UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
主题语境 人与自然
背多分1 单元词汇 多维速记
写作词汇 1.natural landscapes自然风景 2.living animals and plants有生命的动物和植物 3.a little deer一只小鹿 4.get lost in jungles在丛林中迷路 5.on the edge of extinction濒临灭绝 6.overuse natural resources过度使用自然资源 7.street lamps路灯 8.a lecture about environmental protection关于环保的讲座 9.the title of the article文章的标题 10.millions of students数百万的学生 11.heat the soil给土壤加热 12.a sense of duty责任感 13.a warm shelter一个温暖的避难所 14.the businessmen coming from overseas来自海外的商人
阅读词汇 1.disaster n. 灾难;灾祸 2.flood n. 洪水,水灾 3.drought n. 干旱,旱灾 4.eruption n. 爆发 5.wildlife n. 野生动植物,野生生物 6.climate n. 气候 7.ecology n. 生态;生态学 8.wave n. 海浪;波涛 9.file n. 档案,卷宗 10.poetry n. 诗歌;作诗的艺术 11.soul n. 灵魂 12.tube n. 管子,圆管;地铁(伦敦) 13.site n. 场所,地点 14.vehicle n. 交通工具,车辆 15.captain n. 上校;队长,组长
派生词形 1.survive v.活下来,幸存→survival n.幸存,幸存物→survivor n.幸存者 2.crowded adj.拥挤的;挤满人的→crowd n.人群,观众 民众v.挤满,聚集,涌进 3.living adj.活的,活着的→live v.活着,居住→lively adj.活泼的,有生气的 4.shock vt.使震惊,使难以置信→shocked adj.感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人感到震惊的 5.poetry n.诗歌;作诗的艺术→poem n.诗→poet n.诗人 6.frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的→frighten v.恐吓,威胁→frightening adj.令人感到害怕的→fright n.害怕;恐惧 7.horrible adj.可怕的,吓人的,令人恐惧的→horribly adv.可怕地,恐怖地→horror n.恐怖,惊恐 8.curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n.好奇,好奇心 9.observation n.观察,观察结果→observe v.观察→observer n.观察者 10.equal adj.相等的,相同的→equally adv.相等地,同样地→equality n.相等,相同,平等 11.death n.死,死亡→die v.死亡→dead adj.死的,无生命的 12.operation n.行动,活动;手术;操作→operate v.做手术;操作 作战,执行任务→operator n.操作员;接线员 13.suffering n. (肉体或精神上的)痛苦;折磨→suffer v.遭受;受苦;患病 14.conduct vt.实施,进行;执行 vi. & vt.指挥→conductor n. (合唱队等)指挥→conduction n.传导 15.breathe vi. & vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 16.dust n.灰尘,尘埃→dusty adj.满是灰尘的 17.explorer n.探险者,勘察者→explore v.探索,探险→exploration n.探险,探索 18.preparation n.预备,准备→prepare v.预备,准备 19.base n.基地,大本营,基础 vt.以……为基地→basic adj.基本的,基础的→basically adv.基本上,大体上→basis n.原因;基础 20.anxiously adv.焦虑地,不安地→anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的→anxiety n.焦虑 21.ambition n.抱负,雄心,追求,夙愿→ambitious adj.有雄心的 22.cheerful adj.高兴的,兴高采烈的→cheerfully adv.兴高采烈地→cheer n.欢呼声 v.欢呼,(使)振奋 23.distant adj.久远的,遥远的→distance n.距离,远方 24.honesty n.坦诚,诚实,正直→honest adj.诚实的,正直的→honestly adv.诚实地,坦白地 25.sincerity n.真诚,真挚,诚实→sincere adj.诚挚的,真诚的→sincerely adv.真诚地,诚实地 26.bravery n.勇气,勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的,无畏的→bravely adv.英勇地,毅然地 27.varied adj.各种各样的,形形色色的→vary v.不同,变化→various adj.不同的,各种各样的→variety n.多样性,变化
派生词形 28.scary adj.可怕的,恐怖的→scare v.使恐惧,使害怕→scared adj.害怕的 29.harmless adj.无害的→harm v.伤害,损害,危害→harmful adj.有害的 30.skiing n.滑雪运动→ski n.滑雪板 vi.滑雪 31.disappearance n.消亡,消失→disappear v.消失,消亡→appear v.出现,露面 32.protection n.保护,防护→protect v.保护,防护 投保
重点短语 动词短语 1.protect ... from/against ... 保护……免受…… 2.be famous for 因……而闻名 3.be home to 是……的所在地 4.take good care of 好好照顾 5.be based on 以……为基础 6.run out 用完,耗尽 7.pay attention to 注意 8.search for 寻找 9.try one’s best to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 10.sound like 听起来像 11.take part 参加,加入 12.have difficulty with 有……困难 13.carry on 继续 14.become curious about 对……变得好奇 15.be covered with 覆盖着 16.turn one’s back on 对……置之不理,对……撒手不管 17.suffer from 遭受 18.make use of 利用 19.break down 停止运转,出故障 介词短语和其他 20.in preparation for 为……做准备 21.at one time 曾经,一度 22.on the edge of 在……边缘,某事快要发生 23.on one’s way back 在某人回去的路上 24.in such a way 以这样一种方式 25.at the beginning of 在……开始时 26.as well as 以及……,和…… 27.if possible 如果可能的话 28.the moment 一……就…… 29.as a result 因此,结果 30.as soon as 一……就……
背多分2 单元重点 语境背记
flood n. 洪水;水灾;大量 vi.& vt. (flooded, flooded, flooding) 淹没;(使)泛滥;使灌满水;大量涌入;充满;挤满
背重点 背写作佳句
