__________ adj．化学的 6．biologist n．生物学家→_________ n．生理；生物学→____________ adj．生物(学)的 7．accurate adj．精确的→____________ adv．精确地→__________ n．精确度，准确性 8．minor adj．小的；次要的→__________ n．少数 9．origin n．起源，起因→__________ adj．起初的；原来的 n．原作→____________ adv．原来；起初 10．declaration n．声明，宣告→_________ v．宣布 11．attach v．系，绑；贴；附→__________ adj．附属于；依恋的→____________ n．附件；连接物；依恋 12．conduct v．传导(热、电)；指挥；实施→___________ n．导体；指挥；售票员 13．scientific adj．科学(上)的→_________ n．科学；理科→___________ n．科学家
高频 短语 1．_______________ 可穿戴技术 2．_____________ 除此之外，另外 3．_________________ 别轻易说决不 4．___________________ 自然选择 5．________________ 实地研究，实地调研 6．instead of ________ 7．in terms of _____________ 8．along with ________ 9．take place _______ 10．die from __________
句型 公式 1．There have been golden ages of invention throughout history．(There be 句型) 纵观历史，我们经历过很多发明创造的黄金时代。 2．And now，we find ourselves in the great new age of technology．(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 而现在，我们自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。 3．In terms of the environment，it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house．(it is possible to do) 在环境领域，建造智能可移动房屋现在已成为可能。 4．So what is it that inspires us to invent things？(强调句型的特殊疑问句式) 那是什么激励着人们去进行发明呢？ 5．But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create，and that's the real spirit of invention．(what引导的主语从句) 不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。 6．But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock．(虚拟语气) 但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
People attach 1．_____________(significance)value to medicated diet in Chinese cuisine．It is a skillful 2．_____________(apply) of the yin and yang(阴阳) theory which accounts 3．_____ the function of food and herbs．The Chinese sort each type of vegetable and meat in 4．_______ (term) of yin and yang with 5．___ desire that vegetables with meat 6．_____________ (be) capable of making each cooked dish balanced．In addition，there are rules on how 7．________ (use) food and herbs to keep physical and mental health．
There are accurate records 8．______ more than one disease can be 9．__________(entire) cured through proper diets．10．_________(know) the nature of food enables brilliant Chinese people to make scientific and flexible options to balance yin and yang of the body．
1．desire n．渴望，欲望；渴求 vt．希望得到；想要
①Research also suggests that our desire _________ (seek) risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result．
②There is greater public interest in old stories and traditions，as well as a desire _____ high-quality products．
③After a few months，her only desire is that her son __________________ (recover) from the serious illness．
应用文写作之建议信
既然你有强烈的学习中国文化的愿望，我建议你申请北京大学。
Since ___________________________________________________，I suggest you apply for Peking University．
◎have a strong desire
◎desire to do sth．渴望做某事
desire sb．to do sth．希望某人做某事
desire that ...(should) do sth．希望……做某事
◎(2024·北京卷)That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments．
那个梦提醒我，那些恐惧和欲望能够激励我去冒险并进行尝试。
2．significant adj．重要的，影响深远的；有重大意义的；显著的
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 2)As China has boomed，the educational environment has improved _______________ (significant)，with many great universities now available．
②Not only does she attach great ______________(significant) to reading，but she also spares at least 20 minutes every day to read．
③Last but not least，health is also very _____________ (significance) for us students．
一句多译
设立世界海洋日是为了让人们意识到保护海洋是很重要的。
① World Oceans Day was set up to make people aware that protecting the oceans __________________________．
② World Oceans Day was set up to make people aware that protecting the oceans _____________________．
◎ be significant for 对……是重要的
It is significant that ...很明显……
◎significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
be of (great/no/little) significance to...对……(很/不)重要
attach (great) significance to认为……(很)重要
◎significantly adv．有重大意义地；显著地
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants．
由于该系统是自动化的，所以它显著地减少了种植植物所需的水量。
3．injure v．使受伤，弄伤
①To our relief，up to now the _________ (injure) in the crash have been carried to the nearby hospital．
②The library is functioning as a temporary hospital to cope with people _________ (injure) in the earthquake．
③He never says never so I firmly believe that he will recover from the ________ (injure) soon．
读后续写之动作描写
司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。
The driver rushed _____________ to the hospital immediately，ignoring the traffic signals all the way．
◎injured adj．受伤的；有伤的
get injured受伤
the injured伤员
◎injury n．伤害；损伤
do sb．an injury/do an injury to sb．伤害某人
◎Though having injured his leg，he was determined to finish the marathon．
尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。
4．cure n．药剂；疗法；措施v．治愈；治好；改善(困境)；解决
①No matter when I made a mistake，you were always patient to point it out and cure me ____ the bad behavior．
②Professor Wang said the reason of short-sightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure _____ it．
应用文写作之学校生活
在父母和老师的帮助下，我改正了自己的一些不好的学习习惯，并在学习上取得了进步。
With the help of my parents and teachers，I ______________________________ ____________ and made progress in my study．
◎cure sb．of sth．治好某人的病；改掉某人的(坏)习惯
◎a cure for ...……的治疗方法
“v．＋sb．＋of”的固定搭配还有：accuse sb．of sth．控告某人某事；convince sb．of sth．使某人相信某事；inform sb．of sth．通知某人某事；remind sb．of sth．提醒某人某事；rob sb．of sth．抢劫某人某物；suspect sb．of sth．怀疑某人某事等。
5．attach v．系，绑；贴
①As stated in my __________(attach) CV，I can speak both English and French fluently．
②To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to __________ (become)rich and famous．
③On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card attached ____ it，saying “Happy birthday！”
④(北师大版必修第一册Unit 3)Next，the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down ____ our front door．
应用文写作之建议信
在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
You can never _________________________________ reading during the course of learning language．
◎attach ...to ...把……固定/附在……上
attach great importance/significance to...认为……有重要性/意义
◎attached adj．热爱……的；附属于；所附的
be attached to附属于；依恋
◎attachment n．附件，附属物
◎It is high time that we should attach great importance to energy saving and environmental protection．
是我们高度重视节能和环境保护的时候了。
6．account n．记述，描述；理由；计算；(银行)账户；账目；报道vi．&vt．认为是，视作；说明；总计有
写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①I opened a bank account after I made 1，000 yuan by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation． ______
②Much to our surprise，the witness' account of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects． ______
③In English law，a person is accounted innocent until he/she is proved guilty．
________
④The accounts show that the business is beginning to improve． ______
读后续写之心理描写
他心想，他绝不会再犯同样的错误。
_____________________________ the same mistake again，he thought to himself．
◎account for说明(原因等)；作出解释；占……比例
