UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
主题语境 不同民族文化习俗与传统节日
背多分1 单元词汇 多维速记
写作词汇 1.reuse the used items重新使用用过的物品 2.plastic bags塑料袋 3.wipe the floor擦地板 4.the local council地方委员会 5.organic vegetables有机蔬菜 6.a pair of chopsticks一双筷子 7.Confucius Institute孔子学院 8.in the past decades在过去的几十年里 9.solar energy太阳能 10.endangered species濒危物种 11.swallow the medicine咽下药 12.be diagnosed with cancer被诊断出患癌 13.the Atlantic hurricanes大西洋飓风
阅读词汇 1.drug n. 药物,药材;毒品 2.temple n. 寺庙 3.thunderstorm n. 雷暴 4.typhoon n. 台风 5.mining n. 采矿业 6.rhino n. 犀牛 7.horn n. (牛、羊等头上的)角 8.asteroid n. 小行星 9.hatch v. 孵化 10.packaging n. 包装盒,包装材料 11.shell n. 壳;贝壳 12.dirt n. 灰尘,尘土 13.poultry n. 家禽肉,家禽 14.bin n. 垃圾箱 15.carton n. 硬纸盒;塑料盒
派生词形 1.stuck adj.卡住,无法移动的→stick v.粘住,阻塞,伸出 n.棍,棒,树枝 2.annoyed adj.烦恼的,生气的→annoy v.使恼怒,使生气→annoying adj.使人烦恼的 3.relate vi.相联系,有关联→related adj.相关的,有关系的→relation n.关系,联系 4.regular adj.定期的,有规律的→regularly adv.定期地,有规律地 5.suit vt.适合 n.套装→suitable adj.适合的,适宜的 6.organic adj.不使用化肥的,有机的,绿色的→organ n.器官,风琴→organism n.生物有机体 7.involve vt.包含,需要→involved adj.参与的,投入的→involvement n.参与 8.cruel adj.残忍的,残酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地,残酷地→cruelty n.残忍,残酷 9.chemical n.化学品 adj.化学的→chemist n.化学家,药剂师→chemistry n.化学 10.historic adj.古老的,历史上重要的→history n.历史→historical adj.与历史有关的 11.consumer n.消费者→consume v.消费,消耗 使充满(强烈的感情)→consumption n.消费(量);消耗(量) 12.dirt n.灰尘,尘土→dirty adj.脏的,弄脏的 13.realistic adj.现实的,实际的→real adj.真的→really adv.真地→reality n.真实,现实 14.innovative adj.新颖的,创新的,革新的→innovate v.创新,革新→innovation n.新观念,创新 15.refillable adj.可再填充的→refill v.再填空,再装满→fill v.充满,装满 16.aware adj.意识到的,明白的→awareness n.意识,认识 17.unusual adj.异常的,不平常的→usual adj.通常的,惯例的,平常的→usually adv.通常,经常 18.reusable adj.可再使用的,可重复使用的→reuse v.再次使用,重复使用 19.anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地,不安地→anxiety n.焦虑,不安 20.varied adj.各种各样的,形形色色的→vary v.相异,不同,改变→various adj.不同的,各种各样的→variety n.多样,种类,变化,多样化 21.affect vt.影响→effect n.效果,影响→effective adj.有效的,起作用的→effectively adv.有效地,生效地 22.endangered adj.濒危的→endanger v.使遭到危险,危及,危害→danger n.危险,危险事物 23.recycle vi. & vt.再利用,回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收的→unrecyclable adj.不可回收的 24.informative adj.有教育意义的,知识性强的→information n.信息→inform v.通知 25.illegally adv.非法地,违法地→illegal adj.非法的,不合法的→legal adj.合法的 26.extinct adj.灭绝的,绝种的→extinction n.灭绝 27.urgent adj.紧急的,急迫的→urgently adv.紧急地,急迫地→urgency n.紧急,紧急的事 28.threat n.威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 凶兆;征兆→threaten v.威胁
重点短语 动词短语 1.sum up 概括,总结 2.suffer from 遭受 3.be located in 坐落在 4.have a negative impact on 对……有负面影响 5.be home to 是……的家园 6.set out 开始做某事,着手进行 7.be bad for 对……有害 8.do away with 废除,除去 9.make sure 确保,确信 10.throw away 扔掉,丢弃 11.protect the environment 保护环境 12.pick sb up 接某人 13.stop off 中途停留 14.be full of 充满 15.be committed to doing sth 致力于做某事,献身于做某事 16.die out 消失,绝迹,灭绝 17.wipe out 彻底毁灭 18.blame ... on ... 把……归咎于…… 19.be at risk 处境危险,受到威胁 20.be known as 作为……而闻名 21.take action 采取行动 22.set up 建立 23.have a role 起某种作用 24.do one’s part 尽自己的职责 25.cut down 砍下,砍倒 26.be passionate about 对……充满热情 27.be addicted to 对……上瘾 28.be stressed out 焦虑的 介词短语和其他 29.in short 简而言之 30.as a result 结果,因此 31.instead of 代替,而不是 32.on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上 33.from now on 从现在起 34.in addition to 除……之外(还有) 35.in the last 20 years 在过去的20年里 36.an average of 平均是…… 37.traffic jam 交通堵塞 38.to be frank 说实话
