核心 词汇 1．debt n．债务，欠款 2．pace n．速度；进度 3．dread v．畏惧，惧怕 4．rarely adv．很少，难得 5．overnight adv．突然，一下子 6．nevertheless adv．然而，不过 7．classic n．名著；经典作品 8．endurance n．(忍)耐力 9．guarantee v．保证；确保 10．outcome n．结果，后果 11．worthwhile adj．重要的；值得做的 12．blanket n．毯子，毛毯 13．contest n．比赛，竞赛 14．upset adj．心烦意乱的，烦恼的 15．blessing n．幸事，幸运 16．worthy adj．值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的 17．dawn n．黎明，破晓 18．permanent adj．长久的；永久的 19．perfume n．香味
阅读 词汇 1．manuscript n．手稿，底稿 2．best-seller n．畅销书；畅销产品 3．beaver n．河狸，海狸 4．cucumber n．黄瓜 5．companionship n．友谊；友好交往 6．fingertip n．指尖 7．outline n．外形，轮廓 8．intoxicate v．使兴奋，使陶醉 9．probe v．调查；探究 10．revelation n．展现，显示 11．workaday adj．平凡的；平淡的 12．amid prep．在……之中 13．mighty adj．强有力的；雄伟的 14．orchestra n．(大型的)管弦乐队 15．tactile adj．触觉的
拓展 词汇 1．inform v．通知，告知→information n．信息 2．rejection n．拒绝，否决→reject v．拒绝，否决 3．persevere v．锲而不舍，坚持不懈→perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 4．criticism n．批评；指责→criticise/criticize v．批评→critic n．批评家→critical adj．批评的；关键的 5．delighted adj．愉快的，高兴的→delight n．使人高兴的事；高兴 vt．使高兴→delightful adj．令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 6．enthusiastic adj．热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n．热情，热心→enthusiastically adv．热心地，满腔热情地 7．elect v．选举，推选→election n．选举 8．appreciative adj．感激的→appreciate v．感激；欣赏→appreciation n．感激；欣赏 9．mere adj．仅仅，只不过→merely adv．只是，仅仅，只不过 10．gentleness n．和蔼，温和→gentle adj．和蔼友善的，温和的，温柔的
高频 短语 1．worthy of 值得……的 2．regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(还未做) 3．give up 放弃；停止 4．have...in common with... 与……有共同之处 5．survive on... 靠……为生 6．turn down 拒绝 7．a total of 总共 8．play a part 扮演角色；起作用 9．appreciative of... 感激…… 10．probe into 探究，探索 11．go about 着手做；四处走动；传开
句型 公式 1．When he might have won had he stuck it out...(省略if的虚拟条件句) 如果他不放弃，胜利就在眼前…… 2．“I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down，but I often feared that would happen，”she later posted．(not...until) “我不会放弃的，除非所有的出版商都拒绝我。不过我常常担心这真的会发生。”她后来说。 3...．Harry Potter became a global success，with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages．(with复合结构) ……《哈利·波特》后来在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。 4．Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) 坚持下去，你终会收到这样的回复：“我们很高兴地通知您……” 5．Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen．(“only＋状语从句”位于句首的倒装) 只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。
Everyone has 1．a dream to realize．When you take part in a contest but you 2．are informed(inform) that you fail it，you are upset．When you apply for a job but 3．what you receive is always rejection，you are not 4．delighted(delight)．When you are enthusiastic 5．about doing what you think is right but you hear a lot of 6．criticisms(criticise)，you may be embarrassed and annoyed．Nevertheless，7．whatever the outcome is，you should persevere．Stop 8．feeling(feel) upset．After all，people 9．rarely(rare) make it overnight．I guarantee that if it is worthwhile to be appreciative and develop your endurance，you are certain 10．to succeed(success)．
1．inform v．通知，告知
①The news column of Youth can keep me informed(inform) of what is happening around the world．
②Please inform us of/about any change of your address in case we lose touch with you．
③He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background．
④We should share useful information(inform) with others，so that they can also benefit from it and make better choices in their lives．
应用文写作之告知信
得知你将要去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。
Learning that you will go abroad for further study，I'm writing to inform you of/about some necessary do's and don'ts．
◎inform sb．of/about sth．告诉/通知某人某事
inform sb．that...通知某人……
keep sb．informed of/about...使某人知道……
◎informed adj．明智的；有学问的
◎information n．资料；信息
◎I am used to reading China Daily every morning，as it can keep me informed of the current events both at home and abroad．
我习惯每天早上阅读《中国日报》，因为它可以让我即时了解国内外的时事。
2．guarantee v．保证；确保n．保证(书)，保修单
①As for preparation，reading some Chinese novels in advance will guarantee to make(make) you adapt to the Chinese language environment．
②The car is still under guarantee，so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge．
③Communities，coupled with hospitals，offer door-to-door service such as physical examination to the elderly，thus guaranteeing (guarantee) their health condition．
④Not every stranger you meet is guaranteed to turn(turn) into a real friend．
应用文写作之道歉信
对不起，我迟到了，但我保证这样的事情不会再发生了。
Sorry，I'm late but I guarantee that such things won't happen again．
◎guarantee sb．sth．＝guarantee sth．to sb．向某人保证某事
guarantee to do sth．保证做某事
be guaranteed to do sth．肯定会/必定会做某事
◎under guarantee 在保修期内
give (sb．) a guarantee that...(向某人)担保/保证……
(2024·全国甲卷)If I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy，I'd pick up a love romance．
如果我想读到一个保证是幸福的结局，我就会选择一本爱情浪漫小说。
3．delight n．使人高兴的事；高兴v．使高兴
①He also saw hundreds of delighted(delight) students who had turned out to welcome him．
②I would be delighted to have(have) the opportunity to discuss my application further with you．
③She won the game easily，to the delight of all her fans．
④He took an almost gleeful delight in showing(show)how wrong they could be．
⑤Andrew roared with/in delight when he saw his father waiting for him at the school gate．
一句多译
让我高兴的是，我被邀请到贵校来做演讲。
①What delights me is that I have been invited to your school to deliver a speech．(主语从句；delight v．)
