专题一 阅读理解
(一)
A篇
Crowdfunding is a fundraising method that makes use of the power of the Internet and social networks．It involves raising small amounts of money from a large number of individuals or investors，typically through online platforms．These platforms connect entrepreneurs (创业者) with potential backers who contribute funds to support a specific project，business，or idea．
Types of Crowdfunding
Donation based Crowdfunding—People donate a small amount of money without receiving credit．
Reward based Crowdfunding—Backers get a reward，such as a product sample or easy access，in exchange for their contribution．This model is popular with start ups and creative projects．
Equity (股权) Crowdfunding—Investors receive shares or equity in the business in exchange for their funding．This model is ideal for small businesses looking to raise substantial capital and is subject to specific regulations．
Debt Crowdfunding—Entrepreneurs borrow money from backers and agree to repay it with interest over time．This model is similar to a loan and is suitable for businesses with a clear repayment plan．
Tips for a Successful Crowdfunding Campaign
Set clear goals: Define your funding goal，the purpose of the funds，and how you'll use the money．
Persuasive story: Make an appealing and genuine story about your business．Explain why it matters and how backers' contributions will make a difference．
Transparency: Be transparent and honest about your project's progress and any challenges you encounter．Backers appreciate honesty．
Fulfill promises: Once your campaign is successful，fulfill your promises to backers timely and communicate regularly．
1．Which of the following appeals to start ups
[A]Donation based Crowdfunding．
[B]Reward based Crowdfunding．
[C]Equity Crowdfunding．
[D]Debt Crowdfunding．
2．To succeed in crowdfunding，what are you advised to do
[A]Set a higher goal than what you really need．
[B]Keep the difficulties you encounter to yourself．
[C]Draft an attractive and authentic story about your business．
[D]Skip repayment plan and pay off in one time after due dates．
3．Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from
[A]Education． [B]Science．
[C]Culture． [D]Finance．
B篇
My family and I had set out on a day trip from Shillong to Cherrapunji，a town known for being one of the wettest places on Earth．However，after we had been stuck in traffic for more than four hours，one of my sisters proposed going back to the city as a last attempt to save whatever remained of the day．A quick online search revealed other must visit spots around Shillong．Most were familiar，but one caught our attention—Nartiang with its mysterious monoliths (独石碑)．The photo showed tall stones piled together in a strange formation，appealing to us to explore further despite the lack of details provided．
That is how I found myself standing in the shadow of the huge monoliths of Nartiang，which is home to the thickest and largest collection in the region．Curious to uncover their history，I approached Maryo Symblai，a village elder I met later that day，who told me the story of the monoliths that has been orally passed down over generations．She said，“Back in the day，Nartiang didn't have a bazaar (集市) and the nearest one was at Raliang．On one such bazaar，a giant named Mar Phalyngki was caught in heavy rain on his way back．He requested to borrow an umbrella from the Raliang chief's youngest daughter，but she wanted to test his legendary strength instead．‘Why don't you go lift that huge stone in the bazaar and use it as an umbrella？’ she said dismissively．Emboldened by her challenge，he just did that，but before reaching Nartiang，he placed it in a forest when the rain had stopped．”
“There is a certain overlap of ancient stories and memories in the case of the Nartiang monoliths．The locals' account of how the place came to be is based on ancient stories or folk customs．But they also remember it because it served their ancestors as a weekly marketplace，a memorial，and a place for political gatherings．That is how oral history works．It mixes fact and fiction into collective memory，” said Dr Reeju Ray，a local writer．
Today，even though the traditional customs and more confirmed historical accounts offer some insight into the site，the mystery (奥秘) of the stone giants lasts．
4．Why did the author and his family come to visit the monoliths of Nartiang
[A]It was in their original trip plan．
[B]They had to choose it as an alternative．
[C]It was the only remaining place to visit．
[D]An elder villager gave them the suggestion．
5．Which does the underlined word “Emboldened” in paragraph 2 mean
[A]Threatened． [B]Moved．
[C]Stimulated． [D]Frightened．
6．Why are Dr Reeju Ray's words mentioned
[A]To inform what the monoliths served as．
[B]To illustrate how the mysterious story came into being．
[C]To introduce the feature of Nartiang monoliths．
[D]To deny the overlap of ancient stories and memories．
7．What is the best title for the text
[A]A Trip to the Monoliths
