课时数智作业(二十三)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
The Duke of Edinburgh's Award has picked some activities to help build confidence，independence and adaptability among youngsters．
Set yourself a physical challenge
Learn survival skills at Sani Resort on Greece's Halkidiki coast．The activity is sponsored by the Bear Grylls Survival Academy．Lessons include ways of hiding outdoors，seeking routes，building boats and finding food in the wild．
Price：￡33.50 per day，per person．
Spend time in nature
Head to Ecuador's Mashpi Lodge to experience about 6，200 acres of cloud forest in an excellent reserve of this country，flying through the treetops on the Sky Bike and Dragonfly Canopy Gondola．The tour is guided by Mashpi's team of local naturalist guides．
Price：￡1，030 per room per night，including transfers (换乘) from Quito and all meals and guided activities within the reserve．Out-of-Ecuador tourists need to pay for flying．
Travel somewhere new
It can be particularly rewarding for young people when they step out of their comfort zone．There's nowhere better than the wilds of South Africa．Scott Dunn's teen programme offers an African adventure with two unforgettable experiences to observe wild animals，including a trip to Marakele National Park．
Price：￡6，000 a person．
Experience a digital detox (脱瘾治疗)
Join Metropolitan Touring's journey to the Galápagos Islands．Twin it with a digital switch-off，book day trips with expert guides，and travel around the active Sierra Negra volcano．Activities include heading to Santa Cruz Island on the hotel's boat，diving and surfing．
Price：￡2，730 per person，double occupancy，including all accommodation，return inter-island flights，tours and meals．
1．What is excluded from the charge for the travel to Mashpi Lodge？( )
A．International flights．
B．Changes of vehicles．
C．Touring in the reserve．
D．Diets during the travel．
2．Which activity is most attractive to wild creature lovers？( )
A．Spend time in nature．
B．Travel somewhere new．
C．Experience a digital detox．
D．Set yourself a physical challenge．
3．What can tourists do during Metropolitan Touring's journey？( )
A．Enjoy a flexible tour．
B．Use special digital devices．
C．Learn some survival skills．
D．Experience water sports．
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·山东济南模拟)
On Mondays，two of my children get ready for school in an unusual way．Each packs plenty of food and water，a pair of rubber boots and sometimes a cup of hot chocolate．Then，I drop them off at a nearby park where they spend the entire day outside at a certified forest school．
When I first let them sign up for the forest school program，I loved the idea，but as a mum，I was concerned about a few things：Would they be comfortable outside for that long Would they stay engaged for that many hours Then I asked them if time ever seemed to move slowly．They stared at me in confusion．They didn't understand my question，which fittingly removed my concern．
In this program，kids direct their own play，climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake．They are never told their play is too high or too sharp，but are rather trusted to self-adjust．Something else my sons appreciate about the forest school is not being told to move on to the next activity，but being left to stay in a particular spot for as long as their curiosity allows．
“What about all the things they're missing in real schools？”concerned parents have asked me．Neither of their classroom teachers thinks it's a problem，but most significantly，my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach．They are learning to sit silently and observe nature up close—a skill that's virtually impossible to develop in a noisy and overcrowded classroom setting．They are making social connections across a broader range of age groups．They cooperate together，using their different sizes and strengths to fulfill various roles within their games．
I appreciate it that the forest school is shaping my boys' relationship with the outdoors．They're learning how to spend extended periods of time in nature，what to do to pass the time，and developing knowledge that will get them much closer to nature in the coming decades．
4．What is special about the forest school program？( )
A．Teachers engage in kids' play．
B．Kids play and learn outdoors．
C．It focuses on nature protection．
D．It offers various food and drinks．
5．How did the author feel about kids' reaction to her question？( )
A．Awkward． B．Concerned．
C．Relieved． D．Proud．
6．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about？( )
A．The concerns caused by the program．
B．The benefits gained from role-play．
C．The skills acquired by children．
D．The games loved by teachers．
7．What can be a suitable title for the text？( )
A．Nature：A Wonderland for the Young
B．The Forest School Program Proves a Hit
C．Parks Are Replacing Traditional Schools
D．Forest School：A Fine Place for My Kids
C 篇(限时7分钟)
Can happiness be obtained—by learning about it in school The University of Bristol's Science of Happiness course，which launched in 2018，is helping answer that question．Not your typical college class，the innovative course features absolutely no tests or work．Instead it focuses on teaching students what the latest studies in psychology suggest really makes people happy．Now，the research team behind that class has released a new study reporting it really is possible to learn how to be happy．
Thanks to their course，researchers had already established that teaching students about the latest scientific studies focusing on happiness results in a notable improvement in well-being．During this latest project，they took things a step further．Their work shows that increases in well-being among students are ultimately short-lived—unless individuals practice what's been taught during the course for ages．
“It's like going to the gym—we can't expect to do one class and be fit forever．Just as with physical health，we have to continuously work on our mental health，otherwise the improvements are temporary，” explains senior study author Professor Bruce Hood．Students who took the happiness course reported a 10 to 15 percent improvement in well-being．However，only those who continued practicing what they learned during the course reported sustained improved well-being upon being surveyed again two years later．This project is the first ever to track the well-being of students who had taken a happiness course long after the class ended．
“To gain more information about happiness，we'll continue studying．What we teach is related to positive psychology interventions (干预) that take your attention away from yourself，by helping others，being with friends，or thankfulness，” Prof．Hood said．“This is the opposite of the current principle，but countless studies have shown that getting out of our own heads helps get us away from negative thinking．”
Prof．Hood has turned the course into a new book．The Science of Happiness：Seven Lessons for Living Well details an evidence-informed road map to better well-being．
8．What do we know about Science of Happiness course？( )
A．It's an analysis of students' exams．
B．It's a research platform for the team．
C．It's the team's theoretical foundation．
D．It's the collection of research processes．
9．Why does Prof．Hood mention “the gym” in paragraph 3？( )
A．To offer a solution．
B．To make a prediction．
C．To illustrate an idea．
D．To raise a question．
10．Which of the following belongs to the current principle？( )
A．Talking to strangers．
B．Giving gifts to others．
C．Spending money on oneself．
D．Walking in nature with friends．
11．What's the author's purpose of writing the text？( )
A．To assess a new way to study happiness．
B．To show a new study result on happiness．
C．To comment on a book about happiness．
D．To stress the need of gaining happiness．
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2025·广东六校联考)
Volunteering has been a way of life for me for the past five years since I was fifteen．
In 2020，I 1 with a newly founded social enterprise，which conducted cooking lessons for visually impaired (受损的) trainee 2 ．I absolutely loved it as it involved meaningful 3 with people and I was fully 4 throughout the entire time I was there．This was unlike some other types of volunteering，which may involve mostly behind-the-scenes work that can get 5 after a while．
We called ourselves “sighted assistants” and each of us was 6 with a visually impaired trainee chef．As a volunteer，I would walk with the trainee to the Enabling Village 7 ，and then ensure their 8 as they learned to cook a new dish．This included helping them 9 the position of the sink，ensuring proper use of electrical appliances， 10 boiling and hot objects，as well as being careful with knives among other things．
Being there with them made me truly 11 how difficult life can be when you are 12 or completely blind．Every tiny task 13 massive effort．There are so many people with 14 ，I realised．While medicine still does not have the power to cure all of these conditions，we are never short of ways to empower these individuals by making life 15 and more meaningful for them．
( )1．A．met B．cooperated
C．started D．volunteered
( )2．A．managers B．volunteers
C．chefs D．doctors
( )3．A．interaction B．appointment
