2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一英语考试·新课标Ⅰ卷（解析版，含听力原文）
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2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·新课标Ⅰ卷
英 语
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A．￡ 19.15. B．￡ 9.18. C．￡9.15.
答案是C。
1. What will Jack probably do this weekend
A．Go camping. B．Visit a friend.
C．Watch a film.
2．What does the woman ask the man to do
A．Take care of her bags.
B．Pack the food for her.
C．Check the train schedule.
3．When will the man see Bob
A．This Friday.
B．This Saturday.
C．Next Monday.
4．Why does the man apologise
A．For the terrible food.
B．For the overcharge.
C．For the waiter's rudeness.
5．What are the speakers talking about
A．Writing a book.
B．Holding a celebration.
C．Buying a present.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does Sara make the phone call
A．To ask for advice.
B．To arrange an outing.
C．To cancel an appointment.
7．What does David want to do
A．Go to a dinner party.
B．Talk to Sara in person.
C．Work on the new case.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Where is Jim now
A．In a taxi. B．On a bus.
C．In his office.
9．What is the woman's suggestion
A．Going to the city centre.
B．Taking a shortcut home.
C．Meeting Jim in the park.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10．What did Clara do at the weekend
A．She planted vegetables.
B．She went to a yard sale.
C．She visited her grandpa.
11．What did Mark find inside one of the books he bought
A．A plane ticket.
B．A family photo.
C．A postcard.
12．Where does Mark live
A．Los Angeles. B．Chicago.
C．Philadelphia.
13．What is the relationship between Mark and Ashley
A．Brother and sister.
B．Husband and wife.
C．Father and daughter.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What is probably the woman
A．A teacher. B．A journalist.
C．An athlete.
15．What does Victor find difficult as a member of the basketball team
A．Adapting himself to the intense training.
B．Dealing with the pressure from the coach.
C．Regaining the skills learned in high school.
16．What does Victor say about the players on the team
A．They are of the same age.
B．They are similar in character.
C．They are from different countries.
17．How does Victor feel about his team now
A．It's about to break up.
B．It's the best in Indiana.
C．It's getting stronger.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．Who is Tom Hodgkinson
A．Founder of a magazine.
B．Publisher of a novel.
C．Editor of a newspaper.
19．What do we know about the content of The Idler
A．It's old-fashioned.
B．It's wide-ranging.
C．It's student-targeted.
20．Why does the speaker give the talk
A．To do a promotion.
B．To discuss an issue.
C．To introduce a lecturer.
答案速查
1－5 CABBC 6－10 CBABC
11－15 ACABA 16－20 CCABA
Text 1
W：Jack, are you going camping with your friends this weekend
M：It depends. If it's sunny, we'll go.
W：The weatherman says it's going to rain.
M：In that case, we'll go to the cinema instead.
Text 2
W：Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment I want to buy some food at the convenience store.
M：No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train would arrive in 10 minutes.
Text 3
W：Bob came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him
M：I plan to see him this Saturday.
W：Aren't you going to the conference then
M：No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday.
Text 4
M：Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.
W：Oh, I didn't notice that. It's OK. Don't blame the waiter. He's been really nice.
Text 5
W：Do you think we should get Steve a book for the new year
M：Books are good. But Steve wouldn't take just any book. He has had this particular one on geography.
Text 6
M：⑥Hello, Sara.
W：⑥Hello, David. I can't come for dinner tonight. Sorry.
M：Oh, what happened
W：We've got a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the office.
M：Well, then I'll come to you.
W：No, no, not tonight. Let me see if I can arrange another night.
M：Sara, please. ⑦We need to talk. It's about my job.
W：Then tell me on the phone.
M：No, ⑦it's better if we do it in person. How about tomorrow night
W：I'm not sure. You can give me a call tomorrow afternoon.
M：OK.
Text 7
W：⑧Jim will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now
M：Er... wait. Let me see.⑧He has sent two messages saying that he's done with his work at the office and got a taxi and... and he'll arrive in twenty minutes.
W：We can't keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.
M：But it takes at least half an hour to get to the city centre by bus. Look at the traffic.
W：⑨Let's get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.
M：Are you sure
W：Yes. A hundred percent.
Text 8
W： Morning，Mark.
M：⑩ Morning, Clara.How was your weekend
W：Great.⑩ I went to my grandpa's. He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What about you
M：Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.