背多分2 单元重点 语境背记
threat n. 威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能;可能会带来危险的人(或事)→threaten v. (threatened, threatened, threatening) 威胁到,危及→threatening adj. 威胁的;恐吓的
背重点 背写作佳句
1)a threat to对……构成威胁的人或事物 under threat受到威胁 2)threaten to do sth威胁做某事 threaten sb with sth用某物威胁某人 ①He was threatened ________ dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work.他受到警告,如果继续上班迟到,就被辞退。 ②Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.只有学会与大自然和谐共处,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。(环境保护) ③Water is one of our most critical resources, but it is ________ threat around the world.水是我们最重要的资源之一,但它在全世界都受到威胁。(环境保护)
switch vi.& vt. (switched, switched, switching) 改变;转换 n. 开关;转换
背重点 背写作佳句
switch off关上(电灯、电视等);断掉(电源) switch on打开;接通 switch over转变;转换;换台 switch to切换到;转到 ①With the development of science and technology, we have switched ________ to telephone banking.随着科技的发展,我们已经改用手机银行了。 ②However, if I have to give up one of them, I will turn off the TV rather than switch ________ my cellphone or cut off the Internet.然而,如果我不得不放弃其中一个,我会关掉电视,而不是关掉手机或切断网络。 ③Then I got up, went downstairs and switched ________ the TV in the living room.然后我起床,下楼,打开起居室的电视。(动作描写)
mass n. 大量,许多;团,块,堆;群众 adj. 大量的;大规模的→massive adj. 巨大的;大量的
背重点 背写作佳句
a mass of/masses of“大量的,许多的”,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词 a mass of/asses of+ ①Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colors.有些人可能认为花园无非就是植物、花卉、图案和大量的颜色。 ②He just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws.他只是不停地用他那巨大的爪子想把篱笆拆掉。 ③The explosion made a ________ (mass) hole in the ground.爆炸在地面上留下了一个巨大的坑。
decrease n. 减少;降低;减少的量 vt.& vi. (decreased, decreased, decreasing) (使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
背重点 背写作佳句
1)decrease by减少了 decrease (from ...) to (从……)减少到 decrease in在某方面下降 2)on the decrease在下降;在减少 a decrease in sth某方面的减少/下降 ①With the traffic improving, the number of accidents is ________ the decrease.随着交通状况的改善,交通事故的数量在减少。(交通主题) ②The number of new students has decreased ________ 2,000 ________ 1,600 in recent two years.近两年新生人数从2 000减少到1 600人。 ③On behalf of the School Students’Union, I call on all of my fellow students to do what we can to help to decrease the chances of disease infection.我代表学校学生会呼吁所有同学尽我们所能帮助减少感染疾病的机会。(倡议书)
blame vt. (blamed, blamed, blaming) 把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n. 责备;指责
背重点 背写作佳句
1)blame sb for sth因某事责备某人 blame sth on sb/sth将某事归咎于某人/某物 be to blame (for sth)应(对某事)负责任 2)take/bear the blame for ...承担……的责任 put/place/lay the blame on sb/sth归咎于某人/某物 ①I see what you mean. These days you can see traffic jams around schools at drop-off and pick-up times, but it’s hard to blame the parents.我明白你的意思。这些天你可以看到学校周围在接送时间的交通堵塞,但这很难责怪父母。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) ②Blamed ________ the failure of the performance, Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly.蒂姆因演出失败而受责备,他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。(情感描写) ③With so much blame pouring like flood, Daniel was too sorrowful to utter a single word.许多责备如洪水般涌来,丹尼尔悲伤得说不出一句话。(心理描写)
endangered adj. 濒危的→endanger v. (endangered, endangered, endangering) 使遭危险;危及;危害→danger n. 危险;风险;危险因素,威胁→dangerous adj. 危险的
