UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING
主题语境 绿色生活
背多分1 单元词汇 多维速记
写作词汇 1.recycle used plastic bags回收用过的塑料袋 2.live a low-carbon life过低碳生活 3.a small county一个小县城 4.a pair of comfortable footwear一双舒适的鞋 5.the current situation in the world当前的世界形势 6.overcome financial difficulties克服资金困难 7.arrive at your destination到达你的目的地 8.put up posters张贴海报 9.ordinary people普通人 10.local residents当地居民 11.a good idea occurred to her她突然想到一个好主意
阅读词汇 1.tap n. 龙头;阀门 2.tissue n. 纸巾 3.ocean n. 海洋,大海 4.smog n. 雾霾 5.desert n. 沙漠 6.landfill n. 废弃物填埋场 7.rate n. 比率,率 8.path n. 小径,小道 9.diagram n. 图解,示意图 10.honey n. 蜂蜜 11.butter n. 黄油 12.brick n. 砖,砖块 13.root n. 树根 14.battery n. 电池
派生词形 1.global adj.全球的,全世界的→globe n.球,球状物,地球仪 2.industrial adj.工业的→industry n.工业,产业,行业 勤奋 3.extinction n.灭绝→extinct adj.灭绝的,绝迹的 4.solution n.解决,解决办法→solve v.解决,解答 5.electricity n.电→electric adj.电的,电动的,通电的→electrical adj.电气科学的,与(用)电有关的→electronic adj.电子的,电子器件的 6.transport n.交通运输系统,运输方式 v.运输,运送→transportation n.运输,客运,货运,运输工具 7.recycle vi. & vt.再利用,回收利用→recycling n.回收利用,再利用 8.balance n.平衡→balanced adj.均衡的→balances n. (pl.)天平,余额 9.firm adj.坚实的,稳固的→firmly adv.坚定地,牢牢地 10.foundation n.基础,地基→found v.创办,创建→founder n.创建者,创始人 11.involve vt.参与,包含→involved adj.参与的,投入的 12.organiser n.组织者,安排者→organise v.组织,安排→organised adj.有组织的,有安排的→organisation n.组织,团体,机构 13.contented adj.满意的,满足的→content n. (容器等)容纳的东西,(书刊等的)目录 14.occur vi.发生→occurrence n.发生的事情 15.agriculture n.农业→agricultural adj.农业的 16.proposal n.建议,提议→propose v.建议,提议 17.survival n.继续生存,幸存→survive v.幸存→survivor n.幸存者,生还者 18.determination n.决心,毅力→determine v.下决心→determined adj.坚定的;有决心的 19.disappear vi.消失,不见→disappearance n.消失,灭绝→appear vi.出现,亮相→appearance n.外观,外貌,外表 20.official n.官员,高级职员adj.公务的,官方的→officially adv.正式地,官方地→office n.办公室→officer n.军官,官员,警官 21.packaging n.包装盒(瓶、袋),包装材料→package n.包裹 v.包装,装箱 22.majority n.大多数→major adj.主要的,重要的 23.sum v.概括,总结→summary n.总结,摘要→summarise v.做总结,概括 24.indicate vt.表明,显示→indication n.表示,标示 25.annually adv.每年,一年一度地→annual adj.每年的,一年一度的 26.pollutant n.污染物→pollute v.污染→pollution n.污染,污染物→polluted adj.被污染的 27.flooding n.水灾,洪水泛滥→flood n.水灾,洪水 v.使大受感动;(使)淹没;泛滥→flooded adj.洪水泛滥的
重点短语 动词短语 1.take part in 参加 2.cut back on 削减,缩减 3.take action 采取行动 4.as a result 结果,因此 5.take care of 照顾,照料 6.pay attention to 注意 7.lead to 导致 8.deal with 处理,应对 9.do one’s part for sth 尽自己所能做某事 10.be close to nature 接近大自然 11.set an example for sb 给某人树立榜样 12.make a difference 有影响,有关系 e up with 想出,想到 14.warm up 加热 15.not be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事 16.suffer from 遭受 17.pick up 捡起,拾起 18.think of 想起,认为 介词短语和其他 19.apart from 除了 20.in addition to 另外 21.for instance 例如 22.in harmony with 与……和谐,与……一致 23.in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代 24.plenty of 相当多的,充足的 25.a matter of 关乎……的事 26.a huge amount of 大量的…… 27.to sum up 总之 28.due to 由于,因为
背多分2 单元重点 语境背记
bother v. (bothered, bothered, bothering) 费心,麻烦
背重点 背写作佳句
bother to do/doing sth费心做某事 bother sb with/about sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother sb to do sth麻烦某人做某事 It bothers sb that/to do使某人苦恼的是……/做……使某人苦恼 ①I used to bother you to do many things for me, but you were never impatient with me.我过去总是麻烦你为我做很多事情,你从来不对我不耐烦。(感谢信) ②I don’t want to bother her ________ my problems at the moment.我现在不想让我的问题去打扰她。 ③It bothers me a lot that my best friend Tom has become addicted to playing computer games recently.我最好的朋友汤姆最近沉迷于玩电脑游戏,这让我很困扰。(求助信)