②To my delight，I have been invited to your school to deliver a speech．(delight n．)
◎to one's delight＝to the delight of sb．使某人高兴的是
take (a) delight in (doing)...以(做)……为乐
with/in delight 高兴地
◎delighted adj．愉快的，高兴的
be delighted to do sth．乐意做某事
be delighted at/by/with...对……感到高兴
◎delightful adj．令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的
◎So delighted was she that she hugged the twins tightly，tears of joy welling up in her eyes．
她太高兴了，紧紧地抱着这对双胞胎，喜悦的泪水夺眶而出。
4．worthwhile adj．重要的；值得做的
①The reference book is worth buying (buy)，because it is a great help for your study．
②It is worthwhile considering/to consider (consider) the suggestion he came up with．
一句多译
在我看来，这个音乐节的开幕式很值得观看。
①Personally speaking，the opening ceremony of the music festival is well worth watching．(worth)
②As far as I'm concerned，the opening ceremony of the music festival is well worthy to be watched/of being watched．
(worthy)
③From my point of view，it is well worthwhile watching/to watch the opening ceremony of the music festival．(worthwhile)
◎It is worthwhile doing/to do sth．做某事是值得的。
◎worth adj．值得的，有价值的
be worth doing sth．值得做某事
be worth＋n．值得……，值……的
◎worthy adj．值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的
be worthy of sth．/being done/to be done 值得……/值得做……
◎Taking up a new hobby like painting can be a very worthwhile pursuit．
培养一个像绘画这样的新爱好会是一个非常有价值的追求。
5．go about 着手做；四处走动；传开
用含go的短语填空
①Remember to go over your essay for grammar and spelling mistakes before you hand it in to me．
②It's terribly smoky in here—I'm just going out for a breath of fresh air．
③He should go in for accounting because he has a good head for figures．
应用文写作之回复信
我正在通过多做运动和更健康的饮食来着手改善我的健康。
I'm going about improving my health by exercising more and eating more healthily．
◎go ahead 先走；发生；进行；开始做，着手干
go out 出去；熄灭
go over 仔细检查(或审查、查阅)
◎go in for 爱好；参加(考试或竞赛)
go through 经历(苦难等)；穿过；浏览
◎He's amazingly cheerful considering all he's had to go through．
经历了种种磨难，他还那么乐观，令人惊叹。
6．[教材原句]Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen．(“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首的倒装句式)
只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。
①Only by working hard can you realize your dream of becoming a scientist．
②Only when he came here did he know what had happened．
读后续写之主旨升华
直到那时，她才意识到微笑的真正含义：带给别人温暖和陪伴。
Only then did she realize the true meaning of smiles: bringing others warmth and company．
◎条件：only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装；
◎结构：only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语＋其他。
①“only＋状语从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。②only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．What I am worried about is whether they can succeed in winning the election(elect)．
2．We are absolutely delighted (delight) that you can come．
3．They have guaranteed to take(take) good care of the composers here．
4．It is worthwhile to compare/comparing(compare) the two essential designs．
5．To be honest，my brain can't hold so much information(inform) at one time．
6．Anger is rarely(rare) looked upon as a beneficial character trait，and we are usually advised to reduce it．
7．We are aware of more and more accidents taking place around us，so we all should raise our awareness (aware) of personal safety．
8．We regret to inform(inform) you of the cruel news that your application (apply)has not been successful．
9．It is natural that you should feel embarrassed when an embarrassing thing happens．(embarrass)
10．Great perseverance is needed in persevering in teaching and staying with her pupils in this remote mountain area．(persevere)
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．upset
A．adj．心烦意乱的，烦恼的 B．v．弄翻，打翻
C．v．打乱 D．v．使生气，使烦恼
(1)He stood up suddenly，upsetting the soup． B
(2)The sudden change of the weather upset our plan to go to the amusement park． C
(3)(2022·全国乙卷)However，some high sugar brands，like Classic Coca Cola，have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers． D
(4)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage，thinking it is food． A
2．reject
A．v．拒绝接受；不予考虑 B．v．不出版；(因质量差)不用 C．v．不够关心；慢待 D．v．排斥
(1)It was feared that his body was rejecting a kidney he received in a transplant four years ago． D
(2)When her parents left home she felt rejected and helpless． C
(3)Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control． B
(4)Though the first suggestion was rejected by his boss，Tom still worked hard and came up with a better one finally． A
3．(2022·全国乙卷)They moved in with a local family，the Harrisons，and，like them，had little privacy，rare baths，and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning． B
A．毯子，毛毯 B．厚的覆盖层
C．弥漫，充斥
4．In around 80 A．D．，the Romans built the Colosseum，which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design． A
A．对……有影响 B．通知；告知
C．了解
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．微风轻拂，树叶在空中翩翩起舞。
With the wind blowing gently，the leaves danced in the air．
2．提前做好准备，你将会避免很多不必要的麻烦。
Be prepared in advance，and you will avoid many unnecessary troubles．
3．We can truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology only by being smart online learners．
→Only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology.(部分倒装)
电影《哈利·波特与魔法石》是根据英国作家J．K．Rowling的小说改编而成的。请你写一篇英语短文向校报英语专栏投稿，简要介绍一下作家J．K．Rowling。
写作微练
①在遭到拒绝和批评时，罗琳感到烦恼和尴尬。
While she received rejections and criticism，Rowling was upset and embarrassed．
②她没有放弃，而是坚持不懈。
She didn't give up but persevered.