1)a flood of ...一大批…… in floods of tears泪如雨下 2)flood in/into/out of大量涌入;蜂拥而出 表“情感”的名词+flood over sb某人非常/深感…… flood back涌上心头 3)be flooded with充满/挤满…… ①Sweet memories came flooding ________ and Jane was in floods of tears.甜蜜的回忆涌上心头,简哭得像个泪人似的。(情感描写) ②A great sense of relief and pride flooded ________ my father.我的父亲深感宽慰和骄傲。(情感描写) ③She drew back the curtains and the sunlight flooded ________.她拉开窗帘,阳光洒了进来。(写景)
shock vt. (shocked, shocked, shocking) (使) 震惊;使难以置信 n. 休克;震惊;令人震惊的事→shocked adj. 感到震惊的→shocking adj. 令人震惊的
背重点 背写作佳句
1)shock sb使某人震惊 2)be a shock to sb对某人而言是一件令人震惊的事 in shock吃惊地;震惊地 3)be shocked at sth对某事感到震惊 be shocked to do sth因做某事而感到震惊 ①________ shocks us most is that the ocean is becoming severely polluted.最令我们震惊的是,海洋正受到严重污染。(2022·全国甲卷短文) ②In her first PE class, Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.在她的第一堂体育课上,当皮特教练宣布每个人都必须绕着外面的跑道跑一英里时,伊娃惊呆了。(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写) ③On a cold morning, I opened the door and was shocked ________ (find) him badly injured.一个寒冷的早晨,我打开门,震惊地发现他受了重伤。(动作描写)
escape vi.& vt. (escaped, escaped, escaping) 逃走;逃离;逃避;被忘掉;(气体、液体等)泄漏 n. 逃跑;逃脱;解脱
背重点 背写作佳句
1)escape (doing) sth逃避/逃脱(做)某事 escape from从……逃脱;逃避 sth (the name/date/title等) escape sb 某人记不起某事(名字/日期/名称等) escape sb’s attention/notice逃过某人的注意 2)a narrow escape九死一生;死里逃生 ①The girl looks quite familiar, but her name escapes me.这个女孩看起来很眼熟,但是我想不起她的名字了。 ②The thief grabbed his cellphone, escaped ________ the crowds, squeezed onto the bus, and disappeared.小偷一把抢走他的手机,逃进人群,挤上公交车,不见了。(动作描写) ③For her, travel is an escape ________ the boredom of her everyday life.对她来说,旅行是为了从乏味的日常生活中暂时解脱出来。
survive (survived, survived, surviving) vi. 生存;存活 vt. 活下来;幸存;艰难度过;比……活得长
背重点 背写作佳句
1)survive on靠……生存;靠……维持生活 survive sth幸免于某事;从某事中挺过来,活过来 survive sb by+时间段 比某人多活…… 2)survive from ... as ...作为……从……留存下来 ①The ancient building survived ________ the Tang Dynasty ________ a museum.这栋古建筑从唐朝留存至今用作了博物馆。(短文) ②Life isn’t about how to survive storms, but how to dance in the rain.生活不在于挺过暴雨,而在于在雨中翩翩起舞。(主旨升华) ③I wonder how they can survive ________ such poor income.我很想知道他们靠那么可怜的收入是怎么活下来的。
curious adj. 好奇的;奇异的;奇怪的
背重点 背写作佳句
1)be curious about对……好奇 be curious to do好奇地做 2)with curiosity好奇地 out of curiosity出于好奇 arouse/satisfy one’s curiosity 激起/满足某人的好奇心 ①Jane turned toward the boys, wide-eyed, curious ________ (see) what was going on.简转向男孩子们,睁大了眼睛,好奇地想看看发生了什么事。(情感描写) ②It’s curious that she left without saying goodbye.她不辞而别让人有点奇怪。(情感描写) ③My ________ (curious) got the better of me and I opened the door and peeped inside.我的好奇心占了上风,于是我打开房门,向里边窥视。(无灵主语句)
trap vt. (trapped, trapped, trapping) 储存;留存;困住;使陷入圈套;使陷入危险中 n. 陷阱;圈套;捕捉器
背重点 背写作佳句
1)trap sb into (doing) sth使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套;使某人中计 be/get trapped in ...被困在……中 2)fall into the trap of doing sth落入做某事的圈套 ①I’m often trapped ________ some new words when reading English.我读英语时,经常被一些新单词难住。(求助信) ②Whatever you do, don’t fall into the trap of thinking that you’re always right.不管你做任何事情,千万不要落入思维误区,认为你总是对的。 ③The shopkeeper trapped me ________ buying a lot of products that I didn’t need.店主诱骗我买了许多我不需要的产品。
attempt n.& vt. (attempted, attempted, attempting) 企图;努力;尝试
背重点 背写作佳句
1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth试图做某事 at the first attempt第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth为了做某事;努力做某事 2)attempt to do sth努力做某事;企图做某事 ①If you fail ________ the first attempt, there is no need to be upset about it. 如果你第一次尝试失败的话,也没必要为此沮丧。(劝慰信) ②Later, the cat leapt onto the bed. Not wanting cat hair on the bed, I attempted to chase her away.后来,猫跳到床上。我不想床上有猫毛,就试图把她赶走。(人与动物) ③Panicked as I was, I make ________ attempt to collect my thoughts, trying to explain the situation in a way as concise as possible.尽管我很惊慌,但我试图整理思绪,试图用尽可能简洁的方式解释当时的情况。(心理描写)
