01 母题必读 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一英语考试(新高考Ⅰ卷)（真题解读）
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| 名称 | 01 母题必读 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一英语考试(新高考Ⅰ卷)（真题解读） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-06-26 16:59:26 | ||
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2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考Ⅰ卷)
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——栖息地恢复小组。
内容梗概：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的要求、时间等信息。
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge．We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting，and seed collection．Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys．
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance．Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form．
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome．Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15．
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form．Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed．
We'll be working rain or shine．Wear clothes that can get dirty．Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary．
Bring a personal water bottle，sunscreen，and lunch．
No experience necessary．Training and tools will be provided．Fulfills (满足) community service requirements．
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan．15 10：00 am－1：00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan．22 10：00 am－2：30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan．29 9：30 am－2：30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之间接信息。 1．What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team？ A．To discover mineral resources． B．To develop new wildlife parks． C．To protect the local ecosystem． D．To conduct biological research． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项C正确。根据第一段首句“Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge．”可知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地的生态系统。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A错误。原文没有提及“discover mineral resources (发现矿物资源)”。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项B错误。原文第一段提到的“explore beautiful park sites”并非选项B中的“develop new wildlife parks”。选项D错误。原文第一段中“conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting，and seed collection”指进行侵入性植物移除、冬季种植和种子采集，并非选项D中的“conduct biological research”。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。 2．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team？ A．5． B．10． C．15． D．18． 【命题风格——加减计算】 选项B正确。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第一段第一句可知，加入栖息地恢复小组的年龄下限是10岁。 【命题风格——张冠李戴】 选项A、C、D错误。选项A出现在GROUPS部分“Groups of five (五人小组)”；选项C出现在AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第一段第二句话；选项D出现在AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第二段第二句话。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。 3．What are the volunteers expected to do？ A．Bring their own tools． B．Work even in bad weather． C．Wear a team uniform． D．Do at least three projects． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项B正确。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第三段第一句话“We'll be working rain or shine．”可知，志愿者们将风雨无阻地工作。选项B中“Work even in bad weather．”和原文中的“working rain or shine”为同义转换。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项A错误。原文AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第五段第二句话“Training and tools will be provided．”指提供训练和工具，而非“Bring their own tools．(带上自己的工具。)”；选项C错误。原文AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第三段第二句话“Wear clothes that can get dirty．”而非“Wear a team uniform．”。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项D错误。原文中没有提及“Do at least three projects．”。
主题语境——人与自然。文本题材——兽医用针灸治疗动物。
内容梗概：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dr．William Farber在兽医界使用针灸和其他非传统治疗方法治疗动物的经历。
“I am not crazy，” says Dr．William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit．“I am ahead of my time．” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods．But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh．He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine．
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian．He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain．He tried muscle relaxing drugs but found little relief．Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments．What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients．So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets．
Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition．After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months．And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment．
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right：Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700．“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says．“I will do anything to help an animal．That's my job．”
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。 4．What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him？ A．He's odd． B．He's strict． C．He's brave． D．He's rude． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项A正确。根据第一段前三句话“‘I am not crazy，’．．．some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods．”可知，Farber的一些同事偶尔笑话他不同寻常的治疗动物的方法，同事们觉得他有些古怪。选项A中的“odd”和原文中“unusual”为同义转换。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项B、C、D中的“strict”“brave”“rude”不同于原文中的“unusual”。 [命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之归纳总结。
5．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets？ A．He was trained in it at university． B．He was inspired by another veterinarian． C．He benefited from it as a patient． D．He wanted to save money for pet owners． 【命题风格——总结归纳】 选项C正确。根据第二段中“He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain．．．Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments．What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients．”可知，20年前，Dr．William Farber用针灸治好了自己很严重的背痛。换句话说，他自己从针灸中受益，因此他决定在动物身上尝试。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A、B、D未在原文提及。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查主旨大意之段落大意。 6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment． B．The complexity of veterinarians' work． C．Examples of rare animal diseases． D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine． 【命题风格——归纳总结】 选项D正确。第三段提到了两个案例，分别是Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie在针灸治疗后病情缓解，以及Priscilla Dewing的马Nappy在按摩治疗后行动更自如。这说明了整体医学(holistic medicine)所取得的效果。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A“按摩治疗的步骤”、选项B“兽医工作的复杂性”和选项C“罕见动物疾病的例子”在第三段中都没有提到。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之逻辑推断。 7．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association？ A．To prove Farber's point． B．To emphasize its importance． C．To praise veterinarians． D．To advocate animal protection． 【命题风格——逻辑分析】 选项A正确。根据最后一段中“．．．Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700．”可知，作者利用数据来证明Dr．William Farber的观点，即整体医学将会越来越受欢迎。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项B“为了强调它的重要性”、选项C“为了赞扬兽医”和选项D“为了提倡动物保护”在文章中均未提到。
主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——纸质阅读和数字媒介阅读。