involve vt. (involved, involved, involving) 包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加
背重点 背写作佳句
1)involve sb/oneself in (doing) sth使某人/自己参与(做)某事;使某人/自己牵扯到某事中 involve (doing) sth包括(做)某事;需要(做)某事 2)get/be involved in被卷入……之中;热衷于;专心于 be/get involved with sb/sth与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系 ①This simple routine involves standing up from your desk, stretching your arms, legs and back, and taking a few deep breaths.这个简单的例行程序包括从你的桌子上站起来,伸展你的手臂、腿和背部,做几个深呼吸。(2024·浙江1月卷应用文写作) ②I participated in the activity where my work involved ________ (care) for the elderly.我参加了一个工作涉及照顾老人的活动。(告知信) ③To begin with, the most expected activity is the annual table tennis competition that involves a large quantity of talented players.首先,最令人期待的活动是一年一度的乒乓球比赛,因为有大量的有才华的运动员参加。(告知信)
shoot n.芽,苗;嫩枝;拍摄 v. (shot, shot, shooting) 射中;射击;拍摄
背重点 背写作佳句
1)shoot oneself in the foot搬起石头砸自己的脚 shoot one’s mouth off (about sth)吹嘘;大吹大擂 shoot at/down朝……射击/击落 shoot sb/sth射倒;击毙;击落 shoot for sth力争达到;努力获取 shoot off迅速离去 2)give sth one’s best shot尽力做某事 ①Just give it your best shot and you’ll be fine.只要尽自己最大努力,你就会有好的结果。(主旨升华) ②To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.为了拍摄一些风景照片,我已经走了四个小时的路程只为不到10分钟的拍摄。 ③China has put a man in space and proved it can shoot ________ an orbiting satellite with a ballistic missile.中国已经将人类送入了太空,并证明自己有能力用弹道导弹击落在轨的人造卫星。(太空探索)
occur vi. (occurred, occurred, occurring) 发生;出现
背重点 背写作佳句
sth occurs to sb某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ...某人突然想起…… It occurs to/strikes/hits sb to do sth某人突然想起做某事 ①That night a terrible storm occurred, with the wild wind blowing and beating the house.那天晚上下了一场可怕的暴风雨,狂风拍打着房子。(环境描写) ②It occurred to me that the horses we were riding might know the way home and I smiled through tears.我突然想起我们骑的马有可能认识回家的路,我破涕为笑。(心理描写) ③It ________________________ the bear might be attracted by the smell of our garlic bread.我突然想到,这只熊可能是被我们的大蒜面包的气味吸引住了。
determination n. 决心;毅力;决定
背重点 背写作佳句
1)with determination坚决地 2)determine on/upon (doing) sth决定(做)某事 determine to do sth决定做某事(表示动作) be determined by由……决定 3)be determined to do sth决心做某事(表示状态) ①His coach heard what David said and gave me a look—the kind that was more ________ (determine) than anyone else’s.他的教练听到了大卫的话,用那种比任何人都坚定的眼神看了我一眼。(2022·新高考卷读后续写) ②Sports teach us to accept challenges and face difficulties with determination.运动教会我们接受挑战,坚定地面对困难。(短文投稿) ③Amazed at their fluent oral English, I was determined ________ (be) as good.他们流利的英语口语让我惊叹不已,我决心也要学得一样好。(短文投稿)
sum n. 金额,款项 v. (summed, summed, summing)总结;概括;合计
背重点 背写作佳句
1)in sum总之,总而言之 a sum of一笔 the sum of ...……的总和 2)sum up总结;概述;计算……的总数 to sum up总之;概括地说 ①To sum ________, there are three practical ways to tackle the problem.总之,解决这个问题有三种实用的方法。(短文) ②He frowned as he worked out the sum.当他算出总数的时候他皱起了眉头。(神态描写) ③It is important to remember that success is ________ sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.重要的是要记住,成功是每天付出的小努力的总和,往往需要多年才能实现。(建议信)
短语1deserve to do 值得做;应该做
背重点 背写作佳句