C．greeting D．conflict
( )4．A．confused B．engaged
C．surprised D．disturbed
( )5．A．promising B．frightening
C．challenging D．boring
( )6．A．faced B．compared
C．paired D．equipped
( )7．A．lesson B．enterprise
C．room D．kitchen
( )8．A．satisfaction B．safety
C．pleasure D．success
( )9．A．leave out B．miss out
C．figure out D．point out
( )10．A．avoiding B．touching
C．approaching D．feeling
( )11．A．appreciate B．imagine
C．predict D．think
( )12．A．temporarily B．partly
C．accidentally D．originally
( )13．A．simplifies B．causes
C．takes D．offers
( )14．A．disabilities B．difficulties
C．determination D．power
( )15．A．luckier B．tougher
C．happier D．easier
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔模拟)
数字时代的到来，我们的课堂也将随之改变。假如你是李华，你校英文报举办主题为“我理想中的教室”征文活动，请你写一篇短文参加此次活动。要点如下：
1．简述你理想中的课堂；
2．如何实现。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：digital age数字时代；be equipped with配备有；promote提升；whiteboard白板
My Ideal Classroom
7/7核心 词汇 1．__________ n．重要性，意义 2．__________ vt．促进，增进 3．__________ n．同情，同情心 4．__________ vi．坚称；坚持主张 5．__________ adj．很严重的 6．__________ adj．固执的，执拗的；倔强的 7．__________ n．倾向 8．__________ adj．极好的，卓越的 9．__________ n．视力 10．__________ vi．理解；相联系 11．__________ n．技巧，手法 12．__________ adj．宝贵的 13．__________ vt．理解，领会 14．__________ adj．逐渐的，逐步的 15．__________ n．词汇量 16．__________ adj．复杂的；难以理解的 17．__________ adv．轻柔地；温和地；平缓地 18．__________ adj．显而易见的；明白的 19．__________ adj．生动的，逼真的 20．__________ vt．获得，赢得，取得；受益 21．__________ vt．追求 22．__________ adj．批评的，批判的 23．__________ adj．道德(上)的 24．__________ adv．不管；不顾 25．__________ n．境况，状况；情况，情形 26．__________ adj．聪颖的，才华横溢的 27．__________ adj．显然的，明显的；易理解的 28．__________ n．等级 29．__________ adj．有价值的；值得尊敬的 30．__________ n．宇宙 31．__________ vt．放弃；抛弃 32．__________ vt．有……是由于；把……归功于 33．__________ n．阴影 34．__________ adj．极其重要的，必不可少的 35．__________ n．时间表，日程表；时刻表 36．__________ n．设施，设备 37．__________ vt．培养，养成(技能、态度或素质) 38．__________ adv．起初 39．__________ n．模仿，仿效 40．__________ adj．抽象的 41．__________ n．目的，目标 adj．客观的 42．__________ n．洞察力；顿悟 43．__________ adv．各自地 44．__________ vt．名为……；使有权利 45．__________ vt．意味着…… 46．__________ adj．全部的
阅读 词汇 1．__________ vt．启迪；指导，教导 2．__________ n．概念；想法 3．__________ n．突破；重大进展 4．__________ adj．多面的，全面的 5．__________ n．认识，认知 6．__________ n．正直，诚实；完整 7．__________ n．获得，习得 8．__________ n．主动性 9．__________ adj．自主的；自治的 10．__________ adj．原始的 11．__________ n．监狱 12．__________ n．文明 13．__________ n．人类 14．__________ n．惯例，常规；例行公事 15．__________ n．公民；市民 16．__________ n．教会；教堂 17．facilitate vt．__________ 18．fellow man__________ 19．philosopher n．__________ 20．straightforward adj．__________ 21．doll n．__________ 22．violet n．__________ 23．ray n．__________ 24．necklace n．__________ 25．core adj．__________ 26．civil adj．__________ 27．economics n．__________ 28．uncritically adv．__________ 29．demonstrate vt．__________ 30．royal adj．__________ 31．BCE __________ 32．conventional adj．__________33．kingdom n．__________ 34．apron n．__________ 35．preoccupied adj．__________ 36．philosophy n．__________ 37．motion n．__________ 38．stream n．__________ 39．liquid n．__________ 40．forehead n．__________
拓展 词汇 1．consist vi．由……组成；在于→__________ adj．一贯的，一致的→__________ n．一致性，连贯性 2．analyse vt．分析，剖析→__________ n．分析，剖析 3．educate vt．教育；教导，指导→__________ n．教育工作者→__________ n．教育→__________ adj．教育(方面)的；有教育意义的→__________ n．教育(学)家 4．evaluate vt．评估，评价→__________ n．评估，评价 5．except prep．除了……之外→__________ n．例外；除外→__________ adv．极其，非常；例外地；罕见地→__________ adj．杰出的，卓越的；罕见的 6．restrict vt．约束，限制→__________ n．限制，规定，约束→__________ adj．限制性的，约束的 7．bear vt．忍受；承受→__________ adj．可以忍受的→__________ adj．难以忍受的；承受不住的 8．trouble n．问题，麻烦→__________ adj．引起麻烦的；令人烦恼的 9．excite vt．使激动；使兴奋→__________ n．兴奋，激动→__________ adj．激动的→__________ adj．令人激动的 10．pain n．痛；痛苦→__________ adj．令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的→__________ adv．令人痛苦地；艰难地 11．enthusiastic adj．热心的，热衷的→__________ adv．热情地，热心地→__________ n．热情 12．expand vi．& vt．(使)扩大；增加→__________ n．扩大；扩充；扩张 13．puzzle vt．使困惑，使迷惑n．谜；难题→__________ adj．令人困惑的；费解的→__________ adj．困惑的；迷惑不解的 14．disappoint vt．(使)失望→__________ adj．失望的，沮丧的→__________ adj．令人失望的→__________ n．失望 15．contribute vi．& vt．奉献，捐献→__________ n．奉献，捐献→__________ n．捐赠者，作出贡献者；促成因素；撰稿人 16．finance n．金融；财政→__________ adj．金融的；财政的→__________ adv．财政上；金融上 17．expose vt．使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露→__________ adj．无遮蔽的；无保护的；风险高的→__________ n．接触；暴露 18．surround vt．包围；围绕→__________ adj．四周的，附近的→__________ n．环境 19．judge v．判断 n．法官；审判员→__________ n．判断力；意见，评价；判决 20．behave vi．表现→__________ n．表现；行为 21．conclude vt．推断出；得出结论vi．结束，终结→__________ n．结论→__________ adj．确凿的；不容置疑的；决定性的 22．define vt．下定义；界定→__________ n．定义，释义 23．responsible adj．有责任的→__________ n．责任 24．prior adj．优先的；较重要的；先前的；较早的→__________ n．优先处理的事；优先权 25．stimulate vt．刺激，促使，促进→__________ n．刺激，激励，激发 26．assess vt．评价→__________ n．评价；估价 27．efficient adj．效率高的；有能力的→__________ n．效率→__________ adj．效率低的；能力差的 28．approve vt．赞成；赞许；批准→__________ adj．赞成的；赞许的；同意的→__________ n．赞成；赞许；批准→__________ vt．不赞成，反对 29．urge vt．强烈要求；敦促→__________ adj．紧急的→__________ n．急迫；急事 30．assume vt．假定，假设→__________ n．假定，假设→__________ conj．假设；假定 31．respect vt．尊敬 n．尊敬；方面→__________ adj．受尊敬的，受敬重的→__________ adj．值得尊敬的；得体的→__________ adj．尊敬的；恭敬的 32．wise adj．明智的→__________ n．智慧→__________ adv．明智地；聪明地 33．benefit vt．对……有益 vi．受益于n．利益→__________ adj．有利的，有帮助的 34．arrange vt．排列，布置→__________ n．排列，布置
高频 短语 1．__________ 不管；不顾 2．__________有做某事的倾向 3．__________渴望做某事 4．__________ 习惯于做…… 5．in conclusion__________ 6．relate to__________ 7．hold up__________ 8．open up__________ 9．be enthusiastic about__________ 10．put one's arm round/around sb．__________ 11．keep on doing sth．__________ 12．work on__________ 13．in a flash__________ 14．to start with__________ 15．go against__________ 16．come to one's defence __________
句型 公式 1．This was because she couldn't see or hear．(This is because．．．) 这是因为她看不见也听不见。 2．It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch．(It is/was the first time．．．) 那是海伦第一次明白一个她触摸不到的复杂单词的意思。 3．It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BCE)．(it作形式主语) 人们愿意相信这些由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－322年)提出的原始思想，这并不奇怪。 4．Helen's parents got a superb teacher recommended to them，a woman named Anne Sullivan．(get sb．/sth．done) 海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。 5．Now that Helen grasped the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could．(now that引导原因状语从句) 由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能学以致用。 6．I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love．(it 作形式宾语) 我觉得很奇怪，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。 7．．．．people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence．(with的复合结构) ……像伽利略·伽利莱(1564－1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
Education is exceptionally significant in facilitating individual development and 1．__________ (promote) social progress．It helps cultivate creative minds and develop sympathy for fellow men．Educators 2．__________ (expect) to teach moral lessons，enlighten minds and clarify what puzzles students．
Some people think that teaching means expanding students' vocabularies，and making students understand abstract concepts to cope with all kinds of assessments．3．__________ (obvious)，this cognition is wrong．Teaching is much more complex than this．Teaching can be painful．It is apparent that not all students are brilliant，4．__________ implies that teachers have to try all methods to make slow students to gain knowledge．Some students，who think all restrictions unbearable，are troublesome and stubborn．They never have schools' timetables in mind and have their own daily routine．However，teachers are expected not to abandon 5．__________ single student regardless of his/her bad behaviour．They have to urge students to study hard，stimulate the initiative in students and teach them integrity so that they can make 6．__________ (contribute) to society in the future．In addition，students are now exposed to complex circumstances，so it is vital for them to think critically．That is，it is teachers' responsibility 7．__________ (cultivate) students' insight and judgement．However，the fruit of education is sweet．Almost all civilisations regard teachers 8．__________ worthy and respected citizens．Many successful people owe their success partly to 9．__________ (they) teachers．In conclusion，education is 10．__________ (benefit) to mankind．
1．consistent adj．一贯的，一致的
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 5)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists __________ 17 syllables．
②Moreover，the results of experiment consist __________ that of theoretic analysis．
③She's not very __________ (consist) in the way she treats her children．
④Success consists __________ the ability to continue efforts through failures．
应用文写作之建议信
如果你想让别人相信你，你应该言行一致。
If you want others to believe in you，__________________________________．
◎be consistent with．．．与……一致
◎be consistent in．．．在……方面一致
◎consist v．由……组成(或构成)；在于
◎consist of由……组成(没有被动语态和进行时态，相当于be made up of/be composed of)
◎consist in在于……；存在于……
◎consist with与……一致
◎We must be consistent in applying the rules．
我们在实施这些规则时必须保持一致。
2．insist vi．坚称；坚持主张
①Although Tom insisted that he __________ (hand) in his homework yesterday，Mr Wang still insisted he __________ (do) it again．
②(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on __________ (test) the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe．