③她的忍耐力和毅力确保了她的成功。
Her endurance and perseverance guaranteed her success．
④她认为成功是一种幸事。
She regarded it a blessing to succeed．
⑤她开始感激无数次的拒绝，认为这是值得的。
She became appreciative of the countless rejections，which she thought worthwhile．
⑥她保持热情和自信，从不害怕失败，就好像她没有被拒绝过一样。
She remained enthusiastic and confident and never dreaded failure as if she hadn't been rejected．
句式升级
⑦用状语从句的省略改写句①
While receiving rejections and criticism，Rowling was upset and embarrassed.
⑧用强调句型改写句③
It was her endurance and perseverance that guaranteed her success.
妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
While receiving rejections and criticism，Rowling was upset and embarrassed．Nevertheless，she didn't give up but persevered．It was her endurance and perseverance that guaranteed her success．She regarded it a blessing to succeed．She became appreciative of the countless rejections，which she thought worthwhile．She remained enthusiastic and confident and never dreaded failure as if she hadn't been rejected．
语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 persevere；elect；probe；descend；debt；dread；delighted；delight；delightful；enthusiastic；upset；appreciative；gentleness；intoxicate；embarrassed；criticism；endurance；fingertip；haunt
美句 1．While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part，perseverance is the key．Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...” 2．“We regret to inform you...” These are the words that every writer dreads receiving，but words every writer knows well．The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it，their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence．
拓展 语料 词块 keep an eye on注视；look sb．straight in the eye直视某人的眼睛；narrow one's eyes 眯起眼睛；turn one's eyes to...眼神转向……；shut one's eyes 闭上眼睛；squeeze one's eyes shut 紧闭眼睛；eye sb．up and down上下打量某人；one's eyes fall on sb．目光落在某人身上
句型 1．With his eyes narrowed，he wondered what had happened．(with复合结构) 他眯起眼睛，想知道发生了什么事。 2．Noticing me come in，my father eyed me up and down，confused．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 注意到我进来，父亲上下打量着我，迷惑不解。 3．Though my eyes were filled with tears，I still kept an eye on my teacher's expression． 虽然我的眼睛里充满了泪水，但我仍然注视着老师的表情。 4．When learning the truth，I squeezed my eyes shut and bit my lip，with tears running down my cheeks． 得知真相后，我紧紧地闭着眼睛，咬着嘴唇，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。
语料运用
①大卫坐在地上，紧闭着眼睛，咬着嘴唇，泪水顺着他的脸颊流了下来。
David sat on the ground，squeezed his eyes shut and bit his lip，with tears running down his cheeks．(动作链描写)
②他害怕被其他孩子嘲笑和受到批评，尽管他对越野跑很感兴趣。
He dreaded being laughed at by other kids and receiving criticism although he was enthusiastic about the cross-country run．
③恐惧萦绕着他，他觉得自己如临深渊。
Fear haunted him and he felt like standing upon the edge of abyss．
④我注视着他，但他又难过又尴尬，把目光转向了另一个方向，避免直视我的眼睛。
I kept an eye on him，but he turned his eyes to another direction，upset and embarrassed，avoiding looking me straight in the eye．
(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
⑤我温和地说：“坚持下去，你就会收获掌声。”
I remarked with gentleness，“Keep trying and you will be rewarded with applause．” (祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
⑥最后，他的目光落在我身上，眼里闪着喜悦和希望的光芒。
Finally his eyes fell on me and his eyes sparkled with delight and hope．
⑦他感激地说：“我渐渐明白了，只有忍耐力和决心，我才能实现我的目标。”
He said appreciatively/in an appreciative tone，“It gradually dawns on me that only with endurance and determination can I achieve my goal．”(倒装句)
课时数智作业(二十)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2024·江西鹰潭二模)
I was born missing my left arm．And while there really wasn't anything I couldn't do，it felt like an obvious disadvantage in a world desiring perfection．In 1986，at 18 months，I was fitted with a prosthetic (假肢的) device，a decision made by my parents so that I would mix in and develop “normally”．
I spent my entire childhood trying to fit in．I did just about anything to ease the special pain of the stares and hurtful jokes from my classmates．I wore long sleeves and did whatever I needed to do to become invisible．By the time I was 8 years old，I had no self-confidence，and the hand I was wearing was making it harder and harder for me to fit in．So I decided I was better off without one．I didn't need anyone to fix me，because I wasn't broken．
One of the most obvious ways for me to prove that I wasn't going to be limited by my disability was through movement．I developed a love for sports，in particular swimming．I felt free and excited when I powered through the water．I was selected to join my first Australian swimming team at age 13，and I successfully represented my country for eight years．I realized I'd made a name for myself because of my disability—not in spite of it．
I taught myself how to be comfortable in a society filled with insecurities．So when I was first contacted in 2021 by Simon Pollard，whose company Covvi was on a mission to create the world's most advanced bionic (仿生学的) hand，I was a bit surprised．He asked me to try the hand and，if I was comfortable with the idea，to become a patient advocate．Through sharing my journey，I'm able to reach thousands of other people who would benefit from its extraordinary capabilities．That's why I wear a bionic hand—not because I'm broken，but because I have an opportunity to enhance the human capabilities that already exist．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小身患残疾，失去左臂，但是作者并不气馁，参加运动证明自己并不受到残疾的限制并帮助他人的故事。