内容梗概：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”．The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content．
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen．A large amount of research confirms this finding．The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text．
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties．With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages．People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page．
But equally important is the mental aspect．Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”．According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print．
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person．However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces．
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查词汇猜测之短语意义。 8．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean？ A．Seem unlikely to last． B．Seem hard to explain． C．Become ready to use． D．Become easy to notice． 【命题风格——逻辑分析】 选项D正确。根据第二段第一句可知，当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上更成功。“shine through”表示“能够清晰地表现出来，容易注意到”。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项A“似乎不可能持续”、选项B“似乎很难解释”和选项C“准备使用”均不符合语境。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之间接信息。 9．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume？ A．Readers treat digital texts lightly． B．Digital texts are simpler to understand． C．People select digital texts randomly． D．Digital texts are suitable for social media． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项A 正确。第四段中“people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious”对应选项A“Readers treat digital texts lightly．”。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项B、C、D都是对第四段中“people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious”的曲解。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。
10．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers？ A．They can hold students' attention． B．They are more convenient to prepare． C．They help develop advanced skills． D．They are more informative than text． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项A正确。根据第五段第一句中“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies” 可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引人，因此大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。原文中“engaging”与选项A中“hold students' attention”属于同义转换。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项B、C、D在原文中均没有提及。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之逻辑推断。 11．What does the author imply in the last paragraph？ A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques． B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material． C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education． D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored． 【命题风格——逻辑推断】 选项C 正确。根据最后一段第二句“However，for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words．”可知，为了最大限度地提高需要注意力集中和反思的学习效果，教育者不应认为所有媒介都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的词语。作者暗示了在教育中，纸质化学习不能完全被替代，这也和全文的主旨大意相呼应。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A、B、D在原文中没有提及。
主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——生物样本多样性的记录。
内容梗概：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性的记录不够完美，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records．Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records．Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect．
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences．“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know：Are they usable？”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns．
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru．
Their study revealed that the large number of observation only records did not lead to better global coverage．Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species．This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby．These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye catching features．
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot，” Daru explained．“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled．To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image．”
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。 12．What do we know about the records of species collected now？ A．They are becoming outdated． B．They are mostly in electronic form． C．They are limited in number． D．They are used for public exhibition． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项B正确。根据第一段中“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records．”可知，今天，大多数生物样本多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式存在。这说明这些记录主要是电子形式的。选项B中“in electronic form”和原文中“in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records”为同义转换。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A、C、D在原文中均未提及。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之间接信息。 13．What does Daru's study focus on？ A．Threatened species． B．Physical specimens． C．Observational data． D．Mobile applications． 【命题风格——总结归纳】 选项C正确。根据第二段中Daru说的话可知，他的研究越来越多地使用观察数据来调查物种是如何对全球变化作出反应的。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A在原文中没有提及。 【命题风格——张冠李戴】 选项B、D两项在原文中虽然提到，但都不是Daru研究的重点。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之分析归纳。 14．What has led to the biases according to the study？ A．Mistakes in data analysis． B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures． C．Improper way of sampling． D．Unreliable data collection devices． 【命题风格——分析推断】 选项C正确。根据第四段中“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it”以及第五段可以推断出，导致偏差的原因在于采样方式不当。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项A是对第五段中“data are biased”的曲解。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项B、D在原文中没有提及。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之分析推断。 15．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps？ A．Review data from certain areas． B．Hire experts to check the records． C．Confirm the identity of the users． D．Give guidance to citizen scientists． 【命题风格——分析归纳】 选项D 正确。根据最后一段Daru的解释，生物多样性应用程序可以使用他们的研究结果来告知用户哪些区域被过度采样，并引导他们对那些采样不足的地方或物种进行采样。生物多样性应用程序也可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。这表明他的建议是为公民科学家提供指导。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项A是对最后一段中“inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species”的曲解；选项B和C是对最后一段中“encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image”的曲解。
第二节 阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
主题语境——人与自我。文本题材——使用词典的经验。
内容梗概：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
Not all great writers are great spellers．If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿)． 16 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly．
I keep two reference books close by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典)．I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker． 17 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers．I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus．
18 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical．It will also usually show how the word is pronounced．