[B]The Mystery of Shillong
[C]The Formation of the Monoliths
[D]A Disappointing Travel Experience
C篇
In a recent study of healthy volunteers，National Institutes of Health researchers discovered that our brains may replay memories of learning new skills when we rest．
NIH researchers have mapped out the brain activity that flows when we learn a new skill，such as playing a new song on the piano，and found that during short rest the volunteers' brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versions of the activity seen while they practiced typing a code．The more a volunteer replayed the activity，the better they performed during subsequent practice sessions．
The study was conducted at the NIH Clinical Center．The team of Dr．Cohen，M．D．，senior investigator at the NIH's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)，used a highly sensitive scanning technique to record the brain waves of 33 healthy，right handed volunteers as they learned to type a five digit test code with their left hands．The subjects sat in a chair and under the scanner's long，cone shaped cap．An experiment began when a subject was shown the code “41234” on a screen and asked to type it out as many times as possible for 10 seconds and then take a 10 second break．Subjects were asked to repeat this cycle of alternating (交替的) practice and rest sessions a total of 35 times．
During the first few trials，the speed at which subjects correctly typed the code improved dramatically and then leveled off around the 11th cycle．In a previous study，Dr．Cohen's team showed that most of these gains happened during short rests，and not when the subjects were typing．Moreover，the gains were greater than those made after a night's sleep and were related with a decrease in the size of brain waves，called beta rhythms．In this new report，the researchers searched for something different in the subjects' brain waves．
“We wanted to explore the mechanisms (机制) behind memory strengthening seen during wakeful rest．Several forms of memory appear to rely on the replaying of neural (神经的) activity，so we decided to test this idea out for procedural skill learning，” said Ethan R．Buch，Ph．D．，a staff scientist on Dr．Cohen's team and leader of the study．To do this，Dr．Buch developed a computer program which allowed the team to understand the brain wave activity associated with typing each number in the test code．
Interestingly，they found that the more a volunteer replayed，the better their performance was．“We were a bit surprised by these last results．Overall，our results support the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a powerful tool that researchers can use to help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly facilitate recovery from stroke，” said Dr．Cohen．
8．What have NIH researchers recently found
[A]The brain activity slowly flows when we learn a new skill．
[B]The value of short practice sessions can't be overestimated．
[C]Short rest makes no difference to the neural replay of the activity．
[D]The frequency of brain replay contributes to practice performances．
9．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3
[A]The process of the research．
[B]The facilities of the research．
[C]The application of the research．
[D]The preparations of the research．
10．Why did Dr．Buch develop a computer program
[A]To distinguish the first 11 cycles from the later ones．
[B]To confirm the role of neural replay in skill learning．
[C]To explore the potential effects of procedural learning．
[D]To find out the reasons for the changes in brain waves．
11．What does Dr．Cohen think of the research findings
[A]Acceptable． [B]Promising．
[C]Shallow． [D]Dismissive．
D篇
A friend jumps out at you when you're turning a corner．Your heart starts pounding，and you gasp．“You scared me to death！” you say．Of course，you are not dead．But saying this is so common，in fact，that we have to ask the question: Is it possible to be scared to death
In fact，any strong emotional reaction can cause deadly amounts of a chemical，such as adrenaline (肾上腺素)，in the body．It happens very rarely，but it can happen to anyone．The risk of death from fear or another strong emotion is greater for individuals with pre existing heart conditions，but people who are perfectly healthy in all other respects can also fall victim．
Being scared to death boils down to our autonomic response to a strong emotion，such as fear．For fear induced deaths，the death starts with our fight or flight response，which is the body's physical response to a potential threat．This response is characterized by an increased heart rate，anxiety，and increased blood glucose levels．