loss n. 丧失;损失;死亡
背重点 背写作佳句
1)the loss of ...失去…… a sense of loss失落感 (be) at a loss感到迷惑;不知所措 2)be lost in sth专注于某事/某物;沉浸于某事/某物 be lost to the world全神贯注 be lost for words不知说什么好 ①In the vast expanse of her school, a girl with poor directional skills struggled to navigate and often got ________ (lose).在广阔的校园里,一个方向感差的女孩很难找到正确的方向,经常迷路。(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写) ②Lost ________ words, I held him in my arms, stroking his hair.不知说什么好,我把他抱在怀里,抚摸着他的头发。(动作描写) ③The snowy mountaintops formed beautiful scenery, leaving us ________ a loss for words.白雪皑皑的山顶构成了美丽的风景,美得让我们无法用语言形容。(写景)
measure n. 措施;方法 vt. (measured, measured, measuring) 测量;度量;估量;衡量 linking v. (系动词)(尺寸、长短、数量等的)量度为
背重点 背写作佳句
1)measure ... by ...用……来衡量…… be measured by/in ...用……来衡量/计算 measure sb for sth给某人量(衣服)尺寸 2)take measures/steps/action to do sth采取措施做某事 make sth to sb’s measure照某人的尺寸做某物 ①It is high time that effective measures were taken to protect the ocean from pollution.是时候采取有效措施阻止海洋被污染了。(2022·全国甲卷短文) ②We rode along the river ________ (measure) over 500 meters long until we finally reached the farm.我们沿着这条长500多米的河骑马前行,最后到了农场。(浙江卷读后续写) ③Success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome.成功并不是由一个人一生所到达的位置所决定的,而是由他克服的困难所决定的。(发言稿)
breathe vi.& vt. (breathed, breathed, breathing) 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸的空气;呼吸
背重点 背写作佳句
1)breathe in/out吸气/呼气 breathe a sigh of relief如释重负;松了口气 2)hold one’s breath屏住呼吸 catch one’s breath喘息;平复呼吸 lose one’s breath喘不过气来 take a deep breath深呼吸 take sb’s breath away令某人惊叹 ①Out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain, from where the view took our breath ________.我们上气不接下气地到了山顶,从山顶眺望,景色美得令人惊叹。(环境描写) ②Running all the way to school, Ann made it to her classroom, out of breath/breathless.安一路跑到学校,终于上气不接下气地到了教室。(动作描写) ③Everything done, we breathed a sigh of relief.一切结束,我们如释重负地松了一口气。(心理描写)
anxiously adv. 焦虑地;不安地→anxious adj. 焦虑的;不安的;焦急的;急切的
背重点 背写作佳句
1)be anxious about/for ...为……担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth急于做某事 give sb an anxious look焦急地看某人一眼 2)with anxiety (=anxiously)焦虑地 anxiety for ...对……的渴望 ①She was anxious ________ (finish) school and get a well-paid job.她渴望毕业并找一份高薪工作。 ②As the sky gradually darkened, a wave of anxiety seized/flooded over/swept over him.天色渐暗,他感到一阵不安。(情感细节) ③So anxious did I feel that my palms were sweating.我感到非常紧张,手心都在冒汗。(情感描写)
prove vt. (proved, proven, proving) 证明;展现;证实 linking v. (系动词)证明是
背重点 背写作佳句
1)prove sth to sb向某人证明某事 prove sb/sth (to be)+adj./n.证明某人/某物…… prove that/wh-从句证明…… It is proved that ...据证明…… 2)prove (to be)+n./adj.证明是;结果是 3)There is no proof that ...没有证据表明…… ①In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI.如果是由能力较差的人写的,那么这样的一本书的处理过程可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂。(人工智能) ②The accident proved to me that nothing is more precious than life.这次事故向我证明了生命最珍贵。(主旨升华) ③It is ________ (prove) that this method has high precision, strong restrain against noises.结果证明,该方法精确度高,噪声抑制力强。
observe vt. (observed, observed, observing) 观察;注意;看到;庆祝;庆贺;遵守/奉行
背重点 背写作佳句
1)observe sb do sth观察某人做某事(全过程) observe sb doing sth观察某人正在做某事 observe sb/sth done ...观察到某人/物被……(被动的动作) observe the traffic rules遵守交通规则 observe the Spring Festival过春节 2)under observation正在被观察 ①The Mid-Autumn Festival is observed on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.农历八月十五过中秋节。(传统文化) ②One day, during gym class, she observed a unique way to find her way—following the shadows of trees.一天,在体育课上,她发现了一种独特的寻路方法——跟着树的影子走。(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写) ③Although winning was a great feeling, all of us agreed to observe the spirit of fair play.虽然获胜感觉很棒,但我们所有人都一致认为应遵循公平竞争的宗旨。(主旨升华)
短语1pick up 捡起/拿起/取/学会/染上/接收
背重点 背写作佳句
