05 母题必读 2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一英语考试(新高考Ⅰ卷)（真题解读）

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考Ⅰ卷)
第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节　阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
　　　主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——自行车租赁骑行。
内容梗概：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了MacBike公司的自行车租赁和有导游的观光业务。
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike．You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights．You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam．
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for over 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam．With over 2，500 bikes stored at our five rental shops in strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you．We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车)，bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes．
Prices
Hand Brake，Three Gears Foot Brake，No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5 hour tour covers the De Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more．The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day．You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online．
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之间接信息。 1．What is an advantage of MacBike？ A．It gives children a discount． B．It offers many types of bikes． C．It organizes free cycle tours． D．It has over 2，500 rental shops． 【命题风格——同义转换】　选项B正确。根据第二段尾句“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety．．．with child seats，and children's bikes．”可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。其中“the newest bicycles in a wide variety”对应B选项中的“many types of bikes”。 【命题风格——无中生有】　选项A错误，原文没有提及孩子的费用折扣。 【命题风格——曲解文意】　选项C、D错误。原文“Guided City Tours”并非选项C中的“free cycle tours”；原文“over 2，500 bikes”并非选项D中的“2，500 rental shops”。
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。 2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？ A．15.75．　　　 B．19.50． C．22.75． D．29.50． 【命题风格——加减计算】　选项C正确。根据Prices部分所列表格的内容可知，带手刹的三挡自行车的日租金为14.75欧元，每多一天收8欧元，故租两天为22.75欧元。 【命题风格——曲解文意】　选项A是Foot Brake，No Gears类型两日的租金；B项和D项在计算两天费用时没有考虑到表格中的Each additional day。
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。 3．Where does the guided city tour start？ A．The De Gooyer Windmill． B．The Skinny Bridge． C．Heineken Brewery． D．Dam Square． 【命题风格——同义转换】　选项D正确。根据尾段倒数第二句“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour，starting at 1：00 pm every day．”可知，有导游的城市观光每天下午一点开始，每小时整点从 Dam Square出发。其中start和原文中depart为同义转换。 【命题风格——曲解文意】　选项A、B、C错误。这三项在原文中为骑行经过的地方，而非开始的地方。
　　　主题语境——人与自然。文本题材——保护环境和生态设计。
内容梗概：本文是一篇记叙文。John Todd 从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明了“生态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。
When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems．A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived．When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making．
After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions．Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals？With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did．He decided to build what he would later call an eco machine．
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥)．First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other．Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals．He placed them in the tanks and waited．Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem．After a few weeks，John added the sludge．
He was amazed at the results．The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it！Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water．
Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs．He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington．He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China．
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does．“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says．“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening．Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair．”
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之逻辑推断。 【命题风格——总结归纳】　选项C正确。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems”和“When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making．”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions．”以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出，John 是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人。
4．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？ A．He was fond of traveling． B．He enjoyed being alone． C．He had an inquiring mind． D．He longed to be a doctor． 【命题风格——曲解文意】　选项A中的“traveling”并不同于原文的“explore the woods around his house”。 【命题风格——无中生有】　选项B中的“being alone”和选项D中的“doctor”未在原文提及。
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之逻辑推断。 5．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？ A．To feed the animals． B．To build an ecosystem． C．To protect the plants． D．To test the eco machine． 【命题风格——分析推断】　选项D正确。根据第三段中的“The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge．．．placed them in the tanks”可知，John 修建水箱是为了清理污泥中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的“all that was left was pure water”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，John 在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果。 【命题风格——曲解文意】　选项A是对原文“took the sludge as food”的误解；选项B是其中一个步骤，而不是最终目的。 【命题风格——无中生有】　选项C未在原文提及。