背重点 背写作佳句
in danger在危险中 in danger of (doing) sth有(做)某事的危险 out of danger脱离危险 ①At present, as a consequence of human activities, many wild animals are ________ (endanger).目前,由于人类活动的影响,许多野生动物濒临灭绝。(环境保护) ②Terrified, I screamed. Fortunately, I was ________ of danger with my neighbors’help.感到非常恐慌,我尖叫起来。幸运的是,在邻居们的帮助下,我脱离了危险。 ③Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
related adj. 有关系的(connected),相关的;有亲属关系的→relate v. (related, related, relating) 相联系,有关联;叙述,讲述→relation n. 联系,关系;亲戚→relative adj. 相对的;有关系的 n. 亲戚,相关物
背重点 背写作佳句
1)be related to与……有关系 relate ... to ...把……与……联系起来 2)in relation to与……有关;涉及;与……相比 ①The differences between print and digital reading results are partly ________ (relate) to paper’s physical properties.印刷和数字阅读结果之间的差异部分与纸张的物理特性有关。 ②You should write down all the information in relation ________ the problem.你应该把与这个问题相关的所有信息都写下来。 ③He related the facts of the case to the journalists.他向记者们讲述了这件事的实际情况。
claim v. (claimed, claimed, claiming) 声称;断言;主张;(战争、事故等)夺去(生命);认领;索赔 n. (根据权利而提出的) 要求;主张;声称;索赔
背重点 背写作佳句
claim to do sth声称/主张做某事 claim to have done sth声称做过某事 claim that ...声称…… It is claimed that ...有人主张……;据说…… ①He claimed to have served under seven presidents since entering the Senate at 29.他声称,自29岁进入参议院以来,他已经为七任总统服务过。 ②He claimed that he ________ (find) the same mysterious cave of the science fiction, which was really absurd and ridiculous.他声称自己发现了和科幻小说中一样的神秘洞穴,真是荒唐可笑。 ③She claimed damages ________ the company for the injury she had suffered.她要求公司赔偿她所受的伤害。
短语1up to 达到(数量、程度等);直到;能胜任
背重点 背写作佳句
It is up to sb to do sth.由某人决定做某事。 It is up to you.随你的便。/由你来决定。 up to now直到现在(与现在完成时连用) up to then直到那时 ①I am confident that I am up to the voluntary work.我自信我能胜任这个志愿者工作。(申请信) ②Life just gives us time and space; it’s up to us how to fill it.生活只给我们时间和空间,如何去填充它由我们决定。(主旨升华) ③There is a warning for strong winds ________ 100 kilometers per hour.有风速高达每小时100公里的强风警告。
短语2wipe out 彻底摧毁;消灭
背重点 背写作佳句
wipe away擦掉;消除掉 wipe sth off/from从……上擦去某物;勾销(债务等) wipe ... with ...用……擦…… wipe up擦干净 ①She wiped the makeup ________ her face before going to bed.她睡觉前擦掉了脸上的化妆品。 ②As Susan bent her head, she heard the remark and wiped ________ her tears.苏姗低着头,听到这句话,抹去眼泪。(动作描写) ③Don’t bother to wipe ________ the dishes, just put them on the table.碟子不用擦干净了,把它们放在桌子上就行。
短语3die out 消失;绝迹,灭绝
背重点 背写作佳句
1)die away逐渐模糊,逐渐消失 die down逐渐降低,逐渐平息 die off相继死去 die of/from死于…… 2)be dying to do sth渴望做某事 be dying for sth渴望某物 ①I’m dying to get your support.我渴望得到您的支持。 ②We need to take action before the endangered animals die ________.在濒危动物灭绝之前我们应该采取行动。(动物保护) ③The fire in the forest is dying ________, and will soon die ________.森林的火势在逐渐减弱,不久会消失的。
句式1“百分数+of+名词”作主语,主谓要一致
In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. 事实上,超过90%的曾经存在过的物种现在已经灭绝。
背重点 背写作佳句
1)“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义 2)由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ...等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致 3)由there, here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致 4)主语后跟with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than等连接的短语时,谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持一致 ①Either you or one of your classmates ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议。 ②There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room.房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。 ③About one third of the books ________ (be) written by him.这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。
