课时数智作业(二十三)
选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Revealing nature
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·山东泰安三模)
The Amazon
The Amazon River，the basin of which covers 2.3 million square miles，has incredible biodiversity with over 30，000 species of plants and 1，800 species of birds．It plays an important role in adjusting the climate in North and South America．The River and its forests are threatened by human activities，primary pollution and rapid resource depletion (损耗)．The Office of the American States Department of Sustainable Development is working to manage the threats．
The Mississippi
The Mississippi rises in western Minnesota and flows south for 2，530 miles into the Gulf of Mexico．Millions of people in over 50 cities use water from the Mississippi，and the river is also used for shipping and agriculture．Hundreds of animal species，including 60% of North America's birds，call the area around the Mississippi River home，but river pollution and shoreline habitat destruction threaten to displace them．Fortunately，many projects and organizations are devoted to its conservation．
The Danube
The Danube River begins in western Germany，flowing over 1，775 miles into the Black Sea．It spans 19 countries．The Danube features a richly diverse ecosystem，hosting 55 different species of fish．Cities across Europe use the Danube for power generation and agriculture，and there are more than 700 dams in total．Unfortunately，this river is overfished and heavily polluted．The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River was established in 1998 to manage its conservation．
The Mekong
The Mekong River is a necessary part of Southeast Asia's landscape，culture，and economy．Also called the Lancang River，it starts in China，stretching over 2，850 miles through Burma，Laos，Thailand，Cambodia，and Vietnam．Its basin provides more than 65 million people with food，drinking water，power，and transportation．Dams and power plants are harming Mekong's ecosystems．Organizations such as Conservation International are working to protect the river by advocating for its sustainable development．
1．Birds are affected most around__________．( )
A．The Amazon B．The Mississippi
C．The Danube D．The Mekong
2．How many fish species does the Danube host？( )
A．70． B．65．
C．55． D．50．
3．What do that four rivers have in common？( )
A．They contribute to power production．
B．They flow through multiple countries．
C．They are troubled by dam construction．
D．They are under protection of organizations．
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·湖南岳阳三模)
Rich varieties exist in primates (灵长目动物)．Monkeys roll on snowy Japanese mountains，gorillas chew fruit on Sumatra，lemurs jump between trees in Madagascar，and the naked apes—humans—walk proudly on two legs worldwide．Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity，thanks to a databank of genomes (基因组) from 233 species．
To understand the good and bad of human evolution—both our extraordinary adaptations and disease-causing changes—scientists must compare the genomes of Homo sapiens (人类) to our closest evolutionary relatives，the primates．But researchers investigating diverse topics，from contemporary genetic diseases to human origins，have long faced a roadblock when pursuing this approach：While genomic data exists from millions of people，most of the 500-plus primate species never had their genomes read．So，in 2019，Tomàs Marquès-Bonet at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology，in Barcelona，Spain，and other biologists teamed up with disease researchers at the company Illumina，determined to obtain as many primate genomes as possible．
Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws，the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples from wild and caged animals in South America，Africa，and Asia．Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies，the team built a bank of 809 genomes from individual baboons，gorillas，gibbons，and more，representing nearly half the known primate species．
The data revealed insights about human origins and health，as well as primate conservation，published by more than 100 scientists across 10 papers in Science and Science Advances in June 2023．One study trained artificial intelligence to search human genomes for DNA differences likely to cause disease，based on whether non-human primates can live with those variants．According to Marquès-Bonet，“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species” and “a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate”—including humans．
4．What can we learn from paragraph 1？( )
A．Primates vary mainly in habitats．
B．Scientists focus on the diversity of primates．
C．There are 233 species of primates in the world．
D．Primate genomes are important for studying the DNA differences．
5．Why did the scientists build the databank of genomes？( )
A．To cure human's various genetic diseases．
B．To help human adapt to the environment．
C．To investigate the process of human evolution．
D．To understand the strength and drawback of human evolution．
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about？( )
A．The reasons for building the databank．
B．The process of building the databank．
C．The impacts of building the databank．
D．The difficulties in building the databank．
7．What does Marquès-Bonet think of the databank？( )
A．It still needs to be improved．
B．It is of great value to future research．
C．It is of little help to future research．
D．It is unclear whether it's of help to future research．
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·湖北武汉二模)
Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers；today's airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless，earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago．But some organisms seem to be unchanged—in other words，escape natural selection．The coelacanth，a modern-day fish，is nearly identical to its 410 million-year-old fossils．
Scientists have long wondered how these species do so．It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection)．
But a study published by the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea，showing that evolution constantly favors different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals to improve short-term survival．In the long term，though，“all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change，” says the study's lead author，James Stroud．
Stroud and his colleagues studied lizard (蜥蜴) species；all relatively unchanged for 20 million years．The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years．They measured each lizard's head size，leg length，mass and height，as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头)，noting which individuals survived．Stroud expected to observe stabilizing selection at work preserving moderate qualities．Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection：some lizards with unique characteristics，such as stickier toes，survived better．