1)pick oneself up (跌倒后)站起来 pick sb up去接某人;救某人 sth (economy, situation, life, health ect.) pick up (经济、情况、生活、健康等)好转 2)pick sb/sth out挑选出某人/某物 pick sb/sb’s voice out认出某人/分辨出某人的声音 ①Though he tripped over within the first few kilometers, it didn’t take long before he picked himself up again and continued running.虽然他在开始的几公里内被绊倒了,但他很快就站了起来,继续跑。(2022·新高考卷读后续写) ②He picked me ________ at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.他在四天前让我下车的汽车站接我。(2024·新课标卷读后续写) ③However, one day, in the music class that was part of his school’s standard curriculum, he was playing the piano and found it easy to pick ________ different tunes.然而,有一天,他在学校标准课程里的音乐课上弹了钢琴,发现自己很容易就能辨别不同音调。
短语2run out 用完;耗尽
背重点 背写作佳句
1)run out of用完,耗尽 2)run for竞选 run to sb向某人求助 run into撞上 run away跑开 run across偶然发现;不期而遇 3)use up用完,耗尽 ①They have run out of ideas.他们已经想不出任何办法了。 ②What would I do Whom would I run ________ Mum was still away.我该怎么办 我能向谁求助 妈妈还没回来。(心理描写) ③An unhealthy-looking face makes people run ________.一张看起来不健康的脸会让别人觉得排斥。 ④When you walk through the forest, you may run ________ snakes.走过森林时你可能会遇到蛇。
短语3break down (机器等)出故障,坏掉;(身体) 垮掉,情不自禁地哭起来;失败;分解;破坏
背重点 背写作佳句
break away from脱离;背叛;逃脱 break in闯入,强行进入 break in (on sth)打断,插嘴 break out突然发生 break through突破,冲破;克服,战胜 break up粉碎;分裂; (婚姻等)结束 ①If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. 如果是短篇小说,彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧,你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。(2024·全国甲卷) ②He became so pensive that she didn’t like to break ________ his thoughts.他陷入沉思之中,她不想打断他的思路。(神态描写) ③The party broke ________ and the neighbors hurried home.宴会结束,邻居们匆匆赶回家去。(场景描写)
句式the reason (+why 引导的定语从句)+is that ... (……的)原因是……
As you can see, the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. 正如你所看到的,我在这里讲述这个故事的原因是我做出了正确的决定。
背重点 背写作佳句
1)The reason why/for which ... is/was that ...意为“……的原因是……”,why在定语从句中作状语,that引导表语从句 2)reason作先行词,且关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,一般用that/which引导定语从句,作宾语时,还可以省略 3)this/that is why ...这/那就是为什么…… 4)this/that is because ...这/那是因为…… ①I strongly recommend the listening and speaking course. This is ________ the course can help you adapt to the life in China sooner.我强烈推荐你上听说课。这是因为这门课可以帮助你更快地适应中国的生活。(推荐信) ②It is important for us to master some basic living skills to prepare us for our future life. That is ________ I learned how to cook during the May Day holiday.对我们来说,掌握一些基本的生活技能为我们未来的生活做准备是很重要的。这就是为什么我在五一期间学会了做饭。(2023·全国乙卷短文投稿)
背多分3 续写素材 场景练背
——情感细节描写之“欣慰、安心、温暖”
形容词/名 词/动词 adj.: warm, relieved, reassuring, comforting n.: warmth, relief v.: warm, reassure (使……安心) 介词 短语 ①with/in relief欣慰地; ②to one’s great relief/much to one’s relief令某人很欣慰的是/令某人庆幸的是
松了口气 ①breathe a sigh of relief; ②sigh with relief; ③give a sigh/gasp of relief; ④feel (a wave/sense/surge of) relief; ⑤with a huge sigh of relief大松一口气 笑容 ①a relieved/warm smile宽慰/温暖的笑容; ②smile with/in relief安心地笑; ③a reassuring/comforting smile让人宽心的微笑
心暖 ①warm one’s heart温暖某人的心; ②warmth filled one’s heart满心温暖 眼神 ①exchange relieved glances如释重负地彼此看了看; ②tears of relief welled up in one’s eyes欣慰的眼泪涌入双眼
感觉/全身 ①feel a mixture of warmth and relief感到既温暖又欣慰; ②(a wave of) relief/warmth+washed/flooded/came over/surged through/filled sb某人感觉欣慰/温暖
用表“欣慰、安心、温暖”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景9 | “善行互助”主题下的“欣慰、安心、温暖”
Exhausted and shivering with cold, I prayed that someone could give me a ride. Thankfully, a car approached and stopped. I ①______________________ (松了口气) as the driver signaled me to get into the car. When I got in, ②__________________________________________ (我感到既温暖又感激). “Thank you.” I thanked him over and over. Not only did the driver’s act of kindness warm my heart, but it also served as a reminder to pay it forward.