W：Novels
M：A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012. The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.
W：Was it
M：Yes. Ashley，my sister. In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of them often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.
W：So, all the way across the country, your sister's old book landed in your hands. That's really crazy.
Text 9
W： Victor, you've been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling
M：I think I've got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though there's pressure to meet deadlines，life here is never boring.
W： What's been hard about being an Indianan basketball player
M：Well， the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day. It's not like high school. In high school, I really didn't have to do that. I'm just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.
W：At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group
M： I think we're all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia.I'm from France.And the rest are Americans. But I get along with everybody. You know， we are really starting to bond.It's great to see how we grow each day as a team.
W： Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.
Text 10
W：Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities Do you want to live a full and happy life Today, I'm going to introduce to you a magazine that features the art of living. The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and achievement in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly. In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history，philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping. If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs，then why not subscribe to it The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike.You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights.You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you.We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车)，bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake，Three Gears Foot Brake，No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day.You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了MacBike公司的自行车租赁和有导游的观光。
21．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount.
B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours.
D．It has over 2，500 rental shops.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“We offer the newest bicycles...with child seats，and children's bikes.”可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。故B项正确。]
22．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A．15.75. B．19.50.
C．22.75. D．29.50.
C [细节理解题。根据Prices部分所列表格的内容可知，带手刹的三挡自行车的日租金为14.75欧元，每多一天收8欧元，故租两天为22.75欧元。]
23．Where does the guided city tour start
A．The Gooyer Windmill.
B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery.
D．Dam Square.
D [细节理解题。根据尾段倒数第二句“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour，starting at 1：00 pm every day.”可知，有导游的城市观光每天下午一点开始，每小时整点从Dam Square出发。故D项正确。]
B
When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥)．First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it！Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，”he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。John Todd从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明了“生态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。
24．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of travelling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems”、“When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions”以及第二段中John提的两个问题可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。long to do sth.“渴望做某事”。]
25．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals.
B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the eco-machine.
D [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge...placed them in the tanks”可知，John修建水箱是为了清理污泥中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的“all that was left was pure water”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，John在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。]
26．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
B [推理判断题。上文讲到了John的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.”可知，多年来，John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。]
27．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
A [推理判断题。本文主要围绕John的疑问“A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived...if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了“生态设计”，因此，John发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”也印证了John的工作依据就在于“自我修复”这一理念，故A项正确。]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter．This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one，I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so，I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养)a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处)and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use.Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices，which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了一本书，该书解释了何为数字极简主义并提供了实现极简主义生活方式的方法。
28．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills.
B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems.
D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism”、第二段中的“digital lives”和最后一段中的“a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle”可知，本书旨在倡导一种简单的数字生活方式。故选B项。]
29．What does the underlined word“declutter”in paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on.
C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
A [词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知，画线词表示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。]
30．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A．Theoretical models.
B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples.
D．Historical analyses.
C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the final chapter of part one，I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.”和“You'll hear these participants' stories”可知，第一部分的最后一章提供了真实的例子。]
31．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed.
B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects.
D．Identify the ideas behind them.
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.”可知，作者建议读者把这些方法当成帮助自己实现极简主义生活方式的工具，即在需要的时候使用这些方法。故选A项。]
D
On March 7，1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds ” effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out.In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students，the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time，but it wasn't the dominant response.Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者从几个角度探讨了群体智慧，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
32．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation.
B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors.
D．The design of Galton's experiment.
B [段落大意题。通读第二段内容可知，本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的底层逻辑。故选B项。]
33．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ．
A．the crowds were relatively small
B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate
D．estimates were not fully independent
D [推理判断题。结合第二段中的“In more technical terms，the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.”和第三段中的“when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion...independent individuals”可知，Navajas的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，平均正确度依旧会提升。故选D项。]
34．What did the follow-up study focus on
A．The size of the groups.
B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.
D．The individual estimates.