应用文写作之观点表达
大多数当地人坚持认为这座老建筑不应该被拆除，因为它有悠久的历史。
Most of the local people insist that __________________________ as it has a long history．
◎insist on sth．坚决要求……
◎insist on doing sth．执意做某事
◎insist that sb．(should) do sth．坚持要求某人做某事(虚拟语气)
◎insist that．．．坚持说，坚持认为(陈述语气)
◎No matter how difficult learning may be，we should insist on pursuing our dreams．
无论学习有多艰难，我们都要坚持追求自己的梦想。
3．restriction n．限制，规定，约束
①We restrict the number of students per class __________ 40．
②The government has agreed to lift __________ (restrict) on press freedom．
③As a youngster，she might have found it too __________ (restrict)，not creative enough．
应用文写作之活动介绍
这个游泳俱乐部对附近的家庭开放，没有任何限制。
The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood __________________．
◎without restriction毫无限制
◎restrict vt．限制；限定；束缚
◎restrict．．．to．．．把……限制在……
◎restrict sb．to (doing) sth．约束某人(做)某事
◎restrictive adj．限制性的，约束的
◎I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day．
我控制自己一天只喝一杯咖啡。
4．expose vt．使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露
①As a nurse in the war she __________ (expose) to many dangers．
②(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from __________ (expose) to the cold and radiation．
应用文写作之建议信
我认为，参加这个项目将使你接触中国文化。
As far as I am concerned，participating in this programme will __________________．
◎expose．．．to．．．使……面临/暴露于……
◎be exposed to接触到……；暴露于……
◎exposure n．面临，遭受，揭露
◎Being exposed to foreign classics regularly is beneficial to foreign language learning．
经常接触外文名著有助于外语学习。
5．urge [课本义]vt．强烈要求；敦促 [增补义]n．强烈的欲望；冲动
①These challenges are real，and society __________ (urgent) needs to address them．
②The __________ (urgent) of the problem has been highlighted recently by politicians．
应用文写作之建议信
父母应该积极地督促孩子们利用这个机会加入体育队。
①Parents should actively __________________________________ the opportunity to join sports teams．(简单句)
②Parents should actively __________________________________ the opportunity to join sports teams．(宾语从句)
◎urge sb．to do sth．敦促某人做某事
◎urge that．．．(should) do sth．极力主张/强烈要求……做某事
◎have an urge to do sth．有强烈的欲望做某事
◎urgent adj．紧急的；迫切的
◎urgently adv．迫切地；紧急地
◎urgency n．紧迫；急迫
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)I love animals，and I felt an urge to go to this fundraising event．
我喜爱动物，很想去参加这次筹款活动。
6．judgement n．判断力；意见，评价；判决
①__________ (judge) from what he said，he was very disappointed．
②It was，in her __________ (judge)，the wrong thing to do．
③He was one of the __________ (judge) at the horse race．
应用文写作之谚语
俗话说：“不要以貌取人。”
(译林版必修第一册Unit 4)“__________________________，” the old saying goes．
◎in one's judgement依某人看来
◎judge sb．/sth．from/by从……来评价某人/物
◎judging by/from根据……来判断
◎judge n．裁判员；评判员；法官
◎Our culture originates from respect and trust，so we can share our thoughts without a fear of judgement．
我们的文化源于尊重和信任，所以我们可以分享我们的想法而不用害怕被评判。
7．conclusion n．[课本义]结论 [增补义]结束；结尾；结局
①He concluded __________ their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan．
②Let me conclude my speech __________ a saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way．”
③There is no __________ (conclude) proof that creatures from outer space do exist．
读后续写之主旨升华
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
①I __________________________ that a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclusion)
②I __________________________ that a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclude)
◎in conclusion总而言之；最后
◎draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出一个结论
◎conclude v．(使)结束；得出结论；断定
◎conclude．．．from．．．从……中推断出……
◎conclude．．．with．．．以……结束……
◎conclusive adj．确凿的；不容置疑的
◎(2024·全国甲卷)In conclusion，the development of transport in China is astonishing．
总之，中国交通的发展是惊人的。
8．worthy adj．[课本义]有价值的；值得尊敬的 [增补义]值得(或应得)……的
①The Chinese community is well worthy __________ a visit．
②The film is excellent and worthy of __________ (see)．
应用文写作之建议信
这篇文章值得仔细研读。
①The article is worthy of __________________ carefully．
②The article is worthy to __________________ carefully．
③The article is worth __________________ carefully．
④It's worthwhile __________________ the article carefully．
◎be worthy of值得……
◎be worthy to be done＝be worthy of being done ……值得做
◎be well worth doing非常值得做……
◎It is worthwhile doing/to do．．．做……是值得的
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)Every language is worthy of respect and should be treated equally．
每一种语言都值得尊重，都应被平等对待。
9．owe vt．[课本义]有……是由于；把……归功于 [增补义]欠(账/债/情)
①I owe an apology __________ you for being unable to travel with you．
②I owed __________ to the doctors that I survived such a severe accident．
③__________ (owe) to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours．
应用文写作之倡议书
我认为我们应该为了我们的后代保护环境。
I think we __________________________________________________________．
◎owe sb．sth．＝owe sth．to sb．欠某人某物
◎owe success/one's life to．．．把成功归功于……/因……才保住性命
◎owe it to sb．to do sth．(为了某人)应该做……，有义务做……
◎owe it to sb．that．．．……归因于/归功于某人
◎owing to由于；因为
◎It occurred to me that I owed my success to my social teacher who was a beacon in my life on the road to writing．
我突然意识到，我的成功归功于我的社交老师，他是我人生中写作道路上的指路明灯。
10．arrange vt．[课本义]排列，布置 [增补义]筹备；安排；整理
①He arranged for a car __________ (pick) up his wife．
②She's arranged __________ her son to take swimming lessons next month．
③(译林版必修第三册Unit 3)When you wish to go on holiday，you can make all your travel __________ (arrangement) just in front of the computer．
应用文写作之活动介绍
大多数博物馆也欢迎学校团体，并为孩子们安排特别活动。
Most museums also welcome school groups and __________________________．
◎arrange sth．for sb．为某人安排某事
◎arrange for．．．to do．．．安排……做……
◎arrange (for sb．) to do sth．安排(某人)做某事(不能用arrange sb．to do sth．)
◎arrangement n．筹划；布置；整理
◎make arrangements for为……做安排
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance．
五人或以上的团体需要特别安排，并且必须提前确认。
11．regardless of 不管；不顾
①She is widely regarded __________ the current leader's natural successor．
②Give your brother my __________ (regard) when you see him．
③(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 3)The local government set up strict regulations __________ (regard) further industrial development．
读后续写之人物描写
尽管困难重重，他从未放弃过自己的梦想。
He never gave up his dream __________________________________________．
◎regardless of the fact that．．．不顾……的事实
◎in spite of＝despite尽管(后常接名词，不接从句)
◎regard vt．把……视为；以……看待 n．注意；尊重；[pl．]致意，问候
◎be regarded as被看作……
◎regarding prep．关于；至于
◎They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining．
尽管天在下雨，他们还是继续工作。
12．hold up 举起；阻碍；延迟；支撑得住
①The next time you want to do something nice for someone，don't hold __________ and do it right away．
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 3) On windy days，we had to hold __________ the paper on the desk，which would otherwise be blown away．
③I'd thought I could hold __________ till my dentist come back from holiday，but the pain was really unbearable．
应用文写作之观点表达
如果我们相信某事是正确的，我们就应该坚持下去。
If we believe something is right，we should __________________________ it．
◎hold down压(制)住；限制(尤指噪声)；保住(工作)
◎hold on坚持住；(电话用语)别挂断
◎hold back隐瞒；拦阻；抑制(感情等)
◎hold out伸出手；坚持
◎hold on to 保住(优势)；抓紧，不放开
◎No matter what happens tomorrow，hold on to today and you won't regret．
不管明天发生什么，抓住今天，你就不会后悔。
13．[教材原句]This was because she couldn't see or hear．(This is because．．．)
这是因为她看不见也听不见。
①He hurt his leg．That's __________ he fell from a tall tree．
②The reason why he came late was __________ he missed the bus．
③He and I have worked together for a couple of years．That's __________ I know him pretty well．
完成句子
我知道那是因为我在课后没有花大量时间记忆它们。
I know __________________________________________ I didn't spend much time in memorizing them after class．
◎that/this is because．．．那/这是因为……
◎that/this is why．．．那/这就是为什么……
◎the reason why．．．is that．．．……的原因是……
◎When I grew up，I realized that was why my father could get along well with all the people around him．
我长大了才明白那就是为什么父亲能和他周围的所有人和睦相处。
14．[教材原句]It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch．(It is/was the first time．．．)
那是海伦第一次明白一个她触摸不到的复杂单词的意思。
①This is the first time that he __________ (visit) the royal palace．
②That was the first time that Bernard __________ (earn) money through his own efforts．
完成句子
我第一次参加科学竞赛时紧张极了。但正是那次经历让我意识到自己在科学领域的潜力。
__________________________________________________________ a science competition，I was extremely nervous．But it was also that experience that made me realize my potential in the field of science．
◎This/That/It is the first/second/．．．time that＋现在完成时 这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事
◎This/That/It was the first/second/．．．time that＋过去完成时 这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事
◎That was the first time I had been to the countryside with my mother，where I was deeply impressed．
那是我第一次和妈妈一起去乡村，那里给我留下了深刻的印象。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．She is determined to live a fulfilling life regardless __________ what the future holds．
2．The new creation of the comedian is really worthy of __________ (watch)．
3．They can enter the park without __________ (restrict) during the opening hours．
4．The genius owed his success __________ his diligence rather than his intelligence．
5．An unhappy home environment can affect a child's __________ (behave)．
6．He made a very positive __________ (contribute) to the overall success of the project．