1．What was the author's early childhood probably like？( )
A．He struggled to do well in study．
B．He did well with the prosthetic hand．
C．He suffered a lot from unkind treatment．
D．He received acceptance among his classmates．
C [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，作者的早期童年遭受了很多不友善的对待。故选C。]
2．Why did the author start swimming？( )
A．To make him known．
B．To join his classmates for fun．
C．To satisfy his parents' expectations．
D．To boost confidence and gain happiness．
D [细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，作者开始游泳是为了增强信心，获得快乐。]
3．What does the author possibly think about his role as a patient advocate？( )
A．Encouraging． B．Surprising．
C．Successful． D．Stressful．
A [观点态度题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，作者认为自己作为病人倡导者的角色是鼓舞人心的。故选A。]
4．What can we learn from the author's story？( )
A．Embrace change and adaptability．
B．Communication and teamwork lead to success．
C．Experience comes from having unstoppable trials．
D．Turn your uniqueness into your greatest strength．
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段“So when I was first contacted...because I have an opportunity to enhance the human capabilities that already exist．”再结合文章主要内容可知，作者的故事告诉我们：把你的独特性变成你最大的优势。故选D。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2024·河北邯郸二模)
What motivates you to work or study harder Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve，or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you 1 But is one better than the other
A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students．It found that if a test is seen as important，and students are optimistic that they can succeed，then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners． 2 In that case，it will in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise．The study also found that if students are indifferent and don't care about the test in the first place，then，unsurprisingly，the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them．
Entrepreneurs often run the risk of failure．It's a fact that many new companies will fail．But does this motivate or hold back business people 3 The personal consequences of failure can be significant，and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them．A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving，as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues． 4 However，the study also showed that it can lead to increased delay of work，as people focus too much on what they personally fear，rather than what would be best，for the business．If someone is less confident about their business ideas，then they may find their decision-making negatively affected by their fears．
5 Fear can drive confident people to do better，but it can also expand our doubts and turn them into barriers．
A．Again，it's not straightforward．
B．The answer，undoubtedly，is “yes”．
C．Taken together，fear-based motivation is complicated．
D．Generally speaking，good outcomes can be expected by teachers．
E．They may also be inspired to innovate and activate their business．
F．However，if students lack confidence，fear-based approaches could cause anxiety．
G．Leaders，managers and teachers often use one of these ideas to inspire people to achieve more．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了两种取得更多成就的心态，一种是对成功的憧憬，一种是对失败的恐惧。
1．G [上文提到了两种激励人们的方法，推测本句是在说明这些方法的应用。故选G。]
2．F [根据后文“In that case，it will in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise．”可知，本句是在说明会导致考试表现更差的情况。故选F。]
3．A [根据上文以及后文“The personal consequences of failure can be significant...as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues．”可知，本句主要回答上文失败是激励还是阻碍了商人的问题，且A选项中it对应上文的this。故选A。]
4．E [根据上文“A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving，as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues．”可知，失败可以激励人们去预测和解决潜在的问题。E项内容承接上文，继续说明对失败的恐惧所带来的好处。故选E。]
5．C [根据本段后文可知，后文提到恐惧可以驱使自信的人做得更好，但也可以扩大我们的疑虑，把它们变成障碍，说明恐惧带来的动力具有两面性、复杂性。故选C。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2024·湖南邵阳二模)
A Warring States Period Qin tripod-shaped bronze lamp 1．__________ (unearth) in 1974 in Pingliang，Gansu Province，2．__________important part of the Silk Road．The lamp is now on display in the Gansu Provincial Museum because of its unique scientific and 3．__________(history) value．
The lamp has a diameter of 11.3 cm and a height of 16.7 cm when 4．__________(close)．It is in the shape of a tripod with three legs at the bottom，two duck-head-like ears 5．__________(face) each other on either side of the cap，keys on the tops of the ears，and an iron pillar in the middle．
6．__________(open) the lamp，first turn the cap so 7．__________ the two duck heads on the top cover face away from the double keys，then close the tops of the double keys，and 8．__________(use) a “herringbone” shaped bracket to support the round tripod cover．The lamp panel will become a copper fuel lamp with a height of 30.2 cm．
When not 9．__________ use，press down the double keys，rotate the double duck head between the lids to lock them tightly，and close the tripod lid．Due to the exquisite design and craftsmanship once closed，the seal is tight and the lamp oil stored in the tripod body will not leak out．It is rare that there is still muddy lamp oil in the tripod of a bronze lamp that is more than 2，000 years old．