C [细节理解题。第四段说在随后对100名大学生的研究中，研究人员发现，团队讨论中起决定作用的是队员们能集体辩论(shared arguments and reasoned together)，因此选C。]
35．What is the author's attitude towards Navajas' studies
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
D [观点态度题。作者在最后一段说，虽然Navajas的研究有局限性，但是从他的研究看，团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的，由此判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度。]
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them.To err (犯错) is human. 36 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring？Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around？They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is, it's true. 40 We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自我原谅的一些具体方法。自我原谅的具体方法包括罗列个人优点、列举自己帮助别人的事迹和让别人帮你指出优点等。
36．D [考查逻辑关系。本文的主题是自我原谅，空前两句和空后一句都没有提到forgiveness，再结合空后的“help you do this”和下文的内容可知，空处一定会提到forgiveness及它的重要性。故选D项。]
37．B [考查逻辑关系。根据空前的“Personal strengths”和空后的例子可知，B项“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的关于你自己的特点)．”承上启下，符合逻辑。]
38．F [考查段尾总结句。空前讲述了列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情，F项“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么事，不管它看起来可能有多小，把它写下来)．”总结上文，符合逻辑。]
39．C [考查逻辑关系。空前讲述了你可以让朋友或家人帮你往列表里添加东西，C项“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能愿意尝试这样做)．”承接上文。C项中的“They”指代前面的“a friend or family member”。]
40．G [考查逻辑关系。 根据空后的内容可知，我们都在改变并一直在学习。G项中的“it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后的“We're all changing”形成对比。]
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did.Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 .She couldn't.Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52 ．“She was just crying.I couldn't 53 her，” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 ， they've since become friends.Neither won the race, but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章以Bailey在比赛中为了帮助受伤的竞争对手而延误到达终点的故事，告诉我们在生活中人性的善良以及人与人之间的互帮互助的重要性。
41．A．designed B．followed
C．changed D．finished
D [根据上文提到的成百上千的选手在越野赛中竞争可知，Bailey参加了比赛；根据下文的“earlier than she did”和“across the finish line”可知，此处指Bailey本应该要早一点完成(finished)比赛的。should have finished...意思是“本应该完成……”。design“设计”；follow“跟随”；change“改变”。故答案为D项。]
42．A．delay B．chance
C．trouble D．excuse
A [根据“because she was carrying a across the finish line”以及下文的描述可知，Bailey因为帮助竞争对手而耽搁(delay)了。chance“机会”；trouble“困难”；excuse“借口”。故答案为A项。]
43．A．judge B．volunteer
C．classmate D．competitor
D [根据第二段的“when a runner...Danielle Lenoue”和“Bailey then to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line”可知，Bailey背着她的竞争对手(competitor)通过了终点线。judge“裁判员，法官”；volunteer“志愿者”；classmate“同学”。故答案为D项。]
44．A．race B．school
C．town D．training
A [根据上文的“more than two-thirds of the way”以及下文的“a runner in front of her”可知，此处指她的比赛(race)。故答案为A项。]
45．A．agreed B．returned
C．stopped D．promised
C [根据下文的“to help her fellow runner”可知，此处指Bailey停下来(stopped)去帮助她的竞争对手。agree“同意”；return“返回”；promise“答应”。故答案为C项。]
46．A．courage B．aid
C．patience D．advice
B [根据上文的“Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward”可知，此处指Bailey抓着Lenoue的胳膊想看看在她的帮助(aid)下Lenoue是不是可以向前走。courage“勇气”；patience“耐心”；advice“建议”。故答案为B项。]
47．A．went away B．stood up
C．stepped aside D．bent down
D [根据下文的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line”可知，此处是指Bailey弯腰(bent down)让Lenoue爬到她的背上。go away“离开”；stand up“起立”；step aside“站到一边，下台，让位”。故答案为D项。]
48．A．medical B．public
C．constant D．equal
A [根据下文的“Once there，Lenoue was and later taken to a hospital”以及“that aid checkpoint”可知，Bailey把Lenoue背到一个她可以得到医疗处理(medical attention)的地方。public“公众的”；constant“不断的”；equal“平等的”。故答案为A项。]
49．A．interrupted B．assessed
C．identified D．appreciated
B [根据下文的“that aid checkpoint”可知，这个地方是进行医疗处理的地方，同时根据“later taken to a hospital”可知，Lenoue在这里先接受评估(assessed)，然后被送往医院。interrupt“打断”；identify “识别”；appreciate“感激”。]
50．A．hunger B．pain
C．cold D．tiredness
B [根据上文的“crying in pain”和“she had serious injuries in one of her knees”可知，如果没有Bailey的帮助，Lenoue会在极度疼痛(pain)中挣扎着到达那个医疗检查点。hunger“饥饿”；cold“寒冷”；tiredness“疲劳”。故答案为B项。]
51．A．worried B．ashamed
C．confused D．discouraged
C [根据下文的“why her act is considered a big ”和“I feel...the right thing.”可知，Bailey是很疑惑的(confused)。worried “担心的”；ashamed“羞愧的”；discouraged“泄气的”。故答案为C项。]
52．A．game B．problem
C．lesson D．deal
D [根据下文Bailey对记者说的话可以看出，Bailey对其他人认为她的行为是一件重要的大事(a big deal)很不理解。故答案为D项。]
53．A．leave B．cure
C．bother D．understand
A [根据上文的“to help her fellow runner”以及“She was just crying.”可知，这里是指Bailey不能丢下(leave)她。cure“治愈”；bother“打扰”；underseand “理解”。]
54．A．ride B．test
C．meet D．show
C [根据上文可知，她们两个在这个比赛(meet)之前是不认识的。ride“骑行”；test“测试”；show“演出”。故答案为C项。]
55．A．secret B．display
C．benefit D．exchange
B [根据全文的描述可知，这里指的是人性善良的展示(display)赢得了最终胜利。secret“秘密”；benefit“益处”；exchange“交换”。故答案为B项。]
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，56.________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot.To eat one, you have to decide whether 57.________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), 58.________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头)．