“The study offers a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabilizing selection，” says Tadashi Fukami，an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University．Many new qualities are evolving in the short term，but they don't provide a crucial advantage over the long term．In other words，species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment．So what happens when the lizards' environment changes more dramatically To help answer this bigger question，Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards．
8．Why does the author mention the “coelacanth fish” in paragraph 1？( )
A．To demonstrate the power of evolution．
B．To add evidence to natural selection．
C．To give an example of unchanged species．
D．To prove species' extraordinary makeovers．
9．What's the focus of paragraph 2？( )
A．Unsolved mysteries．
B．A common belief．
C．A sharp contrast．
D．Unique characteristics．
10．How did Stroud conduct his research？( )
A．By analyzing lizard fossils．
B．By tracking research objects．
C．By illustrating stabilizing selection．
D．By categorizing qualities of lizards．
11．What will Stroud probably do in the future？( )
A．Make trips to visit lizard experts．
B．Summarize average features of lizards．
C．Reveal the best combinations of qualities．
D．Examine lizards under extreme conditions．
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2024·山东潍坊三模)
When I was 8，my family moved into our brand-new home．My parents had 1 it to our own particular needs and interests，including built-in bookshelves to house their hundreds of books and a large，bright sunroom to 2 all the plants my garden-loving father planned to grow．Unfortunately，a few months later，a heart attack 3 his life．
My mother，who never had green fingers，filled our sunroom with low-light plants like ferns (蕨类植物)，which consistently 4 ．Instead of giving up，she experimented over years and eventually got better through 5 and error．
She never 6 said she wanted to become a better 7 as a way to keep my dad's memory alive，but I knew the sight of the plants could call to mind their happy time．It was a 8 to her that at least part of the room always had plants growing in it．
Then，last year，Mom experienced a series of falls that 9 her in hospital．As I was thoroughly 10 with tending her while raising kids and working，I felt exhausted to the point of 11 ．Magically，I always got recharged when 12 her plants，especially her enormous ferns—now at home in a more appropriate 13 spot．
Mom may not be with us much longer，for her health has 14 significantly．It's my 15 to develop a green thumb—nursing her plants is a future source of comfort that we could be always together．
( )1．A．repaired B．maintained
C．tailored D．built
( )2．A．hide B．shelter
C．rescue D．produce
( )3．A．claimed B．affected
C．threatened D．wasted
( )4．A．grew B．burned
C．flowered D．disappeared
( )5．A．wisdom B．control
C．knowledge D．trial
( )6．A．calmly B．cheerfully
C．accurately D．specifically
( )7．A．nurse B．gardener
C．cook D．doctor
( )8．A．reward B．promise
C．comfort D．habit
( )9．A．landed B．attacked
C．enabled D．involved
( )10．A．disappointed B．associated
C．bored D．consumed
( )11．A．collapse B．emptiness
C．panic D．loneliness
( )12．A．shouting at B．caring for
C．cleaning away D．cutting down
( )13．A．warm B．sunny
C．shady D．cold
( )14．A．advanced B．stabilized
C．changed D．declined
( )15．A．privilege B．decision
C．turn D．future
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2025·河北邯郸模拟)
假定你是李华，你校英文报Youth拟组织一场以“Wildlife Protection”为主题的摄影展，请你写一则通知，发布在校英文报上，内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．作品要求；
3．交稿时间。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Notice
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 / 8核心 词汇 1．______ n．种子，籽 2．________ n．样本 3．__________ n．(动物的)原种，祖先 4．__________ v．产生，创造 5．________________ n．特征，特性 6．_________ v．减少 7．_______ v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 8．______ n．山羊 9．___________ adj．原始的，低等的 10．___________ adv．遍及全世界 11．_______ adj．巨大的，特大的 12．________ n．传说，传奇(故事) 13．______ n．根 14．______ v．把……联系起来；连接
阅读 词汇 1．__________ n．丢脸，耻辱 2．______ n．鸟嘴，喙 3．________________ 巨型陆龟 4．___________ adj．梳状的 5．_______ n．(动植物的)刺，刺毛 6．myth n．_________ 7．pesticide n．________ 8．chilli n．____ 9．cybercrime n．______ 10．centimetre n．____
拓展 词汇 1．distant adj．遥远的→__________ n．距离→___________ adv．疏远地 2．geologist n．地质学家→_________ n．地质学 3．evolve v．进化→___________ n．进化 4．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得→____________ adj．怀疑的；可疑的 5．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→___________ n．发现→___________ n．侦探
高频 短语 1．_________________ 响应号召 2．_______________ 是耻辱，是丢脸的事 3．______________ 源于……的，原产于…… 4．______________ 首选 5．_____________ 有史以来 6．_____________ 正被讨论的，谈论中的 7．_________________ 挤满，充满 8．come to exist ______ 9．adapt to ____ 10．a variety of _______ 11．be home to... ________ 12．carry out ____ 13．tiny amounts of _____ 14．drive...away _________
句型 公式 1．It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island．[it seems/seemed (that)...] 它们的喙看起来是根据所在的独特岛屿上可觅得的食物类型进化而来的。 2．Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control．(“主语＋be＋adj．＋不定式”句型) 格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆植株是因为它们的特征易于控制。 3．With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy，new research has revealed something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all．(it appears that...) 我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。 4．Using the wood wide web，plants can share information and even food with each other．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 使用植物万维网，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。 5．Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other．(way后接的定语从句) 科学家们对于植物之间互相交流的秘密方式的认知与日俱增。 6．While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．(while对比两件事物) 互联网是由电缆和卫星连接起来的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网是由真菌在地下连接而成的。
When my uncle was young，he answered the call and volunteered to work on that distant island．My uncle worked hard in the day．In his free time，he went on studying the characteristics of those plants．He even had some samples 1．________(place) in his bedroom．2．____ was just at that time that he began to think about 3．_____ they evolved from their ancestors．4．__________ _____________ his study generated no income，he was crazy about it．He often used some primitive 5．_________ (method) to carry out his experiments，6．___________ (detect) how the seeds grew into some tall plants．There was a time when the number of those plants 7．_____ (be) on the decline and human beings were to blame．He managed to find out the reason and came up with a new way 8．__________(solve) the problem．Later，he achieved a lot in this field．Many people had suspected 9．_____ (he) talent，but he succeeded！He was 10．____________ (absolute) a legend!
