专题四 语法填空
(一)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在中国传统文化中，龙一直被认为是好运的象征，并着重介绍了紫禁城建筑物上的龙。
1．undoubtedly [考查副词。此处需填副词来修饰前面动词are。故填undoubtedly。]
2．known [考查非谓语动词。此句主语为 The Forbidden City，谓语为was，此空为非谓语，主语与know之间为被动关系，应填过去分词作定语。故填known。]
3．largest [考查形容词最高级。空格处与 and most complete 形成并列关系，共同作定语，所以空格处也应用形容词最高级。故填largest。]
4．As [考查介词。the dragon has always been a symbol of good fortune为主干，此处指作为中国最重要的文化图腾之一，所以应用介词as，as意思是“作为”。句首单词的首字母应大写。故填As。]
5．flying [考查非谓语动词。句子主干为the dragons．．．all tell ancient stories，这里考查状语从句的省略，空格处与下文leaping和hidden 并列，fly是一种动态，the dragons与fly之间是主动关系。故填flying。]
6．that/which [考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词stories。空格处缺少关系词作主语，所以用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。]
7．be seen [考查时态和语态。此句主语为lifelike dragons，与所给词see之间为被动关系，can后接动词原形。故填be seen。]
8．and [考查连词。本句用both．．．and．．．连接两个并列的动词 ing形式短语。故填and。]
9．roofs [考查名词复数。roof意思是“房顶”，为可数名词，此处指紫禁城的屋顶，不止一个，应用复数形式。故填roofs。]
10．are [考查时态和主谓一致。本句not only放在句首需要倒装，主语为空后的these dragons，且这里时态应与后面的carry保持一致，用一般现在时。故填are。]
(二)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了踢毽子这一传统的民间运动，以及它的起源和发展。
1．dating [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，date和逻辑主语Shuttlecock kicking之间为主动关系，所以用动词 ing形式。故填dating。]
2．stores [考查名词复数。store为可数名词，意为“商店”，此处用名词复数形式。故填stores。]
3．is needed [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空格处作谓语，主语a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin和动词need之间为被动关系，该句为陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时。故填is needed。]
4．whose [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词some feathers。 whose作关系代词时，在定语从句中作定语，此处whose修饰后面的function。故填whose。]
5．are [考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，该句为there be句型，其谓语动词遵循主谓一致的就近原则，主语a great number of variations为复数意义名词，此处讲述事实用一般现在时，所以谓语动词用复数形式。故填are。]
6．the [考查冠词。one．．．the other．．．表示“两者中一个……另一个……”。此处特指“另一只脚”，所以此处填定冠词the。故填the。]
7．fairly [考查副词。此处为副词fairly作状语修饰形容词wonderful。故填fairly。]
8．beneficial [考查形容词。此处为动词短语be beneficial to“对……有益”。故填beneficial。]
9．to play [考查动词不定式。此处为“主语(具体的人或物)＋be ＋adj．＋ to do”结构，表示主语的特征，所以此处为动词不定式。故填to play。]
10．to [考查介词。此处为动词短语appeal to“吸引”。故填to。]
(三)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国福建省泉州市蟳埔村特有的花头饰——簪花围(Zanhua Wei)。簪花围是一种由当地女性佩戴的花式头饰，具有丰富的文化意义。文章还提到了簪花围被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，以及它在传统文化中的重要角色。
1．worn [考查过去分词。空格处需要一个过去分词作定语，修饰名词flower headwear。wear与flower headwear之间是被动关系，因此使用过去分词worn。故填worn。]
2．processes [考查名词复数。因为multiple意思是“多个的”，所以后面接复数名词。故填processes。]
3．delicately [考查副词。空格处需要副词来修饰动词combined。故填delicately。]
4．it [考查代词。空格处需要代词来指代前文提到的the origin of Zanhua Wei。故填it。]
5．when [考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词the Song and Yuan dynasties，空格处在从句中充当时间状语。故填when。]
6．valuable [考查形容词。空格处需要形容词修饰名词goods。故填valuable。]
7．was included [考查时态和语态。句意：2008年，这一习俗被列入国家非物质文化遗产名录。空格处作谓语，根据句意可知，主语the custom和谓语之间是被动关系。根据时间状语In 2008可知，句子使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was included。]
8．being used [考查非谓语动词。句意：除了作为头饰使用，发夹花在传统文化中扮演着不可替代的角色。besides是介词，后面接doing；根据句意，它是被当作头饰使用，同时表示被动，应该使用being done的结构。故填being used。]
9．an [考查冠词。空格处需要不定冠词来修饰单数可数名词role，且undeniable的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。]
10．expectation [考查名词。空格处需要名词作宾语。故填expectation。]
(四)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了福州寿山石的起源和传统雕刻工艺，它已被正式命名为“中国国石”，成为优雅、尊贵和智慧的象征，值得收藏。
1．mined [考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，mine在句中作非谓语动词，它和stones之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词作后置定语。故填mined。]
2．into [考查固定短语。固定短语be carved into意思是“被雕刻成”。故填into。]
3．an [考查冠词。exhibition为可数名词，ongoing是发音以元音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词an。故填an。]
4．gathers [考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，gather在句中作谓语动词，结合“It offers a visual introduction to both the fine quality of Shoushan Stone and the superb skills”可知，谓语动词gather使用一般现在时，并且主语“The Charm of Shoushan Stone”为单数意义。故填gathers。]
5．to process [考查动词不定式。require．．．to do sth．意为“需要……做某事”，require的宾语是skills。故填to process。]