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之归纳总结。 6．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？ A．To review John's research plans． B．To show an application of John's idea． C．To compare John's different jobs． D．To erase doubts about John's invention． 【命题风格——归纳总结】　选项B正确。上文讲到了 John 的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs．”可知，多年来，John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用。 【命题风格——曲解文意】　选项A中的“review(评论)”未在文中体现；文中提到的两个具体例子并非为了“比较(compare)”，而是为了证实。 【命题风格——无中生有】　选项D原文没有提及人们对其发明的疑虑。
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之逻辑推断。 7．What is the basis for John's work？ A．Nature can repair itself． B．Organisms need water to survive． C．Life on Earth is diverse． D．Most tiny creatures live in groups． 【命题风格——逻辑分析】　选项A正确。文章主要围绕 John的疑问“A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived．．．if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making．”展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱呢？ 正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了“生态设计”，因此，John 发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair．”也印证了 John 的工作依据就在于“自我修复”这一理念。 【命题风格——无中生有】　选项B中的“need water to survive”，选项C中的“diverse”，选项D中的“in groups”均未在原文中体现。
　　　主题语境——人与自我。文本题材——数字极简主义。
内容梗概：本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了一本书，该书解释了何为数字极简主义并提供了实现极简主义的生活方式。
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you．
To do so，I divided the book into two parts．In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy．
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter．This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days．At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value．
In the final chapter of part one，I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter．In doing so，I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter．You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid．
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle．In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use．Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices，which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter．You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances．
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。 8．What is the book aimed at？ A．Teaching critical thinking skills． B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle． C．Solving philosophical problems． D．Promoting the use of a digital device． 【命题风格——同义转换】　选项B正确。根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism”和第二段中的“digital lives”以及最后一段中的“a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle”可知，本书旨在倡导一种简单的数字生活方式。题干中“is the book aimed at”对应原文首句的“The goal of this book is”。 【命题风格——无中生有】　选项A中的“thinking skills”在原文没有提及。 【命题风格——曲解文意】　选项C中的“philosophical”是对原文“adopting this philosophy”的曲解；选项D则是对原文“mindless device use”的曲解。
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查词汇猜测之单词词义。 9．What does the underlined word“declutter” in paragraph 3 mean？ A．Clear up．　　 B．Add on． C．Check in． D．Take over． 【命题风格——同义转换】　选项A 正确。根据画线词后面的“step away from(远离，不接近)”可知，画线词应表示“戒除，没有”，clear up(清除；清理)含义与画线词含义相近。 【命题风格——无中生有】　选项B、C、D无此意义。
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之分析归纳。 10．What is presented in the final chapter of part one？ A．Theoretical models． B．Statistical methods． C．Practical examples． D．Historical analyses． 【命题风格——分析归纳】　选项C正确。根据第四段中的“In doing so，I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018．．．”以及“You'll hear these participants' stories”可知，第一部分的最后一章都是作者提供的自己实测中真实的例子。 【命题风格——无中生有】　选项A、D原文均没有提及。 【命题风格——曲解文意】　选项B则是对原文实例中所列数字的曲解。
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之逻辑推断。 11．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two？ A．Use them as needed． B．Recommend them to friends． C．Evaluate their effects． D．Identify the ideas behind them． 【命题风格——逻辑推断】　选项A 正确。根据最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances．”可知，作者建议读者把这些方法当成帮助自己实现极简主义生活方式的工具，即在需要的时候使用这些方法。 【命题风格——无中生有】　选项B、C、D在原文中没有提及。
　　　主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——群体智慧效应。
内容梗概：本文是一篇议论文。作者从几个角度探讨群体智慧效应，指出小群体讨论的平均结果比独立个人思考的平均结果更准确。
On March 7，1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect．The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate．
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same．Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate．When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate．If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out．In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent．If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down．
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon．The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals．For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals．