This 10．__________(seem) simple lamp not only has practical value，but also provides clues for historians to study the Silk Road．With digitization empowering museums，visitors can now interact with this treasure through an electronic touch screen．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了战国时期秦三脚架形青铜灯的构造、工作原理和它的历史与文化价值：它体现了古代中国人民的智慧。
1．was unearthed [考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。unearth是及物动词，和lamp之间是被动关系，再由时间状语“in 1974”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数形式，故填was unearthed。]
2．an [考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，“__________important part of the Silk Road”作同位语，part为可数名词，important的发音以元音音素开头，因此使用不定冠词an，故填an。]
3．historic [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰名词value，应用形容词作定语，故填historic。]
4．closed [考查状语从句的省略。when引导时间状语从句，其完整结构是“when it is closed”，该句省略了“it is”，it指“the lamp”，它和close之间是被动关系，用过去分词，故填closed。]
5．facing [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，ears与face在逻辑上为主动关系，应用动词-ing形式作后置定语，故填facing。]
6．To open [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用不定式作目的状语，且位于句首，故填To open。]
7．that [考查连词。so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”，符合题意，故填that。]
8．use [考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，设空处所在部分为“祈使句”，应用动词原形开头，故填use。]
9．in [考查固定短语。in use“在使用中”，故填in。]
10．seemingly [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰形容词simple，应用副词作状语，故填seemingly。]
1 / 19课时数智作业(二十)
选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2024·江西鹰潭二模)
I was born missing my left arm．And while there really wasn't anything I couldn't do，it felt like an obvious disadvantage in a world desiring perfection．In 1986，at 18 months，I was fitted with a prosthetic (假肢的) device，a decision made by my parents so that I would mix in and develop “normally”．
I spent my entire childhood trying to fit in．I did just about anything to ease the special pain of the stares and hurtful jokes from my classmates．I wore long sleeves and did whatever I needed to do to become invisible．By the time I was 8 years old，I had no self-confidence，and the hand I was wearing was making it harder and harder for me to fit in．So I decided I was better off without one．I didn't need anyone to fix me，because I wasn't broken．
One of the most obvious ways for me to prove that I wasn't going to be limited by my disability was through movement．I developed a love for sports，in particular swimming．I felt free and excited when I powered through the water．I was selected to join my first Australian swimming team at age 13，and I successfully represented my country for eight years．I realized I'd made a name for myself because of my disability—not in spite of it．
I taught myself how to be comfortable in a society filled with insecurities．So when I was first contacted in 2021 by Simon Pollard，whose company Covvi was on a mission to create the world's most advanced bionic (仿生学的) hand，I was a bit surprised．He asked me to try the hand and，if I was comfortable with the idea，to become a patient advocate．Through sharing my journey，I'm able to reach thousands of other people who would benefit from its extraordinary capabilities．That's why I wear a bionic hand—not because I'm broken，but because I have an opportunity to enhance the human capabilities that already exist．
1．What was the author's early childhood probably like？( )
A．He struggled to do well in study．
B．He did well with the prosthetic hand．
C．He suffered a lot from unkind treatment．
D．He received acceptance among his classmates．
2．Why did the author start swimming？( )
A．To make him known．
B．To join his classmates for fun．
C．To satisfy his parents' expectations．
D．To boost confidence and gain happiness．
3．What does the author possibly think about his role as a patient advocate？( )
A．Encouraging． B．Surprising．
C．Successful． D．Stressful．
4．What can we learn from the author's story？( )
A．Embrace change and adaptability．
B．Communication and teamwork lead to success．
C．Experience comes from having unstoppable trials．
D．Turn your uniqueness into your greatest strength．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2024·河北邯郸二模)
What motivates you to work or study harder Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you can achieve，or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you 1 But is one better than the other
A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students．It found that if a test is seen as important，and students are optimistic that they can succeed，then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners． 2 In that case，it will in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise．The study also found that if students are indifferent and don't care about the test in the first place，then，unsurprisingly，the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them．
Entrepreneurs often run the risk of failure．It's a fact that many new companies will fail．But does this motivate or hold back business people 3 The personal consequences of failure can be significant，and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid them．A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem solving，as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues． 4 However，the study also showed that it can lead to increased delay of work，as people focus too much on what they personally fear，rather than what would be best，for the business．If someone is less confident about their business ideas，then they may find their decision-making negatively affected by their fears．