To understand that，we have to understand what the nervous system is doing when it's stimulated，primarily in releasing hormones (荷尔蒙)．These hormones，which can be adrenaline or another chemical messenger，ready the body for action．The thing is，adrenaline and similar chemicals in large quantity are toxic (有毒的) to organs such as the heart，the liver，and the lungs．Scientists claim that what causes sudden death out of fear in particular is the chemical's damage to the heart，since this is the only organ that，upon being affected，could cause sudden death．Adrenaline opens calcium (钙) to the heart．With a lot of calcium going to the heart，the organ has trouble slowing down，which is something that can cause abnormal heart rhythm．Irregular heartbeats prevent the organ from successfully pumping blood to the body and lead to sudden death unless treated immediately．
High levels of adrenaline aren't caused only by fear．Other strong emotions can also cause a rush of adrenaline．For example，sporting events have also been known to lead to adrenaline induced deaths．
12．Why is the case in paragraph 1 mentioned
[A]To present common concern over an issue．
[B]To give an example of conditional response．
[C]To relate the audience to the topic of the text．
[D]To emphasize the consequence of strong emotions．
13．What's the direct consequence of strong emotional reaction
[A]Heart conditions．
[B]Low blood pressure．
[C]Overall health decline．
[D]Change of hormone levels．
14．What's the focus of paragraph 4
[A]How our nervous system develops．
[B]How calcium functions in our heart．
[C]How our fight or flight response works．
[D]How the organs deal with toxic chemicals．
15．What's the best title for the text
[A]Can We Really Be Scared to Death
[B]Should We Avoid Intense Sporting Events
[C]Are High Levels of Adrenaline Caused by Fear
[D]Will We Jump at a Friend's Sudden Appearance
(二)
A篇
36 Hours of Art Course with
the New Arts Club—London
A good chance to learn under famous artist Oksana Leadbitter，and her New Arts Club．
Run according to your timetable，this part time course is 36＋ hours of painting that is fit for anyone from beginners to more experienced painters．You must sign up for no less than 36 hours，for which you need to pay $356.33．
All art materials are provided，including paints，brushes and more．All you need to do is bring yourself，and a wish to learn and meet new people．Oksana will guide you through a series of painting styles and skills，showing how a painting is done and offering frequent support to you．She gives special attention to the easiest ways of achieving the effects you want．She has her own style of teaching that allows people to make progress in a short period of time．
You will not need to attend every class．The course works on a by hour basis，meaning you can use your hours as slowly or quickly as you wish．
Come and join us every Thursday at a spare room of the beautiful St Sofia Cathedral in Bayswater，London．
Courses：
10：00－12：00: Adult class
12：00－15：00: Children's class
19：00－22：00: Adult evening class
The courses will begin on 15th May，2026．Feel free to take part and say hello．
If you want more information，e mail: newartsclublondon@gmail．com．
Should special situations arise，the organizers would keep the right to cancel any of the events，resulting in the refund (退款) of cancelled remaining classes．
1．What is a requirement for learners of the course
[A]Sticking to the schedule．
[B]Having prior experience．
[C]Registering for at least 36 hours．
[D]Bringing along painting materials．
2．What is attractive about Oksana's teaching
[A]Providing painting brushes．
[B]Teaching in efficient ways．
[C]Centering around practicing．
[D]Offering one to one instruction．
3．What do we know about the course
[A]It runs for two days a week．
[B]It is refunded for cancellation．
[C]It is intended for adult learners．
[D]It costs a learner over $10 per hour．
B篇
When training for my first marathon，I treated myself to an expensive fitness watch that tracked my time，pace and splits．
At the end of my final training run，I threw myself down on the floor the moment I got home，only to see my watch had failed me．Twenty one miles briefly flashed on the screen before it went blank and disappeared forever．I screamed in pain．That tragic image of me crying on my living room floor pretty much sums up my relationship with exercise tracking technology．
It can be a total joy to watch your data change as you get stronger and faster，but sometimes it also can be a stick for punishment．I would compare my pace with other people's or criticize myself for not doing it 30 seconds faster．I never really recognized this as a problem．To me，tracking was the route to self improvement，and the point was to be better．
In the past year，“being better” has taken on a different meaning．My mental health dropped，and things like brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult．Being better stopped meaning getting faster or stronger．It meant taking care of myself and feeling some joy．Once I started getting better，I reflected on what made me happy and what did not．So，I stopped tracking my runs and deleted all the data．