7．The novel __________ of 120 chapters but the language style of the second half is not __________ with the first half．(consist)
8．Susan had very __________ left the party before all the trouble started．It was __________ of her to make good predictions and she was really a woman of great __________．(wise)
9．Your __________ is right．__________ from his look，he must be angry with us．But we can't __________ a person only by his appearance．(judge)
10．My parents thoroughly __________ of what I'm doing and their __________ boosts my confidence．(approve)
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．gain
A．vt．获得，赢得 B．n．增加 C．v．(钟表)走得快 D．n．好处，利益
(1)Oh，my goodness．My watch gains 20 minutes every 24 hours． __________
(2)These policies have resulted in great gains in public health． __________
(3)It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not． __________
(4)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries，the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas． __________
2．rank
A．n．地位，级别 B．n．排，列 C．v．使排成行 D．v．把……分等级
(1)She ranked the bottles in order of size along the shelf． __________
(2)She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank． __________
(3)It is not advisable for teachers to rank students according to their grades．
__________
(4)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The moment I got off the plane，I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought．
__________
3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived． __________
A．小河，溪 B．水流 C．(人)流
4．Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities，but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence． __________
A．奉献，捐献
B．是……的原因之一
C．增加
5．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the completion of their journey． __________
A．推销
B．促进，增进
C．提升
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．我第一次爬山的时候，一路上令人惊叹的景色让我大为震撼。
__________________________，I was amazed by the breathtaking views along the way．
2．He was holding the keys in his hand; he still looked for them everywhere．
→__________________________________，he still looked for them everywhere．(with的复合结构)
3．汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
(1)Tom was ill．__________________________ he came late for the meeting．
(2)Tom came late for the meeting．__________________ he was ill．
(3)_________ _________ Tom came late for the meeting __________________ he was ill．
假定你是李华，为强化教育育人，你校正在开展习惯养成教育活动，请你为学校英语报写一篇题为“Good Habits Shape a New Life”的演讲稿，内容如下：
1．列举不良习惯及危害；
2．指明习惯养成的重要性；
3．提出呼吁。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
写作微练
①为了帮助学生健康成长，我校正在开展“养成好习惯”教育活动。(cultivate，education)
In order to help students grow healthily，our school is conducting __________________________．
②我们组织小组讨论找出并分析我们自己的坏习惯。(analyse)
We organised group discussions to find out and __________________________．
③我们每个人都有很多我们没有注意到的坏习惯，比如到处扔垃圾、不吃早餐、吃太多垃圾食品等等。(定语从句)
Every one of us had so many bad habits __________________________such as throwing away rubbish here and there，skipping breakfast，eating too much junk food and so on．
④既然这些坏习惯阻碍了我们前进的道路，那么我们立即改掉它们并培养好习惯就是一个明智的决定。(now that引导原因状语从句)
__________________________________________，it is a wise decision that we get rid of them immediately and develop good habits．
⑤好的习惯可以使我们更有生产力和效率，帮助我们获得身心健康，提高我们的整体生活质量。(efficient，gain，overall)
Good habits can __________________________________________．
⑥让我们养成好习惯，塑造新生活。(shape)
Let's form good habits __________________________________________．
句式升级
⑦用what引导的主语从句升级句③
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 情感描写：sympathy；unbearable；troublesome；superb；straightforward；excitement；painful；enthusiastic；complex；gently；disappointed；puzzle；critical；integrity；conventional；preoccupied
人物描写：promote；facilitate；insist；evaluate；stubborn；enlighten；grasp；expand；gain；pursue；educate；contribute；expose；stimulate；assess；approve；urge；abandon；owe；restrict
美句 1．She was sometimes troublesome，stubborn and angry，and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her． 2．However，because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing． 3．When her teacher said that it wasn't，she was confused and disappointed． 4．He is now known as the father of astronomy． 5．In the picture，a man is wearing a hat and an apron，and is carrying an umbrella because it is raining heavily． 6．It is important not to become too preoccupied with routines and schedules，because they can make us blind to what is in front of us．
拓展 语料 单词 open-mouthed adj．目瞪口呆的；whisper v．耳语，低语；yawn v．打哈欠；tight-lipped adj．守口如瓶的；缄口不语的
语块 mouth drops/hangs wide open 张大嘴巴；widen one's mouth 咧开嘴；cup/cover one's mouth 捂住某人的嘴；down in the mouth闷闷不乐，沮丧；one's heart in one's mouth 提心吊胆；lick one's lips 舔嘴唇；purse one's lips噘嘴；bite one's lip忍住话，抑制情感流露
句型 1．She froze，her mouth hanging open．(独立主格结构) 她呆住了，张着嘴。 2．Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress． 疼痛和悲伤让她嘴巴发僵。 3．He straightened up and looked at me，open-mouthed/his mouth dropping open in surprise．(分词短语作状语) 他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。 4．With a smile playing around his mouth，he recalled the happy past days．(with复合结构) 嘴角挂着微笑，他回忆起过去的快乐时光。 5．A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease/putting us at ease． 她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。 6．My mouth started watering when I smelled the food． 闻到食物的香味，我的嘴开始流口水了。 7．She bit her lower lip to keep it from trembling as tears ran/streamed/rolled down her cheeks． 她咬着下唇不让它颤抖，泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。
语料运用
①当我第一次作为大学讲师演讲时，我感到非常痛苦和焦虑，喉咙发紧，嘴发干。(the first time 引导时间状语从句；独立主格结构)
________________________________________________________________ as a university lecturer，I felt extremely painful and anxious，________________________
_____________________________________________________________________．
②然后，我赶紧清了清嗓子，舔了舔嘴唇，希望台下的观众没有注意到我的不安。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Then，I quickly cleared my throat and licked my lips，_______________________
____________________________________________________________________．
③有些学生直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我，这又一次让我差点放弃了。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
Some students straightened up and looked at me open-mouthed/their mouth dropping open in surprise，___________________________________________________．
④我对自己很失望，努力做了几次深呼吸，回忆一些快乐的场景，让自己平静下来。(形容词短语作状语)
________________________________________________，I managed to take a few deep breaths and calm down by recalling some happy scenes．
⑤最终，我的嘴角露出一抹微弱的笑意，我可以控制我的情绪和我的第一节课了。
_____________________________________________ and I could take control of my emotion as well as my first class．
23/23核心 词汇 1．significance n．重要性，意义 2．promote vt．促进，增进 3．sympathy n．同情，同情心 4．insist vi．坚称；坚持主张 5．severe adj．很严重的 6．stubborn adj．固执的，执拗的；倔强的 7．tendency n．倾向 8．superb adj．极好的，卓越的 9．eyesight n．视力 10．relate vi．理解；相联系 11．technique n．技巧，手法 12．precious adj．宝贵的 13．grasp vt．理解，领会 14．gradual adj．逐渐的，逐步的 15．vocabulary n．词汇量 16．complex adj．复杂的；难以理解的 17．gently adv．轻柔地；温和地；平缓地 18．apparent adj．显而易见的；明白的 19．vivid adj．生动的，逼真的 20．gain vt．获得，赢得，取得；受益 21．pursue vt．追求 22．critical adj．批评的，批判的 23．moral adj．道德(上)的 24．regardless adv．不管；不顾 25．circumstance n．境况，状况；情况，情形 26．brilliant adj．聪颖的，才华横溢的 27．obvious adj．显然的，明显的；易理解的 28．rank n．等级 29．worthy adj．有价值的；值得尊敬的 30．universe n．宇宙 31．abandon vt．放弃；抛弃 32．owe vt．有……是由于；把……归功于 33．shadow n．阴影 34．vital adj．极其重要的，必不可少的 35．timetable n．时间表，日程表；时刻表 36．facility n．设施，设备 37．cultivate vt．培养，养成(技能、态度或素质) 38．initially adv．起初 39．imitation n．模仿，仿效 40．abstract adj．抽象的 41．objective n．目的，目标 adj．客观的 42．insight n．洞察力；顿悟 43．respectively adv．各自地 44．entitle vt．名为……；使有权利 45．imply vt．意味着…… 46．overall adj．全部的
阅读 词汇 1．enlighten vt．启迪；指导，教导 2．concept n．概念；想法 3．breakthrough n．突破；重大进展 4．well-rounded adj．多面的，全面的 5．cognition n．认识，认知 6．integrity n．正直，诚实；完整 7．acquisition n．获得，习得 8．initiative n．主动性 9．autonomous adj．自主的；自治的 10．primitive adj．原始的 11．prison n．监狱 12．civilisation n．文明 13．mankind n．人类 14．routine n．惯例，常规；例行公事 15．citizen n．公民；市民 16．church n．教会；教堂 17．facilitate vt．促进；使便利 18．fellow man人类 19．philosopher n．哲学家 20．straightforward adj．简单的，易懂的；诚实的，坦率的 21．doll n．玩偶 22．violet n．紫罗兰 23．ray n．(太阳或月亮的)光线 24．necklace n．项链 25．core adj．核心的 26．civil adj．文明的，有礼貌的；公民的 27．economics n．经济学 28．uncritically adv．无鉴别力地；不加批评地 29．demonstrate vt．展示；说明 30．royal adj．皇家的；王室的 31．BCE 公元前 32．conventional adj．守旧的；传统的 33．kingdom n．王国 34．apron n．围裙 35．preoccupied adj．全神贯注的 36．philosophy n．思想体系；哲学 37．motion n．运动 38．stream n．水流 39．liquid n．液体 40．forehead n．额，前额