5 Fear can drive confident people to do better，but it can also expand our doubts and turn them into barriers．
A．Again，it's not straightforward．
B．The answer，undoubtedly，is “yes”．
C．Taken together，fear-based motivation is complicated．
D．Generally speaking，good outcomes can be expected by teachers．
E．They may also be inspired to innovate and activate their business．
F．However，if students lack confidence，fear-based approaches could cause anxiety．
G．Leaders，managers and teachers often use one of these ideas to inspire people to achieve more．
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2024·湖南邵阳二模)
A Warring States Period Qin tripod-shaped bronze lamp 1．__________ (unearth) in 1974 in Pingliang，Gansu Province，2．__________important part of the Silk Road．The lamp is now on display in the Gansu Provincial Museum because of its unique scientific and 3．__________(history) value．
The lamp has a diameter of 11.3 cm and a height of 16.7 cm when 4．__________(close)．It is in the shape of a tripod with three legs at the bottom，two duck-head-like ears 5．__________(face) each other on either side of the cap，keys on the tops of the ears，and an iron pillar in the middle．
6．__________(open) the lamp，first turn the cap so 7．__________ the two duck heads on the top cover face away from the double keys，then close the tops of the double keys，and 8．__________(use) a “herringbone” shaped bracket to support the round tripod cover．The lamp panel will become a copper fuel lamp with a height of 30.2 cm．
When not 9．__________ use，press down the double keys，rotate the double duck head between the lids to lock them tightly，and close the tripod lid．Due to the exquisite design and craftsmanship once closed，the seal is tight and the lamp oil stored in the tripod body will not leak out．It is rare that there is still muddy lamp oil in the tripod of a bronze lamp that is more than 2，000 years old．
This 10．__________(seem) simple lamp not only has practical value，but also provides clues for historians to study the Silk Road．With digitization empowering museums，visitors can now interact with this treasure through an electronic touch screen．
1 / 4核心 词汇 1．______ n．债务，欠款 2．______ n．速度；进度 3．_______ v．畏惧，惧怕 4．________ adv．很少，难得 5．___________ adv．突然，一下子 6．______________ adv．然而，不过 7．_________ n．名著；经典作品 8．___________ n．(忍)耐力 9．___________ v．保证；确保 10．_________ n．结果，后果 11．____________ adj．重要的；值得做的 12．_________ n．毯子，毛毯 13．_________ n．比赛，竞赛 14．_______ adj．心烦意乱的，烦恼的 15．__________ n．幸事，幸运 16．________ adj．值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的 17．______ n．黎明，破晓 18．___________ adj．长久的；永久的 19．_________ n．香味
阅读 词汇 1．____________ n．手稿，底稿 2．_____________ n．畅销书；畅销产品 3．________ n．河狸，海狸 4．__________ n．黄瓜 5．_______________ n．友谊；友好交往 6．___________ n．指尖 7．_________ n．外形，轮廓 8．____________ v．使兴奋，使陶醉 9．probe v．_______ 10．revelation n．_______ 11．workaday adj．_________ 12．amid prep．_______ 13．mighty adj．__________ 14．orchestra n．___________ 15．tactile adj．_____
拓展 词汇 1．inform v．通知，告知→_____________ n．信息 2．rejection n．拒绝，否决→________ v．拒绝，否决 3．persevere v．锲而不舍，坚持不懈→______________ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 4．criticism n．批评；指责→_____________________ v．批评→________ n．批评家→__________ adj．批评的；关键的 5．delighted adj．愉快的，高兴的→_________ n．使人高兴的事；高兴 vt．使高兴→____________ adj．令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 6．enthusiastic adj．热心的，热衷的→____________ n．热情，热心→__________________ adv．热心地，满腔热情地 7．elect v．选举，推选→__________ n．选举 8．appreciative adj．感激的→____________ v．感激；欣赏→______________ n．感激；欣赏 9．mere adj．仅仅，只不过→________ adv．只是，仅仅，只不过 10．gentleness n．和蔼，温和→________ adj．和蔼友善的，温和的，温柔的
高频 短语 1．___________ 值得……的 2．___________________ 对要做的事感到遗憾(还未做) 3．_________ 放弃；停止 4．__________________________ 与……有共同之处 5．_______________ 靠……为生 6．turn down ____ 7．a total of ____ 8．play a part __________ 9．appreciative of... ______ 10．probe into _______ 11．go about _____________
句型 公式 1．When he might have won had he stuck it out...(省略if的虚拟条件句) 如果他不放弃，胜利就在眼前…… 2．“I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down，but I often feared that would happen，”she later posted．(not...until) “我不会放弃的，除非所有的出版商都拒绝我。不过我常常担心这真的会发生。”她后来说。 3...．Harry Potter became a global success，with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages．(with复合结构) ……《哈利·波特》后来在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。 4．Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) 坚持下去，你终会收到这样的回复：“我们很高兴地通知您……” 5．Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen．(“only＋状语从句”位于句首的倒装) 只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。
Everyone has 1．___ dream to realize．When you take part in a contest but you 2．______________(inform) that you fail it，you are upset．When you apply for a job but 3．______ you receive is always rejection，you are not 4．___________(delight)．When you are enthusiastic 5．_______ doing what you think is right but you hear a lot of 6．____________(criticise)，you may be embarrassed and annoyed．Nevertheless，7．__________ the outcome is，you should persevere．Stop 8．_________(feel) upset．After all，people 9．________(rare) make it overnight．I guarantee that if it is worthwhile to be appreciative and develop your endurance，you are certain 10．____________(success)．
1．inform v．通知，告知
①The news column of Youth can keep me __________(inform) of what is happening around the world．
