五年高考真题分类集训
英语
3.历史、社会与文化
题组
一
用时：
易特记录：
Passage1(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·B篇)
1.Why did BART start the kiosk program
Do you ever get to the train station and realize
A.To promote the local culture.
you forgot to bring something to read Yes,we all
B.To discourage phone use.
have our phones,but many of us still like to go old
C.To meet passengers'needs.
school and read something printed.
D.To reduce its running costs.
Well,there's a kiosk(小亭)for that..In the San
2.How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
Francisco Bay Area,at least.
A.By popularity.
B.By length.
“You enter the fare gates(检票口)and you'll
C.By theme.
D.By language.
see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a
3.What has Trost been doing recently
one-minute,a three-minute,or a five-minute
A.Organizing a story contest.
story,"says Alicia Trost,the chief
B.Doing a survey of customers.
communications officer for the San Francisco Bay
C.Choosing a print publisher.
Area Rapid Transit-known as BART."You
D.Conducting interviews with artists.
choose which length you want and it gives you a
4.What is Trost's opinion about BART's future
receipt-like short story.
A.It will close down.
It's that simple.Riders have printed nearly
B.Its profits will decline.
20,000 short stories and poems since the program
C.It will expand nationwide.
was launched last March.Some are classic short
D.Its ridership will increase.
stories,and some are new original works.
Passage2(2023·全国乙卷·D篇)
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to
If you want to tell the history of the whole
local riders."We wanted to do something where
world,a history that does not privilege one part of
we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit
humanity,you cannot do it through texts alone,
stories for a contest,"Trost says."And as of right
because only some of the world has ever had texts.
now,we've received about 120 submissions.The
while most of the world,for most of the time,has
winning stories would go into our kiosk and then
not.Writing is one of humanity's later
you would be a published artist.
achievements,and until fairly recently even many
Ridership on transit(交通)systems across the
literate(有文字的)societies recorded their
country has been down the past half century,so
concerns not only in writing but in things.
could short stories save transit
Ideally a history would bring together texts
Trost thinks so.
and objects,and some chapters of this book are
"At the end of the day all transit agencies
able to do just that,but in many cases we simply
right now are doing everything they can to improve
can't.The clearest example of this between literate
the rider experience.So I absolutely think we will
and non-literate history is perhaps the first
get more riders just because of short stories,she
conflict,at Botany Bay,between Captain Cook's
says.
voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the
And you'll never be without something to
English side,we have scientific reports and the
read.
captain's record of that terrible day.From the
42可
详解答案
详解答案
Part One
阅读理解
译文：那让食物浪费成为了一个环境问题。
主题语境1人与自我
根据定位句可知，食物浪赏的后果是对环境造成了危害。
故选B。
1.生活与学习
3.D细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是第三句“Curtin
题组一
is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C..
Passage 1
which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.
语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自然一人与动物
知，Curtin的公司将人们不想要的食物制作成了健康的
中西医结合治疗动物
餐食。故选D。
【语篇解读】美国兽医William Farber因背痛尝试中医针
4,A细节理解题。【定位句】“Everyone can play a part in
灸治疗，之后病症得到缓解，然后他把针炎、按摩疗法、草药
reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food
和传统西医治疗相结合用于治疗动物。
than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking
l.A理解现点、态度。根据第一段中的“some of his coworkers
restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,"
occasionally laugh at his unusual methods'”可知，Farber的一些
Curtin says,(最后一段最后一句)
同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法，再结合第一段中Farber
译文：Curtin说：“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作
的话“I am not crazy”可知，Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪
用，无论是通过在你每周购物时不购买必要之外的食物，
故选A项。B项“他严格”：C项“他勇敢”：D项“他粗鲁”
还是通过让餐厅不要放你不吃的配菜，”
2.C理解具体信息。根据第二段中的“He became
根据定位句可知，Curtin建议人们只购买必需品。故
interested in alternative treatments...What worked on a
选A。
veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients'”可知
Passage 3
Farber尝试针灸治疗之后背痛得到了缓解，所以他认为
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自已的经
针灸治疗似乎也可以应用到宠物身上，也就是说他自己
历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地
作为病人从针灸治疗中获得了益处，所以决定把针灸应
方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦
用到宠物身上。故选C。A项“他在大字受过针灸训
敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一
练”：B项“他受到了另一位兽医的启发”：D项“他想为宠
个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时侯，终于找到了自己久违的熟
物主人省线”。
悉感。
3.D理解段落主旨要义。本段主要介绍了两个动物经过
l.A推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family
Farber的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介
settled quickly into the city except me.Without my
绍了Farber的“针灸，按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相
beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days,I felt at a loss
结合”的整体医学所取得的效果。故选D。A项“按摩疗
and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个
法的步骤”：B项“兽医工作的复杂性”：C项“罕见动物疾
城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”
病示例”
可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很
4.A理解目的。根据题干中的“American Holistic
好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A
Veterinary Medical Association”可将答策定位至最后一
2.B词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Andt小hat's what
段。“Since1982..grown from30 to over700”具体解释
mattered--landing tricks,being a good skater..(那才是真
上文中的“the pa3t”,所以作者提到该组织是为了证明冒
正重要的—一滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板
号前所说的“he may be right'”,即为了证明Farber的观点
玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大
是正确的。故选A。B项“为了强调它的重要性”；C项
声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选
“为了赞扬兽医”：D项“为了提倡动物保护”
项，故选B。
Passage 2
3.D推理判断题。根据第四段“‘I was a local here20
体裁：夹叙夹议文主题语境：人与社会
years ago,'I told him.Then,slowly,he began to nod his
【语篇解读】文章通过讲述作者扔掉芝麻菜的故事表明，人
head.‘Safe,man.Safe.’(我告诉他：‘我20年前经常在这
们有时会无意识地浪费很多食物，旨在告诉人们减少浪费。
里玩滑板，’他缓慢地开始向我点头：‘嗨，你好！’)”可推
l.B推理判断题。【定位句】But as days passed,thc
知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板
arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought
的回忆，故选D。
way too much;I could have made six salads with what I
4,C推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不
threw out.(第一段最后两句)
适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋
译文：但是随着日子一天天过去，芝麻莱变质了。甚至更
友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到
糟糕的是，我已经不假思索地买了太多；我原本可以用我
很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到
扔掉的东西做六次沙拉的。
伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在
根据第一段内容尤其是定位句可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻
与一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的回忆
莱的故事表明我们有时会无意识地浪货食物。故选B。
通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很
2.B细节理解题。【定位句】That makes food waste an
重要的，故选C。
environmental problem.(第三段第二句)
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