微场景10 | “运动”主题下的“欣慰、安心、温暖”
I took part in a cycling competition held in my school. What let me down was that I had difficulty keeping up with the other cyclists. I ③______________________________________ (我咬着嘴唇,擦去脸上的泪水). Just at that time, my classmates clapped for me and ④________________________________________ (向我投来鼓励的目光). Amazingly, ⑤____________________________________________ (一种温暖和宽慰的感觉涌进了我的内心深处,无灵主语句). ⑥__________________________________________ (使我松了一口气的是, what引导的主语从句) was that I finally finished the competition. Smiling in satisfaction, my teacher reached out his hands ⑦__________________________________________ (用他的手指比成一个“心”形, with复合结构), saying,“You are great!”
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
背多分2
1.①back ②over ③in 2.①What
③to find 3.②into ③from 4.①from； as ③on 5.①to see ③curiosity
6.①in ③into 7.①at ③an 8.①lost
②for ③at 9.②measuring 10.①away
11.①to finish 12.③proved 14.②up ③out 15.②to ③away ④across
16.②into ③up 17.①because ②why
背多分3
①breathed a sigh of relief/sighed with relief ②I felt a mixture of warmth and gratitude ③bit my lips and wiped the tears from my cheeks ④cast encouraging glances at me ⑤a mixture of warmth and relief welled up in my deep heart ⑥What made me relieved ⑦with his fingers forming a “heart”(共65张PPT)
必修 第二册
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
主题语境 人与自然
单元词汇 多维速记
背多分1
1.natural landscapes 自然风景
2.living animals and plants 有生命的动物和植物
3.a little deer 一只小鹿
4.get lost in jungles 在丛林中迷路
5.on the edge of extinction 濒临灭绝
6.overuse natural resources 过度使用自然资源
7.street lamps 路灯
8.a lecture about environmental protection 关于环保的讲座
9.the title of the article 文章的标题
10.millions of students 数百万的学生
11.heat the soil 给土壤加热
12.a sense of duty 责任感
13.a warm shelter 一个温暖的避难所
14.the businessmen coming from overseas 来自海外的商人
1.disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
2.flood n. 洪水，水灾
3.drought n. 干旱，旱灾
4.eruption n. 爆发
5.wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物
6.climate n. 气候
7.ecology n. 生态；生态学
8.wave n. 海浪；波涛
9.file n. 档案，卷宗
10.poetry n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术
11.soul n. 灵魂
12.tube n. 管子，圆管；地铁(伦敦)
13.site n. 场所，地点
14.vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆
15.captain n. 上校；队长，组长
13.suffering n. (肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→suffer v. 遭受；受苦；患病
14.conduct vt. 实施，进行；执行 vi. & vt. 指挥→conductor n.
(合唱队等)指挥→conduction n. 传导
15.breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
16.dust n. 灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj. 满是灰尘的
17.explorer n. 探险者，勘察者→explore v. 探索，探险→exploration n. 探险，探索
22.cheerful adj. 高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheerfully adv. 兴高采烈地→cheer n. 欢呼声 v. 欢呼，(使)振奋
23.distant adj. 久远的，遥远的→distance n. 距离，远方
24.honesty n. 坦诚，诚实，正直→honest adj. 诚实的，正直的→honestly adv. 诚实地，坦白地
25.sincerity n. 真诚，真挚，诚实→sincere adj. 诚挚的，真诚的→sincerely adv. 真诚地，诚实地
26.bravery n. 勇气，勇敢的行为→brave adj. 勇敢的，无畏的→bravely adv. 英勇地，毅然地
27.varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的→vary v. 不同，变化→various adj. 不同的，各种各样的→variety n. 多样性，变化
28.scary adj. 可怕的，恐怖的→scare v. 使恐惧，使害怕→scared adj. 害怕的
29.harmless adj. 无害的→harm v. 伤害，损害，危害→harmful adj. 有害的
30.skiing n. 滑雪运动→ski n. 滑雪板 vi. 滑雪
动词短语
1.protect ... from/against ... 保护……免受……
2.be famous for 因……而闻名
3.be home to 是……的所在地
4.take good care of 好好照顾
5.be based on 以……为基础
6.run out 用完，耗尽
7.pay attention to 注意
8.search for 寻找
9.try one’s best to do sth 竭尽全力做某事
10.sound like 听起来像
11.take part 参加，加入
12.have difficulty with 有……困难
13.carry on 继续
14.become curious about 对……变得好奇
15.be covered with 覆盖着
16.turn one’s back on 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
17.suffer from 遭受
18.make use of 利用
19.break down 停止运转，出故障
介词短语和其他
20.in preparation for 为……做准备
21.at one time 曾经，一度
22.on the edge of 在……边缘，某事快要发生
23.on one’s way back 在某人回去的路上