6．which [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，seals是先行词，指物，因此使用which引导定语从句。故填which。]
7．approaches [考查名词复数。approach是可数名词，前有different 修饰，需要用名词的复数形式。故填approaches。]
8．and [考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，“a red and yellow stone that is suitable for sculpting mountains，flowers and fruits”和“a black one for trees and stones”以及“a grey one for clouds”之间为并列关系。故填and。]
9．officially [考查副词。副词作状语修饰过去分词named。故填officially。]
10．has become [考查时态和主谓一致。空格处作谓语，根据句中的时间状语“So far”可知，使用现在完成时，主语Shoushan Stone为单数意义。故填has become。]
(五)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄姚古镇的位置、历史、特色等。
1．spots [考查名词复数。spot 在此处表示“旅游胜地”，是可数名词，根据 “one of＋复数名词”结构可知，空白处应使用其复数形式。故填spots。]
2．Covering [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语是boasts，所以空格处是非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语Huangyao与cover之间为主动关系，所以用动词 ing形式作状语。 故填Covering。]
3．reached [考查时态。分析句子结构，空格处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语in the Qing Dynasty可知，动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时。主语it和reach之间是主动关系。故填reached。]
4．which/that [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入关系代词引导定语从句修饰先行词buildings，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。]
5．approximately [考查副词。根据空格处后面的数字可知，应填入副词修饰。故填approximately。]
6．are held [考查时态和语态。分析句子结构，空格处作谓语，谓语动词hold 与主语performances 之间是被动关系，要使用被动语态，再根据上下文可知使用一般现在时。故填are held。]
7．a [考查冠词。dish 属于在本文中第一次提到。故填a。]
8．to [考查介词。add．．．to．．．为固定搭配，意为“添加……到……”。故填to。]
9．its [考查代词。空格处应填入形容词性物主代词修饰名词size。故填its。]
10．to experience [考查动词不定式。分析句子结构，空格处在句子中作状语，表示目的，使用动词不定式。故填to experience。]
(六)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国一号高铁司机李东晓的事迹。
1．reaching [考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词drove，设空处应用非谓语动词，reach和句子主语之间是主动关系，应用动词 ing形式作状语。故填reaching。]
2．The [考查定冠词。设空处修饰名词number，表示特指，应用定冠词the，句首单词首字母大写。故填The。]
3．from [考查介词。短语from．．．to．．．意为“从……到……”。故填from。]
4．impressive [考查形容词。设空处修饰名词achievements，作定语，应用形容词。故填impressive。]
5．professions [考查名词复数。among在此处相当于one of，后面接名词复数或集体名词。profession是可数名词，所以用其复数形式。故填professions。]
6．was selected [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语In March 2008可知，应用一般过去时，主语Li和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，并且谓语用单数。故填was selected。]
7．which [考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a guidebook，从句中缺少主语。故填which。]
8．has seen [考查时态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知应用现在完成时，主语是China's high speed rail network，谓语用单数。故填has seen。]
9．himself [考查代词。句意：他不再亲自操作动车，但现在是北京怀柔北机务段的负责人。根据句意可知，此处需用he的反身代词，指他自己。故填himself。]
10．where [考查表语从句。设空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。]
(七)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了土耳其传统皮影戏卡拉戈兹。
1．but [考查连词。not just．．．but．．．表示“不(仅)是……而/还是……”。故填but。]
2．have been built [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处作谓语，主语connections与谓语构成被动关系，根据时间状语Since ancient times可知，用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been built。]
3．found [考查时态。根据originally(最初)和后文的rose可知为一般过去时。主语Karag z与find之间是主动关系。故填found。]
4．popularity [考查名词。rise to popularity表示“开始流行起来”。故填popularity。]
5．where [考查定语从句。空格处需要关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词form，定语从句中缺少状语，where相当于in which，在定语从句中作状语。故填where。]
6．singing [考查非谓语动词。此处是with的复合结构。sing与宾语performer之间为主动关系，故用动词 ing形式作宾补。故填singing。]
7．mainly [考查副词。修饰动词center应用副词mainly。故填mainly。]
8．to educate [考查动词不定式。主语是表示“目标，目的”的objective，aim，goal等时，表语用动词不定式说明主语的内容。故填to educate。]
9．to [考查介词。短语be credited to表示“归功于……”。故填to。]
10．an [考查冠词。tool意思是“工具”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且educational是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。]
(八)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了长白山世界地质公园的发展和特点。
1．was recognized [考查时态、语态及主谓一致。根据时间状语on March 27可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，主语The Mount Changbaishan Geopark为单数名词，和recognize之间为被动关系，可知用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was recognized。]
2．it [考查代词。代词“it”指代前文的“China”，作宾语，表示“中国”是世界上拥有最多地质公园的国家。故填it。]