拓展 词汇 1．consist vi．由……组成；在于→consistent adj．一贯的，一致的→consistency n．一致性，连贯性 2．analyse vt．分析，剖析→analysis n．分析，剖析 3．educate vt．教育；教导，指导→educator n．教育工作者→education n．教育→educational adj．教育(方面)的；有教育意义的→educationalist n．教育(学)家 4．evaluate vt．评估，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价 5．except prep．除了……之外→exception n．例外；除外→exceptionally adv．极其，非常；例外地；罕见地→exceptional adj．杰出的，卓越的；罕见的 6．restrict vt．约束，限制→restriction n．限制，规定，约束→restrictive adj．限制性的，约束的 7．bear vt．忍受；承受→bearable adj．可以忍受的→unbearable adj．难以忍受的；承受不住的 8．trouble n．问题，麻烦→troublesome adj．引起麻烦的；令人烦恼的 9．excite vt．使激动；使兴奋→excitement n．兴奋，激动→excited adj．激动的→exciting adj．令人激动的 10．pain n．痛；痛苦→painful adj．令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的→painfully adv．令人痛苦地；艰难地 11．enthusiastic adj．热心的，热衷的→enthusiastically adv．热情地，热心地→enthusiasm n．热情 12．expand vi．& vt．(使)扩大；增加→expansion n．扩大；扩充；扩张 13．puzzle vt．使困惑，使迷惑n．谜；难题→puzzling adj．令人困惑的；费解的→puzzled adj．困惑的；迷惑不解的 14．disappoint vt．(使)失望→disappointed adj．失望的，沮丧的→disappointing adj．令人失望的→disappointment n．失望 15．contribute vi．& vt．奉献，捐献→contribution n．奉献，捐献→contributor n．捐赠者，作出贡献者；促成因素；撰稿人 16．finance n．金融；财政→financial adj．金融的；财政的→financially adv．财政上；金融上 17．expose vt．使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露→exposed adj．无遮蔽的；无保护的；风险高的→exposure n．接触；暴露 18．surround vt．包围；围绕→surrounding adj．四周的，附近的→surroundings n．环境 19．judge v．判断 n．法官；审判员→judgement n．判断力；意见，评价；判决 20．behave vi．表现→behavio(u)r n．表现；行为 21．conclude vt．推断出；得出结论vi．结束，终结→conclusion n．结论→conclusive adj．确凿的；不容置疑的；决定性的 22．define vt．下定义；界定→definition n．定义，释义 23．responsible adj．有责任的→responsibility n．责任 24．prior adj．优先的；较重要的；先前的；较早的→priority n．优先处理的事；优先权 25．stimulate vt．刺激，促使，促进→stimulation n．刺激，激励，激发 26．assess vt．评价→assessment n．评价；估价 27．efficient adj．效率高的；有能力的→efficiency n．效率→inefficient adj．效率低的；能力差的 28．approve vt．赞成；赞许；批准→approving adj．赞成的；赞许的；同意的→approval n．赞成；赞许；批准→disapprove vt．不赞成，反对 29．urge vt．强烈要求；敦促→urgent adj．紧急的→urgency n．急迫；急事 30．assume vt．假定，假设→assumption n．假定，假设→assuming conj．假设；假定 31．respect vt．尊敬 n．尊敬；方面→respected adj．受尊敬的，受敬重的→respectable adj．值得尊敬的；得体的→respectful adj．尊敬的；恭敬的 32．wise adj．明智的→wisdom n．智慧→wisely adv．明智地；聪明地 33．benefit vt．对……有益 vi．受益于n．利益→beneficial adj．有利的，有帮助的 34．arrange vt．排列，布置→arrangement n．排列，布置
高频 短语 1．regardless of 不管；不顾 2．have a tendency to do sth．有做某事的倾向 3．be eager to do sth．渴望做某事 4．be used to doing 习惯于做…… 5．in conclusion最后 6．relate to理解；有关 7．hold up举起 8．open up开放，开启 9．be enthusiastic about对……有热情 10．put one's arm round/around sb．搂住某人 11．keep on doing sth．继续做某事 12．work on从事 13．in a flash瞬间 14．to start with首先；第一 15．go against反对；对……不利 16．come to one's defence 为某人辩护
句型 公式 1．This was because she couldn't see or hear．(This is because．．．) 这是因为她看不见也听不见。 2．It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch．(It is/was the first time．．．) 那是海伦第一次明白一个她触摸不到的复杂单词的意思。 3．It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BCE)．(it作形式主语) 人们愿意相信这些由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－322年)提出的原始思想，这并不奇怪。 4．Helen's parents got a superb teacher recommended to them，a woman named Anne Sullivan．(get sb．/sth．done) 海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。 5．Now that Helen grasped the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could．(now that引导原因状语从句) 由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能学以致用。 6．I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love．(it 作形式宾语) 我觉得很奇怪，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。 7．．．．people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence．(with的复合结构) ……像伽利略·伽利莱(1564－1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
Education is exceptionally significant in facilitating individual development and 1．promoting (promote) social progress．It helps cultivate creative minds and develop sympathy for fellow men．Educators 2．are expected (expect) to teach moral lessons，enlighten minds and clarify what puzzles students．
Some people think that teaching means expanding students' vocabularies，and making students understand abstract concepts to cope with all kinds of assessments．3．Obviously (obvious)，this cognition is wrong．Teaching is much more complex than this．Teaching can be painful．It is apparent that not all students are brilliant，4．which implies that teachers have to try all methods to make slow students to gain knowledge．Some students，who think all restrictions unbearable，are troublesome and stubborn．They never have schools' timetables in mind and have their own daily routine．However，teachers are expected not to abandon 5．a single student regardless of his/her bad behaviour．They have to urge students to study hard，stimulate the initiative in students and teach them integrity so that they can make 6．contributions (contribute) to society in the future．In addition，students are now exposed to complex circumstances，so it is vital for them to think critically．That is，it is teachers' responsibility 7．to cultivate (cultivate) students' insight and judgement．However，the fruit of education is sweet．Almost all civilisations regard teachers 8．as worthy and respected citizens．Many successful people owe their success partly to 9．their (they) teachers．In conclusion，education is 10．beneficial (benefit) to mankind．
1．consistent adj．一贯的，一致的
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 5)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables．
②Moreover，the results of experiment consist with that of theoretic analysis．
③She's not very consistent (consist) in the way she treats her children．
④Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures．
应用文写作之建议信
如果你想让别人相信你，你应该言行一致。
If you want others to believe in you，your conduct should consist with/be consistent with what you say．
◎be consistent with．．．与……一致
◎be consistent in．．．在……方面一致
◎consist v．由……组成(或构成)；在于
◎consist of由……组成(没有被动语态和进行时态，相当于be made up of/be composed of)
◎consist in在于……；存在于……
◎consist with与……一致
◎We must be consistent in applying the rules．
我们在实施这些规则时必须保持一致。
2．insist vi．坚称；坚持主张
①Although Tom insisted that he had handed (hand) in his homework yesterday，Mr Wang still insisted he (should) do (do) it again．
②(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing (test) the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe．
应用文写作之观点表达
大多数当地人坚持认为这座老建筑不应该被拆除，因为它有悠久的历史。
Most of the local people insist that the old building (should) not be pulled down as it has a long history．
◎insist on sth．坚决要求……
◎insist on doing sth．执意做某事
◎insist that sb．(should) do sth．坚持要求某人做某事(虚拟语气)
◎insist that．．．坚持说，坚持认为(陈述语气)
◎No matter how difficult learning may be，we should insist on pursuing our dreams．
无论学习有多艰难，我们都要坚持追求自己的梦想。
3．restriction n．限制，规定，约束
①We restrict the number of students per class to 40．
②The government has agreed to lift restrictions (restrict) on press freedom．
③As a youngster，she might have found it too restrictive (restrict)，not creative enough．
应用文写作之活动介绍
这个游泳俱乐部对附近的家庭开放，没有任何限制。
The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood without restriction．
◎without restriction毫无限制
◎restrict vt．限制；限定；束缚
◎restrict．．．to．．．把……限制在……
◎restrict sb．to (doing) sth．约束某人(做)某事
◎restrictive adj．限制性的，约束的
◎I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day．
我控制自己一天只喝一杯咖啡。
4．expose vt．使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露
①As a nurse in the war she was exposed (expose) to many dangers．
②(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure (expose) to the cold and radiation．
应用文写作之建议信
我认为，参加这个项目将使你接触中国文化。
As far as I am concerned，participating in this programme will get you exposed to Chinese culture．
◎expose．．．to．．．使……面临/暴露于……
◎be exposed to接触到……；暴露于……
◎exposure n．面临，遭受，揭露
◎Being exposed to foreign classics regularly is beneficial to foreign language learning．
经常接触外文名著有助于外语学习。
5．urge [课本义]vt．强烈要求；敦促 [增补义]n．强烈的欲望；冲动
①These challenges are real，and society urgently (urgent) needs to address them．
②The urgency (urgent) of the problem has been highlighted recently by politicians．
应用文写作之建议信
父母应该积极地督促孩子们利用这个机会加入体育队。
①Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams．(简单句)
②Parents should actively urge that their children (should) take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams．(宾语从句)
◎urge sb．to do sth．敦促某人做某事
◎urge that．．．(should) do sth．极力主张/强烈要求……做某事
◎have an urge to do sth．有强烈的欲望做某事
◎urgent adj．紧急的；迫切的
◎urgently adv．迫切地；紧急地
◎urgency n．紧迫；急迫
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)I love animals，and I felt an urge to go to this fundraising event．
我喜爱动物，很想去参加这次筹款活动。
6．judgement n．判断力；意见，评价；判决
①Judging (judge) from what he said，he was very disappointed．
②It was，in her judgement (judge)，the wrong thing to do．
③He was one of the judges (judge) at the horse race．
应用文写作之谚语
俗话说：“不要以貌取人。”
(译林版必修第一册Unit 4)“Don't judge a book by its cover，” the old saying goes．
◎in one's judgement依某人看来
◎judge sb．/sth．from/by从……来评价某人/物
◎judging by/from根据……来判断
◎judge n．裁判员；评判员；法官
◎Our culture originates from respect and trust，so we can share our thoughts without a fear of judgement．
我们的文化源于尊重和信任，所以我们可以分享我们的想法而不用害怕被评判。
7．conclusion n．[课本义]结论 [增补义]结束；结尾；结局
①He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan．
②Let me conclude my speech with a saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way．”
③There is no conclusive (conclude) proof that creatures from outer space do exist．
读后续写之主旨升华
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
①I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclusion)
②I concluded from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed．(conclude)
◎in conclusion总而言之；最后
◎draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出一个结论
◎conclude v．(使)结束；得出结论；断定
◎conclude．．．from．．．从……中推断出……
◎conclude．．．with．．．以……结束……
◎conclusive adj．确凿的；不容置疑的
◎(2024·全国甲卷)In conclusion，the development of transport in China is astonishing．
总之，中国交通的发展是惊人的。
8．worthy adj．[课本义]有价值的；值得尊敬的 [增补义]值得(或应得)……的
①The Chinese community is well worthy of a visit．
②The film is excellent and worthy of being seen (see)．
应用文写作之建议信
这篇文章值得仔细研读。
①The article is worthy of being studied carefully．