24.in such a way 以这样一种方式
25.at the beginning of 在……开始时
26.as well as 以及……，和……
27.if possible 如果可能的话
28.the moment 一……就……
29.as a result 因此，结果
30.as soon as 一……就……
单元重点 语境背记
背多分2
1.flood n. 洪水；水灾；大量 vi.& vt. (flooded, flooded, flooding) 淹没；(使)泛滥；使灌满水；大量涌入；充满；挤满
背重点
1)a flood of ... 一大批……
in floods of tears 泪如雨下
2)flood in/into/out of 大量涌入；蜂拥而出
表“情感”的名词+flood over sb 某人非常/深感……
flood back 涌上心头
3)be flooded with 充满/挤满……
背写作佳句
①Sweet memories came flooding ________ and Jane was in floods of tears.甜蜜的回忆涌上心头，简哭得像个泪人似的。(情感描写)
②A great sense of relief and pride flooded ________ my father.我的父亲深感宽慰和骄傲。(情感描写)
③She drew back the curtains and the sunlight flooded ________.她拉开窗帘，阳光洒了进来。(写景)
back
over
in
2.shock vt. (shocked, shocked, shocking) (使) 震惊；使难以置信 n. 休克；震惊；令人震惊的事→shocked adj. 感到震惊的→shocking adj. 令人震惊的
背重点
1)shock sb使某人震惊
2)be a shock to sb 对某人而言是一件令人震惊的事
in shock 吃惊地；震惊地
3)be shocked at sth 对某事感到震惊
be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊
背写作佳句
①________ shocks us most is that the ocean is becoming severely polluted. 最令我们震惊的是，海洋正受到严重污染。(2022·全国甲卷短文)
②In her first PE class, Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. 在她的第一堂体育课上，当皮特教练宣布每个人都必须绕着外面的跑道跑一英里时,伊娃惊呆了。(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写)
What
③On a cold morning, I opened the door and was shocked ________ (find) him badly injured. 一个寒冷的早晨，我打开门，震惊地发现他受了重伤。(动作描写)
to find
3.escape vi.& vt. (escaped, escaped, escaping) 逃走；逃离；逃避；被忘掉；(气体、液体等)泄漏 n. 逃跑；逃脱；解脱
背重点
1)escape (doing) sth 逃避/逃脱(做)某事
escape from 从……逃脱；逃避
sth (the name/date/title等) escape sb
某人记不起某事(名字/日期/名称等)
escape sb’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
2)a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生
背写作佳句
①The girl looks quite familiar, but her name escapes me.这个女孩看起来很眼熟，但是我想不起她的名字了。
②The thief grabbed his cellphone, escaped ________ the crowds, squeezed onto the bus, and disappeared.小偷一把抢走他的手机，逃进人群，挤上公交车，不见了。(动作描写)
③For her, travel is an escape ________ the boredom of her everyday life. 对她来说，旅行是为了从乏味的日常生活中暂时解脱出来。
into
from
4.survive (survived, survived, surviving) vi. 生存；存活 vt. 活下来；幸存；艰难度过；比……活得长
背重点
1)survive on 靠……生存；靠……维持生活
survive sth 幸免于某事；从某事中挺过来，活过来
survive sb by+时间段 比某人多活……
2)survive from ... as ... 作为……从……留存下来
背写作佳句
①The ancient building survived ________ the Tang Dynasty ________ a museum.这栋古建筑从唐朝留存至今用作了博物馆。(短文)
②Life isn’t about how to survive storms, but how to dance in the rain.生活不在于挺过暴雨，而在于在雨中翩翩起舞。(主旨升华)
③I wonder how they can survive ________ such poor income. 我很想知道他们靠那么可怜的收入是怎么活下来的。
from
as
on
5.curious adj. 好奇的；奇异的；奇怪的
背重点
1)be curious about 对……好奇
be curious to do 好奇地做
2)with curiosity好奇地
out of curiosity 出于好奇
arouse/satisfy one’s curiosity 激起/满足某人的好奇心
背写作佳句
①Jane turned toward the boys, wide-eyed, curious ________ (see) what was going on. 简转向男孩子们，睁大了眼睛，好奇地想看看发生了什么事。 (情感描写)
②It’s curious that she left without saying goodbye. 她不辞而别让人有点奇怪。(情感描写)
③My _________ (curious) got the better of me and I opened the door and peeped inside. 我的好奇心占了上风,于是我打开房门，向里边窥视。
(无灵主语句)
to see
curiosity
6.trap vt. (trapped, trapped, trapping) 储存；留存；困住；使陷入圈套；使陷入危险中 n. 陷阱；圈套；捕捉器
背重点
1)trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中计
be/get trapped in ... 被困在……中
2)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入做某事的圈套
背写作佳句
①I’m often trapped ________ some new words when reading English.我读英语时，经常被一些新单词难住。 (求助信)
②Whatever you do, don’t fall into the trap of thinking that you’re always right. 不管你做任何事情，千万不要落入思维误区，认为你总是对的。
③The shopkeeper trapped me ________ buying a lot of products that I didn’t need. 店主诱骗我买了许多我不需要的产品。
in
into
7.attempt n.& vt. (attempted, attempted, attempting) 企图；努力；尝试
背重点
1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth 为了做某事；努力做某事
2)attempt to do sth 努力做某事；企图做某事
背写作佳句
①If you fail ________ the first attempt, there is no need to be upset about it.