I then found I genuinely love running．I run around my local park with a silly little smile．But I do not love running quickly．I do not like races．I do not want to be pushed to be faster．I now notice how my legs feel and how my mind feels afterwards—clear and focused．I notice the smell of the wild plants and the sunshine on my face．
I am better．Sometimes I am worse．But either way I'm moving forward slowly and firmly，and that's good enough．
4．Why did the author cry after the final training run
[A]Because she had to stop working out．
[B]Because she became physically worn out．
[C]Because she lost the data on the watch．
[D]Because she felt a sharp pain in the legs．
5．What did the author use to think of exercise tracking
[A]A fun hobby for enjoyment．
[B]A strong need for recognition．
[C]A method of escaping punishment．
[D]A way of being a better runner．
6．What does “being better” mean to the author now
[A]Getting pleasure out of winning races．
[B]Being more focused on her life goal．
[C]Freeing herself from demanding tasks．
[D]Improving her overall well being．
7．What can we conclude from this passage
[A]Adjustment brings happiness．
[B]Passion is the key to success．
[C]Sports contribute to happiness．
[D]Success equals self improvement．
C篇
The birth of a male white tailed eagle signals the success of the Roy Dennis Wildlife Foundation (RDWF) and Forestry England project to return these iconic birds to their original widespread locations along the southern coast of England．The last time a white tailed eagle chick grew in England，Mozart was working on his opera Idomeneo in Germany．
For two centuries these amazing birds were missing from most of the UK，having been wiped out by human persecution by the early 20th century．
In 2020，the parents of the landmark bird were translocated from the Outer Hebrides and north western Sutherland in Scotland to the Isle of Wight．This is an area with plentiful food to sustain them．It is also a location from which the birds could spread out to cliffs，lakes and forests．
Female G405 and male G471 were two of 25 eagles (16 are still alive) released by the RDWF and Forestry England as part of the ongoing project．And they are one of three pairs to have now established breeding territories in the south of England．
The chick hatched earlier this summer at a nest on private land，the exact location of which is being kept a secret to ensure the welfare of the young bird．
“This is a very special moment for everyone who has worked on，supported and followed this groundbreaking project，” Roy Dennis says，founder of the RDWF．“Restoring a breeding population in southern England，where the species was once widespread，has been our ultimate goal．Seeing the first pair reach this stage is truly incredible．”
The young white tailed eagle has now been ringed and fitted with a satellite tag (标签) so that its progress can be tracked．A further release of young white tailed eagles is planned for late summer from the project team's base on the Isle of Wight．
8．What is the author's purpose of mentioning Mozart in paragraph 1
[A]To admire the musician's great works．
[B]To celebrate the birth of the white tailed eagle．
[C]To compare the situations of England and Germany．
[D]To emphasize white tailed eagles' centuries long absence．
9．Which word can replace the underlined word “persecution” in paragraph 2
[A]Hunt． [B]Exploration．
[C]Disturbance． [D]Training．
10．Why is the accurate position of the chick kept secret
[A]For privacy． [B]For safety．
[C]For territory． [D]For support．
11．Which may be a suitable title for the text
[A]A Splendid Bird
[B]A Successful Wildlife Project
[C]Milestone for White tailed Eagles
[D]Restoring a Breeding Population
D篇
Pity the poor traffic policeman．He's the last guy you want to see when you're speeding down the highway．But according to a major research by scientists in Canada and California，that policeman just might be saving your life or the life of someone else．
The researchers have found that a traffic ticket reduces a driver's chance of being involved in a disastrous accident greatly．The effect doesn't last long，however．Within months，the lead foot is back on the pedal and the risk of killing yourself or someone else is back up to where it was before that policeman stared you in the eye and wrote out that expensive ticket．It is back to business as usual for most motorists．
Traffic tickets save thousands of lives every year．Yet traffic laws are applied infrequently，almost as if by whim (心血来潮)，partly because people just don't like traffic policemen，and there are lots of other things for the government to spend money on than applying highway safety laws．
Researches looked at the month prior to a disastrous accident，and the number of traffic convictions (定罪)，and then the same month in the year before．They found there were fewer tickets in the month before a disastrous accident than there were a year before，which suggests there's a protective effect of having a ticket．