1．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得n．嫌疑犯
①Two __________ (suspect) in connection with the killing are now being questioned by the police．
②Nottingham police last night found what they described as a ____________ (suspect) package．
③The clerk was suspected ____ giving away government secrets to the enemy．
④It _______________(suspect) that the drugs had been brought into the country by boat．
⑤Police suspected the young man _______ (be) the organizer of the robbery．
读后续写之情感、心理描写
我吓了一跳，非常震惊，怀疑有人破门而入。
Startled and terribly shocked，I _____________________________．
◎suspect sb．/sth．怀疑某人/某事物
suspect sb．of (doing/having done) sth．怀疑某人(做了)某事
suspect sb．/sth．to be...怀疑某人/事物是
suspect that...怀疑……，猜想……
It is suspected that...人们怀疑……
◎suspicious adj．怀疑的；可疑的
◎suspicion n．怀疑，猜疑；嫌疑
◎If you suspect a gas leak，do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light．
假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至连电灯都不要开。
2．decline v．减少，下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝 n．减少，下降；衰退，衰弱
①(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 3)In fact，the Northern Song Dynasty was ____ decline by this stage．About twenty years after the painting was completed，it was overthrown．
②He has declined _________ (come) and in that case we can ask somebody else．
③The price of electronic products has declined ____ 20 per cent since last January．
④They believe Russia's population of 144 million will decline ____ 115 million by 2050．
应用文写作之短文投稿
由于污染严重，很多动物的数量现在正在减少。
Due to serious pollution，the number of many animals _______________________．
◎be in decline/on the decline 处于下降、衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline 开始下降；开始衰落
◎decline by/to 下降了/到……
decline to do sth．谢绝/拒绝做某事
◎She seemed to be recovering but then she went into a decline．
她的身体似乎开始恢复了，但后来却又变得越来越虚弱。
3．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于n．指责；责备
①The expert blamed the pollution here ____ the large factory linked to the river．
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame ____ the alarm clock．
③(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)He was __________(blame) for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road．
④________ (blame) for the failure of the performance，Tim felt he was seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly．
语段填空
当被问到谁(把屋子)弄得一团乱的时候，没有一个孩子站出来承担责任。林太太别无选择，只能把责任归咎于一只碰巧从打开的窗户飞进屋来的鸟。
When asked ______________ for the mess，none of the kids stood out to ____________________ it．Mrs Lin had no alternative but ________________ _________ the bird that happened to fly into the house through the open window．
◎blame sb．for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth．on sb．/sth．把某事归咎于某人/某事物
be to blame (for sth．) 承担……责任；因……该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)
◎take the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth．on sb．把某事的责任推到某人身上
◎With so much blame pouring in like flood，Daniel was too sorrowful to utter a single word．
许多责备如洪水般涌来，丹尼尔悲伤得说不出一个字。
4．link v．把……联系起来；连接 n．联系；连接；关系，纽带；链接
①I don't know whether my cell phone can link ____ the Internet or not in Hong Kong．
②The railway linked up manufacturing areas ______ raw material sources．
③Television stations around the world ____________ (link) by satellite．
④A subway line will link the airport _____________ the city center，so it will be more convenient for citizens to travel．
应用文写作之短文投稿
随着时间的推移，这种习俗与幸福的家庭团聚联系在一起。
With time going by，this kind of custom ____________________________________．
◎a link of friendship 友谊的纽带
◎link...to/with/and...把……和……联系起来/连接起来
be linked to/with...与……有联系/相连接
link up (with...)(与……)连接/结合
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page．
人们常常会将他们所读内容的记忆与读到书中何处或者内容在书页上的位置联系起来。
5．drive...away赶跑；驱车离开
①(人教版必修第三册Unit 1)One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive ______ the evil spirits and celebrate the new year．
②I watched several people go by，get into their cars and drive __________．
③His passion for traditional Chinese culture drove him _________ (come) to China．
应用文写作之人物介绍
马明的邻居说他们被这样的噪音逼疯了。
Ma Ming's neighbours said they were being __________________ being exposed to such noise．
◎drive off驱车离去；赶跑
drive sb．to/into...迫使某人进入某状态
◎drive sb．to do sth．迫使某人做某事
drive sb．mad/crazy把某人逼疯
◎He leaves dirty clothes all over the floor and it's driving me mad．
地板上到处都是他扔的脏衣服，真要把我给气疯了。
6．[教材原句]It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island．[it seems/seemed (that)...]
它们的喙看起来是根据所在的独特岛屿上可觅得的食物类型进化而来的。
①My daughter Melissa's birthday is coming．I'm trying to get her a good gift but I don't know what to choose．She seems _________ (have) everything she loves．
②____ seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking．
③When I look out of the window，the birds seem ________________ (build) their nests busily．
④You seem _________________(change) a lot since we last met．
读后续写之环境描写
当你在晴朗的日子里看天空时，就好像地球被一个蓝色的圆顶覆盖着。
When you look at the sky on a clear day，_____________________________________ with a blue dome．
◎seem (to be) ＋adj．/n．看起来好像……
◎seem to do/to be doing/to have done...看起来要做/正在做/已经做了……
◎It seems as if/as though...看起来好像……
◎There seems to be...似乎有……
◎Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family，you can take action to improve the situation．
虽然有时家庭和睦看起来似乎不太可能，但你可以采取行动来改善这种局面。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．However，after I went to high school，somehow I became _________ (distance)from him．
2．__________ (stand) on the top of Mount Tai，we are able to have a good view of the beautiful scenery of the whole city．
3．We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the theory of ___________ (evolve)．
4．You should inform everyone of these dangerous and _____________ (disgrace) conditions．
5．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way _______(use) the sun and the stars．
6．Honestly speaking，we all ___________(suspect) the little princess ____ not telling the truth to us．
7．________(blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was ____ low spirits．
8．It was the second time that he ____________(rush) out of the classroom _________ permission．
9．It was his carelessness as well as his laziness ______ led to his _________ (fail)．
10．Early ___________ (detect) of cancers can greatly increase the chances ____ cure even if you don't have any symptoms yet．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．decline
A．n．衰退 B．v．减少 C．v．衰退 D．n．减少 E．v．婉拒
(1)(2023·浙江1月卷)Habitat loss，pesticide use，and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades，which has damaged the U．S．agricultural economy． ___
(2)As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs． ___
(3)Of course，our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—including other environmental influences or genetic factors． ___
(4)But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined，from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session． ___
(5)Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves．Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food． ___
2．distant