deserve to be done=deserve doing值得被做 deserve consideration/attention/praise值得考虑/注意/表扬 点拨 deserve to be done与deserve doing的意义相同,即可用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义,类似的动词还有need, want, require等 ①This issue deserves __________________ (look) into more deeply.这个问题值得更深入地研究。 ②In our eyes, she is not only our teacher, but also our best friend. Those are why she deserves our respect.在我们眼里,她不仅是我们的老师,也是我们最好的朋友。这就是她值得我们尊敬的原因。 ③His children’s books are classics that deserve ________ (be) much better known.他的儿童书非常经典,应该为更多的人所知晓。
短语2make a difference 有作用或影响
背重点 背写作佳句
1)make a/some/any/no/little difference (to ...) (对……)有/有一些/没有/几乎没有作用或影响 It makes a/no difference (to sb) wh-从句(对某人)有(无)影响/作用 tell the difference (between ... and ...)辨别/区分(……与……) 2)be different from ... in ...与……在……方面不同 3)differ from ... in ...与……在……方面不同 ①Small acts of kindness can really make a positive difference ________ others.小善举真能给他人带来积极的影响。(2022·浙江6月卷读后续写主旨升华) ②It made no difference to me ________ they pretended to have found out the truth or not.不管他们是否假装已经知道了真相,对我来说无关紧要。 ③My friends differed ________ their attitudes to my participation in the play, making me quite annoyed.朋友们对我参与演出态度各异,让我很恼火。(情感描写)
短语3work through 解决;克服;成功处理;调整(情绪)
背重点 背写作佳句
break through突破 get through通过;完成;打通(电话) go through经历;仔细检查 live through经历……而未死 look through浏览,翻阅 pull through渡过难关;恢复健康 ①Scientists have broken through some technological barriers to make the batteries last longer.科学家们突破了一些技术的障碍,使电池寿命更长。 ②If you don’t know the meaning of an unfamiliar word, try to guess the meaning instead of ________________ a dictionary at first.如果你不知道一个不熟悉的单词的意思,试着猜测它的意思,而不是一开始就查字典。(建议信) ③If you look through the window, you can see the garden.如果你从窗户望出去,可以看见花园。
短语4come up with 想出,想到
背重点 背写作佳句
1)come up走近;上来;发芽;被提出 come about发生 come across穿过;偶然遇见 come out出版;发行 come to苏醒;总计,达到;谈到 when it comes to ...当谈到…… come over拜访 2)keep up with与……同步;跟上 catch up with跟上;赶上 put up with忍耐,忍受 ①As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people’s attention.这个项目在会议上一被提出,就引起了许多人的注意。 ②The chairman of the Students Union came up ________ a great many good ideas to celebrate our victory.学生会主席想出了许多好主意来庆祝我们的胜利。 ③Deeply encouraged by her warmth and sincerity, he poured out all his trouble he came ________.深受她的热情和真诚的鼓舞,他道出了他所遇到的所有困难。(情绪描写)
短语5cut back on 削减,缩减
背重点 背写作佳句
cut in插嘴;插入;超车 cut off切下,剪下;与外界隔绝 cut down on削减;缩减 cut up切碎;使伤心 cut down砍倒;削减;裁小 cut across抄近路穿过 cut out删除;(马达或发动机)突然熄火 ①The water supply has been cut ________ because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.水供应中断了,因为工人们正在维修一条主管道。 ②I like this article so much that I cut it off the newspaper.我很喜欢这篇文章,因此把它从报纸上剪了下来。 ③Many trees are being cut ________, many animals are being hunted, and our environment is being destroyed.Shouldn’t we take measures to make a difference 许多树木正在被砍伐,许多动物正在被猎杀,我们的环境正在被破坏。难道我们不应该采取措施做出改变吗 (发言稿)
短语6the majority of 大多数
背重点 背写作佳句
1)in a/the majority占大多数 by/with a majority of ...以多数票…… 2)in a/the minority占少数 3)major in主修…… 点拨 “a/the majority of+可数名词复数或集合名词”作主语时,谓语动词常用复数;“the majority of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数 ①In fact, he encourages me to major ________ English in college, and to be a bridge between China and the world.事实上,他鼓励我在大学主修英语,成为中国与世界之间的桥梁。(人物介绍) ②Those who have voted for me are in a/the majority, so I am elected as chairman of the Student Association.为我投票的人占大多数,因此我被选为学生会主席。 ③I was selected to be the leading role in the play by a majority of 50, which made me filled with joy.我以50票的优势被选为该剧的主角,这让我很高兴。(情感描写)