◎on account of由于，因为
on no account决不(放在句首时，句子要倒装)
take ...into account/take account of＝take...into consideration考虑到……
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It takes no account of the context．
它没有把上下文考虑在内。
7．[教材原句]More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth．(“more than one＋单数可数名词”作主语)
数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追求真理时采用的科学手段。
①Either you or one of your students ____(be) to attend the meeting that will be held tomorrow．
②Not only the students but also the teacher _______ (want) to go climbing．
③Neither I nor my brother ____ (be) interested in swimming．
④We each have a different point of view．Each of us _____ (have) got something to say．
⑤Since May，more than one death from monkey pox(猴痘) infection ___________________(report)in this area，causing great concern of the local government．
应用文写作之活动介绍
邀请了不止一个专家就他们取得了非凡成绩的领域发表演讲。
______________________________________________________________ about the field where they have made extraordinary achievements．
◎“more than one＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
◎either，neither，each，every或no＋单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。
◎由and连接的并列主语前面分别有every，each，no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
◎用or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数同最邻近的主语保持一致。
◎More than one student speaks highly of the exploring study，hoping it'll go on．
不止一个学生高度评价研究性学习活动，希望它能继续进行。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Jack ______ (shoot) an anxious look at his mother when she bent down in pain．
2．One day，when I opened my book，I found a beautiful card __________(attach) to the first page，giving me best wishes．
3．Actually，all of us desire ____________ (achieve)success，but sometimes our actions don't correspond with what we desire．
4．Music has a magic power to bring relief and satisfaction and even cure people ____ diseases．
5．He is capable ____ conducting a conversation for a long time．
6．I doubt the __________ (accurate) of his statement because it doesn't agree with the fact．
7．The _________ (injure) man was rushed to the hospital．After being examined，he was thought to be physically and __________ (mental) well．
8．Only a __________ (minor) of young people think they will become __________ (chemist) and do ____________ (science) research．
9．The _____________ (declare) was not __________ (entire) unexpected．There had been signs in the minister's speech．
10．As a ___________ (biology)，he attaches ______________ (significant) to protecting the species．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．press
A．v．按，压 B．v．逼迫 C．v．挤，推 D．n．新闻界 E．n．印刷机
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There，you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled． ___
(2)(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Before the wide use of the printing press，books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right． ___
(3)With the pumpkin resting on the table，hole uppermost，I bent over and pressed my head against the opening． ___
(4)What makes us annoyed is that they are pressing us to make a quick decision． ___
(5)I don't want the public，especially the press to know about this matter at this stage． ___
2．conduct
A．v．引导，带领 B．v．指挥(军队、乐队等) C．v．实施，进行 D．v．举止，表现 E．v．传导 F．n．经营方式，管理方式
(1)(2024·北京卷)Finally，I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab． ___
(2)The warm-hearted guide conducted us around the West Lake and we enjoyed the breathtaking scenery． ___
(3)He was more than honoured to be invited to conduct a concert in America． ___
(4)There is no denying that his conduct of the business was very successful． ___
(5)There are some materials that conduct heat well． ___
(6)Make sure that you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should． ___
3．stream
A．n．溪流 B．n．人流
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived． ___
(2)We accessed the wall through the South Gate．The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall． ___
4．(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots，I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame． ___
A．射出，放射 B．射击
C．拍摄
5．(2023·浙江1月卷)I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside，closing the door securely behind me． ___
A．东西，物品 B．制作标本
C．塞满，装满
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．正是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念，才使得一些不同寻常的事情最终发生。
______________________________________________ made something unusual happen finally．
2．据我所知，不止一个学生想要毕业后去参军。
As far as I know，____________________________________________．
3．如果不是我的粗鲁，你就不会生气。
If it ______________ for my rudeness，you _________________________________．
假定你是李华，你校将举办主题为“科技与现代生活”的演讲比赛。请你写一篇文章参赛。
写作微练
①毫无疑问，科技已经取得了巨大进步，它与我们的日常生活息息相关。
__________ technology _________________________ and it is closely related to our daily life．
②例如，世界各地的化学家和生物学家已经进行了一系列的科学实验，试图找到癌症的治疗方法。
______________________________________ all over the world ____________ ______________________________，trying to find ___________________．
③这个问题解决之后，人类的生活质量将大大提高。(with复合结构)
__________________________，the quality of human life will be greatly improved．
④除此之外，中国的天文学家已经建造了世界上最大的天文望远镜，这对探索宇宙的起源有重要意义。
_____________，Chinese astronomers have built the world's largest astronomical telescope，which _______________________________________________________．
⑤多亏了科技的快速发展，我们的未来会更美好。
_______________________________________________，our future will be better．
句式升级
⑥用“There is no doubt that...”和过去分词短语作后置定语改写句①
_____________________________________________________________________
妙笔成篇
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 press；shoot；injure；draft；flexible；capable；desire；never say never；extraordinary；brilliant；mental；compass；species；stream；lightning; flash；gravity
美句 More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth．
拓展 语料 词块 gasp in astonishment惊讶得倒吸一口气；a tone of surprise/a surprised tone/voice惊讶的口气/声音；give a cry of surprise吃惊地喊出声来；too surprised/astonished to utter a word/be speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话来；freeze/stand still/stop dead/be numb with shock呆住；shake one's head in disbelief难以置信地摇头；gape at张口结舌地看，目瞪口呆地凝视；one's jaw drops/dropped 张口结舌
句型 1．Despair seized him at the thought of his failure in the exam．(无灵主语句) 一想到考试的失败，他就万念俱灰。 2．Confused and astonished，he gaped at the wall，wide eyed．(形容词短语作状语) 他既困惑又惊讶，目瞪口呆地望着墙壁。 3．After what seemed like a long time，he recovered from shock． 似乎过了很长一段时间，他才从震惊中恢复过来。 4．Everyone gasped in astonishment as the car came around the last bend． 汽车驶过最后一个弯道时，每个人都惊讶地倒吸一口气。
语料运用
①聪明的杰里米渴望去国家地质公园进行他的六年级的实地考察，但不幸的是他病了，失望的泪水顺着他的脸颊流下来。
Brilliant Jeremy ___________________________________________ at the National Geological Park，but unluckily he fell ill，____________________________．
②一想到要错过这次实地考察，他就感到绝望。
_____________________________________________________________．(无灵主语句)
③他被迫吃药，然后很快就睡着了。