The scientists also turned up some surprising results．“Most of the crashes did not involve alcohol，” they reported．“The relative risk reduction associated with traffic convictions was remarkably consistent among women and men，regardless of age，prior driving record，and other personal data．Men，however，were involved in far more disastrous accidents than women and the most accident prone (有事故倾向的) age was between 30 and 50．”
They also pointed out that most crashes could have been prevented by a small difference in driver behavior．So the next time you see that policeman in your rear view mirror，give him or her a broad smile．
12．How will the drivers probably behave months after having traffic tickets
[A]Drive more attentively than before．
[B]Return to where accidents happened．
[C]Escape a spot check for alcohol．
[D]Drive as fast as they did before．
13．Which statement about traffic laws is correct
[A]They have saved thousands of lives so far．
[B]They are not favored by traffic policemen．
[C]They are carried out consistently and sufficiently．
[D]They are not the priority of the government's budget．
14．What can be learned from paragraph 4
[A]Traffic tickets can guarantee safe driving．
[B]It is necessary to reduce traffic convictions．
[C]Disastrous accidents will decline with more traffic tickets given．
[D]Tickets' protective effect can be found before disastrous accidents．
15．What can be inferred from the research
[A]Its results applied to both men and women．
[B]None of the traffic crashes involved alcohol．
[C]Women aged 30 to 50 caused more disastrous accidents．
[D]Drivers were used to looking at the mirrors while driving．
(三)
A篇
Save A Dog，Inc．is a Massachusetts based humane society．We take in dogs of all breeds，sizes，and shapes who have become homeless for one reason or another．We work with animal shelters in MA as well as out of state．We try to make the best match for the applicant and the dog．
To date we have rescued and adopted over 8，000 dogs．We offer education to our adopters on how to use natural supplements and a good quality food to care for the new dog or pup．We offer on site puppy kindergarten classes for our adopters during the months when the weather is favorable．We send our rescued dogs home with an adoption contract that ensures the dog will never end up in a shelter again．We advocate positive reinforcement (强化) training for dogs at home．
We charge an adoption fee．Our adoption fees vary．For senior dogs (9 years and older)，the adoption donation ranges from $150 to $350．For adult dogs (older than 1 year) the donation is $450．Adolescent dogs range from $450－500，and the donation for puppies is $600．We are a non profit organization privately funded by donations and the adoption fees．We are always very grateful if you can add a little extra donation to help us continue our rescue work．
Our shelter is small and we cannot accommodate drop in visits at this time．If you would like to meet our rescued dogs，please fill out an application for free and we will send you the next steps．If you have additional questions，the best way to reach us is via email to adoptions@saveadog．org．
1．What is the focus of Massachusetts based humane society
[A]Deserted dogs．
[B]Animal shelters．
[C]Rescued animals．
[D]Homeless persons．
2．What does Save A Dog，Inc．offer to adopters
[A]Reinforcement training．
[B]Long term home care．
[C]Guidance on dog caring．
[D]An employment contract．
3．What can we learn about Save A Dog，Inc．
[A]It can be contacted and visited any time．
[B]It charges most for adult dogs' adoption．
[C]It requires an application at an extra charge．
[D]It encourages donations to help with the work．
B篇
About eight years ago，Li Jinglong and Guan Dian visited the Palace Museum in Beijing．The cloisonne (景泰蓝瓷器) objects on display attracted them in particular．They spent hours looking at those beautiful objects．They just couldn't take their eyes off them．
Born and raised in Beijing，35 year old Li is no stranger to cloisonne，since there were a pair of cloisonne vases in his grandparents' home．His wife，34 year old Guan，who learned to paint as a child and later became a designer after graduating from the Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology，is also familiar with cloisonne，as it appears in her art books．As a result of their visit，the couple made the daring decision to open a workshop．
“We learned cloisonne after seeing the pieces displayed in the Palace Museum．We wanted to turn our hobby into a career so that people could enjoy and learn to make the craft themselves，” said Li，who worked in a finance company before quitting his job to launch Handcraft Addicted，a DIY workshop where participants can make cloisonne．Since 2018，they have opened three workshops in Beijing．They are happy to give people a glimpse of the traditional techniques of cloisonne as part of a DIY experience．