3．an [考查不定冠词。expert为单数名词，此处泛指“一位专家”， expert为发音以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。]
4．to establish [考查动词不定式。此处为动词不定式to do作后置定语，修饰initiative。故填to establish。]
5．where [考查定语从句。此处为关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为the First International Conference on Geoparks，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。]
6．conservation [考查名词。根据空前面的for the可知，此处需要名词作介词for的宾语。故填conservation。]
7．sustainable [考查形容词。空后regional economic development为名词短语，此处为形容词sustainable“可持续的”作定语，修饰该名词短语。故填sustainable。]
8．added [考查非谓语动词。此处与前面的“newly”一起构成了一个过去分词短语，修饰The Mount Changbaishan Geopark。The Mount Changbaishan Geopark与add之间是被动关系，表示这个地质公园是“新加入的”。故填added。]
9．to [考查介词。be home to意为“是……的所在地”。故填to。]
10．features [考查时态。空格处为谓语动词，feature是及物动词，意为“以……为特色”，主语是the park，此处是客观事实，故用一般现在时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填features。]
7/7专题四 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)。
(一)
In traditional Chinese culture，the dragon has long been regarded as a symbol of good luck，power and mystery．Among the rich relics of Chinese history，the dragon totems (图腾) in the Forbidden City are 1． (undoubted) a charming presence．
The Forbidden City，a splendid architectural complex 2． (know) as the “treasure of China”，was once the royal palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties，and it stands as the world's 3． (large) and most complete existing ancient wooden structure architectural complex．4． one of the most important cultural totems in China，the dragon has always been a symbol of good fortune．In the Forbidden City，the dragons，whether 5． (fly) in the sky，leaping between beams (房梁)，or hidden in the details，all tell ancient stories 6． are full of legends and mysteries．
In each corner of the Forbidden City, lifelike dragons in various shapes can 7． (see)，both showcasing delicate craftsmanship 8． carrying deep historical and cultural significance．
According to photographer Gu Caihua，those dragons on the 9． (roof) seem to be guarding the ancient palaces，while those dragons on beams appear to be telling the change of history．Not only 10． (be) these dragons decorations，but they also carry the essence of Chinese．
1． 2． 3． 4． 5．
6． 7． 8． 9． 10．
(二)
Shuttlecock kicking (踢毽子) is a traditional popular folk game，1． (date) as far back as the Han Dynasty．The fun game gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty，when 2． (store) specializing in the shuttlecock business appeared．In the Qing Dynasty，shuttlecock kicking reached its peak in terms of both making techniques and kicking skills．
To make a feather shuttlecock，a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin 3． (need)．Through the coin hole you can stick some feathers，4． function is to delay the rising and falling of the shuttlecock．
There 5． (be) a great number of variations in styles and methods of kicking．With one leg fixed on the ground，the shuttlecock is kicked by the inner ankle of 6． other．Some other styles include kicking the shuttlecock backwards and forwards between two people．Those who advance to a high level of mastery can perform some actions that are 7． (fair) wonderful．The challenge of the increasingly difficult levels of shuttlecock kicking has made it a popular and timeless game among Chinese children．
Playing with shuttlecocks is 8． (benefit) to health．When people are kicking shuttlecocks，various parts of the body need to work together，which enhances balance capabilities and physical flexibility and helps them strengthen their legs．Besides，shuttlecock kicking is convenient 9． (play)．It can be practiced just about anywhere and anytime．
Since the establishment of the Chinese Shuttlecock Kicking Association in 1987，the national shuttlecock kicking tournament has been held annually，appealing 10． people of all ages．
1． 2． 3． 4． 5．
6． 7． 8． 9． 10．
(三)
Zanhua Wei，known as “the garden on the head”，is a kind of flower headwear 1． (wear) by local women in Xunpu，a fishing village in Quanzhou，Fujian Province．