In addition, I have an old two volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence．Of course, with its 2，672 pages, it's not exactly short．It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases． 19 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better．
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755．“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work，” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”． 20 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience．
A．I don't often use this dictionary．
B．It takes no account of the context．
C．But I still don't want to replace them．
D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read．
E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling．
F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes．
G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information．
16．[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查过渡句的使用。
【命题风格——段中设空】 答案为F。上文“If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript．(如果你想出版，提交一份完美、专业的手稿是至关重要的。)”，F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes．(这意味着语法好，没有拼写错误。)”对上文补充说明。结合下文“No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly．(没有一个编辑会容忍一个不努力把单词拼写正确的作家。)”，上下文连贯，符合逻辑。F选项中的“That”指代上文的内容。
17．[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查过渡句的选用。
【命题风格——段中设空】 答案为B。上文“I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker．”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器；下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers．(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词词典，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context．(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了作者不信任电子设备的原因，具有承上启下的作用。
18．[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查段落主题句。
【命题风格——段首设空】 答案为E。下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical．It will also usually show how the word is pronounced．(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了词典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling．(当然，词典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了词典的部分功能，E选项的内容可以和空格后面的内容构成一个并列、递进的逻辑关系。
19．[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查过渡句选用。
【命题风格——段中设空】 答案为A。下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better．(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了词典的使用情况，A选项“I don't often use this dictionary．(我不经常用这本词典。)”是对词典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。
20．[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查过渡句的选用。
【命题风格——段中设空】 答案为D。根据上文“To make dictionaries is dull work” 提到编词典是一件无聊的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience．(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”说明了浏览词典也是一种阅读的乐趣。D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read．(但是读一本词典是一种乐趣。)”是作者对词典的评价，和下文内容一致，另外与上文的“dull”形成对比，构成转折关系。D选项中的“But”对确定答案有引导作用。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
主题语境——人与自我。文本题材——设定适合自己的目标。
内容梗概：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在不同阶段受到别人成就的激励而从事不同运动的经历，并通过两个主要事件展现了作者在面对挑战时的心态变化以及他对个人目标的反思和理解。通过这些经历，作者的内心逐步走向成熟。
I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life．
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 21 a marathon race．Feeling motivated, I started running 22 ， but then two things happened．First, a girl I met one day told me she was 23 for a “super”， referring to a 52.4 mile double marathon．Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles．To be honest, I 24 it! Between the girl making my 25 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 26 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 27 cycling．I got a good bike and rode a lot．I 28 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister．While she was at work one day, I 29 her bike and went for a ride．The 30 ：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time．I'd never faced such 31 ．That day, I got 32 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads．When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 33 ．
I've 34 a lot since then．I've come to accept that whatever 35 I set for myself, they just have to be my own．
21．A．knew B．held C．won D．quit [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为C。根据上文“by other folks' achievements”以及下文“Feeling motivated, I started running (我受到激励，开始跑步)”，可推断出作者的邻居朋友赢得了(win)一次马拉松比赛，对作者有激励作用。
22．A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——副词词义辨析】 答案为A。作者有了动力，所以应是定期(regularly)跑步，符合语境。
23．A．asking B．looking C．waiting D．training [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为D。句意：一天，我遇到一个女孩，她告诉我她正在为一场“超级”双马拉松赛做训练。根据下文“referring to a 52.4 mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练(training)，符合语境。
24．A．made B．believed C．hated D．deserved [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为C。句意：说实话，我讨厌它！ 根据上文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles．”以及下文“Between the girl making my seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者跑的最长距离只有15 英里，和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。
25．A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】 答案为B。根据上文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles．”以及下文“seem small”可知，作者跑的最长距离只有15 英里，而女孩则在为52.4 英里做训练，所以作者的成绩(achievement)微不足道。
26．A．way B．risk C．place D．reason [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】 答案为D。根据上文“在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊……”以及下文“I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”可知，作者决定“再次跑步的唯一理由(reason)就是有一只大狗在追我”。
27．A．gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词组辨析】 答案为C。根据上文“I decided that the only I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”以及下文“I got a good bike and rode a lot．”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，转向(turn to)骑自行车。
28．A．heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为B。根据下文“of entering cycle races”并结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着(dream of)参加自行车比赛，符合语境。
29．A．painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为B。句意：一天，我借了她的自行车出去骑了一趟。根据上文“While she was at work one day”以及下文“went for a ride”可知，趁着姐姐去上班，作者借了她的自行车，然后去骑车。
30．A．problem B．secret C．principle D．advice [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】 答案为A。根据下文“I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time．I'd never faced such ”可知，作者将要一次骑上好几英里的上坡路，这对他来说是一个难题(problem)。
31．A．dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】 答案为D。根据上文“The ：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time．”可知，那里的道路穿过大山谷，作者将在那里一次骑行数英里的上坡路，这对他来说是一个从来没有面对过的挑战(challenge)。
32．A．passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为A。根据上文“I'd never faced such ．”可知作者从来没有过在上坡路上骑行好几英里的挑战；根据下文“by about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”可知当地的骑车人习惯了这样的道路，可推断出，那天作者被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了(pass)。
33．A．reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——形容词词义辨析】 答案为D。根据上文“That day, I got by about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads．”可知，作者那天骑行被大约100个当地人超过，所以当作者回到家里，突然觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了(appealing)。
34．A．traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为B。句意：从那以后，我成熟了很多。根据下文“I've come to accept that whatever I set for myself, they just have to be my own．(我已经开始接受，无论我为自己设定什么，它们都必须是我自己的。)”可知，作者的心理变得成熟了。