A．adj．遥远的 B．adj．远亲的；远房的 C．adj．冷淡的 D．adj．恍惚的；出神的
(1)Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone，which made me very upset． ___
(2)It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin． ___
(3)There was a distant look in her eyes；her mind was obviously on something else． ___
(4)As I have mentioned，devoting my energy to teaching in the distant village is my desire after I retire． ___
3．suspect
A．vt．怀疑 B．n．嫌疑犯；可疑对象 C．adj．可疑的；靠不住的
(1)In Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders，while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing． ___
(2)Some of the evidence they submitted was highly suspect． ___
(3)What a disgrace！Her son is a murder suspect in the case． ___
4．(2023·全国甲卷)Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere，the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine's roots，yet still manages to add a special twist． ___
A．根，根部 B．根源 C．祖籍
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．这道数学题很难解，他不知道怎么解出来。
The maths problem ______________________，and he didn't know how to figure it out．
2．健康饮食和定期锻炼可能是帮助你保持健康的唯一方法。
Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably _____________________ ____________________．
3．It seems that we are losing the skills of face-to-face communication because of mobile phones．
→______________________ the skills of face-to-face communication because of mobile phones．
请你以中学生李华的名义为一家英文网站写一封倡议书，呼吁世界各地的学生加入拯救大熊猫的行动。
写作微练
①大熊猫是中国本土物种，被视为中国的国宝。
__________________________________，and are regarded as a national treasure of China．
②大熊猫主要生活在中国中西部的深山中，以竹子为食。
Giant pandas mainly _______________________________ in central and western China，and they feed on bamboo．
③由于人类活动带来的影响，野生大熊猫的数量已下降至2 000只以下。
Due to the influences brought about by human activities，________________ _________________________________ less than 2，000．
④为了保护该物种免遭灭绝，中国建立了一些自然保护区并开展了一系列的大熊猫研究和繁殖项目。 (动词不定式作目的状语)
________________________________________，China has set up some nature reserves and carried out ______________ giant panda research and breeding programmes．
⑤在这里，我呼吁全世界的学生加入保护大熊猫的行列。感激所有响应号召的人。
Here I ________________________________________ the protection of giant pandas．__________________________________________________．
句式升级
⑥用非限制性定语从句改写句②
_____________________________________________________________________
妙笔成篇
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 suspect；decline；blame；detect；generate；link；answer the call；evolve；disgrace
美句 1．More surprisingly，plants also use sound to communicate． 2．Most surprisingly of all，plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest．
拓展 语料 词块 shaky/trembly legs颤抖的双腿；with one's legs wide apart双腿叉开；tired legs疲惫的双腿；cross one's legs交叉双腿；drag one's heavy legs拖着沉重的双腿；run like the wind飞奔；run around like a headless chicken毫无头绪地瞎忙一通
句型 1．Exhausted and hopeless，I slid into bed，but I was unable to fall asleep．(形容词作状语) 我又累又绝望，溜上床，却无法入睡。 2．He walked up and down restlessly，his face pale and his hands shaking slightly．(独立主格结构) 他不安地走来走去，脸色苍白，双手微微颤抖。 3．He sank in the sofa，crossed his legs and rested his chin on one fist，lost in deep thought．(动作链描写，形容词短语作状语) 他一屁股坐在沙发上，盘着腿，一只拳头托着下巴，陷入了沉思。 4．He struggled to run towards the finishing line，with his mouth dry and his legs trembling．(with复合结构) 他奋力向终点线跑去，口干腿抖。
语料运用
①约翰被诊断出患有癌症，拖着沉重的双腿回到家。
Diagnosed with cancer，John _______________________________________．
②几分钟后，他又累又绝望地躺在床上，却无法入睡。
A few minutes later，________________________，he lay in bed，but he was unable to fall asleep．(形容词作状语)
③看到他沉浸在悲伤的深渊中，他的妻子给他买了一株美丽的植物。
____________________________________________，his wife bought him a beautiful plant．(动词-ing形式作状语)
④他怀疑这种植物能否在这艰难的时刻给他们家带来生机和平静，但他没有拒绝它。
He suspected whether the plant could bring vitality and calmness to their home during this difficult time，but he ___________________．
⑤他每天都双腿叉开坐在地上，小心翼翼地照料那株植物。
Every day __________________________，he sat on the ground and cared for the plant with great care．(with复合结构)
⑥在他感到绝望的时候，照顾这株植物给了他一种成就感。
Tending to the plant ____________________________________ when he felt hopeless．
1 / 14核心 词汇 1．seed n．种子，籽 2．sample n．样本 3．ancestor n．(动物的)原种，祖先 4．generate v．产生，创造 5．characteristic n．特征，特性 6．decline v．减少 7．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 8．goat n．山羊 9．primitive adj．原始的，低等的 10．worldwide adv．遍及全世界 11．giant adj．巨大的，特大的 12．legend n．传说，传奇(故事) 13．root n．根 14．link v．把……联系起来；连接
阅读 词汇 1．disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱 2．beak n．鸟嘴，喙 3．giant tortoise 巨型陆龟 4．comb-like adj．梳状的 5．spine n．(动植物的)刺，刺毛 6．myth n．(古代的)神话 7．pesticide n．杀虫剂，农药 8．chilli n．辣椒 9．cybercrime n．网络犯罪 10．centimetre n．厘米
拓展 词汇 1．distant adj．遥远的→distance n．距离→distantly adv．疏远地 2．geologist n．地质学家→geology n．地质学 3．evolve v．进化→evolution n．进化 4．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspicious adj．怀疑的；可疑的 5．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detection n．发现→detective n．侦探
高频 短语 1．answer the call 响应号召 2．be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事 3．be native to 源于……的，原产于…… 4．first choice 首选 5．of all time 有史以来 6．in question 正被讨论的，谈论中的 7．be crowded with 挤满，充满 8．come to exist 开始存在 9．adapt to 适应 10．a variety of 各种各样的 11．be home to... 是……的家园 12．carry out 执行 13．tiny amounts of 微量的 14．drive...away 赶跑；驱车离开
句型 公式 1．It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island．[it seems/seemed (that)...] 它们的喙看起来是根据所在的独特岛屿上可觅得的食物类型进化而来的。 2．Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control．(“主语＋be＋adj．＋不定式”句型) 格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆植株是因为它们的特征易于控制。 3．With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy，new research has revealed something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all．(it appears that...) 我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。 4．Using the wood wide web，plants can share information and even food with each other．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 使用植物万维网，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。 5．Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other．(way后接的定语从句) 科学家们对于植物之间互相交流的秘密方式的认知与日俱增。 6．While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．(while对比两件事物) 互联网是由电缆和卫星连接起来的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网是由真菌在地下连接而成的。
When my uncle was young，he answered the call and volunteered to work on that distant island．My uncle worked hard in the day．In his free time，he went on studying the characteristics of those plants．He even had some samples 1．placed(place) in his bedroom．2．It was just at that time that he began to think about 3．how they evolved from their ancestors．4．Although/Though/While his study generated no income，he was crazy about it．He often used some primitive 5．methods (method) to carry out his experiments，6．detecting (detect) how the seeds grew into some tall plants．There was a time when the number of those plants 7．was (be) on the decline and human beings were to blame．He managed to find out the reason and came up with a new way 8．to solve(solve) the problem．Later，he achieved a lot in this field．Many people had suspected 9．his (he) talent，but he succeeded！He was 10．absolutely (absolute) a legend!