The production of it needs to go through multiple 2． (process)，including cutting，laying，inlaying，coloring and so on．Main materials for making hair pinned flowers are metal wires，jewelry stones and colored pearls，3． (delicate) combined to form a variety of flower patterns．
Opinions vary about the origin of Zanhua Wei，with some saying 4． originated from the custom of Central Asian women wearing flowers and was brought back through the maritime Silk Road during the Song and Yuan dynasties，5． Quanzhou served as one of the few leading trading ports on the southeastern coast of China．The ships carried spices and all kinds of 6． (value) goods to Quanzhou for trade，notably countless jewelry stones and pearls．
In 2008，the custom 7． (include) in the national intangible cultural heritage list．Besides 8． (use) as hair accessories (配饰)，head pinned flowers play 9． undeniable role in traditional Chinese culture．Zanhua Wei carries the emotions and memories of the fisherman's family，reflecting the diligence and simplicity of Xunpu，as well as the 10． (expect) for a better life．
1． 2． 3． 4． 5．
6． 7． 8． 9． 10．
(四)
Shoushan Stone was first discovered in Shoushan，Fuzhou．For centuries，craftsmen have been carving stones primarily 1． (mine) from the Shoushan village．The stones are carved 2． figures，animals and many other artworks．
The Charm of Shoushan Stone，3． ongoing exhibition at the National Art Museum of China，4． (gather) antique and modern objects which introduce the tradition of stone carving in Fujian．It offers a visual introduction to both the fine quality of Shoushan Stone and the superb skills required 5． (process) it．On show at the exhibition are seals(印章) made from excellent examples of the stone，6． were sought after among the literati (文人墨客) of the Ming and Qing dynasties．There are also mini sculptures which show craftsmen's different 7． (approach) to carving Shoushan Stone based on its rich color schemes: a red and yellow stone that is suitable for sculpting mountains，flowers and fruits，a black one for trees and stones 8． a grey one for clouds．
So far，Shoushan Stone，9． (official) named “China National Stone”，10． (become) a symbol of elegance，dignity and wisdom，which is worthy of collection．
1． 2． 3． 4． 5．
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(五)
Ancient charm of China: Huangyao Ancient Town
Located in Zhaoping County in Hezhou City，South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，Huangyao Ancient Town is 200 kilometers from Guilin—one of the most visited tourist 1． (spot) in Guangxi．It is said that the town was named after two common surnames back then—Huang and Yao．2． (cover) an area of 3.6 square kilometers，Huangyao boasts typical karst landscapes and abundant water resources．
Huangyao has a history of nearly 1，000 years with its origins dating back to the Song Dynasty．It 3． (reach) its prime in the Qing Dynasty．For this reason，there are many buildings from the Ming and Qing eras 4． remain unchanged in their architectural styles today．Now it is home to 5． (approximate) 300 folk houses，20 temples and ancestral halls，and 10 opera stages．
Traditional festivals and customs have been carried on for hundreds of years．During Chinese Lunar New Year，over 20 traditional performances 6． (hold)，including the dragon dance，lion dance and suona horn (Chinese trumpet) shows．
Huangyao tofu is 7． must try local dish when you visit，as it is exclusively made and sold in Huangyao．Also，fermented (发酵的) black soybeans are often added 8． its local specialties (特色菜) to create a distinctive flavor．
It usually takes a day or two to tour around the old town due to 9． (it) small size．But you can always stay longer 10． (experience) more of its local hospitality and culture．
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(六)
As a pioneer bullet train (动车) driver，Li Dongxiao，52，is part of the history of China's high speed railway network．In 2008，he drove China's first high speed train，1． (reach) 350 kilometers per hour，between Beijing and Tianjin．