Shanghai may be the 59.________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.There, you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed 60.________ hand rather than rolled.
Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61.________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 62.________(they) contents.The meat should be fresh with 63.________touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 64.________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 65.________(want) more next time.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的特色小吃小笼包，包括其吃法、发源地等。
56．tasty [考查形容词。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故填形容词tasty。]
57．to bite [考查非谓语动词。此处考查“whether＋不定式”结构，空处与下文的to put是并列关系。]
58．or [考查连词。whether...or...“是……还是……”是固定搭配。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口，把热气释放出来，冒着汤汁溢出来的风险，还是把整个包子塞进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。]
59．recognized [考查非谓语动词。此处表示“得到认可的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词recognized。]
60．by [考查介词。by hand“用手工”，是固定搭配。故填by。]
61．to be lifted [考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”。them与lift是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth.to be done结构，意为“允许某事被做”，故空处填to be lifted。]
62．their [考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。]
63．a [考查冠词。a touch of“少许，微量”，是固定搭配。句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味；汤汁要热、清澈并且美味。注意：and后面的并列分句承前省略了should be。]
64．rarely [考查副词。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely“几乎不”。]
65．wanting [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“leave sb.doing sth.”结构，表示“使某人一直做某事”。]
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．说明问题；
2．提出建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.__________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.We're overwhelmed with excitement at the knowledge that an oral English class will be arranged for us.But learning that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral practice, I feel an urge to express my different voice, hoping that this wouldn't offend you.
To begin with, it couldn't be better if students with mixed levels of English could be grouped together deliberately rather than at random, so that we can help each other during our practice. Additionally, to ensure that our oral practice goes smoothly, I suggest that you put three to four students together, with one as the group leader, in which case we can communicate with each other at a great depth.
Should it be possible, I truly hope you can take my suggestions into consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.I said no without thinking.I did not love writing.My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language.Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts.No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply：“Because I love your stories.If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject.Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming.My story would come straight from the horse's mouth.Not a brilliant idea，but funny，and unlikely to be anyone else's choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately.I got tired.I had doubts.I wanted to quit.But, like Revere's horse, I kept going.I worked hard.I checked my spelling.I asked my older sister to correct my grammar.I checked out a half-dozen books on Paul Revere from the library.I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great.Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again.When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing.If I didn't win, I wouldn't care.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.______________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I still remember it was a Monday morning in spring, when my teacher called me to his office, telling me that I had taken first place in the writing contest, and that I was the only winner whose native language wasn't English. Dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride at his words, I simply stood there dumbfounded, and my feet, as if rooted to the ground, couldn't move a bit. The next day, I was presented with my award and a certificate at the ceremony.
I went to my teacher's office after the award
presentation. Giggling instantly with a broad smile spreading on his face，he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance. It was at that moment that a warm surge of streams washed through my body, and the image of the horse emerged in my mind, encouraging me to continue writing. Indeed, I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance, whatever difficulties might arise.