1．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得n．嫌疑犯
①Two suspects (suspect) in connection with the killing are now being questioned by the police．
②Nottingham police last night found what they described as a suspicious (suspect) package．
③The clerk was suspected of giving away government secrets to the enemy．
④It was suspected(suspect) that the drugs had been brought into the country by boat．
⑤Police suspected the young man to be (be) the organizer of the robbery．
读后续写之情感、心理描写
我吓了一跳，非常震惊，怀疑有人破门而入。
Startled and terribly shocked，I suspected that someone had broken into the house．
◎suspect sb．/sth．怀疑某人/某事物
suspect sb．of (doing/having done) sth．怀疑某人(做了)某事
suspect sb．/sth．to be...怀疑某人/事物是
suspect that...怀疑……，猜想……
It is suspected that...人们怀疑……
◎suspicious adj．怀疑的；可疑的
◎suspicion n．怀疑，猜疑；嫌疑
◎If you suspect a gas leak，do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light．
假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至连电灯都不要开。
2．decline v．减少，下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝 n．减少，下降；衰退，衰弱
①(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 3)In fact，the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage．About twenty years after the painting was completed，it was overthrown．
②He has declined to come (come) and in that case we can ask somebody else．
③The price of electronic products has declined by 20 per cent since last January．
④They believe Russia's population of 144 million will decline to 115 million by 2050．
应用文写作之短文投稿
由于污染严重，很多动物的数量现在正在减少。
Due to serious pollution，the number of many animals is now on the decline/in decline．
◎be in decline/on the decline 处于下降、衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline 开始下降；开始衰落
◎decline by/to 下降了/到……
decline to do sth．谢绝/拒绝做某事
◎She seemed to be recovering but then she went into a decline．
她的身体似乎开始恢复了，但后来却又变得越来越虚弱。
3．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于n．指责；责备
①The expert blamed the pollution here on the large factory linked to the river．
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock．
③(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)He was to blame(blame) for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road．
④Blamed (blame) for the failure of the performance，Tim felt he was seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly．
语段填空
当被问到谁(把屋子)弄得一团乱的时候，没有一个孩子站出来承担责任。林太太别无选择，只能把责任归咎于一只碰巧从打开的窗户飞进屋来的鸟。
When asked who to blame for the mess，none of the kids stood out to take the blame for it．Mrs Lin had no alternative but to put/lay the blame on the bird that happened to fly into the house through the open window．
◎blame sb．for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth．on sb．/sth．把某事归咎于某人/某事物
be to blame (for sth．) 承担……责任；因……该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)
◎take the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth．on sb．把某事的责任推到某人身上
◎With so much blame pouring in like flood，Daniel was too sorrowful to utter a single word．
许多责备如洪水般涌来，丹尼尔悲伤得说不出一个字。
4．link v．把……联系起来；连接 n．联系；连接；关系，纽带；链接
①I don't know whether my cell phone can link to the Internet or not in Hong Kong．
②The railway linked up manufacturing areas with raw material sources．
③Television stations around the world are linked (link) by satellite．
④A subway line will link the airport to/with/and the city center，so it will be more convenient for citizens to travel．
应用文写作之短文投稿
随着时间的推移，这种习俗与幸福的家庭团聚联系在一起。
With time going by，this kind of custom is linked to happy family reunions．
◎a link of friendship 友谊的纽带
◎link...to/with/and...把……和……联系起来/连接起来
be linked to/with...与……有联系/相连接
link up (with...)(与……)连接/结合
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page．
人们常常会将他们所读内容的记忆与读到书中何处或者内容在书页上的位置联系起来。
5．drive...away赶跑；驱车离开
①(人教版必修第三册Unit 1)One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year．
②I watched several people go by，get into their cars and drive off/away．
③His passion for traditional Chinese culture drove him to come (come) to China．
应用文写作之人物介绍
马明的邻居说他们被这样的噪音逼疯了。
Ma Ming's neighbours said they were being driven mad/crazy being exposed to such noise．
◎drive off驱车离去；赶跑
drive sb．to/into...迫使某人进入某状态
◎drive sb．to do sth．迫使某人做某事
drive sb．mad/crazy把某人逼疯
◎He leaves dirty clothes all over the floor and it's driving me mad．
地板上到处都是他扔的脏衣服，真要把我给气疯了。
6．[教材原句]It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island．[it seems/seemed (that)...]