如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要为此沮丧。(劝慰信)
②Later, the cat leapt onto the bed. Not wanting cat hair on the bed, I attempted to chase her away. 后来,猫跳到床上。我不想床上有猫毛，就试图把她赶走。 (人与动物)
at
③Panicked as I was, I make ________ attempt to collect my thoughts, trying to explain the situation in a way as concise as possible. 尽管我很惊慌，但我试图整理思绪,试图用尽可能简洁的方式解释当时的情况。
(心理描写)
an
8.loss n. 丧失；损失；死亡
背重点
1)the loss of ... 失去……
a sense of loss 失落感
(be) at a loss 感到迷惑；不知所措
2)be lost in sth 专注于某事/某物；沉浸于某事/某物
be lost to the world 全神贯注
be lost for words 不知说什么好
背写作佳句
①In the vast expanse of her school, a girl with poor directional skills struggled to navigate and often got ________ (lose).在广阔的校园里，一个方向感差的女孩很难找到正确的方向，经常迷路。(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写)
②Lost ________ words, I held him in my arms, stroking his hair. 不知说什么好，我把他抱在怀里，抚摸着他的头发。(动作描写)
③The snowy mountaintops formed beautiful scenery, leaving us ________ a loss for words. 白雪皑皑的山顶构成了美丽的风景，美得让我们无法用语言形容。(写景)
lost
for
at
9.measure n. 措施；方法 vt. (measured, measured, measuring) 测量;度量；估量；衡量 linking v. (系动词)(尺寸、长短、数量等的)量度为
背重点
1)measure ... by ... 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in ... 用……来衡量/计算
measure sb for sth 给某人量(衣服)尺寸
2)take measures/steps/action to do sth 采取措施做某事
make sth to sb’s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物
背写作佳句
①It is high time that effective measures were taken to protect the ocean from pollution.是时候采取有效措施阻止海洋被污染了。(2022·全国甲卷短文)
②We rode along the river ___________ (measure) over 500 meters long until we finally reached the farm.我们沿着这条长500多米的河骑马前
行，最后到了农场。(浙江卷读后续写)
measuring
③Success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome. 成功并不是由一个人一生所到达的位置所决定的,而是由他克服的困难所决定的。
(发言稿)
10.breathe vi.& vt. (breathed, breathed, breathing) 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸的空气；呼吸
背重点
1)breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负；松了口气
2)hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath 喘息；平复呼吸
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
take sb’s breath away 令某人惊叹
背写作佳句
①Out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain, from where the view took our breath ________.我们上气不接下气地到了山顶，从山顶眺望，景色美得令人惊叹。(环境描写)
②Running all the way to school, Ann made it to her classroom, out of breath/breathless.安一路跑到学校，终于上气不接下气地到了教室。(动作描写)
③Everything done, we breathed a sigh of relief. 一切结束，我们如释重负地松了一口气。(心理描写)
away
11.anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地→anxious adj. 焦虑的；不安的；焦急的；急切的
背重点
1)be anxious about/for ... 为……担心/担忧
be anxious to do sth 急于做某事
give sb an anxious look 焦急地看某人一眼
2)with anxiety (=anxiously) 焦虑地
anxiety for ... 对……的渴望
背写作佳句
①She was anxious __________ (finish) school and get a well-paid job. 她渴望毕业并找一份高薪工作。
②As the sky gradually darkened, a wave of anxiety seized/flooded over/swept over him.天色渐暗，他感到一阵不安。(情感细节)
③So anxious did I feel that my palms were sweating. 我感到非常紧张，手心都在冒汗。(情感描写)
to finish
12.prove vt. (proved, proven, proving) 证明；展现；证实 linking v. (系动词)证明是
背重点
1)prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事
prove sb/sth (to be)+adj./n. 证明某人/某物……
prove that/wh-从句 证明……
It is proved that ... 据证明……
2)prove (to be)+n./adj. 证明是；结果是
3)There is no proof that ... 没有证据表明……
背写作佳句
①In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI.如果是由能力较差的人写的，那么这样的一本书的处理过程可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂。(人工智能)
②The accident proved to me that nothing is more precious than life.这次事故向我证明了生命最珍贵。(主旨升华)
③It is ________ (prove) that this method has high precision, strong restrain against noises. 结果证明，该方法精确度高，噪声抑制力强。
proved
13.observe vt. (observed, observed, observing) 观察；注意；看到；庆祝；庆贺；遵守/奉行
背重点
1)observe sb do sth 观察某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb doing sth 观察某人正在做某事
observe sb/sth done ... 观察到某人/物被……(被动的动作)
observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
observe the Spring Festival 过春节
2)under observation 正在被观察
背写作佳句
①The Mid-Autumn Festival is observed on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.农历八月十五过中秋节。(传统文化)
②One day, during gym class, she observed a unique way to find her way—following the shadows of trees.一天，在体育课上，她发现了一种独特的寻路方法——跟着树的影子走。(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写)
③Although winning was a great feeling, all of us agreed to observe the spirit of fair play. 虽然获胜感觉很棒，但我们所有人都一致认为应遵循公平竞争的宗旨。(主旨升华)
14.短语1 pick up 捡起/拿起/取/学会/染上/接收
背重点
1)pick oneself up (跌倒后)站起来
pick sb up 去接某人; 救某人
sth (economy, situation, life, health ect.) pick up (经济、情况、生活、健康等)好转
2)pick sb/sth out 挑选出某人/某物
pick sb/sb’s voice out 认出某人/分辨出某人的声音