35．A．limits B．dates C．goals D．tests [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】 答案为C。根据全文的描述以及下文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，与首段中的“other folks' achievements”相呼应。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——英国“玻璃温室”。
内容梗概：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近建造了一个名为“玻璃温室”的美丽建筑，展示了古丝绸之路是如何影响英国的园林艺术的。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens．This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times．
The latest 36． (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 37． (function) structure that is also beautiful．The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝)．These sepals open on warm days 38． (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air．In cold weather, the structure stays 39． (close) to protect the plants．
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 40． (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 41． first time．These plants included modern Western 42． (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel．The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road．The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too．
The Glasshouse stands 43． a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 44． brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 45． (rich) of gardening in England．
36．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查词性转换。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为engineering。engineer作名词讲时，意为“工程师”；engineering是名词，意为“工程；工程学”，此处应用名词修饰名词，engineering techniques意为“工程技术”。故填engineering。
37．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查形容词。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为functional。设空处与空前的形容词 protective并列，修饰空后的名词structure，故设空处应填形容词 functional。
38．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查非谓语动词。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为to give。句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里打开，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。分析句子结构可知，本句主语为These sepals，谓语动词为open，动词不定式to give作目的状语。
39．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查形容词。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为closed。句意：在寒冷的天气里，为了保护植物，建筑物会保持关闭状态。分析句子结构可知，the structure是主语；stays是系动词，形容词closed作表语。
40．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查时态和主谓一致。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为walks。句意：此外，温室周围的丝绸之路花园带着游客走过了一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。根据句意可知，本句描述的是客观情况，时态用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知，本句的主语是the Silk Route Garden，谓语动词用单数，故填walks；宾语是visitors。注意：walk在本句中是及物动词，表示“护送……走”。
41．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查冠词。
【命题风格——无提示词】 答案为the。固定短语for the first time意为“第一次”。
42．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查名词复数。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为favourites。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受欢迎的植物，如迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。此处favourite是可数名词，表达“最喜欢的人或物”，根据such as后面列举的植物rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，这里favourite用复数形式。
43．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查介词。
【命题风格——无提示词】 答案为as。句意：玻璃温室是当代设计中的一项伟大成就。固定短语stand as意为“作为……而存在”。
44．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查关系代词。
【命题风格——无提示词】 答案为that/which。句意：玻璃温室是当代设计中的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，丝绸之路将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到这里，描绘出英国丰富的园艺。分析句子结构可知，先行词the Silk Route后面跟了一个that/which 引导的定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语。
45．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查词性转换。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为richness。定冠词后面应跟名词。rich的名词形式是richness。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
主题语境——人与社会。文本体裁——应用文。
命题角度：知识的综合运用能力和创新思维能力——考查语言能力和交际能力。
假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
1．你完成的作品；
2．你的感想。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Chris，
I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday．
Yours，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Chris，
I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday．
I chose to paint a landscape featuring a calm lake surrounded by vibrant flowers and solemn trees．The sunlight and the gentle breeze made the whole scene come to life．
It was incredibly inspiring to be surrounded by nature．I felt a sense of peace and relaxation while painting outdoors, which was a completely different experience from our traditional classroom setting．Overall, the exciting experience gives me a lot of fun．I really enjoy it and hope we can have more classes like this in the future．
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
主题语境——人与自我。文本体裁——记叙文。
命题角度：知识的综合运用能力和创新思维能力——考查语言能力和交际能力。
I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September．I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference．Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half．I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague．The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought．
That was when I met Gunter．I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station．I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused．When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend．After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car．
Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station．Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus．Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face．“We made it，” he said．
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet．I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard．He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along．A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out．
At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station．There, at the entrance, was a cash machine．I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message：“Out of order．Sorry．”
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news．
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised．
[参考范文]
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news．He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do．Giving him another apologetic smile, I asked him for a delay in payment and promised to call him and pay him back the money I owed him．To my surprise, Gunter wrote down his phone number without hesitation and gave it to me．“Just keep your promise, sir．” A feeling of gratitude washed over me．I gave him a firm handshake, jumped out of the car and made a mad dash for the bus and jumped onto it just before it left．
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised．We met at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before．As soon as I saw him, I gave him a big hug．I told him that thanks to his kindness and timely help, everything had gone smoothly．I paid him for the ride, along with a generous tip, but he declined．Before we parted that day, Gunter fished out his little phone and smiled，“Let's take a picture together, my friend！” This photo is still on my desk today, which serves as a reminder of trusting others and offering kindness．Every time I think of that cold, wet evening, a warm current still flows through my body．