它们的喙看起来是根据所在的独特岛屿上可觅得的食物类型进化而来的。
①My daughter Melissa's birthday is coming．I'm trying to get her a good gift but I don't know what to choose．She seems to have (have) everything she loves．
②It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking．
③When I look out of the window，the birds seem to be building (build) their nests busily．
④You seem to have changed(change) a lot since we last met．
读后续写之环境描写
当你在晴朗的日子里看天空时，就好像地球被一个蓝色的圆顶覆盖着。
When you look at the sky on a clear day，it seems as if the earth is covered with a blue dome．
◎seem (to be) ＋adj．/n．看起来好像……
◎seem to do/to be doing/to have done...看起来要做/正在做/已经做了……
◎It seems as if/as though...看起来好像……
◎There seems to be...似乎有……
◎Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family，you can take action to improve the situation．
虽然有时家庭和睦看起来似乎不太可能，但你可以采取行动来改善这种局面。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．However，after I went to high school，somehow I became distant (distance)from him．
2．Standing (stand) on the top of Mount Tai，we are able to have a good view of the beautiful scenery of the whole city．
3．We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the theory of evolution (evolve)．
4．You should inform everyone of these dangerous and disgraceful (disgrace) conditions．
5．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using(use) the sun and the stars．
6．Honestly speaking，we all suspected(suspect) the little princess of not telling the truth to us．
7．Blamed(blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits．
8．It was the second time that he had rushed(rush) out of the classroom without permission．
9．It was his carelessness as well as his laziness that led to his failure (fail)．
10．Early detection (detect) of cancers can greatly increase the chances of cure even if you don't have any symptoms yet．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．decline
A．n．衰退 B．v．减少 C．v．衰退 D．n．减少 E．v．婉拒
(1)(2023·浙江1月卷)Habitat loss，pesticide use，and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades，which has damaged the U．S．agricultural economy． D
(2)As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs． A
(3)Of course，our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—including other environmental influences or genetic factors． C
(4)But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined，from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session． B
(5)Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves．Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food． E
2．distant
A．adj．遥远的 B．adj．远亲的；远房的 C．adj．冷淡的 D．adj．恍惚的；出神的
(1)Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone，which made me very upset． C
(2)It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin． B
(3)There was a distant look in her eyes；her mind was obviously on something else． D
(4)As I have mentioned，devoting my energy to teaching in the distant village is my desire after I retire． A
3．suspect
A．vt．怀疑 B．n．嫌疑犯；可疑对象 C．adj．可疑的；靠不住的
(1)In Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders，while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing． A
(2)Some of the evidence they submitted was highly suspect． C
(3)What a disgrace！Her son is a murder suspect in the case． B
4．(2023·全国甲卷)Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere，the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine's roots，yet still manages to add a special twist． B
A．根，根部 B．根源 C．祖籍
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．这道数学题很难解，他不知道怎么解出来。
The maths problem was hard to work out，and he didn't know how to figure it out．
2．健康饮食和定期锻炼可能是帮助你保持健康的唯一方法。
Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way that can help you keep fit．
3．It seems that we are losing the skills of face-to-face communication because of mobile phones．
→We seem to be losing the skills of face-to-face communication because of mobile phones．
请你以中学生李华的名义为一家英文网站写一封倡议书，呼吁世界各地的学生加入拯救大熊猫的行动。
写作微练
①大熊猫是中国本土物种，被视为中国的国宝。
Giant pandas are native to China，and are regarded as a national treasure of China．
②大熊猫主要生活在中国中西部的深山中，以竹子为食。
Giant pandas mainly live in the distant mountains in central and western China，and they feed on bamboo．
③由于人类活动带来的影响，野生大熊猫的数量已下降至2 000只以下。
Due to the influences brought about by human activities，the number of wild giant pandas has declined to less than 2，000．
④为了保护该物种免遭灭绝，中国建立了一些自然保护区并开展了一系列的大熊猫研究和繁殖项目。 (动词不定式作目的状语)
To protect the species from extinction，China has set up some nature reserves and carried out a variety of giant panda research and breeding programmes．
⑤在这里，我呼吁全世界的学生加入保护大熊猫的行列。感激所有响应号召的人。
Here I call on the students worldwide to join the protection of giant pandas．Anyone who answers the call would be appreciated．
句式升级
⑥用非限制性定语从句改写句②
Giant pandas mainly live in the distant mountains in central and western China，which feed on bamboo.
妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
Giant pandas are native to China，and are regarded as a national treasure of China．
Giant pandas mainly live in the distant mountains in central and western China，which feed on bamboo．But due to the influences brought about by human activities，the number of wild giant pandas has declined to less than 2，000．To protect the species from extinction，China has set up some nature reserves and carried out a variety of giant panda research and breeding programmes．
Here I call on the students worldwide to join the protection of giant pandas．Anyone who answers the call would be appreciated．
语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 suspect；decline；blame；detect；generate；link；answer the call；evolve；disgrace
美句 1．More surprisingly，plants also use sound to communicate． 2．Most surprisingly of all，plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest．
拓展 语料 词块 shaky/trembly legs颤抖的双腿；with one's legs wide apart双腿叉开；tired legs疲惫的双腿；cross one's legs交叉双腿；drag one's heavy legs拖着沉重的双腿；run like the wind飞奔；run around like a headless chicken毫无头绪地瞎忙一通
句型 1．Exhausted and hopeless，I slid into bed，but I was unable to fall asleep．(形容词作状语) 我又累又绝望，溜上床，却无法入睡。 2．He walked up and down restlessly，his face pale and his hands shaking slightly．(独立主格结构) 他不安地走来走去，脸色苍白，双手微微颤抖。 3．He sank in the sofa，crossed his legs and rested his chin on one fist，lost in deep thought．(动作链描写，形容词短语作状语) 他一屁股坐在沙发上，盘着腿，一只拳头托着下巴，陷入了沉思。 4．He struggled to run towards the finishing line，with his mouth dry and his legs trembling．(with复合结构) 他奋力向终点线跑去，口干腿抖。
语料运用
①约翰被诊断出患有癌症，拖着沉重的双腿回到家。
Diagnosed with cancer，John dragged his heavy legs forward and arrived home．
②几分钟后，他又累又绝望地躺在床上，却无法入睡。
A few minutes later，exhausted and hopeless，he lay in bed，but he was unable to fall asleep．(形容词作状语)
③看到他沉浸在悲伤的深渊中，他的妻子给他买了一株美丽的植物。
Seeing he was lost in the abyss of sadness，his wife bought him a beautiful plant．(动词-ing形式作状语)
④他怀疑这种植物能否在这艰难的时刻给他们家带来生机和平静，但他没有拒绝它。
He suspected whether the plant could bring vitality and calmness to their home during this difficult time，but he didn't decline it．
⑤他每天都双腿叉开坐在地上，小心翼翼地照料那株植物。
Every day with his legs wide apart，he sat on the ground and cared for the plant with great care．(with复合结构)
⑥在他感到绝望的时候，照顾这株植物给了他一种成就感。
Tending to the plant gave him a sense of accomplishment when he felt hopeless．
课时数智作业(二十三)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·山东泰安三模)
The Amazon
The Amazon River，the basin of which covers 2.3 million square miles，has incredible biodiversity with over 30，000 species of plants and 1，800 species of birds．It plays an important role in adjusting the climate in North and South America．The River and its forests are threatened by human activities，primary pollution and rapid resource depletion (损耗)．The Office of the American States Department of Sustainable Development is working to manage the threats．