句式2without 引导含蓄虚拟语气
Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive. 没有森林,我们就不能呼吸空气;没有干净的水,我们将无法生存。
背重点 背写作佳句
1)without引导含蓄虚拟语气既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(句子中用would/could/might/should do);也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(句子用would/could/might/should have done) 2)有类似用法的还有:otherwise/or(否则),but for(要不是)等或上下文的暗示 ①Without setbacks, our life would not be filled with wonderful stories.如果没有挫折,我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。(主旨升华) ②But for the encouraging cheers from the audience, our team couldn’t have won such a match.要不是观众鼓舞人心的欢呼,我们队不可能赢得比赛。 ③________ her encouragement, I wouldn’t have been immersed in sorrow for the rest of the day.如果当时有她的鼓励,我就不会在接下来的一天里都沉浸在悲伤里。
句式3“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构
When I asked a friend working for a green-living organisation for advice about how to give up, she told me five things ... 当我向绿色组织的一个朋友询问如何放弃时,她给了五条建议……
背重点 背写作佳句
①If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel.如果非要我推荐一个罗马的住宿地点,那一定是Yellow Hostel。(推荐信) ②I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to make Chinese tea.如果您能就如何泡中国茶给我们提些建议,我将不胜感激。(求助信) ③I don’t know ______________ with all the food that’s left over.我不知道怎样处理所有这些剩饭剩菜。
背多分3 续写素材 场景练背
——动作描写之head “头部”动作
仰/摇头等 ①raise one’s head仰头; ②hold one’s head high高昂着头; ③throw one’s head back头往后仰; ④drop/lower/bow/hang one’s head低头; ⑤stick/poke one’s head伸/探头; ⑥shake one’s head摇头
转/挠头等 ①turn one’s head转头; ②scratch one’s head挠头; ③put/hold/bury one’s head in one’s hands双手抱头; ④rest one’s head on/against把头靠在……上面; ⑤with a nod点头; ⑥head for/towards朝……走去
用表“头部”动作的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景23 | “环境保护”主题下的“头部”动作
I lived in a historic and scenic town. However, I ①________________________________ (对一些现象感到恼火) recently and I couldn’t swallow my anger. When I walked slowly in each place, I saw varied plastic packaging, shells of nuts and characters carved on walls and trees. Besides, there were often traffic jams in the town. Then I approached my mother, sat close to her, ②__________________________________________ (把头靠在我妈妈的肩膀上,我几乎忍不住哭,动作描写). She stroked my head and encouraged me to take immediate action. Finally, I ③______________________________ (抬起头,并擦干眼泪), with hope in my eyes. Anxious about my town, I set out to clean up the rubbish with other environmentalists. Instead of blaming tourists for the pollution/blaming the pollution on tourists, I decided to affect others with my behaviour.
微场景24 | “优秀品行”主题下的“头部”动作
Still reluctant to give in, the boy ④______________________ (高昂着头), insisting it was the cat that broke the vase. Instead of laying bare the truth, the mother pulled him close and pressed another two chocolates into his hand, “A reward for the perfect repair.” Now with some chocolates in hand, the boy’s bad attitude disappeared. How he wished the ground could open up and swallow him! “Mom, I’m sorry. It was not the cat; it was me ...” he stammered out the truth, ⑤____________________________________ (低头) in shame.