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第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——栖息地恢复小组。
内容梗概：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的要求、时间等信息。
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge．We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting，and seed collection．Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys．
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance．Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form．
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome．Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15．
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form．Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed．
We'll be working rain or shine．Wear clothes that can get dirty．Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary．
Bring a personal water bottle，sunscreen，and lunch．
No experience necessary．Training and tools will be provided．Fulfills (满足) community service requirements．
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan．15 10：00 am－1：00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan．22 10：00 am－2：30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan．29 9：30 am－2：30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之间接信息。 1．What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team？ A．To discover mineral resources． B．To develop new wildlife parks． C．To protect the local ecosystem． D．To conduct biological research． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项C正确。根据第一段首句“Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge．”可知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地的生态系统。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A错误。原文没有提及“discover mineral resources (发现矿物资源)”。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项B错误。原文第一段提到的“explore beautiful park sites”并非选项B中的“develop new wildlife parks”。选项D错误。原文第一段中“conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting，and seed collection”指进行侵入性植物移除、冬季种植和种子采集，并非选项D中的“conduct biological research”。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。 2．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team？ A．5． B．10． C．15． D．18． 【命题风格——加减计算】 选项B正确。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第一段第一句可知，加入栖息地恢复小组的年龄下限是10岁。 【命题风格——张冠李戴】 选项A、C、D错误。选项A出现在GROUPS部分“Groups of five (五人小组)”；选项C出现在AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第一段第二句话；选项D出现在AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第二段第二句话。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。 3．What are the volunteers expected to do？ A．Bring their own tools． B．Work even in bad weather． C．Wear a team uniform． D．Do at least three projects． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项B正确。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第三段第一句话“We'll be working rain or shine．”可知，志愿者们将风雨无阻地工作。选项B中“Work even in bad weather．”和原文中的“working rain or shine”为同义转换。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项A错误。原文AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第五段第二句话“Training and tools will be provided．”指提供训练和工具，而非“Bring their own tools．(带上自己的工具。)”；选项C错误。原文AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分第三段第二句话“Wear clothes that can get dirty．”而非“Wear a team uniform．”。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项D错误。原文中没有提及“Do at least three projects．”。
主题语境——人与自然。文本题材——兽医用针灸治疗动物。
内容梗概：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dr．William Farber在兽医界使用针灸和其他非传统治疗方法治疗动物的经历。
“I am not crazy，” says Dr．William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit．“I am ahead of my time．” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods．But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh．He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine．
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian．He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain．He tried muscle relaxing drugs but found little relief．Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments．What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients．So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets．
Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition．After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months．And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment．
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right：Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700．“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says．“I will do anything to help an animal．That's my job．”
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。 4．What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him？ A．He's odd． B．He's strict． C．He's brave． D．He's rude． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项A正确。根据第一段前三句话“‘I am not crazy，’．．．some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods．”可知，Farber的一些同事偶尔笑话他不同寻常的治疗动物的方法，同事们觉得他有些古怪。选项A中的“odd”和原文中“unusual”为同义转换。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项B、C、D中的“strict”“brave”“rude”不同于原文中的“unusual”。 [命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之归纳总结。
5．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets？ A．He was trained in it at university． B．He was inspired by another veterinarian． C．He benefited from it as a patient． D．He wanted to save money for pet owners． 【命题风格——总结归纳】 选项C正确。根据第二段中“He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain．．．Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments．What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients．”可知，20年前，Dr．William Farber用针灸治好了自己很严重的背痛。换句话说，他自己从针灸中受益，因此他决定在动物身上尝试。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A、B、D未在原文提及。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查主旨大意之段落大意。 6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment． B．The complexity of veterinarians' work． C．Examples of rare animal diseases． D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine． 【命题风格——归纳总结】 选项D正确。第三段提到了两个案例，分别是Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie在针灸治疗后病情缓解，以及Priscilla Dewing的马Nappy在按摩治疗后行动更自如。这说明了整体医学(holistic medicine)所取得的效果。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A“按摩治疗的步骤”、选项B“兽医工作的复杂性”和选项C“罕见动物疾病的例子”在第三段中都没有提到。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之逻辑推断。 7．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association？ A．To prove Farber's point． B．To emphasize its importance． C．To praise veterinarians． D．To advocate animal protection． 【命题风格——逻辑分析】 选项A正确。根据最后一段中“．．．Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700．”可知，作者利用数据来证明Dr．William Farber的观点，即整体医学将会越来越受欢迎。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项B“为了强调它的重要性”、选项C“为了赞扬兽医”和选项D“为了提倡动物保护”在文章中均未提到。
主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——纸质阅读和数字媒介阅读。
内容梗概：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”．The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content．