The Mississippi
The Mississippi rises in western Minnesota and flows south for 2，530 miles into the Gulf of Mexico．Millions of people in over 50 cities use water from the Mississippi，and the river is also used for shipping and agriculture．Hundreds of animal species，including 60% of North America's birds，call the area around the Mississippi River home，but river pollution and shoreline habitat destruction threaten to displace them．Fortunately，many projects and organizations are devoted to its conservation．
The Danube
The Danube River begins in western Germany，flowing over 1，775 miles into the Black Sea．It spans 19 countries．The Danube features a richly diverse ecosystem，hosting 55 different species of fish．Cities across Europe use the Danube for power generation and agriculture，and there are more than 700 dams in total．Unfortunately，this river is overfished and heavily polluted．The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River was established in 1998 to manage its conservation．
The Mekong
The Mekong River is a necessary part of Southeast Asia's landscape，culture，and economy．Also called the Lancang River，it starts in China，stretching over 2，850 miles through Burma，Laos，Thailand，Cambodia，and Vietnam．Its basin provides more than 65 million people with food，drinking water，power，and transportation．Dams and power plants are harming Mekong's ecosystems．Organizations such as Conservation International are working to protect the river by advocating for its sustainable development．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条因面临环境问题而受到保护的河流。
1．Birds are affected most around__________．( )
A．The Amazon B．The Mississippi
C．The Danube D．The Mekong
B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句可知，鸟类受影响最严重的是密西西比河沿岸。]
2．How many fish species does the Danube host？( )
A．70． B．65．
C．55． D．50．
C [细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“The Danube features a richly diverse ecosystem，hosting 55 different species of fish．”可知，多瑙河有55种鱼类。]
3．What do that four rivers have in common？( )
A．They contribute to power production．
B．They flow through multiple countries．
C．They are troubled by dam construction．
D．They are under protection of organizations．
D [细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“The Office of the American States Department of Sustainable Development is working to manage the threats．”、文章第二段的“Fortunately，many projects and organizations are devoted to its conservation．”、文章第三段的“The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River was established in 1998 to manage its conservation．”和文章最后一段的“Organizations such as Conservation International are working to protect the river by advocating for its sustainable development．”可知，它们都受到一些组织的保护。故选D。]
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·湖南岳阳三模)
Rich varieties exist in primates (灵长目动物)．Monkeys roll on snowy Japanese mountains，gorillas chew fruit on Sumatra，lemurs jump between trees in Madagascar，and the naked apes—humans—walk proudly on two legs worldwide．Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity，thanks to a databank of genomes (基因组) from 233 species．
To understand the good and bad of human evolution—both our extraordinary adaptations and disease-causing changes—scientists must compare the genomes of Homo sapiens (人类) to our closest evolutionary relatives，the primates．But researchers investigating diverse topics，from contemporary genetic diseases to human origins，have long faced a roadblock when pursuing this approach：While genomic data exists from millions of people，most of the 500-plus primate species never had their genomes read．So，in 2019，Tomàs Marquès-Bonet at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology，in Barcelona，Spain，and other biologists teamed up with disease researchers at the company Illumina，determined to obtain as many primate genomes as possible．
Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws，the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples from wild and caged animals in South America，Africa，and Asia．Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies，the team built a bank of 809 genomes from individual baboons，gorillas，gibbons，and more，representing nearly half the known primate species．
The data revealed insights about human origins and health，as well as primate conservation，published by more than 100 scientists across 10 papers in Science and Science Advances in June 2023．One study trained artificial intelligence to search human genomes for DNA differences likely to cause disease，based on whether non-human primates can live with those variants．According to Marquès-Bonet，“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species” and “a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate”—including humans．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们通过灵长类动物基因组数据库来研究DNA的差异。
4．What can we learn from paragraph 1？( )
A．Primates vary mainly in habitats．
B．Scientists focus on the diversity of primates．
C．There are 233 species of primates in the world．
D．Primate genomes are important for studying the DNA differences．
D [推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity，thanks to a databank of genomes from 233 species．”可知，灵长类动物的基因组对于研究DNA的差异非常重要。故选D项。]
5．Why did the scientists build the databank of genomes？( )
A．To cure human's various genetic diseases．
B．To help human adapt to the environment．
C．To investigate the process of human evolution．
D．To understand the strength and drawback of human evolution．
D [细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知，科学家们建立基因组数据库的目的是去了解人类进化的优点与不足之处。故选D项。]
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about？( )
A．The reasons for building the databank．
B．The process of building the databank．
C．The impacts of building the databank．
D．The difficulties in building the databank．
B [段落大意题。根据第三段内容“Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws...and more，representing nearly half the known primate species．”可知，本段介绍的是建立数据库的过程。故选B项。]
7．What does Marquès-Bonet think of the databank？( )
A．It still needs to be improved．
B．It is of great value to future research．
C．It is of little help to future research．
D．It is unclear whether it's of help to future research．
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species”可推断出这个数据库对今后的研究具有重要的价值。故选B项。]
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·湖北武汉二模)
Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers；today's airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless，earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago．But some organisms seem to be unchanged—in other words，escape natural selection．The coelacanth，a modern-day fish，is nearly identical to its 410 million-year-old fossils．
Scientists have long wondered how these species do so．It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection)．
But a study published by the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea，showing that evolution constantly favors different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals to improve short-term survival．In the long term，though，“all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change，” says the study's lead author，James Stroud．