2． number on Li's bullet train driver's license is 0001，which led the media to give him the name of China's “first” bullet train driver．“Over 14 years，the length of the network has grown 3． zero to more than 40，000 kilometers，and more varieties of Fuxing bullet trains have been developed and adopted，” he said．
However，all those 4． (impress) achievements came from the ground up．Driving at high speed is among certain 5． (profession) that require strict training．In March 2008，Li，along with some of China's best train drivers，6． (select) to undergo training to operate bullet trains at the manufacturer，China CNR Corp．He participated in more than 200 test runs and created a guidebook for bullet train drivers，7． was named after him as the “Dongxiao Manual”．
China's high speed rail network 8． (see) rapid development over the past 20 years．Li's development has been intertwined with the evolution of China's high speed railway system．He no longer operates bullet trains 9． (he)，but is now head of the Huairou North locomotive depot (机务段) in Beijing，which is the center of train operations，repair and maintenance．Even more importantly，it is 10． all the drivers receive their training．
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(七)
When we think of the Silk Road，the first thing that appears in people's minds is trade．However，trade isn't just limited to goods 1． includes culture．
Since ancient times，strong connections between the Chinese and the Turkish people 2． (build) by cultural exchange along the Silk Road．Some historians believe Karag z，Turkish traditional shadow puppetry (皮影)，drew inspiration from Chinese shadow puppetry art．Karag z originally 3． (find) its place in Bursa，a city in north western Türkiye，and it first rose to 4． (popular) in the 16th century．
Karag z is a dramatic form of storytelling 5． shadows are projected onto a white screen，with a multitasking performer 6． (sing) the tunes and words of the story and the lead puppeteer controlling the movement of the puppets．The performances 7． (main) center around social events and public criticism，whose primary objective is 8． (educate) people via entertainment．
The tradition's popularity in Türkiye is credited 9． people's sense of nostalgia (怀旧)．Historically，Karag z performances served as 10． educational tool for people of all classes．As society progresses，there is often a tendency to reconnect with the past．
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(八)
The Mount Changbaishan Geopark，along with five other Chinese geoparks，1． (recognize) as a Global Geopark by UNESCO on March 27．The number of Global Geoparks in China has increased to 47，making 2． the country with the most such geoparks in the world．
“China is rich in geological heritage，with a broad distribution and a complete range of geological types，” Ren Fang，3． expert with the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences，told People's Daily．“It is one of the first countries worldwide to propose and establish national geoparks．”
China set up national level geoparks and began applying for Global Geopark status in 2003 in response to UNESCO's initiative 4． (establish) the Global Geoparks Network (GGN)．In 2004，Beijing witnessed the First International Conference on Geoparks，5． 17 European geoparks and eight Chinese geoparks joined the GGN．The network aims to promote best practices and high standards for the 6． (conserve) of geological heritages and the promotion of 7． (sustain) regional economic development．
The Mount Changbaishan Geopark，newly 8． (add) to the GGN network，is situated in Jilin Province and is home 9． the “millennium eruption”， a massive volcanic event that occurred roughly 1，000 years ago．Renowned for its Quaternary volcanic landforms，the park，spanning 2，723 square km，10． (feature) giant compound volcanic cones，ancient eruptions and their deposits，and the splendid Tianchi lake．With over 380 craters，it boasts the highest number，greatest density，and widest distribution of volcanic rock types in East Asia．
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