背写作佳句
①Though he tripped over within the first few kilometers, it didn’t take long before he picked himself up again and continued running. 虽然他在开始的几公里内被绊倒了，但他很快就站了起来，继续跑。 (2022·新高考卷读后续写)
②He picked me ________ at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.他在四天前让我下车的汽车站接我。(2024·新课标卷读后续写)
up
③However, one day, in the music class that was part of his school’s standard curriculum, he was playing the piano and found it easy to pick ________ different tunes. 然而，有一天，他在学校标准课程里的音乐课上弹了钢琴，发现自己很容易就能辨别不同音调。
out
15.短语2 run out 用完；耗尽
背重点
1)run out of 用完，耗尽
2)run for 竞选
run to sb 向某人求助
run into 撞上
run away 跑开
run across 偶然发现；不期而遇
3)use up 用完，耗尽
背写作佳句
①They have run out of ideas. 他们已经想不出任何办法了。
②What would I do Whom would I run ________ Mum was still away. 我该怎么办 我能向谁求助 妈妈还没回来。(心理描写)
③An unhealthy-looking face makes people run ________. 一张看起来不健康的脸会让别人觉得排斥。
④When you walk through the forest, you may run ________ snakes. 走过森林时你可能会遇到蛇。
to
away
across
16.短语3 break down (机器等)出故障，坏掉；(身体) 垮掉，情不自禁地哭起来；失败；分解；破坏
背重点
break away from 脱离；背叛；逃脱
break in 闯入, 强行进入
break in (on sth) 打断，插嘴
break out 突然发生
break through 突破，冲破；克服，战胜
break up 粉碎; 分裂; (婚姻等)结束
背写作佳句
①If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. 如果是短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。(2024·全国甲卷)
②He became so pensive that she didn’t like to break ________ his thoughts. 他陷入沉思之中，她不想打断他的思路。(神态描写)
③The party broke __________ and the neighbors hurried home. 宴会结束，邻居们匆匆赶回家去。(场景描写)
into
up
17.句式the reason (+why 引导的定语从句)+is that ... (……的)原因是……
As you can see, the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. 正如你所看到的，我在这里讲述这个故事的原因是我做出了正确的决定。
背重点
1)The reason why/for which ... is/was that ... 意为“……的原因是……”, why在定语从句中作状语，that引导表语从句
2)reason作先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，一般用that/which引导定语从句，作宾语时，还可以省略
3)this/that is why ...这/那就是为什么……
4)this/that is because ...这/那是因为……
背写作佳句
①I strongly recommend the listening and speaking course. This is ________ the course can help you adapt to the life in China sooner.我强烈推荐你上听说课。这是因为这门课可以帮助你更快地适应中国的生活。(推荐信)
because
②It is important for us to master some basic living skills to prepare us for our future life. That is ________ I learned how to cook during the May Day holiday.对我们来说，掌握一些基本的生活技能为我们未来的生活做准备是很重要的。这就是为什么我在五一期间学会了做饭。(2023·全国乙卷短文投稿)
why
续写素材 场景练背
背多分3
——情感细节描写之“欣慰、安心、温暖”
形容词/名 词/动词 adj.: warm, relieved, reassuring, comforting n.: warmth, relief v.: warm, reassure (使……安心) 介词 短语 ①with/in relief欣慰地; ②to one’s great relief/much to one’s relief令某人很欣慰的是/令某人庆幸的是
松了口气 ①breathe a sigh of relief; ②sigh with relief; ③give a sigh/gasp of relief; ④feel (a wave/sense/ surge of) relief; ⑤with a huge sigh of relief大松一口气 笑容 ①a relieved/warm smile宽慰/温暖的笑容; ②smile with/in relief安心地笑; ③a reassuring/
comforting smile让人宽心的微笑
心暖 ①warm one’s heart温暖某人的心; ②warmth filled one’s heart满心温暖 眼神 ①exchange relieved glances如释重负地彼此看了看; ②tears of relief welled up in one’s eyes欣慰的眼泪涌入双眼
感觉/全身 ①feel a mixture of warmth and relief感到既温暖又欣慰; ②(a wave of) relief/warmth+washed/flooded/came over/surged through/filled sb某人感觉欣慰/温暖 用表“欣慰、安心、温暖”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景9 | “善行互助”主题下的“欣慰、安心、温暖”
Exhausted and shivering with cold, I prayed that someone could give me a ride. Thankfully, a car approached and stopped. I ①__________________
________________________ (松了口气) as the driver signaled me to get into the car. When I got in, ②___________________________________
(我感到既温暖又感激). “Thank you.” I thanked him over and over. Not only did the driver’s act of kindness warm my heart, but it also served as a reminder to pay it forward.
breathed a sigh of
relief/sighed with relief
I felt a mixture of warmth and gratitude
微场景10 | “运动”主题下的“欣慰、安心、温暖”
I took part in a cycling competition held in my school. What let me down was that I had difficulty keeping up with the other cyclists. I ③_________
_____________________________________ (我咬着嘴唇，擦去脸上的泪水). Just at that time, my classmates clapped for me and ④________
_____________________________ (向我投来鼓励的目光). Amazingly,
⑤_________________________________________________________
(一种温暖和宽慰的感觉涌进了我的内心深处，无灵主语句). ⑥_____
__________________ (使我松了一口气的是, what引导的主语从句)
bit my
lips and wiped the tears from my cheeks
cast
encouraging glances at me
a mixture of warmth and relief welled up in my deep heart
What
made me relieved
was that I finally finished the competition. Smiling in satisfaction, my teacher reached out his hands ⑦_________________________________
(用他的手指比成一个“心”形, with复合结构), saying，“You are great!”
with his fingers forming a “heart”