②Please inform us __________ any change of your address in case we lose touch with you．
③He's been informed ______ he doesn't qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background．
④We should share useful _____________(inform) with others，so that they can also benefit from it and make better choices in their lives．
应用文写作之告知信
得知你将要去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。
Learning that you will go abroad for further study，I'm writing to _____________ ________ some necessary do's and don'ts．
◎inform sb．of/about sth．告诉/通知某人某事
inform sb．that...通知某人……
keep sb．informed of/about...使某人知道……
◎informed adj．明智的；有学问的
◎information n．资料；信息
◎I am used to reading China Daily every morning，as it can keep me informed of the current events both at home and abroad．
我习惯每天早上阅读《中国日报》，因为它可以让我即时了解国内外的时事。
2．guarantee v．保证；确保n．保证(书)，保修单
①As for preparation，reading some Chinese novels in advance will guarantee _________(make) you adapt to the Chinese language environment．
②The car is still _______ guarantee，so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge．
③Communities，coupled with hospitals，offer door-to-door service such as physical examination to the elderly，thus ______________ (guarantee) their health condition．
④Not every stranger you meet is guaranteed _________(turn) into a real friend．
应用文写作之道歉信
对不起，我迟到了，但我保证这样的事情不会再发生了。
Sorry，I'm late but __________________ such things won't happen again．
◎guarantee sb．sth．＝guarantee sth．to sb．向某人保证某事
guarantee to do sth．保证做某事
be guaranteed to do sth．肯定会/必定会做某事
◎under guarantee 在保修期内
give (sb．) a guarantee that...(向某人)担保/保证……
(2024·全国甲卷)If I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy，I'd pick up a love romance．
如果我想读到一个保证是幸福的结局，我就会选择一本爱情浪漫小说。
3．delight n．使人高兴的事；高兴v．使高兴
①He also saw hundreds of ___________(delight) students who had turned out to welcome him．
②I would be delighted _________(have) the opportunity to discuss my application further with you．
③She won the game easily，____ the delight of all her fans．
④He took an almost gleeful delight in _________(show)how wrong they could be．
⑤Andrew roared _________ delight when he saw his father waiting for him at the school gate．
一句多译
让我高兴的是，我被邀请到贵校来做演讲。
①__________________________ I have been invited to your school to deliver a speech．(主语从句；delight v．)
②_______________，I have been invited to your school to deliver a speech．(delight n．)
◎to one's delight＝to the delight of sb．使某人高兴的是
take (a) delight in (doing)...以(做)……为乐
with/in delight 高兴地
◎delighted adj．愉快的，高兴的
be delighted to do sth．乐意做某事
be delighted at/by/with...对……感到高兴
◎delightful adj．令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的
◎So delighted was she that she hugged the twins tightly，tears of joy welling up in her eyes．
她太高兴了，紧紧地抱着这对双胞胎，喜悦的泪水夺眶而出。
4．worthwhile adj．重要的；值得做的
①The reference book is worth ________ (buy)，because it is a great help for your study．
②It is worthwhile _________________________ (consider) the suggestion he came up with．
一句多译
在我看来，这个音乐节的开幕式很值得观看。
①Personally speaking，the opening ceremony of the music festival ________________________．(worth)
②As far as I'm concerned，the opening ceremony of the music festival _______________________________________________．(worthy)
③From my point of view，_________________________________________ the opening ceremony of the music festival．(worthwhile)
◎It is worthwhile doing/to do sth．做某事是值得的。
◎worth adj．值得的，有价值的
be worth doing sth．值得做某事
be worth＋n．值得……，值……的
◎worthy adj．值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的
be worthy of sth．/being done/to be done 值得……/值得做……
◎Taking up a new hobby like painting can be a very worthwhile pursuit．
培养一个像绘画这样的新爱好会是一个非常有价值的追求。
5．go about 着手做；四处走动；传开
用含go的短语填空
①Remember to _________ your essay for grammar and spelling mistakes before you hand it in to me．
②It's terribly smoky in here—I'm just ___________ for a breath of fresh air．
③He should ___________ accounting because he has a good head for figures．
应用文写作之回复信
我正在通过多做运动和更健康的饮食来着手改善我的健康。
I'm _________________________________ by exercising more and eating more healthily．
◎go ahead 先走；发生；进行；开始做，着手干
go out 出去；熄灭
go over 仔细检查(或审查、查阅)
◎go in for 爱好；参加(考试或竞赛)
go through 经历(苦难等)；穿过；浏览
◎He's amazingly cheerful considering all he's had to go through．
经历了种种磨难，他还那么乐观，令人惊叹。
6．[教材原句]Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen．(“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首的倒装句式)
只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。
①Only by working hard _____ you realize your dream of becoming a scientist．
②Only when he came here _____ he know what had happened．
读后续写之主旨升华
直到那时，她才意识到微笑的真正含义：带给别人温暖和陪伴。
___________________________ the true meaning of smiles: bringing others warmth and company．
◎条件：only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装；
◎结构：only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语＋其他。
①“only＋状语从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。②only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．What I am worried about is whether they can succeed in winning the __________(elect)．
2．We are absolutely ___________ (delight) that you can come．
3．They have guaranteed _________(take) good care of the composers here．
4．It is worthwhile ______________________(compare) the two essential designs．
5．To be honest，my brain can't hold so much _____________(inform) at one time．