20/25
英 语
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A．￡ 19.15. B．￡ 9.18. C．￡9.15.
答案是C。
1. What will Jack probably do this weekend
A．Go camping. B．Visit a friend.
C．Watch a film.
2．What does the woman ask the man to do
A．Take care of her bags.
B．Pack the food for her.
C．Check the train schedule.
3．When will the man see Bob
A．This Friday.
B．This Saturday.
C．Next Monday.
4．Why does the man apologise
A．For the terrible food.
B．For the overcharge.
C．For the waiter's rudeness.
5．What are the speakers talking about
A．Writing a book.
B．Holding a celebration.
C．Buying a present.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does Sara make the phone call
A．To ask for advice.
B．To arrange an outing.
C．To cancel an appointment.
7．What does David want to do
A．Go to a dinner party.
B．Talk to Sara in person.
C．Work on the new case.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Where is Jim now
A．In a taxi. B．On a bus.
C．In his office.
9．What is the woman's suggestion
A．Going to the city centre.
B．Taking a shortcut home.
C．Meeting Jim in the park.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10．What did Clara do at the weekend
A．She planted vegetables.
B．She went to a yard sale.
C．She visited her grandpa.
11．What did Mark find inside one of the books he bought
A．A plane ticket.
B．A family photo.
C．A postcard.
12．Where does Mark live
A．Los Angeles. B．Chicago.
C．Philadelphia.
13．What is the relationship between Mark and Ashley
A．Brother and sister.
B．Husband and wife.
C．Father and daughter.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What is probably the woman
A．A teacher. B．A journalist.
C．An athlete.
15．What does Victor find difficult as a member of the basketball team
A．Adapting himself to the intense training.
B．Dealing with the pressure from the coach.
C．Regaining the skills learned in high school.
16．What does Victor say about the players on the team
A．They are of the same age.
B．They are similar in character.
C．They are from different countries.
17．How does Victor feel about his team now
A．It's about to break up.
B．It's the best in Indiana.
C．It's getting stronger.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．Who is Tom Hodgkinson
A．Founder of a magazine.
B．Publisher of a novel.
C．Editor of a newspaper.
19．What do we know about the content of The Idler
A．It's old-fashioned.
B．It's wide-ranging.
C．It's student-targeted.
20．Why does the speaker give the talk
A．To do a promotion.
B．To discuss an issue.
C．To introduce a lecturer.
答案速查
1－5 CABBC 6－10 CBABC
11－15 ACABA 16－20 CCABA
Text 1
W：Jack, are you going camping with your friends this weekend
M：It depends. If it's sunny, we'll go.
W：The weatherman says it's going to rain.
M：In that case, we'll go to the cinema instead.
Text 2
W：Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment I want to buy some food at the convenience store.
M：No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train would arrive in 10 minutes.
Text 3
W：Bob came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him
M：I plan to see him this Saturday.
W：Aren't you going to the conference then
M：No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday.
Text 4
M：Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.
W：Oh, I didn't notice that. It's OK. Don't blame the waiter. He's been really nice.
Text 5
W：Do you think we should get Steve a book for the new year
M：Books are good. But Steve wouldn't take just any book. He has had this particular one on geography.
Text 6
M：⑥Hello, Sara.
W：⑥Hello, David. I can't come for dinner tonight. Sorry.
M：Oh, what happened
W：We've got a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the office.
M：Well, then I'll come to you.
W：No, no, not tonight. Let me see if I can arrange another night.
M：Sara, please. ⑦We need to talk. It's about my job.
W：Then tell me on the phone.
M：No, ⑦it's better if we do it in person. How about tomorrow night
W：I'm not sure. You can give me a call tomorrow afternoon.
M：OK.
Text 7
W：⑧Jim will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now
M：Er... wait. Let me see.⑧He has sent two messages saying that he's done with his work at the office and got a taxi and... and he'll arrive in twenty minutes.
W：We can't keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.
M：But it takes at least half an hour to get to the city centre by bus. Look at the traffic.
W：⑨Let's get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.
M：Are you sure
W：Yes. A hundred percent.
Text 8
W： Morning，Mark.
M：⑩ Morning, Clara.How was your weekend
W：Great.⑩ I went to my grandpa's. He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What about you
M：Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.
W：Novels
M：A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012. The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.