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen．A large amount of research confirms this finding．The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text．
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties．With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages．People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page．
But equally important is the mental aspect．Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”．According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print．
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person．However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces．
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查词汇猜测之短语意义。 8．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean？ A．Seem unlikely to last． B．Seem hard to explain． C．Become ready to use． D．Become easy to notice． 【命题风格——逻辑分析】 选项D正确。根据第二段第一句可知，当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上更成功。“shine through”表示“能够清晰地表现出来，容易注意到”。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项A“似乎不可能持续”、选项B“似乎很难解释”和选项C“准备使用”均不符合语境。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之间接信息。 9．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume？ A．Readers treat digital texts lightly． B．Digital texts are simpler to understand． C．People select digital texts randomly． D．Digital texts are suitable for social media． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项A 正确。第四段中“people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious”对应选项A“Readers treat digital texts lightly．”。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项B、C、D都是对第四段中“people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious”的曲解。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。
10．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers？ A．They can hold students' attention． B．They are more convenient to prepare． C．They help develop advanced skills． D．They are more informative than text． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项A正确。根据第五段第一句中“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies” 可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引人，因此大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。原文中“engaging”与选项A中“hold students' attention”属于同义转换。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项B、C、D在原文中均没有提及。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之逻辑推断。 11．What does the author imply in the last paragraph？ A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques． B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material． C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education． D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored． 【命题风格——逻辑推断】 选项C 正确。根据最后一段第二句“However，for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words．”可知，为了最大限度地提高需要注意力集中和反思的学习效果，教育者不应认为所有媒介都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的词语。作者暗示了在教育中，纸质化学习不能完全被替代，这也和全文的主旨大意相呼应。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A、B、D在原文中没有提及。
主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——生物样本多样性的记录。
内容梗概：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性的记录不够完美，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records．Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records．Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect．
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences．“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know：Are they usable？”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns．
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru．
Their study revealed that the large number of observation only records did not lead to better global coverage．Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species．This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby．These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye catching features．
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot，” Daru explained．“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled．To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image．”
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之直接信息。 12．What do we know about the records of species collected now？ A．They are becoming outdated． B．They are mostly in electronic form． C．They are limited in number． D．They are used for public exhibition． 【命题风格——同义转换】 选项B正确。根据第一段中“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records．”可知，今天，大多数生物样本多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式存在。这说明这些记录主要是电子形式的。选项B中“in electronic form”和原文中“in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records”为同义转换。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A、C、D在原文中均未提及。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查细节理解之间接信息。 13．What does Daru's study focus on？ A．Threatened species． B．Physical specimens． C．Observational data． D．Mobile applications． 【命题风格——总结归纳】 选项C正确。根据第二段中Daru说的话可知，他的研究越来越多地使用观察数据来调查物种是如何对全球变化作出反应的。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项A在原文中没有提及。 【命题风格——张冠李戴】 选项B、D两项在原文中虽然提到，但都不是Daru研究的重点。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之分析归纳。 14．What has led to the biases according to the study？ A．Mistakes in data analysis． B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures． C．Improper way of sampling． D．Unreliable data collection devices． 【命题风格——分析推断】 选项C正确。根据第四段中“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it”以及第五段可以推断出，导致偏差的原因在于采样方式不当。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项A是对第五段中“data are biased”的曲解。 【命题风格——无中生有】 选项B、D在原文中没有提及。
[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查推理判断之分析推断。 15．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps？ A．Review data from certain areas． B．Hire experts to check the records． C．Confirm the identity of the users． D．Give guidance to citizen scientists． 【命题风格——分析归纳】 选项D 正确。根据最后一段Daru的解释，生物多样性应用程序可以使用他们的研究结果来告知用户哪些区域被过度采样，并引导他们对那些采样不足的地方或物种进行采样。生物多样性应用程序也可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。这表明他的建议是为公民科学家提供指导。 【命题风格——曲解文意】 选项A是对最后一段中“inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species”的曲解；选项B和C是对最后一段中“encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image”的曲解。
第二节 阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
主题语境——人与自我。文本题材——使用词典的经验。
内容梗概：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
Not all great writers are great spellers．If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿)． 16 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly．
I keep two reference books close by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典)．I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker． 17 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers．I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus．
18 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical．It will also usually show how the word is pronounced．
In addition, I have an old two volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence．Of course, with its 2，672 pages, it's not exactly short．It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases． 19 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better．