句式1so that引导目的状语从句
People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there. 人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车,以便其他人能继续使用。
背重点 背写作佳句
1)so that可引导目的状语从句,意为“以便,为了”,相当于in order that,从句中常含有may, might, can, could等情态动词,表明动作尚未发生 2)so that还可引导结果状语从句,意为“因此,所以”,从句中通常不用情态动词 ①If you have any questions, please get in touch with me as soon as possible so that I can make further arrangements.如果您有任何问题,请尽快和我联系,以便我可以做出进一步的安排。 ②It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success.正是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能,所以导师认为作者在实验室的经历是开创性的成功。(2024·北京卷书面表达) ③I’d like to inform you of/about some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.我想告知你一些详细的信息,以便你为此做好充分的准备。(建议信)
句式2with+宾语+宾补
In 1999, the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! 1999年,“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的一举一动!
背重点 背写作佳句
“with+宾语+宾语补足语”即with的复合结构,在句中多作状语。常见的结构有:with+宾语+doing/done/to do/adj./adv./介词短语 ①With my heart ________ (start) to beat and my mouth dry, I rose to my feet and headed for the stage.我的心开始咚咚跳,嘴里发干,我站起来,向舞台走去。(心理描写) ②Joe burst into tears and his legs trembled with his fingers cut.乔的手被割伤,他突然大哭,双腿颤抖。(动作+情感描写) ③He rushed into the room with his heart beating wildly and his face flushing.他冲进房间,心狂跳,脸通红。(动作+神态描写)
背多分3 续写素材 场景练背
——情感细节描写之“不安、绝望”
形容词/副词 helpless, hopeless, desperate, uneasy, helplessly, desperately, hopelessly, uneasily 名词 helplessness, hopelessness, desperation, despair, uneasiness
眼睛 ①look in despair绝望地看着; ②watch helplessly无助地/眼睁睁地看着; ③give sb a look of desperation绝望地看了某人一眼; ④a look of desperation绝望的眼神
声音/哭泣 ①utter a cry of despair发出绝望的叫声; ②hear the despair in one’s voice听出某人声音中的绝望; ③sigh with despair绝望地叹气; ④despair choke one’s words绝望得说不出话来; ⑤erupt into desperate sobs绝望地啜泣; ⑥a note of desperation in one’s voice声音中带着一种绝望的语气
其他 ①a sense/feeling of hopelessness/helplessness绝望/无力感; ②in despair绝望地; ③abandon oneself to despair/fall into despair陷入绝望; ④feel uneasy觉得不安; ⑤in desperation绝望地; ⑥throw sb into desperation使某人陷入绝望
用表“不安、绝望”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景15 | “脱险” 主题下的“不安、绝望”
We had no phone signal, and the highway was 900 feet above us.All we could do was yell for help, and a seemingly great distance seemed to separate us from potential rescuers. Our voices echoed through the valley, the despair ①________ (mount) in every shout that escaped our lips. As the minutes turned into hours, ②__________________________________________ (我们既害怕又绝望,无灵主语句) and we couldn’t help but wonder if anyone would ever hear us. Worse still, fog began creeping into the valley. Everything was swallowed by darkness, ③__________________________________ (使我们更加无助,分词短语作状语).
微场景16 | “个人经历”主题下的“不安、绝望”
④______________________________________________________ (房间里弥漫着一种令人不安的寂静,settle,无灵主语句). ⑤________________________________________________________ (医生的话让我陷入了极大的绝望). I tried to blink back my tears, but they rolled down my face, and suddenly they were joined by other drops ... and more drops ... and more. My family comforted me that I would be OK. Wiping away my tears, I knew the tears were still frozen inside my heart.
UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING
背多分2
1.②with/about 2.②caring 3.③down 4.③occurred to/struck/hit me that
5.①determined ③to be 6.①up ③the
7.①looking/to be looked ③to be
8.①to ②whether ③in 9.②looking through 10.②with ③across 11.①off
③down 12.①in 14.①starting
背多分3
①mounting ②fear and desperation overwhelmed us ③leaving us even more helpless ④An uneasy silence settled over the room ⑤The doctor’s words threw me into great desperation(共54张PPT)
必修 第三册
UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING
主题语境 绿色生活
单元词汇 多维速记
背多分1
1.recycle used plastic bags 回收用过的塑料袋
2.live a low-carbon life 过低碳生活
3.a small county 一个小县城
4.a pair of comfortable footwear 一双舒适的鞋
5.the current situation in the world 当前的世界形势
6.overcome financial difficulties 克服资金困难
7.arrive at your destination 到达你的目的地
8.put up posters 张贴海报
9.ordinary people 普通人
10.local residents 当地居民
11.a good idea occurred to her 她突然想到一个好主意
1.tap n. 龙头；阀门
2.tissue n. 纸巾
3.ocean n. 海洋，大海
4.smog n. 雾霾
5.desert n. 沙漠
6.landfill n. 废弃物填埋场
7.rate n. 比率，率
8.path n. 小径，小道
9.diagram n. 图解，示意图
10.honey n. 蜂蜜
11.butter n. 黄油
12.brick n. 砖，砖块
13.root n. 树根
14.battery n. 电池
6.transport n. 交通运输系统，运输方式 v. 运输，运送→transportation n. 运输，客运，货运，运输工具
7.recycle vi. & vt. 再利用，回收利用→recycling n. 回收利用，再利用
8.balance n. 平衡→balanced adj. 均衡的→balances n. (pl.)天平，余额
9.firm adj. 坚实的，稳固的→firmly adv. 坚定地，牢牢地
10.foundation n. 基础，地基→found v. 创办，创建→founder n. 创建者，创始人
11.involve vt. 参与，包含→involved adj. 参与的，投入的
12.organiser n. 组织者，安排者→organise v. 组织，安排→organised adj. 有组织的，有安排的→organisation n. 组织，团体，机构
13.contented adj. 满意的，满足的→content n. (容器等)容纳的东西，(书刊等的)目录
14.occur vi. 发生→occurrence n. 发生的事情
15.agriculture n. 农业→agricultural adj. 农业的
16.proposal n. 建议，提议→propose v. 建议，提议
17.survival n. 继续生存，幸存→survive v. 幸存→survivor n. 幸存者，生还者
18.determination n. 决心，毅力→determine v. 下决心→determined adj. 坚定的；有决心的
19.disappear vi. 消失，不见→disappearance n. 消失，灭绝→appear vi. 出现，亮相→appearance n. 外观，外貌，外表
20.official n. 官员，高级职员 adj. 公务的，官方的→officially adv. 正式地，官方地→office n. 办公室→officer n. 军官，官员，警官
21.packaging n. 包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料→package n. 包裹 v. 包装，装箱
22.majority n. 大多数→major adj. 主要的，重要的
23.sum v. 概括，总结→summary n. 总结，摘要→summarise v. 做总结，概括
24.indicate vt. 表明，显示→indication n. 表示，标示
25.annually adv. 每年，一年一度地→annual adj. 每年的，一年一度的
动词短语
1.take part in 参加
2.cut back on 削减，缩减
3.take action 采取行动
4.as a result 结果，因此
5.take care of 照顾，照料
6.pay attention to 注意
7.lead to 导致
8.deal with 处理，应对
9.do one’s part for sth 尽自己所能做某事
10.be close to nature 接近大自然
11.set an example for sb 给某人树立榜样
12.make a difference 有影响，有关系
e up with 想出，想到
14.warm up 加热
15.not be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事
16.suffer from 遭受
17.pick up 捡起，拾起
18.think of 想起，认为
介词短语和其他
19.apart from 除了
20.in addition to 另外
21.for instance 例如
22.in harmony with 与……和谐，与……一致
23.in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代
24.plenty of 相当多的，充足的
25.a matter of 关乎……的事
26.a huge amount of 大量的……
27.to sum up 总之
28.due to 由于，因为
单元重点 语境背记
背多分2
1.bother v. (bothered, bothered, bothering) 费心，麻烦
背重点
bother to do/doing sth 费心做某事
bother sb with/about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother sb to do sth 麻烦某人做某事
It bothers sb that/to do 使某人苦恼的是……/做……使某人苦恼
背写作佳句
①I used to bother you to do many things for me, but you were never impatient with me. 我过去总是麻烦你为我做很多事情，你从来不对我不耐烦。(感谢信)
②I don’t want to bother her ___________ my problems at the moment. 我现在不想让我的问题去打扰她。