He _____________________ medicine and fell asleep soon．
④当他醒来时，他的父亲让他去见赫尔方教授，赫尔方教授允许他参观他的天文台。
When he awoke，his father asked him to meet Professor Helfand，______________________________________________．(定语从句)
⑤看到许多又大又亮的星星，他愣住了，吃惊地叫了一声。
When seeing many big bright stars，he froze there，and then ________________________．
⑥当教授邀请他加入他的团队时，他惊讶得一句话也说不出来，只是难以置信地不停地点着头。
When the professor invited him to join his team，he _________________ ___________________ and he just kept nodding his head in disbelief．
1 / 15核心 词汇 1．press v．按 2．shoot v．射出(光线等)，放射 3．desire n．渴望，欲望 4．passive adj．被动的 5．beyond prep．无法…… 6．instance n．例子，实例 7．extraordinary adj．非凡的，出色的 8．brilliant adj．聪颖的，才华横溢的 9．theory n．学说，理论 10．mental adj．精神的；精神健康的 11．cure n．药剂；疗法 12．draft v．起草，草拟 13．experiment n．(科学)实验 14．flash n．闪光 15．entirely adv．完全地，彻底地 16．account n．记述，描述 17．proof n．证明，证据 18．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续
阅读 词汇 1．gunpowder n．火药 2．compass n．指南针，罗盘 3．virtual adj．虚拟的，模拟的 4．battery n．电池 5．compute v．计算 6．stuff n．东西，物品 7．astronomer n．天文学家 8．Gregorian calendar 公历，阳历(自1582年起在西方 使用的历法) 9．species n．物种 10．stream n．小河，小溪 11．radium n．镭(一种化学元素) 12．lightning n．闪电 13．fiction n．虚构的事，想象的事 14．metal n．金属 15．gravity n．重力，引力
拓展 词汇 1．flexible adj．易弯曲的，柔韧的→flexibly adv．灵活地；有弹性地→flexibility n．灵活；弹性；柔韧 2．capable adj．有能力的→capability n．能力 3．significant adj．重要的，影响深远的→significance n．重要性，意义 4．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→injury n．伤；损害→injured adj．受伤的 5．chemist n．化学家；药剂师→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj．化学的 6．biologist n．生物学家→biology n．生理；生物学→biological adj．生物(学)的 7．accurate adj．精确的→accurately adv．精确地→accuracy n．精确度，准确性 8．minor adj．小的；次要的→minority n．少数 9．origin n．起源，起因→original adj．起初的；原来的 n．原作→originally adv．原来；起初 10．declaration n．声明，宣告→declare v．宣布 11．attach v．系，绑；贴；附→attached adj．附属于；依恋的→attachment n．附件；连接物；依恋 12．conduct v．传导(热、电)；指挥；实施→conductor n．导体；指挥；售票员 13．scientific adj．科学(上)的→science n．科学；理科→scientist n．科学家
高频 短语 1．wearable tech 可穿戴技术 2．in addition 除此之外，另外 3．never say never 别轻易说决不 4．natural selection 自然选择 5．field research 实地研究，实地调研 6．instead of 代替；而不是 7．in terms of 按照；谈及；在……方面 8．along with 连同……一起 9．take place 发生；举行 10．die from 死于；因……而死
句型 公式 1．There have been golden ages of invention throughout history．(There be 句型) 纵观历史，我们经历过很多发明创造的黄金时代。 2．And now，we find ourselves in the great new age of technology．(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 而现在，我们自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。 3．In terms of the environment，it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house．(it is possible to do) 在环境领域，建造智能可移动房屋现在已成为可能。 4．So what is it that inspires us to invent things？(强调句型的特殊疑问句式) 那是什么激励着人们去进行发明呢？ 5．But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create，and that's the real spirit of invention．(what引导的主语从句) 不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。 6．But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock．(虚拟语气) 但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
People attach 1．significant(significance)value to medicated diet in Chinese cuisine．It is a skillful 2．application(apply) of the yin and yang(阴阳) theory which accounts 3．for the function of food and herbs．The Chinese sort each type of vegetable and meat in 4．terms (term) of yin and yang with 5．a desire that vegetables with meat 6．(should) be (be) capable of making each cooked dish balanced．In addition，there are rules on how 7．to use (use) food and herbs to keep physical and mental health．
There are accurate records 8．that more than one disease can be 9．entirely(entire) cured through proper diets．10．Knowing(know) the nature of food enables brilliant Chinese people to make scientific and flexible options to balance yin and yang of the body．
1．desire n．渴望，欲望；渴求 vt．希望得到；想要
①Research also suggests that our desire to seek (seek) risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result．
②There is greater public interest in old stories and traditions，as well as a desire for high-quality products．
③After a few months，her only desire is that her son (should) recover (recover) from the serious illness．
应用文写作之建议信
既然你有强烈的学习中国文化的愿望，我建议你申请北京大学。
Since you have a strong desire to learn Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Peking University．
◎have a strong desire
◎desire to do sth．渴望做某事
desire sb．to do sth．希望某人做某事
desire that ...(should) do sth．希望……做某事
◎(2024·北京卷)That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments．
那个梦提醒我，那些恐惧和欲望能够激励我去冒险并进行尝试。
2．significant adj．重要的，影响深远的；有重大意义的；显著的
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 2)As China has boomed，the educational environment has improved significantly (significant)，with many great universities now available．
②Not only does she attach great significance(significant) to reading，but she also spares at least 20 minutes every day to read．
③Last but not least，health is also very significant (significance) for us students．
一句多译
设立世界海洋日是为了让人们意识到保护海洋是很重要的。
① World Oceans Day was set up to make people aware that protecting the oceans is of great significance．
② World Oceans Day was set up to make people aware that protecting the oceans is very significant．
◎ be significant for 对……是重要的
It is significant that ...很明显……
◎significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
be of (great/no/little) significance to...对……(很/不)重要
attach (great) significance to认为……(很)重要
◎significantly adv．有重大意义地；显著地
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants．
由于该系统是自动化的，所以它显著地减少了种植植物所需的水量。
3．injure v．使受伤，弄伤
①To our relief，up to now the injured (injure) in the crash have been carried to the nearby hospital．
②The library is functioning as a temporary hospital to cope with people injured (injure) in the earthquake．
③He never says never so I firmly believe that he will recover from the injury (injure) soon．
读后续写之动作描写
司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。
The driver rushed the injured to the hospital immediately，ignoring the traffic signals all the way．
◎injured adj．受伤的；有伤的
get injured受伤
the injured伤员
◎injury n．伤害；损伤
do sb．an injury/do an injury to sb．伤害某人
◎Though having injured his leg，he was determined to finish the marathon．
尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。
4．cure n．药剂；疗法；措施v．治愈；治好；改善(困境)；解决
①No matter when I made a mistake，you were always patient to point it out and cure me of the bad behavior．
②Professor Wang said the reason of short-sightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure for it．
应用文写作之学校生活
在父母和老师的帮助下，我改正了自己的一些不好的学习习惯，并在学习上取得了进步。
With the help of my parents and teachers，I cured myself of some bad learning habits and made progress in my study．
◎cure sb．of sth．治好某人的病；改掉某人的(坏)习惯
◎a cure for ...……的治疗方法
“v．＋sb．＋of”的固定搭配还有：accuse sb．of sth．控告某人某事；convince sb．of sth．使某人相信某事；inform sb．of sth．通知某人某事；remind sb．of sth．提醒某人某事；rob sb．of sth．抢劫某人某物；suspect sb．of sth．怀疑某人某事等。
5．attach v．系，绑；贴
①As stated in my attached(attach) CV，I can speak both English and French fluently．