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
背多分2
1.①with ③under 2.①over ②off
③on 3.③massive 4.①on ②from； to
5.②for 6.①endangered ②out
7.①related ②to 8.②had found
③from 9.③up to 10.①off/from
②away ③up 11.②out ③down； away
12.①is ③were 13.③With 14.③what to do
背多分3
①was annoyed at/about some phenomena
②rested my head on her shoulder and could hardly resist weeping ③raised my head and wiped my tears ④held his head high
⑤bowing/dropping/lowering/hanging his head(共57张PPT)
选择性必修 第一册
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
主题语境 不同民族文化习俗与传统节日
单元词汇 多维速记
背多分1
1.reuse the used items 重新使用用过的物品
2.plastic bags 塑料袋
3.wipe the floor 擦地板
4.the local council 地方委员会
5.organic vegetables有机蔬菜
6.a pair of chopsticks 一双筷子
7.Confucius Institute 孔子学院
8.in the past decades 在过去的几十年里
9.solar energy 太阳能
10.endangered species 濒危物种
11.swallow the medicine 咽下药
12.be diagnosed with cancer 被诊断出患癌
13.the Atlantic hurricanes 大西洋飓风
1.drug n. 药物，药材；毒品
2.temple n. 寺庙
3.thunderstorm n. 雷暴
4.typhoon n. 台风
5.mining n. 采矿业
6.rhino n. 犀牛
7.horn n. (牛、羊等头上的)角
8.asteroid n. 小行星
9.hatch v. 孵化
10.packaging n. 包装盒，包装材料
11.shell n. 壳；贝壳
12.dirt n. 灰尘，尘土
13.poultry n. 家禽肉，家禽
14.bin n. 垃圾箱
15.carton n. 硬纸盒；塑料盒
1.stuck adj. 卡住，无法移动的→stick v. 粘住，阻塞，伸出 n. 棍，棒，树枝
2.annoyed adj. 烦恼的，生气的→annoy v. 使恼怒，使生气→annoying adj. 使人烦恼的
3.relate vi. 相联系，有关联→related adj. 相关的，有关系的→relation n. 关系，联系
4.regular adj. 定期的，有规律的→regularly adv. 定期地，有规律地
5.suit vt. 适合 n. 套装→suitable adj. 适合的，适宜的
6.organic adj. 不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的→organ n. 器官，风琴→organism n. 生物有机体
7.involve vt. 包含，需要→involved adj. 参与的，投入的→involvement n. 参与
8.cruel adj. 残忍的，残酷的→cruelly adv. 残忍地，残酷地→cruelty n. 残忍，残酷
9.chemical n. 化学品 adj. 化学的→chemist n. 化学家，药剂师→chemistry n. 化学
14.innovative adj. 新颖的，创新的，革新的→innovate v. 创新，革新→innovation n. 新观念，创新
15.refillable adj. 可再填充的→refill v. 再填空，再装满→fill v. 充满，装满
16.aware adj. 意识到的，明白的→awareness n. 意识，认识
17.unusual adj. 异常的，不平常的→usual adj. 通常的，惯例的，平常的→usually adv. 通常，经常
18.reusable adj. 可再使用的，可重复使用的→reuse v. 再次使用,重复使用
19.anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的→anxiously adv. 焦虑地，不安地→anxiety n. 焦虑，不安
20.varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的→vary v. 相异，不同，改变→various adj. 不同的，各种各样的→variety n. 多样，种类,变化，多样化
21.affect vt. 影响→effect n. 效果，影响→effective adj. 有效的，起作用的→effectively adv. 有效地，生效地
22.endangered adj. 濒危的→endanger v. 使遭到危险，危及，危害→danger n. 危险，危险事物
23.recycle vi. & vt. 再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj. 可回收的→unrecyclable adj. 不可回收的
24.informative adj. 有教育意义的，知识性强的→information n. 信息→inform v. 通知
动词短语
1.sum up 概括，总结
2.suffer from 遭受
3.be located in 坐落在
4.have a negative impact on 对……有负面影响
5.be home to 是……的家园
6.set out 开始做某事，着手进行
7.be bad for 对……有害
8.do away with 废除，除去
9.make sure 确保，确信
10.throw away 扔掉，丢弃
11.protect the environment 保护环境
12.pick sb up 接某人
13.stop off 中途停留
14.be full of 充满
15.be committed to doing sth 致力于做某事，献身于做某事
16.die out 消失，绝迹，灭绝
17.wipe out 彻底毁灭
18.blame ... on ... 把……归咎于……
19.be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
20.be known as 作为……而闻名
21.take action 采取行动
22.set up 建立
23.have a role 起某种作用
24.do one’s part 尽自己的职责
25.cut down 砍下，砍倒
26.be passionate about 对……充满热情
27.be addicted to 对……上瘾
28.be stressed out 焦虑的
介词短语和其他
29.in short 简而言之
30.as a result 结果，因此
31.instead of 代替，而不是
32.on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上
33.from now on 从现在起
34.in addition to 除……之外(还有)