W：Was it
M：Yes. Ashley，my sister. In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of them often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.
W：So, all the way across the country, your sister's old book landed in your hands. That's really crazy.
Text 9
W： Victor, you've been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling
M：I think I've got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though there's pressure to meet deadlines，life here is never boring.
W： What's been hard about being an Indianan basketball player
M：Well， the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day. It's not like high school. In high school, I really didn't have to do that. I'm just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.
W：At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group
M： I think we're all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia.I'm from France.And the rest are Americans. But I get along with everybody. You know， we are really starting to bond.It's great to see how we grow each day as a team.
W： Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.
Text 10
W：Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities Do you want to live a full and happy life Today, I'm going to introduce to you a magazine that features the art of living. The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and achievement in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly. In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history，philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping. If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs，then why not subscribe to it The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike.You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights.You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you.We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车)，bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake，Three Gears Foot Brake，No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day.You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了MacBike公司的自行车租赁和有导游的观光。
21．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount.
B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours.
D．It has over 2，500 rental shops.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“We offer the newest bicycles...with child seats，and children's bikes.”可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。故B项正确。]
22．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A．15.75. B．19.50.
C．22.75. D．29.50.
C [细节理解题。根据Prices部分所列表格的内容可知，带手刹的三挡自行车的日租金为14.75欧元，每多一天收8欧元，故租两天为22.75欧元。]
23．Where does the guided city tour start
A．The Gooyer Windmill.
B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery.
D．Dam Square.
D [细节理解题。根据尾段倒数第二句“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour，starting at 1：00 pm every day.”可知，有导游的城市观光每天下午一点开始，每小时整点从Dam Square出发。故D项正确。]
B
When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥)．First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it！Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，”he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。John Todd从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明了“生态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。
24．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of travelling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems”、“When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions”以及第二段中John提的两个问题可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。long to do sth.“渴望做某事”。]
25．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals.
B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the eco-machine.
D [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge...placed them in the tanks”可知，John修建水箱是为了清理污泥中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的“all that was left was pure water”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，John在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。]
26．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
B [推理判断题。上文讲到了John的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.”可知，多年来，John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。]
27．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
A [推理判断题。本文主要围绕John的疑问“A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived...if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了“生态设计”，因此，John发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”也印证了John的工作依据就在于“自我修复”这一理念，故A项正确。]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter．This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one，I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so，I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养)a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处)and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use.Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices，which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了一本书，该书解释了何为数字极简主义并提供了实现极简主义生活方式的方法。
28．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills.
B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems.
D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism”、第二段中的“digital lives”和最后一段中的“a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle”可知，本书旨在倡导一种简单的数字生活方式。故选B项。]
29．What does the underlined word“declutter”in paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on.
C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
A [词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知，画线词表示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。]
30．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A．Theoretical models.
B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples.
D．Historical analyses.
C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the final chapter of part one，I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.”和“You'll hear these participants' stories”可知，第一部分的最后一章提供了真实的例子。]
31．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed.
B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects.
D．Identify the ideas behind them.
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.”可知，作者建议读者把这些方法当成帮助自己实现极简主义生活方式的工具，即在需要的时候使用这些方法。故选A项。]
D
On March 7，1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds ” effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out.In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students，the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time，but it wasn't the dominant response.Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者从几个角度探讨了群体智慧，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
32．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation.
B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors.
D．The design of Galton's experiment.
B [段落大意题。通读第二段内容可知，本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的底层逻辑。故选B项。]
33．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ．
A．the crowds were relatively small
B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate
D．estimates were not fully independent
D [推理判断题。结合第二段中的“In more technical terms，the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.”和第三段中的“when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion...independent individuals”可知，Navajas的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，平均正确度依旧会提升。故选D项。]
34．What did the follow-up study focus on
A．The size of the groups.
B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.
D．The individual estimates.