In a follow up study with 100 university students，the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion．Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time，but it wasn't the dominant response．Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”．Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error．
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous．
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查主旨大意之段落大意。 12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？ A．The methods of estimation． B．The underlying logic of the effect． C．The causes of people's errors． D．The design of Galton's experiment． 【命题风格——归纳总结】　选项B正确。通读第二段内容可知，本段解释了群体智慧效应是如何产生的，即“群体智慧”效应的底层逻辑。 【命题风格——无中生有】　选项A中的“methods”，选项C中的“causes”以及选项D中的“design”在原文中均未提及。
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之间接信息。 13．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ． A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent 【命题风格——同义转换】　选项D正确。根据第三段中的“．．．when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion，the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals．”可知，团队成员分成小组讨论后所得的估计均值(非完全独立)会高于相同数量的完全独立的个人猜测的均值。其中“that were allowed to have a discussion”对应选项D中的“were not fully independent”。 【命题风格——曲解文意】　选项A中的“relatively small”不能完整表达原文“smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion”的意义。选项B中的“underestimates”不是在Navajas的研究中提到的，而是在Francis Galton的研究中提及。C项内容则和原文的“have a discussion”相反。
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之间接信息。 14．What did the follow up study focus on？ A．The size of the groups． B．The dominant members． C．The discussion process． D．The individual estimates． 【命题风格——同义替换】　选项C正确。根据第四段首句“In a follow up study with 100 university students，the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion．”可知，在随后对100名大学生的研究中，研究人员重点关注的是小组成员在讨论过程中的行为表现。选项C对应原文中的“what the group members actually did in their discussion”。 【命题风格——无中生有】　选项A并非是在接下来的研究中关注的内容；选项D则是在最初Galton的研究中的内容。 【命题风格——曲解文意】　选项B是对原文“but it wasn't the dominant response”的曲解。
[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之观点态度题。 15．What is the author's attitude towards Navajas' studies？ A．Unclear．　　 B．Dismissive． C．Doubtful． D．Approving． 【命题风格——总结归纳】　选项D 正确。最后一段作者说，“虽然 Navajas的研究有局限性，但是从他的研究看，团队讨论和作决定的潜在影响是巨大的。”由此判断作者对 Navajas 的研究持支持态度。 【命题风格——曲解文意】　选项A、B、C无法从原文中推导出。
第二节　阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　　主题语境——人与自我。文本题材——自我宽恕。
内容梗概：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自我宽恕的一些具体方法，包括罗列个人优点、列举自己帮助别人的事迹和让别人帮你指出优点。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them．To err (犯错) is human． 16 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this．
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths．” 17 Are you caring？Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around？They don't have to be world changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of．
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness．” On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others．It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day． 18
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list． 19 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through．In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self confidence at any time．
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes．The thing is, it's true． 20 We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow．
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way．
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself．
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise．
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness．
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it．
F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down．
G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality．
16．[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查过渡句的选用。
【命题风格——段中设空】　答案为D。本文的主题是自我宽恕，空前两句和空后一句都没有提到 forgiveness，再结合空后的“help you do this” 和下文的内容可知，空处一定会提到 forgiveness 及它的重要性。
17．[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查过渡句的选用。
【命题风格——段中设空】　答案为B。根据空前的“Personal strengths”和空后的例子可知，B项“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself．(现在列出所有你喜欢的关于你自己的特点)”承上启下，符合逻辑。
18．[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查段落结束句。
【命题风格——段末设空】　答案为F。空前讲述了列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情，F项“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down．(不管是什么事，不管它看起来可能有多小，把它写下来)”总结上文，符合逻辑。
19．[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查句间过渡句。
【命题风格——段中设空】　答案为C。空前讲述了你可以让朋友或家人帮你往列表添加东西，C项“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise．(他们甚至可能愿意尝试这样做)”承接上文。C项中的“They”指代前面的“a friend or family member”。
20．[命题角度]　文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查过渡句的选用。
【命题风格——段中设空】　答案为G。根据空后的内容可知，我们都在改变并一直在学习。G 项中的“it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后的“We're all changing”形成对比。
第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节　完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
　　　主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——舍弃自我利益帮助别人。
内容梗概：本文是一篇记叙文。Bailey在10月11日的越野赛中因为帮助一个对手而耽搁了到达终点的时间。虽然两人都没有赢得比赛，但人性善良的展示赢得了最终胜利。
On Oct．11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race in Minnesota．Melanie Bailey should have 21 the course earlier than she did．Her 22 came because she was carrying a 23 across the finish line．