Stroud and his colleagues studied lizard (蜥蜴) species；all relatively unchanged for 20 million years．The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years．They measured each lizard's head size，leg length，mass and height，as well as the size of its sticky toes (脚趾头)，noting which individuals survived．Stroud expected to observe stabilizing selection at work preserving moderate qualities．Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection：some lizards with unique characteristics，such as stickier toes，survived better．
“The study offers a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabilizing selection，” says Tadashi Fukami，an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University．Many new qualities are evolving in the short term，but they don't provide a crucial advantage over the long term．In other words，species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment．So what happens when the lizards' environment changes more dramatically To help answer this bigger question，Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍科学家对看似没有发生变化的生物物种进行研究，揭示了这些物种在进化过程中的选择机制。
8．Why does the author mention the “coelacanth fish” in paragraph 1？( )
A．To demonstrate the power of evolution．
B．To add evidence to natural selection．
C．To give an example of unchanged species．
D．To prove species' extraordinary makeovers．
C [推理判断题。根据第一段可知，本段提到腔棘鱼是为了举一个物种不变的例子。故选C项。]
9．What's the focus of paragraph 2？( )
A．Unsolved mysteries．
B．A common belief．
C．A sharp contrast．
D．Unique characteristics．
B [段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要讲述了人们一直认为自然选择是稳定选择而不是定向选择，也就是一个共同的看法。故选B项。]
10．How did Stroud conduct his research？( )
A．By analyzing lizard fossils．
B．By tracking research objects．
C．By illustrating stabilizing selection．
D．By categorizing qualities of lizards．
B [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，斯特劳德是通过跟踪研究对象来进行他的研究的。故选B项。]
11．What will Stroud probably do in the future？( )
A．Make trips to visit lizard experts．
B．Summarize average features of lizards．
C．Reveal the best combinations of qualities．
D．Examine lizards under extreme conditions．
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In other words，species staying unchanged may simply have found...To help answer this bigger question，Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards．”可知，接下来斯特劳德会在极端条件下检查蜥蜴。故选D项。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2024·山东潍坊三模)
When I was 8，my family moved into our brand-new home．My parents had 1 it to our own particular needs and interests，including built-in bookshelves to house their hundreds of books and a large，bright sunroom to 2 all the plants my garden-loving father planned to grow．Unfortunately，a few months later，a heart attack 3 his life．
My mother，who never had green fingers，filled our sunroom with low-light plants like ferns (蕨类植物)，which consistently 4 ．Instead of giving up，she experimented over years and eventually got better through 5 and error．
She never 6 said she wanted to become a better 7 as a way to keep my dad's memory alive，but I knew the sight of the plants could call to mind their happy time．It was a 8 to her that at least part of the room always had plants growing in it．
Then，last year，Mom experienced a series of falls that 9 her in hospital．As I was thoroughly 10 with tending her while raising kids and working，I felt exhausted to the point of 11 ．Magically，I always got recharged when 12 her plants，especially her enormous ferns—now at home in a more appropriate 13 spot．
Mom may not be with us much longer，for her health has 14 significantly．It's my 15 to develop a green thumb—nursing her plants is a future source of comfort that we could be always together．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从爸爸到妈妈再到作者在种植植物的过程中得到安慰的故事。
( )1．A．repaired B．maintained
C．tailored D．built
C [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“to our own particular needs and interests ”可知，这里说的是根据我们的需求来定制的。]
( )2．A．hide B．shelter
C．rescue D．produce
B [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“sunroom”以及下文的“plants”可知，此处说的是用明亮的日光房来保护父亲种植的植物。]
( )3．A．claimed B．affected
C．threatened D．wasted
A [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“a heart attack”可知，此处说的是夺去了他的生命。]
( )4．A．grew B．burned
C．flowered D．disappeared
B [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“filled our sunroom with low-light plants like ferns”可知，这些植物容易被晒伤。]
( )5．A．wisdom B．control
C．knowledge D．trial
D [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“she experimented over years”可知，这里说的是试验，通过反复试验变得更好。]
( )6．A．calmly B．cheerfully
C．accurately D．specifically
D [考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“but I knew the sight of the plants could call to mind their happy time”可知，这里说的是，母亲从来没有特别说过成为一名更好的园丁，是纪念父亲的一种方式。]
( )7．A．nurse B．gardener
C．cook D．doctor
B [考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“but I knew the sight of the plants could call to mind their happy time”可知，这里说的是成为园丁。]
( )8．A．reward B．promise
C．comfort D．habit
C [考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“at least part of the room always had plants growing in it”可知，这些植物让妈妈感到安慰。]
( )9．A．landed B．attacked
C．enabled D．involved
A [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Then，last year，Mom experienced a series of falls”可知，这最终使得妈妈住院了。]
( )10．A．disappointed B．associated
C．bored D．consumed
D [考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“I felt exhausted to the point of __________”可知，这里要说的是全身心地照顾妈妈。]
( )11．A．collapse B．emptiness
C．panic D．loneliness
A [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“As I was thoroughly __________ with tending her while raising kids and working ”可知，这里说的是我疲惫得到了崩溃的地步。]
( )12．A．shouting at B．caring for
C．cleaning away D．cutting down
B [考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“her plants，especially her enormous ferns”可知，此处说的是当我照料这些植物时。]
( )13．A．warm B．sunny
C．shady D．cold
C [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“especially her enormous ferns”可知，这里说的是有一个合适的阴凉处。]
( )14．A．advanced B．stabilized
C．changed D．declined
D [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Mom may not be with us much longer”可知，妈妈的健康状况衰退了。]
( )15．A．privilege B．decision
C．turn D．future
C [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Mom may not be with us much longer，for her health has _______ significantly．”可知，妈妈生病，现在轮到我来照料她的植物了。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2025·河北邯郸模拟)
假定你是李华，你校英文报Youth拟组织一场以“Wildlife Protection”为主题的摄影展，请你写一则通知，发布在校英文报上，内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．作品要求；
3．交稿时间。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Notice
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Notice
In order to enhance students' consciousness of wildlife protection，our school English newspaper Youth will organize a photography exhibition with the theme of “Wildlife Protection”．
We are now soliciting photography works．The works should be related to wildlife and clearly show the beauty and importance of wildlife．They can be in color or black and white，and the format is not limited．However，they must be original and not processed by any software．The deadline for submitting works is next Friday．Please send your works to the specified email address．
We sincerely hope that every student can actively participate and show their unique perspectives on wildlife protection through their works．Let's work together to protect these precious lives．
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