期末复习：语法专项练习题（含答案）2024-2025学年人教版（2012）八年级英语下册

八年级下册期末复习：语法专项练习题（一）
情态动词should的用法和反身代词
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. My leg hurts. Should I ________ (put) some medicine on it
2. I always tell ________ (I) not to give up every time I fail.
3. We stayed at home and read some books to relax _________ (we).
4. Yesterday Alice tried paragliding and she enjoyed ______ (her) very much.
5. Something is wrong with my father’s new computer. It always turns _________ (it) off.
二、单项选择。
1. People ____ talk on a mobile phone while they are driving.
A. shouldn’t
B. needn’t
C. must
D. can
2. —Only ten tickets What do you mean There ____ be twelve.
—Sorry, Linda. Jacky and Tim took two tickets away.
A. should
B. will
C. can
D. may
3. Nobody taught the old man how to play with Tik Tok. He taught ____.
A. myself
B. himself
C. herself
4.Boys and girls, you should look after ____ when your parents are not at home.
A. himself
B. herself
C. yourselves
D. themselves
5.As the art festival is coming, they are preparing everything by ____.
A. yourselves
B. ourselves
C. themselves
短语动词和动词不定式
一、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1.我们应该学会如何礼貌地拒绝他人的邀请。
We should learn how to ____ ____ others' invitation politely.
2.我盼望收到你的来信。
I'm ____ ____ ____ hearing from you.
3.你最好不要在工作日去看他。
You had better ____ ____ to visit him on weekdays.
4.做往往比说更重要。
____ ____ something is usually more important than to say something.
5.有时这些决定可能会太难而无法实现。
Sometimes the resolutions may be ____ difficult ____ keep.
二、. 单项选择。
1.—Why does Linda dislike me
—I don't know. You'll have to ____ the reason yourself.
A. go out
B. bring out
C. come out
D. find out
2.—Bob, you have to finish your school project today.
—Don't worry, Mum. I won't ____ today's work till tomorrow.
A. put off
B. take off
C. give up
D. set up
3.The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ____ it.
A. sell
B. sells
C. sold
D. to sell
4.____ myself, I will take up a hobby like painting this summer.
A. Improve
B. Improving
C. To improve
D. Improved
5.Mr. Brown told his son not ____ the paintings in the museum.
A. touch
B. to touch
C. touching
D. Touched
情态动词could的用法
情态动词 could 构成的句型可用于向对方委婉地提出请求或征求对方的许可。它本身不能作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。
1. 用于委婉地请求别人做某事
常用句型 Could you (please) do sth.
肯定答语 OK./Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem./Yes, sure./…
否定答语 Sorry, I can’t. I have to…/I’m afraid not./I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…/…
2. 用于委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事
常用句型 Could I do sth.
肯定答语 Yes, you can./Certainly./Yes, please./…
否定答语 Sorry, you can’t./I’m afraid you can’t./…
一、.根据对话内容，用情态动词 can, could 或 must 的适当形式填空，使对话完整通顺。
A: Hey, Jimmy! 1. ____ you take the dog for a walk now
B: Sorry, I 2. ____, Kate! I’m busy. I have no time to do that.
A: What are you doing
B: I’m busy drawing a picture. I 3. ____ hand it in (上交) tomorrow.
A: 4. ____ I have a look at it
B: No problem.
A: Mm, it looks nice. By the way, 5. ____ I use your computer I need to look up some information for my homework, but my computer doesn’t work.
B: Of course you 6. ____. Remember to turn it off after you use it.
A: OK, I will.
二、 单项选择。
1.—____ you give me a hand I can’t move the box by myself.
—No problem.
A. Could
B. Should
C. Must
D. Need
2.—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree. Even Einstein ____ read until he was seven.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. couldn’t
D. needn’t
3.—Mom, could I go out with my friends
—____, but you have to come back before 10:00.
A. Sorry, you can’t
B. Yes, you can
C. No way
4.—Ruby, could you please help me solve these problems
—____, but still half are left for you to do by yourself.