C [细节理解题。第四段说在随后对100名大学生的研究中，研究人员发现，团队讨论中起决定作用的是队员们能集体辩论(shared arguments and reasoned together)，因此选C。]
35．What is the author's attitude towards Navajas' studies
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
D [观点态度题。作者在最后一段说，虽然Navajas的研究有局限性，但是从他的研究看，团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的，由此判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度。]
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them.To err (犯错) is human. 36 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring？Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around？They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is, it's true. 40 We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自我原谅的一些具体方法。自我原谅的具体方法包括罗列个人优点、列举自己帮助别人的事迹和让别人帮你指出优点等。
36．D [考查逻辑关系。本文的主题是自我原谅，空前两句和空后一句都没有提到forgiveness，再结合空后的“help you do this”和下文的内容可知，空处一定会提到forgiveness及它的重要性。故选D项。]
37．B [考查逻辑关系。根据空前的“Personal strengths”和空后的例子可知，B项“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的关于你自己的特点)．”承上启下，符合逻辑。]
38．F [考查段尾总结句。空前讲述了列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情，F项“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么事，不管它看起来可能有多小，把它写下来)．”总结上文，符合逻辑。]
39．C [考查逻辑关系。空前讲述了你可以让朋友或家人帮你往列表里添加东西，C项“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能愿意尝试这样做)．”承接上文。C项中的“They”指代前面的“a friend or family member”。]
40．G [考查逻辑关系。 根据空后的内容可知，我们都在改变并一直在学习。G项中的“it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后的“We're all changing”形成对比。]
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did.Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 .She couldn't.Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52 ．“She was just crying.I couldn't 53 her，” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 ， they've since become friends.Neither won the race, but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章以Bailey在比赛中为了帮助受伤的竞争对手而延误到达终点的故事，告诉我们在生活中人性的善良以及人与人之间的互帮互助的重要性。
41．A．designed B．followed
C．changed D．finished
D [根据上文提到的成百上千的选手在越野赛中竞争可知，Bailey参加了比赛；根据下文的“earlier than she did”和“across the finish line”可知，此处指Bailey本应该要早一点完成(finished)比赛的。should have finished...意思是“本应该完成……”。design“设计”；follow“跟随”；change“改变”。故答案为D项。]
42．A．delay B．chance
C．trouble D．excuse
A [根据“because she was carrying a across the finish line”以及下文的描述可知，Bailey因为帮助竞争对手而耽搁(delay)了。chance“机会”；trouble“困难”；excuse“借口”。故答案为A项。]
43．A．judge B．volunteer
C．classmate D．competitor
D [根据第二段的“when a runner...Danielle Lenoue”和“Bailey then to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line”可知，Bailey背着她的竞争对手(competitor)通过了终点线。judge“裁判员，法官”；volunteer“志愿者”；classmate“同学”。故答案为D项。]
44．A．race B．school
C．town D．training
A [根据上文的“more than two-thirds of the way”以及下文的“a runner in front of her”可知，此处指她的比赛(race)。故答案为A项。]
45．A．agreed B．returned
C．stopped D．promised
C [根据下文的“to help her fellow runner”可知，此处指Bailey停下来(stopped)去帮助她的竞争对手。agree“同意”；return“返回”；promise“答应”。故答案为C项。]
46．A．courage B．aid
C．patience D．advice
B [根据上文的“Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward”可知，此处指Bailey抓着Lenoue的胳膊想看看在她的帮助(aid)下Lenoue是不是可以向前走。courage“勇气”；patience“耐心”；advice“建议”。故答案为B项。]
47．A．went away B．stood up
C．stepped aside D．bent down
D [根据下文的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line”可知，此处是指Bailey弯腰(bent down)让Lenoue爬到她的背上。go away“离开”；stand up“起立”；step aside“站到一边，下台，让位”。故答案为D项。]
48．A．medical B．public
C．constant D．equal
A [根据下文的“Once there，Lenoue was and later taken to a hospital”以及“that aid checkpoint”可知，Bailey把Lenoue背到一个她可以得到医疗处理(medical attention)的地方。public“公众的”；constant“不断的”；equal“平等的”。故答案为A项。]
49．A．interrupted B．assessed
C．identified D．appreciated
B [根据下文的“that aid checkpoint”可知，这个地方是进行医疗处理的地方，同时根据“later taken to a hospital”可知，Lenoue在这里先接受评估(assessed)，然后被送往医院。interrupt“打断”；identify “识别”；appreciate“感激”。]
50．A．hunger B．pain
C．cold D．tiredness
B [根据上文的“crying in pain”和“she had serious injuries in one of her knees”可知，如果没有Bailey的帮助，Lenoue会在极度疼痛(pain)中挣扎着到达那个医疗检查点。hunger“饥饿”；cold“寒冷”；tiredness“疲劳”。故答案为B项。]
51．A．worried B．ashamed
C．confused D．discouraged
C [根据下文的“why her act is considered a big ”和“I feel...the right thing.”可知，Bailey是很疑惑的(confused)。worried “担心的”；ashamed“羞愧的”；discouraged“泄气的”。故答案为C项。]
52．A．game B．problem
C．lesson D．deal
D [根据下文Bailey对记者说的话可以看出，Bailey对其他人认为她的行为是一件重要的大事(a big deal)很不理解。故答案为D项。]
53．A．leave B．cure
C．bother D．understand
A [根据上文的“to help her fellow runner”以及“She was just crying.”可知，这里是指Bailey不能丢下(leave)她。cure“治愈”；bother“打扰”；underseand “理解”。]
54．A．ride B．test
C．meet D．show
C [根据上文可知，她们两个在这个比赛(meet)之前是不认识的。ride“骑行”；test“测试”；show“演出”。故答案为C项。]
55．A．secret B．display
C．benefit D．exchange
B [根据全文的描述可知，这里指的是人性善良的展示(display)赢得了最终胜利。secret“秘密”；benefit“益处”；exchange“交换”。故答案为B项。]
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，56.________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot.To eat one, you have to decide whether 57.________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), 58.________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头)．