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755．“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work，” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”． 20 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience．
A．I don't often use this dictionary．
B．It takes no account of the context．
C．But I still don't want to replace them．
D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read．
E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling．
F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes．
G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information．
16．[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查过渡句的使用。
【命题风格——段中设空】 答案为F。上文“If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript．(如果你想出版，提交一份完美、专业的手稿是至关重要的。)”，F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes．(这意味着语法好，没有拼写错误。)”对上文补充说明。结合下文“No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly．(没有一个编辑会容忍一个不努力把单词拼写正确的作家。)”，上下文连贯，符合逻辑。F选项中的“That”指代上文的内容。
17．[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查过渡句的选用。
【命题风格——段中设空】 答案为B。上文“I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker．”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器；下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers．(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词词典，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context．(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了作者不信任电子设备的原因，具有承上启下的作用。
18．[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查段落主题句。
【命题风格——段首设空】 答案为E。下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical．It will also usually show how the word is pronounced．(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了词典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling．(当然，词典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了词典的部分功能，E选项的内容可以和空格后面的内容构成一个并列、递进的逻辑关系。
19．[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查过渡句选用。
【命题风格——段中设空】 答案为A。下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better．(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了词典的使用情况，A选项“I don't often use this dictionary．(我不经常用这本词典。)”是对词典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。
20．[命题角度] 文本的理解能力和思维能力——考查过渡句的选用。
【命题风格——段中设空】 答案为D。根据上文“To make dictionaries is dull work” 提到编词典是一件无聊的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience．(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”说明了浏览词典也是一种阅读的乐趣。D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read．(但是读一本词典是一种乐趣。)”是作者对词典的评价，和下文内容一致，另外与上文的“dull”形成对比，构成转折关系。D选项中的“But”对确定答案有引导作用。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
主题语境——人与自我。文本题材——设定适合自己的目标。
内容梗概：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在不同阶段受到别人成就的激励而从事不同运动的经历，并通过两个主要事件展现了作者在面对挑战时的心态变化以及他对个人目标的反思和理解。通过这些经历，作者的内心逐步走向成熟。
I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life．
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 21 a marathon race．Feeling motivated, I started running 22 ， but then two things happened．First, a girl I met one day told me she was 23 for a “super”， referring to a 52.4 mile double marathon．Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles．To be honest, I 24 it! Between the girl making my 25 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 26 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 27 cycling．I got a good bike and rode a lot．I 28 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister．While she was at work one day, I 29 her bike and went for a ride．The 30 ：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time．I'd never faced such 31 ．That day, I got 32 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads．When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 33 ．
I've 34 a lot since then．I've come to accept that whatever 35 I set for myself, they just have to be my own．
21．A．knew B．held C．won D．quit [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为C。根据上文“by other folks' achievements”以及下文“Feeling motivated, I started running (我受到激励，开始跑步)”，可推断出作者的邻居朋友赢得了(win)一次马拉松比赛，对作者有激励作用。
22．A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——副词词义辨析】 答案为A。作者有了动力，所以应是定期(regularly)跑步，符合语境。
23．A．asking B．looking C．waiting D．training [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为D。句意：一天，我遇到一个女孩，她告诉我她正在为一场“超级”双马拉松赛做训练。根据下文“referring to a 52.4 mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练(training)，符合语境。
24．A．made B．believed C．hated D．deserved [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为C。句意：说实话，我讨厌它！ 根据上文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles．”以及下文“Between the girl making my seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者跑的最长距离只有15 英里，和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。
25．A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】 答案为B。根据上文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles．”以及下文“seem small”可知，作者跑的最长距离只有15 英里，而女孩则在为52.4 英里做训练，所以作者的成绩(achievement)微不足道。
26．A．way B．risk C．place D．reason [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】 答案为D。根据上文“在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊……”以及下文“I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”可知，作者决定“再次跑步的唯一理由(reason)就是有一只大狗在追我”。
27．A．gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词组辨析】 答案为C。根据上文“I decided that the only I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”以及下文“I got a good bike and rode a lot．”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，转向(turn to)骑自行车。
28．A．heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为B。根据下文“of entering cycle races”并结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着(dream of)参加自行车比赛，符合语境。
29．A．painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为B。句意：一天，我借了她的自行车出去骑了一趟。根据上文“While she was at work one day”以及下文“went for a ride”可知，趁着姐姐去上班，作者借了她的自行车，然后去骑车。
30．A．problem B．secret C．principle D．advice [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】 答案为A。根据下文“I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time．I'd never faced such ”可知，作者将要一次骑上好几英里的上坡路，这对他来说是一个难题(problem)。
31．A．dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】 答案为D。根据上文“The ：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time．”可知，那里的道路穿过大山谷，作者将在那里一次骑行数英里的上坡路，这对他来说是一个从来没有面对过的挑战(challenge)。
32．A．passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查句间层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为A。根据上文“I'd never faced such ．”可知作者从来没有过在上坡路上骑行好几英里的挑战；根据下文“by about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”可知当地的骑车人习惯了这样的道路，可推断出，那天作者被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了(pass)。
33．A．reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——形容词词义辨析】 答案为D。根据上文“That day, I got by about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads．”可知，作者那天骑行被大约100个当地人超过，所以当作者回到家里，突然觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了(appealing)。
34．A．traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——动词词义辨析】 答案为B。句意：从那以后，我成熟了很多。根据下文“I've come to accept that whatever I set for myself, they just have to be my own．(我已经开始接受，无论我为自己设定什么，它们都必须是我自己的。)”可知，作者的心理变得成熟了。
35．A．limits B．dates C．goals D．tests [命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查语篇层次题。 【命题风格——名词词义辨析】 答案为C。根据全文的描述以及下文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，与首段中的“other folks' achievements”相呼应。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