A. I don’t think so
B. I hope not
C. With pleasure
D. It’s my pleasure
5.—Could you please do the dishes
—____. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.
A. Yes, sure
B. No problem
C. Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t
D. That would be fine
提建议的常用句型和until,so that及although 引导的状语从句
1. 常用的提建议的句型
句型 Why don’t you do sth. = Why not do sth. （你）为什么不做某事呢？
What/How about (doing) sth. （做）某事怎么样？
Let’s do sth. 我们做某事吧。
You’d better (not) do sth. 你最好（不）做某事。
You should (not) do sth. 你（不）应该做某事。
You could do sth. 你可以做某事。
Would you like sth./to do sth. 你想要某物/做某事吗？
Shall we do sth. 我们做某事好吗？
2. until 引导的时间状语从句
连词 until 意为“到……时；直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句。
3. so that 引导的目的状语从句和结果状语从句
(1) so that 意为“以便；为了”时，引导目的状语从句，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号与主句隔开。
（2）so that 意为“因此，所以”时，引导结果状语从句，可用逗号与主句隔开。
4.although 引导的让步状语从句
连词 although 意为“虽然；尽管；即使”，引导让步状语从句，相当于 though。
一、 按要求完成句子。
1. Why don’t you clean up your room at once （改为同义句）
____ ____ clean up your room at once
2. Bob likes basketball, but he can’t play it.（改为同义句）
____ Bob likes basketball, he can’t play it.
3. 学好英语，以便我们能够与世界分享中国故事。（完成句子）
Learn English well ____ ____ we can share Chinese stories with the world.
我的老师们直到完成了这项工作才回家。（翻译句子）
___________________________________________________________
二、单项选择。
1.I don’t understand my teacher’s great love ____ I become a teacher myself.
A. if
B. until
C. since
D. though
2.Our headmaster asks us to watch news every day ____ we can find out what’s going on around the world.
A. so that
B. even though
C. in order to
D. instead of
3.____ he is 72 years old, ____ he keeps running every day.
A. Although; but
B. Although; /
C. But; /
4.—What about joining the science club with me
—____. I’m looking forward to it.
A. Good idea
B. With pleasure
C. Never mind
D. It doesn’t matter
5.—Would you like to go to the movies with me tonight
—____. I have to prepare for my English test.
A. Yes, I would
B. I’m afraid not
C. Never mind
D. I’d love to
提建议的常用句型和until,so that及although 引导的状语从句
一、过去进行时
1. 定义
表示过去某个时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作。
2. 构成：was/were + 动词 -ing 形式
当主语是第一人称单数形式或第三人称单数形式时，be动词用was；其余人称be动词用were。
3. 常用的时间状语
at this/that time yesterday，at six yesterday morning等。
4. 基本句式结构
句式类型 结构
肯定句 主语 + was/were + 动词 -ing 形式 + 其他.
否定句 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 动词 -ing 形式 + 其他.
一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 动词 -ing 形式 + 其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were（+ 主语） + 动词 -ing 形式 +他
Ⅰ. 单项选择。
1.—Jane, I called you last night but nobody answered.
—Oh, my parents and I ____ a walk in the park at that time.
A. are taking
B. were taking
C. have taken
2.—Why didn’t you open the door for me, Jim
—I ____ clothes in the bathroom. I didn’t hear the knock.
A. am washing
B. have washed
C. was washing
D. washed
3.Li Lei ____ the school bus last Friday.
A. misses
B. missed
C. was missing
D. has missed
4.While Sally ____ the housework, her mother came back from work.
A. are doing
B. was doing
C. did
5.—____ did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu
—While we ____ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon.
A. When; have had
B. When; were having
C. While; are having
D. While; have
二、根据上下文提示，在横线上填入合适的句子补全对话。
A: Hey, Bob! I called you at eleven this morning. 1. ________.
B: Oh, Bill, everybody in my family was busy at that time.