②The article is worthy to be studied carefully．
③The article is worth studying carefully．
④It's worthwhile studying/to study the article carefully．
◎be worthy of值得……
◎be worthy to be done＝be worthy of being done ……值得做
◎be well worth doing非常值得做……
◎It is worthwhile doing/to do．．．做……是值得的
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)Every language is worthy of respect and should be treated equally．
每一种语言都值得尊重，都应被平等对待。
9．owe vt．[课本义]有……是由于；把……归功于 [增补义]欠(账/债/情)
①I owe an apology to you for being unable to travel with you．
②I owed it to the doctors that I survived such a severe accident．
③Owing (owe) to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours．
应用文写作之倡议书
我认为我们应该为了我们的后代保护环境。
I think we owe it to our future generations to protect the environment．
◎owe sb．sth．＝owe sth．to sb．欠某人某物
◎owe success/one's life to．．．把成功归功于……/因……才保住性命
◎owe it to sb．to do sth．(为了某人)应该做……，有义务做……
◎owe it to sb．that．．．……归因于/归功于某人
◎owing to由于；因为
◎It occurred to me that I owed my success to my social teacher who was a beacon in my life on the road to writing．
我突然意识到，我的成功归功于我的社交老师，他是我人生中写作道路上的指路明灯。
10．arrange vt．[课本义]排列，布置 [增补义]筹备；安排；整理
①He arranged for a car to pick (pick) up his wife．
②She's arranged for her son to take swimming lessons next month．
③(译林版必修第三册Unit 3)When you wish to go on holiday，you can make all your travel arrangements (arrangement) just in front of the computer．
应用文写作之活动介绍
大多数博物馆也欢迎学校团体，并为孩子们安排特别活动。
Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children．
◎arrange sth．for sb．为某人安排某事
◎arrange for．．．to do．．．安排……做……
◎arrange (for sb．) to do sth．安排(某人)做某事(不能用arrange sb．to do sth．)
◎arrangement n．筹划；布置；整理
◎make arrangements for为……做安排
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance．
五人或以上的团体需要特别安排，并且必须提前确认。
11．regardless of 不管；不顾
①She is widely regarded as the current leader's natural successor．
②Give your brother my regards (regard) when you see him．
③(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 3)The local government set up strict regulations regarding (regard) further industrial development．
读后续写之人物描写
尽管困难重重，他从未放弃过自己的梦想。
He never gave up his dream regardless of/in spite of/despite many difficulties．
◎regardless of the fact that．．．不顾……的事实
◎in spite of＝despite尽管(后常接名词，不接从句)
◎regard vt．把……视为；以……看待 n．注意；尊重；[pl．]致意，问候
◎be regarded as被看作……
◎regarding prep．关于；至于
◎They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining．
尽管天在下雨，他们还是继续工作。
12．hold up 举起；阻碍；延迟；支撑得住
①The next time you want to do something nice for someone，don't hold back and do it right away．
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 3) On windy days，we had to hold down the paper on the desk，which would otherwise be blown away．
③I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist come back from holiday，but the pain was really unbearable．
应用文写作之观点表达
如果我们相信某事是正确的，我们就应该坚持下去。
If we believe something is right，we should hold on to it．
◎hold down压(制)住；限制(尤指噪声)；保住(工作)
◎hold on坚持住；(电话用语)别挂断
◎hold back隐瞒；拦阻；抑制(感情等)
◎hold out伸出手；坚持
◎hold on to 保住(优势)；抓紧，不放开
◎No matter what happens tomorrow，hold on to today and you won't regret．
不管明天发生什么，抓住今天，你就不会后悔。
13．[教材原句]This was because she couldn't see or hear．(This is because．．．)
这是因为她看不见也听不见。
①He hurt his leg．That's because he fell from a tall tree．
②The reason why he came late was that he missed the bus．
③He and I have worked together for a couple of years．That's why I know him pretty well．
完成句子
我知道那是因为我在课后没有花大量时间记忆它们。
I know that is because I didn't spend much time in memorizing them after class．
◎that/this is because．．．那/这是因为……
◎that/this is why．．．那/这就是为什么……
◎the reason why．．．is that．．．……的原因是……
◎When I grew up，I realized that was why my father could get along well with all the people around him．
我长大了才明白那就是为什么父亲能和他周围的所有人和睦相处。
14．[教材原句]It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch．(It is/was the first time．．．)
那是海伦第一次明白一个她触摸不到的复杂单词的意思。
①This is the first time that he has visited (visit) the royal palace．
②That was the first time that Bernard had earned (earn) money through his own efforts．
完成句子
我第一次参加科学竞赛时紧张极了。但正是那次经历让我意识到自己在科学领域的潜力。
The first time I participated in a science competition，I was extremely nervous．But it was also that experience that made me realize my potential in the field of science．
◎This/That/It is the first/second/．．．time that＋现在完成时 这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事
◎This/That/It was the first/second/．．．time that＋过去完成时 这/那是某人第一/二/……次做某事
◎That was the first time I had been to the countryside with my mother，where I was deeply impressed．
那是我第一次和妈妈一起去乡村，那里给我留下了深刻的印象。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．She is determined to live a fulfilling life regardless of what the future holds．
2．The new creation of the comedian is really worthy of being watched (watch)．
3．They can enter the park without restriction (restrict) during the opening hours．
4．The genius owed his success to his diligence rather than his intelligence．
5．An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behavio(u)r (behave)．
6．He made a very positive contribution (contribute) to the overall success of the project．
7．The novel consists of 120 chapters but the language style of the second half is not consistent with the first half．(consist)
8．Susan had very wisely left the party before all the trouble started．It was wise of her to make good predictions and she was really a woman of great wisdom．(wise)
9．Your judg(e)ment is right．Judging from his look，he must be angry with us．But we can't judge a person only by his appearance．(judge)
10．My parents thoroughly approve of what I'm doing and their approval boosts my confidence．(approve)
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．gain
A．vt．获得，赢得 B．n．增加 C．v．(钟表)走得快 D．n．好处，利益
(1)Oh，my goodness．My watch gains 20 minutes every 24 hours． C
(2)These policies have resulted in great gains in public health． D
(3)It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not． A
(4)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries，the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas． B
2．rank
A．n．地位，级别 B．n．排，列 C．v．使排成行 D．v．把……分等级
(1)She ranked the bottles in order of size along the shelf． C
(2)She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank． A
(3)It is not advisable for teachers to rank students according to their grades． D
(4)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The moment I got off the plane，I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought．B
3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived． A
A．小河，溪 B．水流 C．(人)流
4．Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities，but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence． B
A．奉献，捐献
B．是……的原因之一
C．增加
5．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the completion of their journey． A
A．推销
B．促进，增进
C．提升
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．我第一次爬山的时候，一路上令人惊叹的景色让我大为震撼。
The first time that I climbed a mountain，I was amazed by the breathtaking views along the way．
2．He was holding the keys in his hand; he still looked for them everywhere．
→With the keys held in his hand，he still looked for them everywhere．(with的复合结构)
3．汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
(1)Tom was ill．That was why he came late for the meeting．
(2)Tom came late for the meeting．That was because he was ill．
(3)The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill．
假定你是李华，为强化教育育人，你校正在开展习惯养成教育活动，请你为学校英语报写一篇题为“Good Habits Shape a New Life”的演讲稿，内容如下：
1．列举不良习惯及危害；
2．指明习惯养成的重要性；
3．提出呼吁。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
写作微练
①为了帮助学生健康成长，我校正在开展“养成好习惯”教育活动。(cultivate，education)
In order to help students grow healthily，our school is conducting “cultivating good habits” education activities．
②我们组织小组讨论找出并分析我们自己的坏习惯。(analyse)
We organised group discussions to find out and analyse our own bad habits．
③我们每个人都有很多我们没有注意到的坏习惯，比如到处扔垃圾、不吃早餐、吃太多垃圾食品等等。(定语从句)
Every one of us had so many bad habits that we didn't notice，such as throwing away rubbish here and there，skipping breakfast，eating too much junk food and so on．
④既然这些坏习惯阻碍了我们前进的道路，那么我们立即改掉它们并培养好习惯就是一个明智的决定。(now that引导原因状语从句)
Now that these bad habits stand in our way forward，it is a wise decision that we get rid of them immediately and develop good habits．
⑤好的习惯可以使我们更有生产力和效率，帮助我们获得身心健康，提高我们的整体生活质量。(efficient，gain，overall)
Good habits can make us more productive and efficient，help us gain physical and mental health，and increase our overall quality of life．
⑥让我们养成好习惯，塑造新生活。(shape)
Let's form good habits to shape a new life．
句式升级
⑦用what引导的主语从句升级句③
What shocked us was that every one of us had so many bad habits that we didn't notice，such as throwing away rubbish here and there，skipping breakfast，eating too much junk food and so on．
妙笔成篇
Good Habits Shape a New Life
In order to help students grow healthily，our school is conducting “cultivating good habits” education activities．
We organised group discussions to find out and analyse our own bad habits．What shocked us was that every one of us had so many bad habits that we didn't notice，such as throwing away rubbish here and there，skipping breakfast，eating too much junk food and so on．