③It bothers me a lot that my best friend Tom has become addicted to playing computer games recently. 我最好的朋友汤姆最近沉迷于玩电脑游戏，这让我很困扰。(求助信)
with/about
2.involve vt. (involved, involved, involving) 包含；需要；涉及;影响；(使)参加
背重点
1)involve sb/oneself in (doing) sth 使某人/自己参与(做)某事；使某人/自己牵扯到某事中
involve (doing) sth 包括(做)某事；需要(做)某事
2)get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于
be/get involved with sb/sth 与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系
背写作佳句
①This simple routine involves standing up from your desk, stretching your arms, legs and back, and taking a few deep breaths. 这个简单的例行程序包括从你的桌子上站起来，伸展你的手臂、腿和背部，做几个深呼吸。(2024·浙江1月卷应用文写作)
②I participated in the activity where my work involved ________ (care) for the elderly.我参加了一个工作涉及照顾老人的活动。(告知信)
caring
③To begin with, the most expected activity is the annual table tennis competition that involves a large quantity of talented players. 首先，最令人期待的活动是一年一度的乒乓球比赛，因为有大量的有才华的运动员参加。(告知信)
3.shoot n.芽，苗；嫩枝；拍摄 v. (shot, shot, shooting) 射中；射击;拍摄
背重点
1)shoot oneself in the foot 搬起石头砸自己的脚
shoot one’s mouth off (about sth) 吹嘘；大吹大擂
shoot at/down 朝……射击/击落
shoot sb/sth 射倒；击毙；击落
shoot for sth 力争达到；努力获取
shoot off 迅速离去
2)give sth one’s best shot 尽力做某事
背写作佳句
①Just give it your best shot and you’ll be fine. 只要尽自己最大努力，你就会有好的结果。(主旨升华)
②To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. 为了拍摄一些风景照片，我已经走了四个小时的路程只为不到10分钟的拍摄。
③China has put a man in space and proved it can shoot ________ an orbiting satellite with a ballistic missile. 中国已经将人类送入了太空，并证明自己有能力用弹道导弹击落在轨的人造卫星。(太空探索)
down
4.occur vi. (occurred, occurred, occurring) 发生；出现
背重点
sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事
背写作佳句
①That night a terrible storm occurred, with the wild wind blowing and beating the house.那天晚上下了一场可怕的暴风雨,狂风拍打着房子。
(环境描写)
②It occurred to me that the horses we were riding might know the way home and I smiled through tears.我突然想起我们骑的马有可能认识回家的路，我破涕为笑。(心理描写)
③It ____________________________ the bear might be attracted by the smell of our garlic bread. 我突然想到，这只熊可能是被我们的大蒜面包的气味吸引住了。
occurred to/struck/hit me that
5.determination n. 决心；毅力；决定
背重点
1)with determination 坚决地
2)determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作)
be determined by 由……决定
3)be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态)
背写作佳句
①His coach heard what David said and gave me a look—the kind that was more ____________ (determine) than anyone else’s. 他的教练听到了大卫的话，用那种比任何人都坚定的眼神看了我一眼。 (2022·新高考卷读后续写)
②Sports teach us to accept challenges and face difficulties with determination. 运动教会我们接受挑战,坚定地面对困难。(短文投稿)
③Amazed at their fluent oral English, I was determined ________ (be) as good.他们流利的英语口语让我惊叹不已,我决心也要学得一样好。(短文投稿)
determined
to be
6.sum n. 金额，款项 v. (summed, summed, summing)总结；概括；合计
背重点
1)in sum 总之，总而言之
a sum of 一笔
the sum of ... ……的总和
2)sum up 总结；概述；计算……的总数
to sum up 总之；概括地说
背写作佳句
①To sum ________, there are three practical ways to tackle the problem. 总之，解决这个问题有三种实用的方法。(短文)
②He frowned as he worked out the sum. 当他算出总数的时候他皱起了眉头。(神态描写)
③It is important to remember that success is ________ sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve. 重要的是要记
住，成功是每天付出的小努力的总和，往往需要多年才能实现。(建议信)
up
the
7.短语1 deserve to do 值得做；应该做
背重点
deserve to be done=deserve doing 值得被做
deserve consideration/attention/praise 值得考虑/注意/表扬
点拨 deserve to be done与deserve doing的意义相同，即可用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，类似的动词还有need, want, require等
背写作佳句
①This issue deserves ____________________ (look) into more deeply. 这个问题值得更深入地研究。