6．Anger is ________(rare) looked upon as a beneficial character trait，and we are usually advised to reduce it．
7．We are aware ____ more and more accidents taking place around us，so we all should raise our ___________ (aware) of personal safety．
8．We regret ___________(inform) you of the cruel news that your _____________ (apply)has not been successful．
9．It is natural that you should feel _____________ when an ______________ thing happens．(embarrass)
10．Great ______________ is needed in _____________ in teaching and staying with her pupils in this remote mountain area．(persevere)
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．upset
A．adj．心烦意乱的，烦恼的 B．v．弄翻，打翻
C．v．打乱 D．v．使生气，使烦恼
(1)He stood up suddenly，upsetting the soup． ___
(2)The sudden change of the weather upset our plan to go to the amusement park． ___
(3)(2022·全国乙卷)However，some high sugar brands，like Classic Coca Cola，have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers． ___
(4)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage，thinking it is food． ___
2．reject
A．v．拒绝接受；不予考虑 B．v．不出版；(因质量差)不用 C．v．不够关心；慢待 D．v．排斥
(1)It was feared that his body was rejecting a kidney he received in a transplant four years ago． ___
(2)When her parents left home she felt rejected and helpless． ___
(3)Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control． ___
(4)Though the first suggestion was rejected by his boss，Tom still worked hard and came up with a better one finally． ___
3．(2022·全国乙卷)They moved in with a local family，the Harrisons，and，like them，had little privacy，rare baths，and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning． ___
A．毯子，毛毯 B．厚的覆盖层
C．弥漫，充斥
4．In around 80 A．D．，the Romans built the Colosseum，which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design． ___
A．对……有影响 B．通知；告知
C．了解
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．微风轻拂，树叶在空中翩翩起舞。
______________________________，the leaves danced in the air．
2．提前做好准备，你将会避免很多不必要的麻烦。
___________________________________________ many unnecessary troubles．
3．We can truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology only by being smart online learners．
→___________________________________________________________________(部分倒装)
电影《哈利·波特与魔法石》是根据英国作家J．K．Rowling的小说改编而成的。请你写一篇英语短文向校报英语专栏投稿，简要介绍一下作家J．K．Rowling。
写作微练
①在遭到拒绝和批评时，罗琳感到烦恼和尴尬。
While she received __________________________，Rowling was _____________．
②她没有放弃，而是坚持不懈。
____________________________________
③她的忍耐力和毅力确保了她的成功。
___________________________________________ her success．
④她认为成功是一种幸事。
She regarded it _______________________．
⑤她开始感激无数次的拒绝，认为这是值得的。
____________________________ the countless rejections，_____________________．
⑥她保持热情和自信，从不害怕失败，就好像她没有被拒绝过一样。
___________________________________________________________________ as if she hadn't been rejected．
句式升级
⑦用状语从句的省略改写句①
_____________________________________________________________________
⑧用强调句型改写句③
____________________________________________________________________
妙笔成篇
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 persevere；elect；probe；descend；debt；dread；delighted；delight；delightful；enthusiastic；upset；appreciative；gentleness；intoxicate；embarrassed；criticism；endurance；fingertip；haunt
美句 1．While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part，perseverance is the key．Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...” 2．“We regret to inform you...” These are the words that every writer dreads receiving，but words every writer knows well．The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it，their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence．
拓展 语料 词块 keep an eye on注视；look sb．straight in the eye直视某人的眼睛；narrow one's eyes 眯起眼睛；turn one's eyes to...眼神转向……；shut one's eyes 闭上眼睛；squeeze one's eyes shut 紧闭眼睛；eye sb．up and down上下打量某人；one's eyes fall on sb．目光落在某人身上
句型 1．With his eyes narrowed，he wondered what had happened．(with复合结构) 他眯起眼睛，想知道发生了什么事。 2．Noticing me come in，my father eyed me up and down，confused．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 注意到我进来，父亲上下打量着我，迷惑不解。 3．Though my eyes were filled with tears，I still kept an eye on my teacher's expression． 虽然我的眼睛里充满了泪水，但我仍然注视着老师的表情。 4．When learning the truth，I squeezed my eyes shut and bit my lip，with tears running down my cheeks． 得知真相后，我紧紧地闭着眼睛，咬着嘴唇，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。
语料运用
①大卫坐在地上，紧闭着眼睛，咬着嘴唇，泪水顺着他的脸颊流了下来。
David __________________________________________________________，with tears running down his cheeks．(动作链描写)
②他害怕被其他孩子嘲笑和受到批评，尽管他对越野跑很感兴趣。
He _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ the cross-country run．
③恐惧萦绕着他，他觉得自己如临深渊。
Fear haunted him and he ____________________ upon the edge of abyss．
④我注视着他，但他又难过又尴尬，把目光转向了另一个方向，避免直视我的眼睛。
I kept an eye on him，but he turned his eyes to another direction，upset and embarrassed，_________________________________________．
(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
⑤我温和地说：“坚持下去，你就会收获掌声。”
I remarked with gentleness，“_______________________________________．” (祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
⑥最后，他的目光落在我身上，眼里闪着喜悦和希望的光芒。
Finally _____________________ and ___________________ with delight and hope．
⑦他感激地说：“我渐渐明白了，只有忍耐力和决心，我才能实现我的目标。”
He said ________________________________________，“It gradually dawns on me that ____________________________________________________．”(倒装句)
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