Instead of focusing on making traditional cloisonne objects，such as plates and vases，the workshop allows participants to create the designs they want on the surface of glass，resin (树脂) or wood．Although the process has been simplified，it is still not easy for people trying cloisonne for the first time to succeed．Participants spend months making one piece，which they take home or give friends as presents．It's a luxury for people to spend time alone and fully focus on one thing nowadays because of the fast pace of life．Participants come to the workshop not only to create art，but also to take a break from their busy lives．
4．What can we learn about the couple
[A]They both grew up in Beijing．
[B]They both majored in cloisonne art．
[C]They both quit their previous jobs．
[D]They are both familiar with cloisonne．
5．What inspired the couple to open Handcraft Addicted
[A]Their grandparents' cloisonne vases．
[B]Their hobby in handcraft techniques．
[C]Cloisonne objects in Guan's art books．
[D]Cloisonne objects on exhibition in the Palace Museum．
6．What can participants do in Handcraft Addicted
[A]They can attempt anything．
[B]They can relax themselves while creating art．
[C]They can make cloisonne objects in a few days．
[D]They can get traditional cloisonne objects for free．
7．Which of the following can best describe the couple
[A]Modest． [B]Generous．
[C]Creative． [D]Outgoing．
C篇
As the sun shines，people will flock to parks to breathe the fresh air．But air pollution is worsening in many places around the world．
Unfortunately，in the western tradition，neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life．As for politicians，despite proposing restrictions on environmental pollution，they have not yet called for it to be made a crime．Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it．
But is our life worth anything other than money And why do we find it more difficult to get the clean air Do the woods，which are often described as “the lungs of the planet”，no longer offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen No! In fact，they do give off oxygen，but their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit．If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life，it is because we have filled it with chemicals and weakened the ability of plants to regenerate it．As we know，rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for a permanent disaster．
The plant world urges us in silence that it's time for us to care for our breath and put emphasis on the interdependence which exists between us humans and the plant world．We will have access to clean air only when humans learn to share life，both with each other and with plants．This task is both ethical and political because it can be fulfilled only when each takes it upon himself and only when it is accomplished together with others．The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere (范围) of the living，while dividing life into so called natural or human resources diminishes it．We must come to see the air，the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth，rather than productive potentialities at our disposal．Perhaps then we would finally begin to live，rather than being concerned with bare survival．
8．Why are the western politicians accused by the author
[A]Because they give priority to wealthy countries．
[B]Because they don't protect ordinary people's right．
[C]Because they fail to pass laws to limit environmental pollution．
[D]Because they attach importance to theory rather than practical action．
9．What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about
[A]Our relationship with the plant world．
[B]Large scale deforestation across the world．
[C]The capacity of plants to renew polluted air．
[D]The reasons hidden behind the serious air pollution．
10．How can humans accomplish the goal of protecting the planet
[A]By showing respect for plants．
[B]By using all natural resources．
[C]By preserving all forms of life．
[D]By pooling their efforts together．
11．What does the author suggest in order not just to survive
[A]Expanding the sphere of living．
[B]Sharing life with nature．
[C]Developing nature's potential．
[D]Controlling the resources．
D篇
There's no doubt that positive thinking impacts one's life．However，in recent years，I've come to understand that perhaps positive thinking can result in toxic (有毒的) positivity，which has negative consequences．What we should be aiming for instead is emotional validation (验证)．
Toxic positivity is the maintenance of positive thinking even in situations where it isn't appropriate．“It often comes at the risk of denying our own real feelings or the feelings of others，” says Nina Vasan，MD．While positive thinking in general is a great thing，toxic positivity isn't．It's the act of denying anything negative that's actually happening，and it can involve making people feel bad for having normal human emotions．Someone practicing toxic positivity might say things like “everything happens for a reason” or “just look on the bright side” when a friend shares something difficult in his/her life．