Now that these bad habits stand in our way forward，it is a wise decision that we get rid of them immediately and develop good habits．Good habits can make us more productive and efficient，help us gain physical and mental health，and increase our overall quality of life．Let's form good habits to shape a new life．
语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 情感描写：sympathy；unbearable；troublesome；superb；straightforward；excitement；painful；enthusiastic；complex；gently；disappointed；puzzle；critical；integrity；conventional；preoccupied
人物描写：promote；facilitate；insist；evaluate；stubborn；enlighten；grasp；expand；gain；pursue；educate；contribute；expose；stimulate；assess；approve；urge；abandon；owe；restrict
美句 1．She was sometimes troublesome，stubborn and angry，and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her． 2．However，because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing． 3．When her teacher said that it wasn't，she was confused and disappointed． 4．He is now known as the father of astronomy． 5．In the picture，a man is wearing a hat and an apron，and is carrying an umbrella because it is raining heavily． 6．It is important not to become too preoccupied with routines and schedules，because they can make us blind to what is in front of us．
拓展 语料 单词 open-mouthed adj．目瞪口呆的；whisper v．耳语，低语；yawn v．打哈欠；tight-lipped adj．守口如瓶的；缄口不语的
语块 mouth drops/hangs wide open 张大嘴巴；widen one's mouth 咧开嘴；cup/cover one's mouth 捂住某人的嘴；down in the mouth闷闷不乐，沮丧；one's heart in one's mouth 提心吊胆；lick one's lips 舔嘴唇；purse one's lips噘嘴；bite one's lip忍住话，抑制情感流露
句型 1．She froze，her mouth hanging open．(独立主格结构) 她呆住了，张着嘴。 2．Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress． 疼痛和悲伤让她嘴巴发僵。 3．He straightened up and looked at me，open-mouthed/his mouth dropping open in surprise．(分词短语作状语) 他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。 4．With a smile playing around his mouth，he recalled the happy past days．(with复合结构) 嘴角挂着微笑，他回忆起过去的快乐时光。 5．A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease/putting us at ease． 她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。 6．My mouth started watering when I smelled the food． 闻到食物的香味，我的嘴开始流口水了。 7．She bit her lower lip to keep it from trembling as tears ran/streamed/rolled down her cheeks． 她咬着下唇不让它颤抖，泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。
语料运用
①当我第一次作为大学讲师演讲时，我感到非常痛苦和焦虑，喉咙发紧，嘴发干。(the first time 引导时间状语从句；独立主格结构)
The first time I delivered a lecture as a university lecturer，I felt extremely painful and anxious，my throat tight and my mouth dry．
②然后，我赶紧清了清嗓子，舔了舔嘴唇，希望台下的观众没有注意到我的不安。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Then，I quickly cleared my throat and licked my lips，hoping audience off the stage didn't notice my uneasiness．
③有些学生直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我，这又一次让我差点放弃了。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
Some students straightened up and looked at me open-mouthed/their mouth dropping open in surprise，which again made me almost give up．
④我对自己很失望，努力做了几次深呼吸，回忆一些快乐的场景，让自己平静下来。(形容词短语作状语)
Disappointed with myself，I managed to take a few deep breaths and calm down by recalling some happy scenes．
⑤最终，我的嘴角露出一抹微弱的笑意，我可以控制我的情绪和我的第一节课了。
Finally，a weak smile began to dance around the corners of my mouth and I could take control of my emotion as well as my first class．
课时数智作业(二十三)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
The Duke of Edinburgh's Award has picked some activities to help build confidence，independence and adaptability among youngsters．
Set yourself a physical challenge
Learn survival skills at Sani Resort on Greece's Halkidiki coast．The activity is sponsored by the Bear Grylls Survival Academy．Lessons include ways of hiding outdoors，seeking routes，building boats and finding food in the wild．
Price：￡33.50 per day，per person．
Spend time in nature
Head to Ecuador's Mashpi Lodge to experience about 6，200 acres of cloud forest in an excellent reserve of this country，flying through the treetops on the Sky Bike and Dragonfly Canopy Gondola．The tour is guided by Mashpi's team of local naturalist guides．
Price：￡1，030 per room per night，including transfers (换乘) from Quito and all meals and guided activities within the reserve．Out-of-Ecuador tourists need to pay for flying．
Travel somewhere new
It can be particularly rewarding for young people when they step out of their comfort zone．There's nowhere better than the wilds of South Africa．Scott Dunn's teen programme offers an African adventure with two unforgettable experiences to observe wild animals，including a trip to Marakele National Park．
Price：￡6，000 a person．
Experience a digital detox (脱瘾治疗)
Join Metropolitan Touring's journey to the Galápagos Islands．Twin it with a digital switch-off，book day trips with expert guides，and travel around the active Sierra Negra volcano．Activities include heading to Santa Cruz Island on the hotel's boat，diving and surfing．
Price：￡2，730 per person，double occupancy，including all accommodation，return inter-island flights，tours and meals．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个帮助青少年建立自信、增强独立性以及提高适应能力的旅行项目。
1．What is excluded from the charge for the travel to Mashpi Lodge？( )
A．International flights．
B．Changes of vehicles．
C．Touring in the reserve．
D．Diets during the travel．
A [细节理解题。根据题干中的Mashpi Lodge可定位到Spend time in nature部分。根据该部分中的“Out-of-Ecuador tourists need to pay for flying．”可知，国际航班的费用不包括在Mashpi Lodge的旅行费用之内。故选A。]
2．Which activity is most attractive to wild creature lovers？( )
A．Spend time in nature．
B．Travel somewhere new．
C．Experience a digital detox．
D．Set yourself a physical challenge．
B [细节理解题。根据Travel somewhere new部分中的“Scott Dunn's teen programme offers an African adventure with two unforgettable experiences to observe wild animals，including a trip to Marakele National Park．”可知，Travel somewhere new 活动对野生动物爱好者最具吸引力。故选B。]
3．What can tourists do during Metropolitan Touring's journey？( )
A．Enjoy a flexible tour．
B．Use special digital devices．
C．Learn some survival skills．
D．Experience water sports．
D [细节理解题。根据题干中的 Metropolitan Touring's journey可定位到Experience a digital detox部分。根据该部分中的“Activities include heading to Santa Cruz Island on the hotel's boat，diving and surfing．”可知，游客可以体验一些水上运动。故选D。]
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·山东济南模拟)
On Mondays，two of my children get ready for school in an unusual way．Each packs plenty of food and water，a pair of rubber boots and sometimes a cup of hot chocolate．Then，I drop them off at a nearby park where they spend the entire day outside at a certified forest school．
When I first let them sign up for the forest school program，I loved the idea，but as a mum，I was concerned about a few things：Would they be comfortable outside for that long Would they stay engaged for that many hours Then I asked them if time ever seemed to move slowly．They stared at me in confusion．They didn't understand my question，which fittingly removed my concern．
In this program，kids direct their own play，climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake．They are never told their play is too high or too sharp，but are rather trusted to self-adjust．Something else my sons appreciate about the forest school is not being told to move on to the next activity，but being left to stay in a particular spot for as long as their curiosity allows．
“What about all the things they're missing in real schools？”concerned parents have asked me．Neither of their classroom teachers thinks it's a problem，but most significantly，my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach．They are learning to sit silently and observe nature up close—a skill that's virtually impossible to develop in a noisy and overcrowded classroom setting．They are making social connections across a broader range of age groups．They cooperate together，using their different sizes and strengths to fulfill various roles within their games．
I appreciate it that the forest school is shaping my boys' relationship with the outdoors．They're learning how to spend extended periods of time in nature，what to do to pass the time，and developing knowledge that will get them much closer to nature in the coming decades．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的两个儿子在森林学校项目中的收获以及该项目的好处。
4．What is special about the forest school program？( )
A．Teachers engage in kids' play．
B．Kids play and learn outdoors．
C．It focuses on nature protection．
D．It offers various food and drinks．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In this program，kids direct their own play，climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake．”和第四段中的“my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach．．．nature up close”可知，在森林学校项目中，孩子们可以在户外玩耍，也可以在户外学习不同的技能。故选B。]
5．How did the author feel about kids' reaction to her question？( )
A．Awkward． B．Concerned．
C．Relieved． D．Proud．
C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They stared at me in confusion．They didn't understand my question，which fittingly removed my concern．”可知，孩子们困惑地看着作者，他们没弄明白作者的问题，这让作者消除了自己的担心，由此可以推断，孩子们对作者的问题的反应让作者感到很放心。故选C。]
6．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about？( )
A．The concerns caused by the program．
B．The benefits gained from role-play．
C．The skills acquired by children．
D．The games loved by teachers．