②To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to becoming (become)rich and famous．
③On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card attached to it，saying “Happy birthday！”
④(北师大版必修第一册Unit 3)Next，the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door．
应用文写作之建议信
在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
You can never attach too much significance to reading during the course of learning language．
◎attach ...to ...把……固定/附在……上
attach great importance/significance to...认为……有重要性/意义
◎attached adj．热爱……的；附属于；所附的
be attached to附属于；依恋
◎attachment n．附件，附属物
◎It is high time that we should attach great importance to energy saving and environmental protection．
是我们高度重视节能和环境保护的时候了。
6．account n．记述，描述；理由；计算；(银行)账户；账目；报道vi．&vt．认为是，视作；说明；总计有
写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①I opened a bank account after I made 1，000 yuan by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation． n.账户
②Much to our surprise，the witness' account of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects． n.描述
③In English law，a person is accounted innocent until he/she is proved guilty．
vt.认为，视为
④The accounts show that the business is beginning to improve． n.账目
读后续写之心理描写
他心想，他绝不会再犯同样的错误。
On no account would he make the same mistake again，he thought to himself．
◎account for说明(原因等)；作出解释；占……比例
◎on account of由于，因为
on no account决不(放在句首时，句子要倒装)
take ...into account/take account of＝take...into consideration考虑到……
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It takes no account of the context．
它没有把上下文考虑在内。
7．[教材原句]More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth．(“more than one＋单数可数名词”作主语)
数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追求真理时采用的科学手段。
①Either you or one of your students is(be) to attend the meeting that will be held tomorrow．
②Not only the students but also the teacher wants (want) to go climbing．
③Neither I nor my brother is (be) interested in swimming．
④We each have a different point of view．Each of us has (have) got something to say．
⑤Since May，more than one death from monkey pox(猴痘) infection has been reported(report)in this area，causing great concern of the local government．
应用文写作之活动介绍
邀请了不止一个专家就他们取得了非凡成绩的领域发表演讲。
More than one/Many an expert was invited to deliver a speech about the field where they have made extraordinary achievements．
◎“more than one＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
◎either，neither，each，every或no＋单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。
◎由and连接的并列主语前面分别有every，each，no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
◎用or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数同最邻近的主语保持一致。
◎More than one student speaks highly of the exploring study，hoping it'll go on．
不止一个学生高度评价研究性学习活动，希望它能继续进行。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Jack shot (shoot) an anxious look at his mother when she bent down in pain．
2．One day，when I opened my book，I found a beautiful card attached(attach) to the first page，giving me best wishes．
3．Actually，all of us desire to achieve (achieve)success，but sometimes our actions don't correspond with what we desire．
4．Music has a magic power to bring relief and satisfaction and even cure people of diseases．
5．He is capable of conducting a conversation for a long time．
6．I doubt the accuracy (accurate) of his statement because it doesn't agree with the fact．
7．The injured (injure) man was rushed to the hospital．After being examined，he was thought to be physically and mentally (mental) well．
8．Only a minority (minor) of young people think they will become chemists (chemist) and do scientific (science) research．
9．The declaration (declare) was not entirely (entire) unexpected．There had been signs in the minister's speech．
10．As a biologist (biology)，he attaches significance (significant) to protecting the species．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．press
A．v．按，压 B．v．逼迫 C．v．挤，推 D．n．新闻界 E．n．印刷机
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There，you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled． A
(2)(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Before the wide use of the printing press，books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right． E
(3)With the pumpkin resting on the table，hole uppermost，I bent over and pressed my head against the opening． C
(4)What makes us annoyed is that they are pressing us to make a quick decision． B
(5)I don't want the public，especially the press to know about this matter at this stage． D
2．conduct
A．v．引导，带领 B．v．指挥(军队、乐队等) C．v．实施，进行 D．v．举止，表现 E．v．传导 F．n．经营方式，管理方式
(1)(2024·北京卷)Finally，I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab． C
(2)The warm-hearted guide conducted us around the West Lake and we enjoyed the breathtaking scenery． A
(3)He was more than honoured to be invited to conduct a concert in America． B
(4)There is no denying that his conduct of the business was very successful． F
(5)There are some materials that conduct heat well． E
(6)Make sure that you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should． D
3．stream
A．n．溪流 B．n．人流
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived． A
(2)We accessed the wall through the South Gate．The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall． B
4．(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots，I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame． C
A．射出，放射 B．射击
C．拍摄
5．(2023·浙江1月卷)I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside，closing the door securely behind me． C
A．东西，物品 B．制作标本
C．塞满，装满
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．正是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念，才使得一些不同寻常的事情最终发生。
It was his brave heart and strong faith that made something unusual happen finally．
2．据我所知，不止一个学生想要毕业后去参军。
As far as I know，more than one student wants to join the army after graduation．
3．如果不是我的粗鲁，你就不会生气。
If it had not been for my rudeness，you would not have burst into anger．
假定你是李华，你校将举办主题为“科技与现代生活”的演讲比赛。请你写一篇文章参赛。
写作微练
①毫无疑问，科技已经取得了巨大进步，它与我们的日常生活息息相关。
No doubt technology has made great advances and it is closely related to our daily life．
②例如，世界各地的化学家和生物学家已经进行了一系列的科学实验，试图找到癌症的治疗方法。
For instance，chemists and biologists all over the world have conducted a series of scientific experiments，trying to find a cure for cancer．
③这个问题解决之后，人类的生活质量将大大提高。(with复合结构)
With this problem solved，the quality of human life will be greatly improved．
④除此之外，中国的天文学家已经建造了世界上最大的天文望远镜，这对探索宇宙的起源有重要意义。
In addition，Chinese astronomers have built the world's largest astronomical telescope，which is of great significance to explore the origin of the universe．
⑤多亏了科技的快速发展，我们的未来会更美好。
Thanks to the rapid development of technology，our future will be better．
句式升级
⑥用“There is no doubt that...”和过去分词短语作后置定语改写句①
There is no doubt that technology closely related to our daily life has made great advances.
妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
Good morning，everyone!
I am greatly honored to deliver a speech here．The details are as follows．
There is no doubt that technology closely related to our daily life has made great advances．For instance，chemists and biologists all over the world have conducted a series of scientific experiments，trying to find a cure for cancer．With this problem solved，the quality of human life will be greatly improved．In addition，Chinese astronomers have built the world's largest astronomical telescope，which is of great significance to explore the origin of the universe．
In short，thanks to the rapid development of technology，our future will be better．Thank you for your attention．
语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 press；shoot；injure；draft；flexible；capable；desire；never say never；extraordinary；brilliant；mental；compass；species；stream；lightning; flash；gravity
美句 More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth．
拓展 语料 词块 gasp in astonishment惊讶得倒吸一口气；a tone of surprise/a surprised tone/voice惊讶的口气/声音；give a cry of surprise吃惊地喊出声来；too surprised/astonished to utter a word/be speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话来；freeze/stand still/stop dead/be numb with shock呆住；shake one's head in disbelief难以置信地摇头；gape at张口结舌地看，目瞪口呆地凝视；one's jaw drops/dropped 张口结舌
句型 1．Despair seized him at the thought of his failure in the exam．(无灵主语句) 一想到考试的失败，他就万念俱灰。 2．Confused and astonished，he gaped at the wall，wide eyed．(形容词短语作状语) 他既困惑又惊讶，目瞪口呆地望着墙壁。 3．After what seemed like a long time，he recovered from shock． 似乎过了很长一段时间，他才从震惊中恢复过来。 4．Everyone gasped in astonishment as the car came around the last bend． 汽车驶过最后一个弯道时，每个人都惊讶地倒吸一口气。
语料运用
①聪明的杰里米渴望去国家地质公园进行他的六年级的实地考察，但不幸的是他病了，失望的泪水顺着他的脸颊流下来。
Brilliant Jeremy desired to go on his 6th grade field trip at the National Geological Park，but unluckily he fell ill，tears of disappointment streaming down his cheeks．
②一想到要错过这次实地考察，他就感到绝望。
Despair seized him at the thought of missing the field trip．(无灵主语句)
③他被迫吃药，然后很快就睡着了。
He was pressed to take medicine and fell asleep soon．
④当他醒来时，他的父亲让他去见赫尔方教授，赫尔方教授允许他参观他的天文台。
When he awoke，his father asked him to meet Professor Helfand，who would allow him to visit his observatory．(定语从句)
⑤看到许多又大又亮的星星，他愣住了，吃惊地叫了一声。
When seeing many big bright stars，he froze there，and then gave a cry of surprise．
⑥当教授邀请他加入他的团队时，他惊讶得一句话也说不出来，只是难以置信地不停地点着头。
When the professor invited him to join his team，he was too astonished to utter a word and he just kept nodding his head in disbelief．
课时数智作业(十五)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·江西景德镇三模)
Sometimes it takes a work of art to give the inspiration for advances in science．For example，Elon Musk's dream of humans living on other planets was first inspired by Isaac Asimov's Foundation book series．Let's explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life．
※Remote control
Frank Herbert's 1965 novel Dune features a small flying robot device that is piloted remotely，one of the earliest appearances of drones (无人机) in science fiction．With the first permit for commercial drone use in the US given in 2006，drones became a reality，and can now be found taking on multiple roles．They provide new angles for photography，help farmers maintain their crops and are used in the military．Jeff Bezos has even supported the use of drones to deliver packages for his company Amazon，unveiling(公开) a delivery drone back in 2019．
※From thin air
Television show Star Trek，first appearing on screens in 1966，inspired science．One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer．In 2019，researcher at the University of California，Berkeley，US，developed a 3D printer that shapes objects using rays (光线) of light．
They have named the printer the “replicator”，the same name as the device in the program to show their inspiration．The device uses light to alter the density (密度) of resin (树脂)，changing the material from a liquid to a solid in order to shape the desired object．
※Starting the heart
One of the first sci-fi novels，Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has had a huge impact on science．Earl Bakken，the inventor of the pacemaker (起搏器)，a device placed into the chest that helps the heart to pump blood using small electrical impulses (脉冲)，was inspired by the 1931 movie adaptation of the book．“What intrigued me the most...was the creative spark of Dr Frankenstein's electricity，” Bakken told the Atlantic．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻作品中预见并启发现实科技发展的三个案例。
1．Why does Jeff Bezos want to use drones？( )
A．To transport packages．
B．To guard military sites．
C．To seed and water crops．
D．To snap breathtaking pictures．
A [细节理解题。根据文章※Remote control部分“Jeff Bezos has even supported the use of drones to deliver packages for his company Amazon，unveiling a delivery drone back in 2019．”可知，杰夫·贝索斯想使用无人机来运送包裹。故选A项。]
2．What do we know about the 3D printer？( )
A．It came into use in 1966．
B．It is used to print anything．
C．It can change the density of a desired object．
D．It has been named after a device in Star Trek．
D [细节理解题。根据文章※From thin air部分“Television show Star Trek，first appearing on screens in 1966，inspired science．One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer．”及“They have named the printer the ‘replicator’，the same name as the device in the program to show their inspiration．”可知，3D打印机是以《星际迷航》中的一个设备命名的。故选D项。]
3．What is the common feature of the technologies mentioned in the article？( )
A．They are all based on electricity．
B．They are all invented by famous CEOs．
C．They are all brought to life from science fiction．
D．They are all used for commercial and medical purposes．
C [细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Let's explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life．”可知，这些技术的共同特征是从科幻小说中得到灵感并被实现。故选C项。]
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·河南开封三模)
Although Sir Isaac Newton did not employ his reflecting telescope to uncover novel astronomical phenomena，he did use it to completely transform how we view the world we live in and the universe as a whole．
Reflecting telescopes use mirrors to bend light and enlarge images，distinguishing them from refractors (折射望远镜) that rely on lenses．Their simplicity in construction and ability to achieve much greater sizes than refractors have led to a transformation in our astronomical knowledge and our comprehension of the universe．
As light passes through glass，various colors or bands are refracted at varying angles，leading to chromatic aberration (色差) and consequently，distorted images when viewed through a lens．In the time of Newton，the technology for producing glass and lenses was still very primitive，and the challenges associated with chromatic aberration had not been adequately addressed．Today we can make lenses that have almost no chromatic aberration but we can't make them very large．As the size of a lens increases significantly，it becomes extremely heavy，causing its own weight to distort the lens and consequently ruin the image quality．