Shanghai may be the 59.________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.There, you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed 60.________ hand rather than rolled.
Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61.________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 62.________(they) contents.The meat should be fresh with 63.________touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 64.________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 65.________(want) more next time.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的特色小吃小笼包，包括其吃法、发源地等。
56．tasty [考查形容词。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故填形容词tasty。]
57．to bite [考查非谓语动词。此处考查“whether＋不定式”结构，空处与下文的to put是并列关系。]
58．or [考查连词。whether...or...“是……还是……”是固定搭配。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口，把热气释放出来，冒着汤汁溢出来的风险，还是把整个包子塞进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。]
59．recognized [考查非谓语动词。此处表示“得到认可的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词recognized。]
60．by [考查介词。by hand“用手工”，是固定搭配。故填by。]
61．to be lifted [考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”。them与lift是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth.to be done结构，意为“允许某事被做”，故空处填to be lifted。]
62．their [考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。]
63．a [考查冠词。a touch of“少许，微量”，是固定搭配。句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味；汤汁要热、清澈并且美味。注意：and后面的并列分句承前省略了should be。]
64．rarely [考查副词。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely“几乎不”。]
65．wanting [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“leave sb.doing sth.”结构，表示“使某人一直做某事”。]
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．说明问题；
2．提出建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.__________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.We're overwhelmed with excitement at the knowledge that an oral English class will be arranged for us.But learning that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral practice, I feel an urge to express my different voice, hoping that this wouldn't offend you.
To begin with, it couldn't be better if students with mixed levels of English could be grouped together deliberately rather than at random, so that we can help each other during our practice. Additionally, to ensure that our oral practice goes smoothly, I suggest that you put three to four students together, with one as the group leader, in which case we can communicate with each other at a great depth.
Should it be possible, I truly hope you can take my suggestions into consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.I said no without thinking.I did not love writing.My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language.Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts.No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply：“Because I love your stories.If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject.Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming.My story would come straight from the horse's mouth.Not a brilliant idea，but funny，and unlikely to be anyone else's choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately.I got tired.I had doubts.I wanted to quit.But, like Revere's horse, I kept going.I worked hard.I checked my spelling.I asked my older sister to correct my grammar.I checked out a half-dozen books on Paul Revere from the library.I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great.Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again.When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing.If I didn't win, I wouldn't care.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.______________
_____________________________________________________________________
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[参考范文]
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I still remember it was a Monday morning in spring, when my teacher called me to his office, telling me that I had taken first place in the writing contest, and that I was the only winner whose native language wasn't English. Dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride at his words, I simply stood there dumbfounded, and my feet, as if rooted to the ground, couldn't move a bit. The next day, I was presented with my award and a certificate at the ceremony.
I went to my teacher's office after the award
presentation. Giggling instantly with a broad smile spreading on his face，he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance. It was at that moment that a warm surge of streams washed through my body, and the image of the horse emerged in my mind, encouraging me to continue writing. Indeed, I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance, whatever difficulties might arise.
20/25
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