②In our eyes, she is not only our teacher, but also our best friend. Those are why she deserves our respect. 在我们眼里,她不仅是我们的老师，也是我们最好的朋友。这就是她值得我们尊敬的原因。
③His children’s books are classics that deserve ________ (be) much better known. 他的儿童书非常经典，应该为更多的人所知晓。
to be
looking/to be looked
8.短语2 make a difference 有作用或影响
背重点
1)make a/some/any/no/little difference (to ...) (对……)有/有一些/没有/几乎没有作用或影响
It makes a/no difference (to sb) wh-从句 (对某人)有(无)影响/作用
tell the difference (between ... and ...) 辨别/区分(……与……)
2)be different from ... in ... 与……在……方面不同
3)differ from ... in ... 与……在……方面不同
背写作佳句
①Small acts of kindness can really make a positive difference ________ others.小善举真能给他人带来积极的影响。(2022·浙江6月卷读后续写主旨升华)
②It made no difference to me _________ they pretended to have found out the truth or not.不管他们是否假装已经知道了真相，对我来说无关紧要。
③My friends differed ________ their attitudes to my participation in the play, making me quite annoyed.朋友们对我参与演出态度各异，让我很恼火。(情感描写)
to
whether
in
9.短语3 work through 解决；克服；成功处理；调整(情绪)
背重点
break through 突破
get through 通过；完成；打通(电话)
go through 经历；仔细检查
live through 经历……而未死
look through 浏览，翻阅
pull through 渡过难关；恢复健康
背写作佳句
①Scientists have broken through some technological barriers to make the batteries last longer. 科学家们突破了一些技术的障碍，使电池寿命更长。
②If you don’t know the meaning of an unfamiliar word, try to guess the meaning instead of ________________ a dictionary at first.如果你不知道一个不熟悉的单词的意思，试着猜测它的意思，而不是一开始就查字典。(建议信)
③If you look through the window, you can see the garden. 如果你从窗户望出去，可以看见花园。
looking through
10.短语4 come up with 想出，想到
背重点
1)come up 走近；上来；发芽；被提出
come about 发生
come across 穿过；偶然遇见
come out 出版；发行
come to 苏醒；总计，达到；谈到
when it comes to ... 当谈到……
come over 拜访
2)keep up with 与……同步；跟上
catch up with 跟上；赶上
put up with 忍耐，忍受
背写作佳句
①As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people’s attention. 这个项目在会议上一被提出，就引起了许多人的注意。
②The chairman of the Students Union came up ________ a great many good ideas to celebrate our victory. 学生会主席想出了许多好主意来庆祝我们的胜利。
③Deeply encouraged by her warmth and sincerity, he poured out all his trouble he came ________. 深受她的热情和真诚的鼓舞，他道出了他所遇到的所有困难。(情绪描写)
with
across
11.短语5 cut back on 削减，缩减
背重点
cut in 插嘴；插入；超车
cut off 切下，剪下；与外界隔绝
cut down on 削减；缩减
cut up 切碎；使伤心
cut down 砍倒；削减；裁小
cut across 抄近路穿过
cut out 删除；(马达或发动机)突然熄火
背写作佳句
①The water supply has been cut ________ because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes. 水供应中断了，因为工人们正在维修一条主管道。
②I like this article so much that I cut it off the newspaper. 我很喜欢这篇文章，因此把它从报纸上剪了下来。
③Many trees are being cut ________, many animals are being hunted, and our environment is being destroyed.Shouldn’t we take measures to make a difference 许多树木正在被砍伐，许多动物正在被猎杀，我们的环境正在被破坏。难道我们不应该采取措施做出改变吗 (发言稿)
off
down
12.短语6 the majority of 大多数
背重点
1)in a/the majority 占大多数
by/with a majority of ... 以多数票……
2)in a/the minority 占少数
3)major in 主修……
点拨 “a/the majority of+可数名词复数或集合名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数；“the majority of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数
背写作佳句
①In fact, he encourages me to major ________ English in college, and to be a bridge between China and the world. 事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语，成为中国与世界之间的桥梁。(人物介绍)
②Those who have voted for me are in a/the majority, so I am elected as chairman of the Student Association. 为我投票的人占大多数，因此我被选为学生会主席。
③I was selected to be the leading role in the play by a majority of 50, which made me filled with joy. 我以50票的优势被选为该剧的主角，这让我很高兴。(情感描写)