Newton's telescope solved these problems．A mirror doesn't allow light to pass．It simply bounces all the light off the surface．This means there's no chromatic aberration．Plus，because we only need to bounce light off the surface，we can support the entire mirror on a base，reducing its weight．This allows us to build much larger mirrors without any distortion．
While Galileo is credited with the discovery of moons around Jupiter and Halley with predicting the comet's orbit，what Newton did do was tie in mathematics，astronomy and our comprehension of the universe through the use of his telescope and his universal gravitation theory．
The original telescope constructed by Newton is preserved and maintained by the Royal Society of London．It is showcased in London and occasionally embarks on international tours as an element of exhibitions．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了牛顿发明的反射望远镜。
4．What do we know about Newton's reflecting telescope？( )
A．It has a complex structure．
B．It relies on mirrors instead of lenses．
C．It can make the image smaller than a refractor．
D．It helped Newton uncover novel astronomical phenomena．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，牛顿的反射望远镜依靠镜子而不是透镜来工作。故选B项。]
5．What does the underlined word “distorted” mean in paragraph 3？( )
A．Confused． B．Twisted．
C．Evident． D．Vivid．
B [词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文和下文“images when viewed through a lens (通过镜头观看的图像)”可推知，色差会让图像扭曲失真，画线词意思应该是“扭曲的”，与twisted意思相近。故选B。]
6．What problems did Newton's telescope manage to solve？( )
A．Issues with image quality．
B．Restrictions on the size．
C．Challenges of lens making．
D．Limits of light passing angles．
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Today we can...ruin the image quality．”和第四段可知，牛顿的望远镜成功解决了图像因色差以及重量问题而质量不佳的问题。故选A项。]
7．What is the author's purpose of mentioning Galileo and Halley？( )
A．To state a fact．
B．To raise a point．
C．To explain a concept．
D．To make a comparison．
D [推理判断题。根据第五段可知，与伽利略和哈雷相比，牛顿虽然没有发现新的天文学现象，但是却做到了将数学、天文学和人们对宇宙的理解联系在一起。由此推知，作者提到伽利略和哈雷的目的是作比较。故选D项。]
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·山东济南一中模拟)
There're plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables available in local markets．But while those red juicy strawberries look fresh，consumers have no way of knowing how long the fruit can be stored at home．The same goes for distribution centers and supermarkets．
Now，the food technology start-up OneThird，located in the Netherlands，is looking to change that with an infrared (红外线的) scanner that can accurately predict how long fresh fruits and vegetables will last．The start-up is named OneThird because one-third of food is wasted due to spoilage (变质) every year．
The start-up's founders were inspired by a UK company that uses this type of technology in the medical field and decided to see if it was applicable for food．“I looked at the challenges in the food-supply chain and found out that 40 percent of food waste is fresh produce．One of the biggest causes of waste is that nobody knows shelf life，” founder and CEO of OneThird，Marco Snikkers said．
Quality inspections at farms and distribution centers are done manually (手动地)．An inspector checks the fruits and vegetables and makes notes about the size and quality．Then the food is sent to consumers without considering travel time or how long the produce will remain usable．
Using the infrared scanner at the distribution center means that inspectors can use the information to approve shipments that will ensure the produce can be distributed on a timely basis．This means that a shipment of ripe tomatoes will not be sent long distances away．
OneThird's scanner combines the technology of optical scanners，image modeling，and Artificial Intelligence to provide accurate shelf-life predictions．
The start-up found that the technology can reduce up to 25 percent produce waste that was caused by spoilage．“Global food waste has an enormous environmental impact，reducing global food waste cuts global greenhouse gas emissions and promotes global food security，” said Jacob Smith，a climate expert from the University of Maine．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食品科技初创公司OneThird通过红外扫描仪准确预测新鲜水果和蔬菜的保质期。
8．What problem does OneThird aim to solve？( )
A．The high cost of storing fresh fruits and vegetables．
B．Inefficient quality inspections at distribution centers．
C．Food waste caused by uncertainty about its shelf life．
D．Consumers' difficulty judging the freshness of produce．
C [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，OneThird公司旨在解决由于不确定食物的保质期而造成的食物浪费。故选C。]
9．What inspired OneThird to come up with the idea of using infrared scanner？( )
A．The use of the device in another field．
B．Observation of the food-supply chain．
C．Consumer demands for fresher produce．
D．Experts' advice on food waste reduction．
A [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，设备在医药领域的使用激发了OneThird公司使用红外扫描仪的想法。故选A。]
10．What can we learn about the manual quality inspections？( )
A．They are time-consuming and costly．
B．They are not performed at a regular time．
C．The inspectors tend to make wrong judgement．
D．The shipping time is not taken into consideration．
D [细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，人工质量检验中，运输时间没有考虑在内。故选D。]
11．What's Jacob's attitude to OneThird's effort？( )
A．Approving． B．Doubtful．
C．Tolerant． D．Dismissive．
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段Jacob Smith所说的话可知，雅各布对OneThird公司的努力持支持态度。故选A。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2025·河北邯郸模拟)
Dr．Franeis Collins is one of America's leading scientists．In an interview，Dr．Collins was asked if there was any special spark (火花) or any moment in particular that 1 him to pursue a life of science．Dr．Collins 2 that in fact there was．He said that when he was in high school，on the first day of his first science course，the teacher handed each student a box 3 ．The boxes were sealed (封住) on the outside and hollow (空的) on the inside．But each box 4 something．And as young Collins turned the box on its side and turned it around，he could 5 something rolling around inside．
What was it？The teacher told the students that their 6 was to determine what was inside the box．They could 7 any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box．But they couldn't 8 the box．They had to find ways to 9 what was in the box．
“That's what 10 is，” the teacher carefully 11 ，“being curious，and thinking of questions to ask，until you find out the answer．” Dr．Collins was 12 ．He said that that day in class completely 13 his life．From then on，he was 14 to spending a life in science，where his job was to be 15 and ask lots of questions．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了柯林斯博士上高中时的一堂科学课彻底改变了他的人生轨迹。
( )1．A．forced B．inspired
C．ordered D．requested
B [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“any special spark or any moment in particular”以及下文的高中生活可知，柯林斯博士被问及是否有任何特别的火花或任何特别的时刻激励他走上科学研究之路。故选B项。]