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two thirds of the way through her 24 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain．She 25 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue．Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 26 ．She couldn't．Bailey then 27 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 28 attention．
Once there, Lenoue was 29 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees．She would have struggled with extreme 30 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help．
As for Bailey, she is more 31 about why her act is considered a big 32 ．“She was just crying．I couldn't 33 her，” Bailey told the reporter．“I feel like I was just doing the right thing．”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 34 ， they've since become friends．Neither won the race, but the 35 of human kindness won the day．
21．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】　答案为D。根据上文提到的成百上千的选手在越野赛中竞争可知，Bailey 参加了比赛。根据下文的“earlier than she did”以及“across the finish line”可知，此处指 Bailey本应该要早一点完成(finished)比赛的。should have finished．．．意思是“本应该完成……”。
22．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】　答案为A。根据“because she was carrying a across the finish line”以及下文的描述可知，Bailey 因为帮助竞争对手而耽搁(delay)了。
23．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】　答案为D。根据第二段的“when a runner．．．”以及“Bailey then to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line”可知，Bailey背着她的竞争对手(competitor)通过了终点线。
24．A．race B．school C．town D．training [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查句内层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】　答案为A。根据句中的“more than two thirds of the way”以及“a runner in front of her”可知，此处指她的比赛(race)。
25．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】　答案为C。根据下文的“Bailey took her arm to see．．．”以及“to help her fellow runner”可知，此处指 Bailey停下来(stopped)去帮助她的竞争对手。
26．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查句内层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】　答案为B。根据上文的“Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward”可知，此处指 Bailey抓着Lenoue的胳膊想看看在她的帮助(aid)下 Lenoue 是不是可以向前走。
27．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查句内层次题。 【命题风格——动词词组辨析】　答案为D。根据下文的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line”可知，此处是指 Bailey 弯腰(bent down)让Lenoue 爬到她的背上。
28．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——形容词词义辨析】　答案为A。根据下文的“Once there，Lenoue was and later taken to a hospital”以及“that aid checkpoint”可知，Bailey 把 Lenoue 背到一个她可以得到医疗护理(medical attention)的地方。
29．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查句内层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】　答案为B。根据“later taken to a hospital” 可知，Lenoue 在这里先接受评估(assessed)，然后被送往医院。
30．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】　答案为B。根据上文的“crying in pain”以及“she had serious injuries in one of her knees”可知，如果没有 Bailey 的帮助，Lenoue 会在极度疼痛(pain)中挣扎着到达那个医疗检查点。
31．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——形容词词义辨析】　答案为C。根据下文的“why her act is considered a big ”以及“I feel．．．the right thing．”可知，Bailey对于“为什么自己的行为被认为了不起”感到疑惑(confused)，她觉得自己只是做了该做的事情。
32．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——词组搭配辨析】　答案为D。根据上下文可知，记者报道了这件事情，觉得这很了不起(a big deal)，但Bailey对此有些疑惑。
33．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】　答案为A。根据上文的“to help her fellow runner”以及“She was just crying．”可知，这里是指 Bailey不能丢下(leave)她。
34．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】　答案为C。根据上文可知她们都在参加比赛，而且在这次体育比赛(meet)之前是不认识的。
35．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange [命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】　答案为B。根据全文的描述可知，这里指的是人性善良的展示(display)赢得了最终胜利。
第二节　语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　　主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——中国美食小笼包。
内容梗概：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国特色小吃小笼包，包括其吃法、发源地等。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，36． (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food．The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot．To eat one, you have to decide whether 37． (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), 38． to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头)．
Shanghai may be the 39． (recognize) home of the soup dumplings, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace．There, you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed 40． hand rather than rolled．
Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 41． (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 42． (they) contents．The meat should be fresh with 43． touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious．
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 44． (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 45． (want) more next time．
36．[命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查形容词。
【命题风格——有提示词】　答案为tasty。空处与空前的形容词 hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故空处填形容词 tasty。
37．[命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查非谓语动词。
【命题风格——有提示词】　答案为to bite。此处考查“whether＋不定式”结构，空处与下文的“to put”是并列关系。
38．[命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查连词。