A: 2. ________
B: My mom was cooking lunch for us in the kitchen.
A: 3. ________
B: My dad was washing his car outside.
A: 4. ________
B: No, I wasn’t helping him. 5. ________.
A: Then why didn’t you pick up the phone
B: Because I was listening to music while I was doing the homework.
形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
英语中的形容词和副词常用三种形式 ，事物的等级差别，即原级、比较级和最高级。
巧记 形容词和副词比较等级变化口诀
比较级要变化，一般词尾加 -er。
词尾若有哑音 e，直接加 -r 就可以。
一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写。
辅音字母 y 结尾，y 先改 i 加 -er。
最高级也容易，规律类似比较级。
只需 -er 改为 -est，前面加 the 莫忘记。
形容词、副词若是多音节，只把 more, most 前面写。
一、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Roy is a great dancer. He dances _________ (beautiful) than others.
2.Who can run ________ (fast) in your class
3.After a night’s rain, the mountains are much greener and the air is much ________ (fresh).
4.The harder you work, the ________ (luck) you will be.
5. The Amazon River is the second ________ (long) river in the world.
二、 单项选择。
1.—What do you do to keep healthy
—I do more sports and eat ____ fast food.
A. less
B. fewer
C. more
2.—Do you know that Tom is one of ____ students in his class
—Yes, I do. He’s as ____ as my brother.
A. the tallest; taller
B. tallest; taller
C. the tallest; tall
D. tallest; tall
3.—I’m proud of Ezhou, our homeland.
—So am I. It is becoming ____.
A. more and more beautifully
B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. more and more beautiful
D. more beautifully and beautifully
4.Hi, Mom is ____ than any other film that I’ve ever seen.
A. popular
B. the most popular
C. too popular
D. more popular
5. Making robots is one of ____ activities among students. Each of them has his own robot.
A. more popular
B. the most popular
C. more difficult
D. the most difficult
现在完成时
按要求完成句子，每空一词。
一、按要求完成句子，每空一词。
1. I have already seen the film.（改为否定句）
I ____ ____ the film ____.
2.（天水中考）—Have Tom and Jerry seen this movie before （补全否定回答）
—No, ____ ____.
3.（牡丹江中考）Tom borrowed the book two weeks ago.（改为同义句）
Tom ____ ____ the book for two weeks.
4. From then on Mary worked as a volunteer.（用 ever since then 改写句子）
Mary ____ ____ as a volunteer ever since then.
5. The Greens have already lived in Beijing for 20 years.（对画线部分提问）
____ ____ ____ the Greens ____ in Beijing
二、单项选择。
1.I saw Julia in April and I ____ her since then.
A. don’t see
B. didn’t see
C. won’t see
D. haven’t seen
2.Jim ____ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school.
A. learns
B. learned
C. will learn
D. has learned
3.—The book is popular. ____ you ____ it yet
—Yes, I have.
A. Are; reading
B. Were; reading
C. Have; read
D. Will; read
4.—Dad, I can’t find my school ID card. Did you see it
—No, I didn’t. I think you ____ it!
A. lose
B. will lose
C. have lost
D. are losing
5. —Have you finished your homework ____
—Not ____. I need another hour.
A. yet; already
B. already; yet
C. yet; yet
D. already; already
6. —Have you ever ____ to Caozhou Peony Garden
—Yes, I ____ there last year.
A. been; went
B. gone; went
C. been; gone
D. gone; gone
7.—Miss Zhang seems quite familiar with Yunnan Province.
—Don’t you know She ____ a town school there as a volunteer teacher for over 2 years.
A. is in
B. has gone to
C. has been in
D. has been to
8.—Why won’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon
—Because they ____ Longzhong for a study trip.
A. have gone to
B. have been to
C. had gone to
D. had been to
9.—Where is your uncle
—He ____ America and he ____ New York for two weeks.