( )2．A．doubted B．recognized
C．imagined D．replied
D [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“In an interview，Dr．Collins was asked if”可知，此处指柯林斯博士回答说，事实上是有的。]
( )3．A．carefully B．hurriedly
C．secretly D．impatiently
C [考查副词词义辨析。根据语境和下文“The boxes were sealed on the outside and hollow on the inside．”可知，此处指老师神秘地递给每个学生一个盒子。故选C项。]
( )4．A．represented B．meant
C．contained D．told
C [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“And as young Collins turned the box on its side and turned it around，he could _______ something rolling around inside．”可知，每个盒子里都装着东西。]
( )5．A．see B．hear
C．fancy D．monitor
B [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“The boxes were sealed”可知，此处指他能听到里面有东西在滚动。]
( )6．A．campaign B．desire
C．ambition D．assignment
D [考查名词词义辨析。根据语境和下文“to determine what was inside the box”可知，此处指学生们的任务是确定盒子里是什么。]
( )7．A．avoid B．design
C．pass D．mark
B [考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们可以设计任何一种测试或问任何一种问题来找出盒子里的东西。因为要弄清楚盒子里面到底是什么，所以要设计任何一种测试来弄明白。]
( )8．A．open B．roll
C．throw D．hit
A [考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是他们不能打开盒子。根据But可知，盒子不能打开。]
( )9．A．pick up B．draw on
C．figure out D．stick to
C [考查动词短语词义辨析。根据上文“They could __________ any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box．”可知，他们必须想办法弄清楚盒子里是什么。故选C项。]
( )10．A．experiment B．science
C．education D．study
B [考查名词词义辨析。根据语境和上文“his first science course”可知，老师在解释科学。故选B项。]
( )11．A．answered B．apologized
C．argued D．explained
D [考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就是科学，”老师认真地解释道，“保持好奇，思考要问的问题，直到你找到答案”。根据语境可知，此处指老师在认真解释科学。故选D项。]
( )12．A．attracted B．confused
C．frightened D．disappointed
A [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“He said that that day in class completely __________ his life．”可知，柯林斯博士被吸引住了。故选A项。]
( )13．A．controlled B．improved
C．saved D．changed
D [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“From then on，he was __________ to spending a life in science”可知，那一天彻底改变了他的生活。故选D项。]
( )14．A．opposed B．exposed
C．committed D．used
C [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“spending a life in science”可知，从那时起，他就致力于科学研究。故选C项。]
( )15．A．curious B．smart
C．generous D．optimistic
A [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“being curious”可知，此处指他的工作就是保持好奇心。故选A项。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·辽宁锦州一模)
假定你是李华，你校英语协会正在筹备中外学生篮球联谊赛，现需要一名精通双语且具有一定篮球知识的裁判。请你给负责人写一封邮件申请做裁判，内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．个人优势；
3．能做的事。
注意：1．词数80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：篮球联谊赛 basketball friendship match; 双语裁判员 bilingual referee
Dear Sir or Madam，
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Sir or Madam，
Hearing that you are looking for a bilingual referee of this basketball friendship match，I am writing to apply for the position．I think I am qualified for this position for the following reasons．
Firstly，I have been a volunteer in our school sports meetings and am very familiar with volunteer work．Besides，I am proficient in English and Chinese and have mastered a lot of English expressions about basketball．Lastly，I can solve the conflicts between the two sides well．I will ensure that the match is fair．
I am looking forward to hearing from you soon．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
1 / 25课时数智作业(十五)
必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·江西景德镇三模)
Sometimes it takes a work of art to give the inspiration for advances in science．For example，Elon Musk's dream of humans living on other planets was first inspired by Isaac Asimov's Foundation book series．Let's explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life．
※Remote control
Frank Herbert's 1965 novel Dune features a small flying robot device that is piloted remotely，one of the earliest appearances of drones (无人机) in science fiction．With the first permit for commercial drone use in the US given in 2006，drones became a reality，and can now be found taking on multiple roles．They provide new angles for photography，help farmers maintain their crops and are used in the military．Jeff Bezos has even supported the use of drones to deliver packages for his company Amazon，unveiling(公开) a delivery drone back in 2019．
※From thin air
Television show Star Trek，first appearing on screens in 1966，inspired science．One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer．In 2019，researcher at the University of California，Berkeley，US，developed a 3D printer that shapes objects using rays (光线) of light．
They have named the printer the “replicator”，the same name as the device in the program to show their inspiration．The device uses light to alter the density (密度) of resin (树脂)，changing the material from a liquid to a solid in order to shape the desired object．
※Starting the heart
One of the first sci-fi novels，Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has had a huge impact on science．Earl Bakken，the inventor of the pacemaker (起搏器)，a device placed into the chest that helps the heart to pump blood using small electrical impulses (脉冲)，was inspired by the 1931 movie adaptation of the book．“What intrigued me the most...was the creative spark of Dr Frankenstein's electricity，” Bakken told the Atlantic．
1．Why does Jeff Bezos want to use drones？( )
A．To transport packages．
B．To guard military sites．
C．To seed and water crops．
D．To snap breathtaking pictures．
2．What do we know about the 3D printer？( )
A．It came into use in 1966．
B．It is used to print anything．
C．It can change the density of a desired object．
D．It has been named after a device in Star Trek．
3．What is the common feature of the technologies mentioned in the article？( )
A．They are all based on electricity．
B．They are all invented by famous CEOs．
C．They are all brought to life from science fiction．
D．They are all used for commercial and medical purposes．
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·河南开封三模)
Although Sir Isaac Newton did not employ his reflecting telescope to uncover novel astronomical phenomena，he did use it to completely transform how we view the world we live in and the universe as a whole．
Reflecting telescopes use mirrors to bend light and enlarge images，distinguishing them from refractors (折射望远镜) that rely on lenses．Their simplicity in construction and ability to achieve much greater sizes than refractors have led to a transformation in our astronomical knowledge and our comprehension of the universe．
As light passes through glass，various colors or bands are refracted at varying angles，leading to chromatic aberration (色差) and consequently，distorted images when viewed through a lens．In the time of Newton，the technology for producing glass and lenses was still very primitive，and the challenges associated with chromatic aberration had not been adequately addressed．Today we can make lenses that have almost no chromatic aberration but we can't make them very large．As the size of a lens increases significantly，it becomes extremely heavy，causing its own weight to distort the lens and consequently ruin the image quality．