【命题风格——无提示词】　答案为or。此处考查whether．．．or．．．固定搭配，意为“是……还是……”，表示选择。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你必须决定是先冒着汤汁溢出来的风险把小笼包咬个小口，把热气释放出来，还是把整个包子塞进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。
39．[命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查非谓语动词。
【命题风格——有提示词】　答案为recognized。此处表示“得到认可的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与 home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词 recognized。
40．[命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查介词。
【命题风格——无提示词】　答案为by。by hand“用手”，是固定搭配。
41．[命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查非谓语动词。
【命题风格——有提示词】　答案为to be lifted。空前的 them 指代上文的 xiao long bao，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”。them 与 lift 是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成 allow sth．to be done 结构，意为“允许某事被做”，故空处填 to be lifted。
42．[命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查代词。
【命题风格——有提示词】　答案为their。此处用形容词性物主代词their 作定语，修饰空后的名词 contents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。
43．[命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查冠词。
【命题风格——无提示词】　答案为a。此处a touch of“少许，微量”，是固定搭配。句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味；汤汁要热、清澈并且美味。注意and后面的并列分句省略了should be。
44．[命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查副词。
【命题风格——有提示词】　答案为rarely。此处 enough 为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely“几乎不”。
45．[命题角度]　知识的运用能力——考查非谓语动词。
【命题风格——有提示词】　答案为wanting。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“leave sb．doing sth．”结构，表示“使我想着下次多吃点”。
第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)
　　　主题语境——人与社会。文本体裁——应用文。
命题角度：知识的综合运用能力和创新思维能力——考查语言能力和交际能力。
假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．说明问题；
2．提出建议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[参考范文]　
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3．We're overwhelmed with excitement at the knowledge that an oral English class will be arranged for us．But learning that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral practice, I feel an urge to express my different voice, hoping that this wouldn't offend you．
To begin with, it couldn't be better if students with mixed levels of English could be grouped together deliberately rather than at random, so that we can help each other during our practice．Additionally, to ensure that our oral practice goes smoothly, I suggest that you put three to four students together, with one as the group leader, in which case we can communicate with each other at a great depth．
Should it be possible, I truly hope you can take my suggestions into consideration．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节　读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
　　　主题语境——人与自我。文本体裁——记叙文。
命题角度：知识的综合运用能力和创新思维能力——考查语言能力和交际能力。
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest．I said no without thinking．I did not love writing．My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language．Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts．No one laughed harder than he did．
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply：“Because I love your stories．If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this．” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try．
I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject．Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming．My story would come straight from the horse's mouth．Not a brilliant idea，but funny；and unlikely to be anyone else's choice．
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately．I got tired．I had doubts．I wanted to quit．But, like Revere's horse, I kept going．I worked hard．I checked my spelling．I asked my older sister to correct my grammar．I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library．I even read a few of them．
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great．Now, write it again．” I wrote it again, and again and again．When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing．If I didn't win, I wouldn't care．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news．
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation．
[参考范文]　
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news．I still remember it was a Monday morning in spring, when my teacher called me to his office, telling me that I had finished in first place in the writing contest, and that I was the only winner whose native language wasn't English．Dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride at his words, I simply stood there dumbfounded, and my feet, as if rooted to the ground, couldn't move a bit．The next day, I was presented with my award and a certificate at the ceremony．
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation．Giggling instantly with a broad smile spreading on his face，he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance．It was at that moment that a warm surge of streams washed through my body, and the image of the horse emerged in my mind, encouraging me to continue writing．Indeed, I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance, whatever difficulties might arise．
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