in
13.句式1 so that引导目的状语从句
People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there. 人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。
背重点
1)so that可引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，相当于in order that，从句中常含有may, might, can, could等情态动词，表明动作尚未发生
2)so that还可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，从句中通常不用情态动词
背写作佳句
①If you have any questions, please get in touch with me as soon as possible so that I can make further arrangements. 如果您有任何问题,请尽快和我联系，以便我可以做出进一步的安排。
②It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success.正是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，所以导师认为作者在实验室的经历是开创性的成功。(2024·北京卷书面表达)
③I’d like to inform you of/about some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it. 我想告知你一些详细的信息，以便你为此做好充分的准备。 (建议信)
14.句式2 with+宾语+宾补
In 1999, the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! 1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹——这次安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的一举一动!
背重点
“with+宾语+宾语补足语”即with的复合结构，在句中多作状语。常见的结构有：with+宾语+doing/done/to do/adj./adv./介词短语
背写作佳句
①With my heart __________ (start) to beat and my mouth dry, I rose to my feet and headed for the stage. 我的心开始咚咚跳，嘴里发干，我站起来，向舞台走去。(心理描写)
②Joe burst into tears and his legs trembled with his fingers cut. 乔的手被割伤，他突然大哭，双腿颤抖。(动作+情感描写)
③He rushed into the room with his heart beating wildly and his face flushing. 他冲进房间，心狂跳，脸通红。(动作+神态描写)
starting
续写素材 场景练背
背多分3
——情感细节描写之“不安、绝望”
形容词/副词 helpless, hopeless, desperate, uneasy, helplessly, desperately, hopelessly, uneasily 名词 helplessness, hopelessness, desperation, despair, uneasiness
眼睛 ①look in despair绝望地看着; ②watch helplessly无助地/眼睁睁地看着; ③give sb a look of desperation绝望地看了某人一眼; ④a look of desperation绝望的眼神
声音/哭泣 ①utter a cry of despair发出绝望的叫声; ②hear the despair in one’s voice听出某人声音中的绝望; ③sigh with despair绝望地叹气; ④despair choke one’s words绝望得说不出话来; ⑤erupt into desperate sobs绝望地啜泣; ⑥a note of desperation in one’s voice声音中带着一种绝望的语气
其他 ①a sense/feeling of hopelessness/helplessness绝望/无力感; ②in despair绝望地; ③abandon oneself to despair/fall into despair陷入绝望; ④feel uneasy觉得不安; ⑤in desperation绝望地; ⑥throw sb into desperation使某人陷入绝望
用表“不安、绝望”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景15 | “脱险” 主题下的“不安、绝望”
We had no phone signal, and the highway was 900 feet above us.All we could do was yell for help, and a seemingly great distance seemed to separate us from potential rescuers. Our voices echoed through the valley, the despair ①__________ (mount) in every shout that escaped our lips. As the minutes turned into hours, ②______________________________
____ (我们既害怕又绝望，无灵主语句) and we couldn’t help but
mounting
fear and desperation overwhelmed
us
wonder if anyone would ever hear us. Worse still, fog began creeping into the valley. Everything was swallowed by darkness, ③________________
______________ (使我们更加无助，分词短语作状语).
leaving us even
more helpless
微场景16 | “个人经历”主题下的“不安、绝望”
④_____________________________________ (房间里弥漫着一种令人不安的寂静，settle，无灵主语句). ⑤_________________________
________________________ (医生的话让我陷入了极大的绝望). I tried to blink back my tears, but they rolled down my face, and suddenly they were joined by other drops ... and more drops ... and more. My family comforted me that I would be OK. Wiping away my tears, I knew the tears were still frozen inside my heart.
An uneasy silence settled over the room
The doctor’s words threw
me into great desperation