A. has been to; has been in
B. has gone to; will stay in
C. has been in; has been to
D. has stayed in; has gone to
10.—Where’s Mr. Yang
—He ____ Longquan Mountain in Danzhai. He ____ there three times because he enjoys the local scenery.
A. has gone to; has been
B. has gone to; has gone to
C. has been to; has gone
D. has been to; has been to
11.—Why are you in such a hurry
—Because the class ____ for 10 minutes.
A. has been on
B. has begun
C. is on
D. begins
12.—May I speak to Wang Li
—Sorry, she is not at home. She ____ since last month.
A. left
B. has left
C. has been away
D. went away
13.—What do you usually do in your spare time
—I often go to our community library. It____ for two years in order to encourage us to read more.
A. opens
B. has opened
C. has been opened
D. has been open
14.—Mum, I want to watch the news about our school. Change the channel, please!
—What a pity! It is eight o’clock now. It ____ for a while.
A. has been over
B. was over
C. has finished
D. finished
15.—Where are the teachers now
—In the meeting room. They ____ the meeting for 10 minutes.
A. have begun
B. have been on
C. have had
D. have been held
参考答案：
情态动词should的用法和反身代词
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. put
- 解析：should是情态动词，后接动词原形。
2. myself
- 解析：“告诉自己”用反身代词myself，与主语I对应。
3. ourselves
- 解析：“放松自己”用反身代词ourselves，与主语we对应。
4. herself
- 解析：enjoy oneself为固定搭配，主语she对应herself。
5. itself
- 解析：“它自己关机”用反身代词itself，指代computer。
二、单项选择
1. A. shouldn’t
- 解析：开车时“不应该”打电话，表建议用shouldn’t。
2. A. should
- 解析：“应该有12张票”，表预期用should。
3. B. himself
- 解析：“他自学”，反身代词与主语he对应。
4. C. yourselves
- 解析：主语是“Boys and girls”，反身代词用yourselves。
5. C. themselves
- 解析：“他们自己准备一切”，反身代词与they对应。
短语动词和动词不定式
一、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. turn down
- 解析：“拒绝”用短语turn down。
2. looking forward to
- 解析：“盼望”用look forward to，注意to为介词。
3. not go
- 解析：had better not do sth. 表示“最好不做某事”。
4. Doing something
- 解析：动名词作主语，与后半句to say对应。
5. too; to
- 解析：too...to... 表示“太……而不能……”。
二、单项选择
1. D. find out
- 解析：“查明原因”用find out。
2. A. put off
- 解析：“推迟工作”用put off，符合语境“不把今天的事拖到明天”。
3. D. to sell
- 解析：agree to do sth. 为固定搭配。
4. C. To improve
- 解析：不定式表目的，“为了提升自己”。
5. B. to touch
- 解析：tell sb. not to do sth. 为固定结构。
情态动词could的用法
一、根据对话内容填空
1. Could/Can
2. can’t
3. must
4. Could/Can
5. could/can
6. can
- 解析：could用于委婉请求，肯定回答用can；must表“必须”，符合“明天要上交”的语境。
二、单项选择
1. A. Could
- 解析：委婉请求用could you...