Vasan tells us that with toxic positivity，emotions like sorrow and anger are pushed aside．However，emotional validation allows you to have your feelings．To be exact，emotional validation is about allowing people to experience their feelings and acknowledging that having negative feelings is real and often important．That doesn't mean it promotes and encourages negative thinking endlessly，though．
Toxic positivity encourages us to focus only on the positive，which can stop us from dealing with the feelings we need to work through．Practicing emotional validation is a healthier option for you and the ones you love．“This can be as simple as saying ‘I understand you're really sad’，” explains Vasan．Offering your understanding shows our loved ones that we care about their feelings．Besides，instead of telling someone to look on the bright side，you should offer words and thoughts of support．
Toxic positivity has become prevalent (盛行的)，and you probably know a lot of people who dismiss your negative experiences with statements like “You're too sensitive．”Now you can say：Whatever you're feeling is temporary and allowing yourself to feel it will help you get through it．
12．What can we know about emotional validation
[A]It permits emotional ups and downs．
[B]It denies people's negative feelings．
[C]It helps maintain positive in hard times．
[D]It avoids risks in terrible situations．
13．What may the author recommend you to say to a sad person
[A]Perhaps something fortunate is still waiting for you．
[B]I'm sure there's a good reason for what has happened．
[C]I understand your sadness but being sensitive is no good．
[D]You have every right to feel upset and I am here for you．
14．What is the main idea of the text
[A]Promoting positivity is worthwhile．
[B]Admitting negativity is reasonable．
[C]Sticking to positivity is significant．
[D]Expressing negativity is inappropriate．
15．In which section of a newspaper can we most probably read the text
[A]Psychology． [B]Economy．
[C]Society． [D]Health．
21/21专题过关验收卷
专题一 阅读理解
(一)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了众筹在企业发展中的作用、众筹的类型以及成功进行众筹活动的技巧。
1．B [细节理解题。根据Types of Crowdfunding部分的 “Reward based Crowdfunding．．．This model is popular with start ups and creative projects．”可知，基于奖励的众筹会吸引初创公司。故选B。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据Tips for a Successful Crowdfunding Campaign部分的“Persuasive story: Make an appealing and genuine story about your business．”可知，为了成功众筹，作者建议为你的公司起草一个吸引人的、真实的故事。故选C。]
3．D [文章出处题。本文主要介绍了众筹这一筹集资金的模式，属于经济方面，很可能选自杂志的财经部分。故选D。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人探索Nartiang巨石的故事。
4．B [细节理解题。由文章第一段可知，作者和家人因为交通被困，所以改变了原来的旅游路线，不得已选择参观Nartiang及其神秘的巨石。故选B项。]
5．C [词义猜测题。由文章第二段的“He requested to borrow an umbrella from the Raliang chief's youngest daughter．．．when the rain had stopped．”可推测，这里指在女孩的话语的“刺激”下，巨人搬了石头。所以猜测Emboldened意为“被刺激”。故选C项。]
6．B [推理判断题。由文章第三段可知，文中提到Reeju Ray博士的话是为了说明这个神秘的故事是如何产生的。故选B项。]
7．A [标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了作者和家人探索Nartiang巨石的故事。故选A项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究人员发现当人们休息时，大脑可能会重放学习新技能的记忆。
8．D [细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，美国国立卫生研究院的研究人员最近发现大脑回放的频率有助于练习表现。故选D。]
9．A [段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段介绍了研究的过程。故选A。]
10．B [细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，Buch博士开发一个计算机程序是为了确认神经重放在技能学习中的作用。故选B。]
11．A [观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知，Cohen博士对研究结果是认同的。故选A。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了人会不会被吓死这个问题。
12．C [推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文章开头提出了生活中很常见的一个场景并提出疑问：人真的会被吓死吗？再结合全文主要解释了人为什么会被吓死可推断出，第一段的意图是把读者带入文章的话题。故选C项。]
13．D [细节理解题。根据第四段可知，当神经系统被刺激后，身体会首先释放出荷尔蒙，这些化学物质又会影响心脏，从而导致供血不足，最后诱发死亡，因此强烈情绪反应直接的后果是荷尔蒙的变化。故选D项。]
14．C [段落大意题。第三段中的“For fear induced deaths．．．an increased heart rate，anxiety，and increased blood glucose levels．”讲到“战斗或逃跑反应”及其表现，再结合第四段中的“To understand that，we have to understand what the nervous system is doing when it's stimulated，primarily in releasing hormones．”中的“that”指上一段的“fight or flight response”可知，第四段讲的是这种“战斗或逃跑反应”是如何运作而导致死亡的。故选C项。]
15．A [标题归纳题。根据第一段和全文的结构可知，第一段提出问题：人是否会被吓死？第二段给出答案：会；后面两段来解释会被吓死的原因；最后一段拓展开来，不止惊吓，其他的激烈情绪也会诱发死亡。因此标题应该溯源到人到底会不会被吓死这个问题上来。故选A项。]
(二)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个36小时艺术课程的特色、要求、课程安排、费用等相关信息。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“You must sign up for no less than 36 hours，for which you need to pay $356.33．”可知，这门课程要求学习者必须注册至少36小时的课程。故选C。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Oksana will guide you．．．allows people to make progress in a short period of time．”可知，Oksana特别注重用最简单的方法来达到你想要的效果，可以让人们在短时间内取得进步，由此可知，用高效的方式教学是Oksana的教学吸引人的地方。故选B。]
3．B [细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，如有特殊情况将课程取消，会对取消的剩余课程进行退款。故选B。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于使用运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。
4．C [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，作者在最后一次训练后哭了，因为她丢失了手表上的数据。故选C。]
5．D [细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者曾将运动跟踪视为一种成为更好的跑步者的方式。故选D。]