C [段落大意题。根据第四段中的“but most significantly，my kids are learning new and different skills．．．They are learning．．．They are making social connections．．．They cooperate together．．．”可知，本段主要讲到了孩子们从森林学校项目中学到的技能。故选C。]
7．What can be a suitable title for the text？( )
A．Nature：A Wonderland for the Young
B．The Forest School Program Proves a Hit
C．Parks Are Replacing Traditional Schools
D．Forest School：A Fine Place for My Kids
D [标题归纳题。根据本文内容尤其是最后一段中的“I appreciate it that the forest school is shaping my boys' relationship with the outdoors．They're learning．．．”可知，本文主要讲述了作者的两个儿子参加森林学校项目的故事和这个项目带来的好处，故D项“森林学校：我孩子的好去处”最适合作本文的标题。故选D。]
C 篇(限时7分钟)
Can happiness be obtained—by learning about it in school The University of Bristol's Science of Happiness course，which launched in 2018，is helping answer that question．Not your typical college class，the innovative course features absolutely no tests or work．Instead it focuses on teaching students what the latest studies in psychology suggest really makes people happy．Now，the research team behind that class has released a new study reporting it really is possible to learn how to be happy．
Thanks to their course，researchers had already established that teaching students about the latest scientific studies focusing on happiness results in a notable improvement in well-being．During this latest project，they took things a step further．Their work shows that increases in well-being among students are ultimately short-lived—unless individuals practice what's been taught during the course for ages．
“It's like going to the gym—we can't expect to do one class and be fit forever．Just as with physical health，we have to continuously work on our mental health，otherwise the improvements are temporary，” explains senior study author Professor Bruce Hood．Students who took the happiness course reported a 10 to 15 percent improvement in well-being．However，only those who continued practicing what they learned during the course reported sustained improved well-being upon being surveyed again two years later．This project is the first ever to track the well-being of students who had taken a happiness course long after the class ended．
“To gain more information about happiness，we'll continue studying．What we teach is related to positive psychology interventions (干预) that take your attention away from yourself，by helping others，being with friends，or thankfulness，” Prof．Hood said．“This is the opposite of the current principle，but countless studies have shown that getting out of our own heads helps get us away from negative thinking．”
Prof．Hood has turned the course into a new book．The Science of Happiness：Seven Lessons for Living Well details an evidence-informed road map to better well-being．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。布里斯托尔大学于2018年推出了幸福科学课程。这门课程背后的研究小组发布了一项新的研究报告称：我们可以学习如何变得快乐。
8．What do we know about Science of Happiness course？( )
A．It's an analysis of students' exams．
B．It's a research platform for the team．
C．It's the team's theoretical foundation．
D．It's the collection of research processes．
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Now，the research team behind that class has released a new study reporting it really is possible to learn how to be happy．”以及第三段中的“This project is the first ever to track the well-being of students who had taken a happiness course long after the class ended．”可知，这门课程为这个研究小组提供了研究平台。故选B。]
9．Why does Prof．Hood mention “the gym” in paragraph 3？( )
A．To offer a solution．
B．To make a prediction．
C．To illustrate an idea．
D．To raise a question．
C [推理判断题。根据第二段可知，他们的研究表明，学生幸福感的提高最终是短暂的，除非个人长期使用课程中所教授的内容；再根据第三段中的“It's like going to the gym—we can't expect to do one class and be fit forever．”可推知，霍德教授提到the gym是在举例说明：要学习如何变得快乐，必须要坚持长期实践该课程所学的内容，这就像去健身房一样，不能指望上一堂课就能永远保持健康。故选C。]
10．Which of the following belongs to the current principle？( )
A．Talking to strangers．
B．Giving gifts to others．
C．Spending money on oneself．
D．Walking in nature with friends．
C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“What we teach is related to positive psychology interventions that take your attention away from yourself，by helping others，being with friends，or thankfulness”以及“This is the opposite of the current principle，but countless studies have shown that getting out of our own heads helps get us away from negative thinking．”可知，“the current principle”关注的是“自我”，这容易造成负面思维，而幸福科学课程关注的是“与他人交往”，因此推断“给自己花钱”属于“the current principle”。故选C。]
11．What's the author's purpose of writing the text？( )
A．To assess a new way to study happiness．
B．To show a new study result on happiness．
C．To comment on a book about happiness．
D．To stress the need of gaining happiness．
B [写作意图题。通读全文和第一段中的“Now，the research team behind that class has released a new study reporting it really is possible to learn how to be happy．”可知，本文主要介绍了幸福科学课程背后的研究团队对幸福快乐进行研究所得到的成果：我们可以学会快乐，同时，我们要持续实践课程所教的方法，比如帮助他人，感恩他人等，这种快乐才能长久。因此推断作者的写作目的是展示一项关于幸福的新的研究结果。故选B。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2025·广东六校联考)
Volunteering has been a way of life for me for the past five years since I was fifteen．
In 2020，I 1 with a newly founded social enterprise，which conducted cooking lessons for visually impaired (受损的) trainee 2 ．I absolutely loved it as it involved meaningful 3 with people and I was fully 4 throughout the entire time I was there．This was unlike some other types of volunteering，which may involve mostly behind-the-scenes work that can get 5 after a while．
We called ourselves “sighted assistants” and each of us was 6 with a visually impaired trainee chef．As a volunteer，I would walk with the trainee to the Enabling Village 7 ，and then ensure their 8 as they learned to cook a new dish．This included helping them 9 the position of the sink，ensuring proper use of electrical appliances， 10 boiling and hot objects，as well as being careful with knives among other things．
Being there with them made me truly 11 how difficult life can be when you are 12 or completely blind．Every tiny task 13 massive effort．There are so many people with 14 ，I realised．While medicine still does not have the power to cure all of these conditions，we are never short of ways to empower these individuals by making life 15 and more meaningful for them．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者曾作为志愿者帮助有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪，这样的经历使作者领悟到一些道理。
( )1．A．met B．cooperated
C．started D．volunteered
D [根据第一段的内容可知，在2020年，作者自愿(volunteered)加入一家新成立的社会企业，该企业为有视觉障碍的见习厨师提供烹饪课程。]
( )2．A．managers B．volunteers
C．chefs D．doctors
C [根据下文中的“a visually impaired trainee chef”可知，此处应选C项。chef“厨师”。]
( )3．A．interaction B．appointment
C．greeting D．conflict
A [根据下文中的“with people”及语境可知，此处表示的是和人们之间的互动(interaction)。]
( )4．A．confused B．engaged
C．surprised D．disturbed
B [根据语境可知，作者全程应是忙着的(engaged)。]
( )5．A．promising B．frightening
C．challenging D．boring
D [根据常识可知，幕后工作应是很快就变得无聊(boring)了。]
( )6．A．faced B．compared
C．paired D．equipped
C [根据上文中的“We called ourselves ‘sighted assistants’”可知，作者作为助手应是为有视觉障碍的见习厨师提供帮助，即每个人都匹配了一名厨师。]
( )7．A．lesson B．enterprise
C．room D．kitchen
D [根据常识可知，作者帮助有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪，此处应该表示去厨房。]
( )8．A．satisfaction B．safety
C．pleasure D．success
B [根据下文中的“This included helping．．．among other things．”可知，当有视觉障碍的见习厨师烹饪时，他们会遇到很多问题，而志愿者在身边会确保他们的安全(safety)。]
( )9．A．leave out B．miss out
C．figure out D．point out
C [根据下文中的“the position of the sink”及语境可知，此处表示弄清楚(figure out)洗碗槽的位置。]
( )10．A．avoiding B．touching
C．approaching D．feeling
A [根据下文中的“boiling and hot objects”及常识可知，应是避免(avoiding)接触沸腾和热的物体。]
( )11．A．appreciate B．imagine
C．predict D．think
A [根据下文中的“how difficult life can be when you are ________ or completely blind”及常识可知，作者通过此次志愿者的经历理解了视觉障碍者生活的艰难。]
( )12．A．temporarily B．partly
C．accidentally D．originally
B [根据下文中表示选择关系的“or”可知，和他们在一起让作者真正体会到当部分(partly)或完全失明时，生活会多么艰难。]
( )13．A．simplifies B．causes
C．takes D．offers
C [根据上文中的“how difficult life can be when you are ________ or completely blind”及语境可知，失明使生活不容易，因此生活中的每一个小任务都需要花费(takes)巨大的努力。]
( )14．A．disabilities B．difficulties
C．determination D．power
A [根据文章内容可知，作者意识到有很多残疾人。]
( )15．A．luckier B．tougher
C．happier D．easier
D [此处与上文中的“how difficult life can be”相呼应，作者认为我们不缺少方法让这些人的生活变得更容易(easier)。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔模拟)
数字时代的到来，我们的课堂也将随之改变。假如你是李华，你校英文报举办主题为“我理想中的教室”征文活动，请你写一篇短文参加此次活动。要点如下：
1．简述你理想中的课堂；
2．如何实现。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：digital age数字时代；be equipped with配备有；promote提升；whiteboard白板
My Ideal Classroom
【参考范文】
My Ideal Classroom
In the digital age，my ideal classroom is a blend of traditional learning and modern technology．It's a space equipped with smart whiteboards，allowing instant access to a wealth of online educational resources．This set-up promotes interactive learning，making lessons more engaging and fun．
To achieve this，our school can invest in upgrading classrooms with the latest technology and provide training for teachers to effectively use these tools．Additionally，incorporating personalized learning software can tailor education to each student's needs，further enhancing the learning experience．
My vision is a classroom that embraces the digital age，fostering creativity，collaboration，and a deeper understanding of the subject matter．
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