2. C. couldn’t
- 解析：until引导过去时间，用过去式couldn’t表“不能”。
3. B. Yes, you can
- 解析：允许且需在10点前回来，用肯定回答。
4. C. With pleasure
- 解析：“乐意帮忙”用With pleasure，符合语境。
5. C. Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t
- 解析：手指受伤需拒绝，用委婉否定回答。
提建议的句型和状语从句
一、按要求完成句子
1. Why not
- 解析：Why not do sth. 与Why don’t you do sth. 同义。
2. Although/Though
- 解析：引导让步状语从句，“虽然Bob喜欢篮球，但不会打”。
3. so that
- 解析：表目的“以便”，用so that引导从句。
4. My teachers didn’t go home until they finished the work.
- 解析：not...until... 表示“直到……才……”。
二、单项选择
1. B. until
- 解析：not...until... 表示“直到……才……”。
2. A. so that
- 解析：引导目的状语从句，“为了了解世界”。
3. B. Although; /
- 解析：although不与but连用，选B。
4. A. Good idea
- 解析：对建议表示赞同用“好主意”。
5. B. I’m afraid not
- 解析：因准备考试拒绝，用委婉否定。
过去进行时
一、单项选择
1. B. were taking
- 解析：过去某时正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，主语为复数用were。
2. C. was washing
- 解析：“敲门时正在洗衣服”，用过去进行时。
3. B. missed
- 解析：last Friday为过去时间，用一般过去时。
4. B. was doing
- 解析：while引导的从句用过去进行时表持续动作。
5. B. When; were having
- 解析：提问时间用when，回答用过去进行时表“正在上课”。
形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. more beautifully
- 解析：than提示比较级，多音节副词加more。
2. fastest
- 解析：in your class表范围，用最高级。
3. fresher
- 解析：much修饰比较级，fresh直接加-er。
4. luckier
- 解析：the + 比较级...the + 比较级，“越努力越幸运”。
5. longest
- 解析：“第二长”用最高级，前加the。
二、单项选择
1. A. less
- 解析：fast food不可数，“更少”用less。
2. C. the tallest; tall
- 解析：one of + the + 最高级；as...as中间用原级。
3. C. more and more beautiful
- 解析：多音节形容词比较级用more and more + 原级。
4. D. more popular
- 解析：than提示比较级，popular前加more。
5. B. the most popular
- 解析：one of + the + 最高级，“最受欢迎的活动之一”。
现在完成时
一、按要求完成句子
1. haven’t seen; yet
- 解析：现在完成时否定在have后加not，already变yet。
2. they haven’t
- 解析：Tom and Jerry为复数，否定回答用they haven’t。
3. has kept
- 解析：borrow为短暂性动词，for two weeks需改为延续性动词keep。
4. has worked
- 解析：ever since then提示现在完成时，主语Mary用has。
5. How long have; lived
- 解析：对for+时间段提问用how long，后接现在完成时。
二、单项选择
1. D. haven’t seen
- 解析：since then提示现在完成时，结构为have/has + 过去分词。
2. D. has learned
- 解析：since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。
3. C. Have; read
- 解析：yet提示现在完成时，一般疑问句用have + 过去分词。
4. C. have lost
- 解析：“已经弄丢了”用现在完成时表结果。
5. C. yet; yet
- 解析：yet用于疑问句和否定句，already用于肯定句。
6. A. been; went
- 解析：have been to表示“去过”，last year用一般过去时went。
7. C. has been in
- 解析：for over 2 years表持续，用has been in（在某地）。
8. A. have gone to
- 解析：“去了龙中”未返回，用have gone to。
9. B. has gone to; will stay in
- 解析：has gone to表示“去了未回”，“将待两周”用一般将来时。
10. A. has gone to; has been
- 解析：has gone to（去了），has been（去过三次）。
11. A. has been on
- 解析：for 10 minutes表持续，begin为短暂性动词，改为be on。
12. C. has been away
- 解析：since last month提示现在完成时，leave改为be away。
13. D. has been open
- 解析：open作形容词表状态，与for two years连用。
14. A. has been over
- 解析：“结束一段时间”用现在完成时，finish为短暂性动词，改为be over。
15. C. have had
- 解析：“开会10分钟”，用have a meeting的现在完成时。
解析核心逻辑：
1. 情态动词：should表建议，could表委婉请求，must表必须。
2. 反身代词：与主语保持人称一致（myself/himself/themselves等）。
3. 动词不定式：常接在want/agree/decide等动词后，表目的用to do。
4. 状语从句：until（直到）、so that（目的/结果）、although（让步）需注意引导词用法。
5. 时态：过去进行时（was/were + doing）表过去某时正在发生；现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）强调动作对现在的影响，注意短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换。
6. 比较级与最高级：规则变化加-er/-est，多音节词前加more/most，最高级前需加the。