6．D [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“I now notice how my legs feel and how my mind feels afterwards—clear and focused．I notice the smell of the wild plants and the sunshine on my face．”可知，“变得更好”现在对作者来说意味着改善她的整体幸福感。故选D。]
7．A [推理判断题。文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于使用运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。由此可得出结论：调整带来快乐。故选A。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一只雄性白尾鹰，它的出生是恢复英国白尾鹰繁殖的里程碑。
8．D [推理判断题。根据第一段的“The last time a white tailed eagle chick grew in England，Mozart was working on his opera Idomeneo in Germany．”及第二段“For two centuries these amazing birds were missing from most of the UK，having been wiped out by human persecution by the early 20th century．”可推知，作者在第一段中提到Mozart是为了强调白尾鹰几个世纪之久的缺席。故选D。]
9．A [词义猜测题。根据第二段的“．．．were missing from most of the UK，having been wiped out by human”可推知，此处指这种鸟类因人类的猎杀而消失，画线词应表示“猎杀”，与A 项意思相近。故选A。]
10．B [细节理解题。根据第五段“The chick hatched earlier this summer at a nest on private land，the exact location of which is being kept a secret to ensure the welfare of the young bird．”可知，将雏鹰的准确位置保密是为了确保其安全。故选B。]
11．C [标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了一只雄性白尾鹰的出生是恢复英国白尾鹰繁殖的里程碑。C项“白尾鹰的里程碑”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论交通罚单可以减少驾驶员卷入灾难性事故的概率，然后通过事实和论据进行论证，包括研究人员的研究结果以及相关的数据分析和观察。
12．D [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在收到交通罚单几个月后，司机可能会和他们以前一样开得快。故选D项。]
13．D [细节理解题。根据第三段可知，交通法规不是政府预算的重点。故选D项。]
14．C [推理判断题。根据第四段可知，交通罚单越多，灾难性事故就越会减少。故选C项。]
15．A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，不管年龄、以前的驾驶记录和其他个人数据如何，与交通定罪相关的相对风险降低在女性和男性中都是非常一致的，所以研究结果对男性和女性都适用。故选A项。]
(三)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了“拯救狗”组织，讲述了“拯救狗”组织向收养者提供训练以及该组织的收养费用标准等。
1．C [细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“We take in dogs of all breeds，sizes，and shapes who have become homeless for one reason or another．”以及第二段的“To date we have rescued and adopted over 8，000 dogs．”可知，该组织的焦点是拯救动物。故选C。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“We offer education to our adopters on how to use natural supplements．．．during the months when the weather is favorable．”可知，该组织向收养者提供训练。故选A。]
3．D [推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“We are always very grateful if you can add a little extra donation to help us continue our rescue work．”可知，“拯救狗”组织鼓励人们提供捐赠。故选D。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对夫妇因为对景泰蓝瓷器的热爱，决定开设一个DIY工作坊，让更多的人了解并亲手制作景泰蓝瓷器。
4．D [细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，他们都熟悉景泰蓝瓷器。故选D。]
5．D [细节理解题。根据文章第三段Li说的话可知，他们是在故宫博物院看到景泰蓝瓷器后决定开设工作坊的。故选D。]
6．B [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“Participants come to the workshop not only to create art，but also to take a break from their busy lives．”可知，参与者在创造艺术的同时也在放松自己。故选B。]
7．C [推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“As a result of their visit，the couple made the daring decision to open a workshop．”以及第三段的“We wanted to turn our hobby into a career so that people could enjoy and learn to make the craft themselves”可知，这对夫妇因为对景泰蓝瓷器的热爱，不仅自己学习制作，还开设工作坊，让更多的人了解并亲手制作景泰蓝瓷器，由此可知，他们是有创造力的。故选C。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了日益严重的空气污染问题及相应的建议和措施。
8．C [细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“As for politicians，despite proposing restrictions on environmental pollution，they have not yet called for it to be made a crime．”可知，西方政治家被作者指责是因为他们没有通过法律来限制环境污染。故选C。]
9．D [段落大意题。根据文章第三段的“it is because we have filled it with chemicals and weakened the ability of plants．．．a permanent disaster”可知，第三段主要讲的是严重的空气污染背后的原因。故选D。]
10．D [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“This task is both ethical and political because it can be fulfilled only when each takes it upon himself and only when it is accomplished together with others．”可知，人类可以通过共同努力实现保护地球的目标。故选D。]
11．B [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“The plant world urges us in silence that．．．both with each other and with plants．”及“We must come to see the air．．．rather than productive potentialities at our disposal．”可知，作者建议与自然共享生命，而不仅仅是为了生存。故选B。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者认为积极的思维方式有可能会带来有害的、引发负面的结果，建议我们去追求情感验证，正视自己的和他人的负面情感。
12．A [细节理解题。根据第三段中“However，emotional validation allows you to have your feelings．To be exact，emotional validation is about allowing people to experience their feelings and acknowledging that having negative feelings is real and often important．”可知，情感验证不否定人的负面感受，承认其真实存在和重要性，也就是认可情感的起伏变动。故选A。]
13．D [推理判断题。根据第四段末句“Besides，instead of telling someone to look on the bright side，you should offer words and thoughts of support．”可知，对于有负面感受的人，我们应该表明我们对他的支持。由此推断，对于一个伤心的人，作者可能会建议我们说：你有权感到难过，而我会支持你。故选D。]
14．B [主旨大意题。根据第一段末句“What we should be aiming for instead is emotional validation．”以及全文内容可知，作者认为积极的思维方式有可能会带来有害的积极，引发负面的结果，建议我们去追求情感验证，正视自己的、他人的负面情感。因此，B项“承认负面情感是合理的”符合文章大意。故选B。]
15．A [文章出处题。文章论证了积极的思维方式有可能会带来有害的积极，引发负面的结果，建议我们去追求情感验证，正视自己的、他人的负面情感，应属于心理范畴。故选A。]
6/6