Newton's telescope solved these problems．A mirror doesn't allow light to pass．It simply bounces all the light off the surface．This means there's no chromatic aberration．Plus，because we only need to bounce light off the surface，we can support the entire mirror on a base，reducing its weight．This allows us to build much larger mirrors without any distortion．
While Galileo is credited with the discovery of moons around Jupiter and Halley with predicting the comet's orbit，what Newton did do was tie in mathematics，astronomy and our comprehension of the universe through the use of his telescope and his universal gravitation theory．
The original telescope constructed by Newton is preserved and maintained by the Royal Society of London．It is showcased in London and occasionally embarks on international tours as an element of exhibitions．
4．What do we know about Newton's reflecting telescope？( )
A．It has a complex structure．
B．It relies on mirrors instead of lenses．
C．It can make the image smaller than a refractor．
D．It helped Newton uncover novel astronomical phenomena．
5．What does the underlined word “distorted” mean in paragraph 3？( )
A．Confused． B．Twisted．
C．Evident． D．Vivid．
6．What problems did Newton's telescope manage to solve？( )
A．Issues with image quality．
B．Restrictions on the size．
C．Challenges of lens making．
D．Limits of light passing angles．
7．What is the author's purpose of mentioning Galileo and Halley？( )
A．To state a fact．
B．To raise a point．
C．To explain a concept．
D．To make a comparison．
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·山东济南一中模拟)
There're plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables available in local markets．But while those red juicy strawberries look fresh，consumers have no way of knowing how long the fruit can be stored at home．The same goes for distribution centers and supermarkets．
Now，the food technology start-up OneThird，located in the Netherlands，is looking to change that with an infrared (红外线的) scanner that can accurately predict how long fresh fruits and vegetables will last．The start-up is named OneThird because one-third of food is wasted due to spoilage (变质) every year．
The start-up's founders were inspired by a UK company that uses this type of technology in the medical field and decided to see if it was applicable for food．“I looked at the challenges in the food-supply chain and found out that 40 percent of food waste is fresh produce．One of the biggest causes of waste is that nobody knows shelf life，” founder and CEO of OneThird，Marco Snikkers said．
Quality inspections at farms and distribution centers are done manually (手动地)．An inspector checks the fruits and vegetables and makes notes about the size and quality．Then the food is sent to consumers without considering travel time or how long the produce will remain usable．
Using the infrared scanner at the distribution center means that inspectors can use the information to approve shipments that will ensure the produce can be distributed on a timely basis．This means that a shipment of ripe tomatoes will not be sent long distances away．
OneThird's scanner combines the technology of optical scanners，image modeling，and Artificial Intelligence to provide accurate shelf-life predictions．
The start-up found that the technology can reduce up to 25 percent produce waste that was caused by spoilage．“Global food waste has an enormous environmental impact，reducing global food waste cuts global greenhouse gas emissions and promotes global food security，” said Jacob Smith，a climate expert from the University of Maine．
8．What problem does OneThird aim to solve？( )
A．The high cost of storing fresh fruits and vegetables．
B．Inefficient quality inspections at distribution centers．
C．Food waste caused by uncertainty about its shelf life．
D．Consumers' difficulty judging the freshness of produce．
9．What inspired OneThird to come up with the idea of using infrared scanner？( )
A．The use of the device in another field．
B．Observation of the food-supply chain．
C．Consumer demands for fresher produce．
D．Experts' advice on food waste reduction．
10．What can we learn about the manual quality inspections？( )
A．They are time-consuming and costly．
B．They are not performed at a regular time．
C．The inspectors tend to make wrong judgement．
D．The shipping time is not taken into consideration．
11．What's Jacob's attitude to OneThird's effort？( )
A．Approving． B．Doubtful．
C．Tolerant． D．Dismissive．
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2025·河北邯郸模拟)
Dr．Franeis Collins is one of America's leading scientists．In an interview，Dr．Collins was asked if there was any special spark (火花) or any moment in particular that 1 him to pursue a life of science．Dr．Collins 2 that in fact there was．He said that when he was in high school，on the first day of his first science course，the teacher handed each student a box 3 ．The boxes were sealed (封住) on the outside and hollow (空的) on the inside．But each box 4 something．And as young Collins turned the box on its side and turned it around，he could 5 something rolling around inside．
What was it？The teacher told the students that their 6 was to determine what was inside the box．They could 7 any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box．But they couldn't 8 the box．They had to find ways to 9 what was in the box．
“That's what 10 is，” the teacher carefully 11 ，“being curious，and thinking of questions to ask，until you find out the answer．” Dr．Collins was 12 ．He said that that day in class completely 13 his life．From then on，he was 14 to spending a life in science，where his job was to be 15 and ask lots of questions．
( )1．A．forced B．inspired
C．ordered D．requested
( )2．A．doubted B．recognized
C．imagined D．replied
( )3．A．carefully B．hurriedly
C．secretly D．impatiently
( )4．A．represented B．meant
C．contained D．told
( )5．A．see B．hear
C．fancy D．monitor
( )6．A．campaign B．desire
C．ambition D．assignment
( )7．A．avoid B．design
C．pass D．mark
( )8．A．open B．roll
C．throw D．hit
( )9．A．pick up B．draw on
C．figure out D．stick to
( )10．A．experiment B．science
C．education D．study
( )11．A．answered B．apologized
C．argued D．explained
( )12．A．attracted B．confused
C．frightened D．disappointed
( )13．A．controlled B．improved
C．saved D．changed
( )14．A．opposed B．exposed
C．committed D．used
( )15．A．curious B．smart
C．generous D．optimistic
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·辽宁锦州一模)
假定你是李华，你校英语协会正在筹备中外学生篮球联谊赛，现需要一名精通双语且具有一定篮球知识的裁判。请你给负责人写一封邮件申请做裁判，内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．个人优势；
3．能做的事。
注意：1．词数80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：篮球联谊赛 basketball friendship match; 双语裁判员 bilingual referee
Dear Sir or Madam，
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
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