主题语境——人与社会。文本题材——英国“玻璃温室”。
内容梗概：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近建造了一个名为“玻璃温室”的美丽建筑，展示了古丝绸之路是如何影响英国的园林艺术的。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens．This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times．
The latest 36． (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 37． (function) structure that is also beautiful．The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝)．These sepals open on warm days 38． (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air．In cold weather, the structure stays 39． (close) to protect the plants．
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 40． (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 41． first time．These plants included modern Western 42． (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel．The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road．The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too．
The Glasshouse stands 43． a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 44． brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 45． (rich) of gardening in England．
36．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查词性转换。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为engineering。engineer作名词讲时，意为“工程师”；engineering是名词，意为“工程；工程学”，此处应用名词修饰名词，engineering techniques意为“工程技术”。故填engineering。
37．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查形容词。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为functional。设空处与空前的形容词 protective并列，修饰空后的名词structure，故设空处应填形容词 functional。
38．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查非谓语动词。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为to give。句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里打开，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。分析句子结构可知，本句主语为These sepals，谓语动词为open，动词不定式to give作目的状语。
39．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查形容词。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为closed。句意：在寒冷的天气里，为了保护植物，建筑物会保持关闭状态。分析句子结构可知，the structure是主语；stays是系动词，形容词closed作表语。
40．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查时态和主谓一致。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为walks。句意：此外，温室周围的丝绸之路花园带着游客走过了一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。根据句意可知，本句描述的是客观情况，时态用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知，本句的主语是the Silk Route Garden，谓语动词用单数，故填walks；宾语是visitors。注意：walk在本句中是及物动词，表示“护送……走”。
41．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查冠词。
【命题风格——无提示词】 答案为the。固定短语for the first time意为“第一次”。
42．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查名词复数。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为favourites。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受欢迎的植物，如迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。此处favourite是可数名词，表达“最喜欢的人或物”，根据such as后面列举的植物rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，这里favourite用复数形式。
43．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查介词。
【命题风格——无提示词】 答案为as。句意：玻璃温室是当代设计中的一项伟大成就。固定短语stand as意为“作为……而存在”。
44．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查关系代词。
【命题风格——无提示词】 答案为that/which。句意：玻璃温室是当代设计中的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，丝绸之路将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到这里，描绘出英国丰富的园艺。分析句子结构可知，先行词the Silk Route后面跟了一个that/which 引导的定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语。
45．[命题角度] 知识的运用能力——考查词性转换。
【命题风格——有提示词】 答案为richness。定冠词后面应跟名词。rich的名词形式是richness。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
主题语境——人与社会。文本体裁——应用文。
命题角度：知识的综合运用能力和创新思维能力——考查语言能力和交际能力。
假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
1．你完成的作品；
2．你的感想。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Chris，
I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday．
Yours，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Chris，
I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday．
I chose to paint a landscape featuring a calm lake surrounded by vibrant flowers and solemn trees．The sunlight and the gentle breeze made the whole scene come to life．
It was incredibly inspiring to be surrounded by nature．I felt a sense of peace and relaxation while painting outdoors, which was a completely different experience from our traditional classroom setting．Overall, the exciting experience gives me a lot of fun．I really enjoy it and hope we can have more classes like this in the future．
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
主题语境——人与自我。文本体裁——记叙文。
命题角度：知识的综合运用能力和创新思维能力——考查语言能力和交际能力。
I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September．I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference．Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half．I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague．The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought．
That was when I met Gunter．I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station．I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused．When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend．After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car．
Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station．Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus．Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face．“We made it，” he said．
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet．I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard．He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along．A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out．
At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station．There, at the entrance, was a cash machine．I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message：“Out of order．Sorry．”
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news．
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised．
[参考范文]
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news．He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do．Giving him another apologetic smile, I asked him for a delay in payment and promised to call him and pay him back the money I owed him．To my surprise, Gunter wrote down his phone number without hesitation and gave it to me．“Just keep your promise, sir．” A feeling of gratitude washed over me．I gave him a firm handshake, jumped out of the car and made a mad dash for the bus and jumped onto it just before it left．
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised．We met at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before．As soon as I saw him, I gave him a big hug．I told him that thanks to his kindness and timely help, everything had gone smoothly．I paid him for the ride, along with a generous tip, but he declined．Before we parted that day, Gunter fished out his little phone and smiled，“Let's take a picture together, my friend！” This photo is still on my desk today, which serves as a reminder of trusting others and offering kindness．Every time I think of that cold, wet evening, a warm current still flows through my body．
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