35.in the last 20 years 在过去的20年里
36.an average of 平均是……
37.traffic jam 交通堵塞
38.to be frank 说实话
单元重点 语境背记
背多分2
1.threat n. 威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能；可能会带来危险的人(或事)→threaten v. (threatened, threatened, threatening) 威胁到，危及→threatening adj. 威胁的；恐吓的
背重点
1)a threat to 对……构成威胁的人或事物
under threat 受到威胁
2)threaten to do sth 威胁做某事
threaten sb with sth 用某物威胁某人
背写作佳句
①He was threatened ________ dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work. 他受到警告，如果继续上班迟到，就被辞退。
②Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 只有学会与大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。(环境保护)
③Water is one of our most critical resources, but it is ________ threat around the world. 水是我们最重要的资源之一，但它在全世界都受到威胁。(环境保护)
with
under
2.switch vi.& vt. (switched, switched, switching) 改变；转换 n. 开关;转换
背重点
switch off 关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)
switch on 打开；接通
switch over 转变；转换；换台
switch to 切换到；转到
背写作佳句
①With the development of science and technology, we have switched ________ to telephone banking. 随着科技的发展，我们已经改用手机银行了。
②However, if I have to give up one of them, I will turn off the TV rather than switch ________ my cellphone or cut off the Internet. 然而，如果我不得不放弃其中一个，我会关掉电视，而不是关掉手机或切断网络。
③Then I got up, went downstairs and switched ________ the TV in the living room.然后我起床，下楼，打开起居室的电视。(动作描写)
over
off
on
3.mass n. 大量，许多；团，块，堆；群众 adj. 大量的；大规模的→massive adj. 巨大的；大量的
背重点
a mass of/masses of “大量的，许多的”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词
a mass of/masses of+
背写作佳句
①Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colors. 有些人可能认为花园无非就是植物、花卉、图案和大量的颜色。
②He just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws. 他只是不停地用他那巨大的爪子想把篱笆拆掉。
③The explosion made a ________ (mass) hole in the ground. 爆炸在地面上留下了一个巨大的坑。
massive
4.decrease n. 减少；降低；减少的量 vt.& vi. (decreased, decreased, decreasing) (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
背重点
1)decrease by 减少了
decrease (from ...) to (从……)减少到
decrease in 在某方面下降
2)on the decrease 在下降；在减少
a decrease in sth 某方面的减少/下降
背写作佳句
①With the traffic improving, the number of accidents is ________ the decrease.随着交通状况的改善，交通事故的数量在减少。(交通主题)
②The number of new students has decreased ________ 2,000 ________ 1,600 in recent two years.近两年新生人数从2 000减少到1 600人。
③On behalf of the School Students’ Union, I call on all of my fellow students to do what we can to help to decrease the chances of disease infection. 我代表学校学生会呼吁所有同学尽我们所能帮助减少感染疾病的机会。(倡议书)
on
from
to
5.blame vt. (blamed, blamed, blaming) 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责
背重点
1)blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人
blame sth on sb/sth 将某事归咎于某人/某物
be to blame (for sth) 应(对某事)负责任
2)take/bear the blame for ... 承担……的责任
put/place/lay the blame on sb/sth 归咎于某人/某物
背写作佳句
①I see what you mean. These days you can see traffic jams around schools at drop-off and pick-up times, but it’s hard to blame the parents. 我明白你的意思。这些天你可以看到学校周围在接送时间的交通堵塞，但这很难责怪父母。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②Blamed ________ the failure of the performance, Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly.蒂姆因演出失败而受责备，他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。(情感描写)
for
③With so much blame pouring like flood, Daniel was too sorrowful to utter a single word. 许多责备如洪水般涌来，丹尼尔悲伤得说不出一句话。(心理描写)
6.endangered adj. 濒危的→endanger v. (endangered, endangered, endangering) 使遭危险；危及；危害→danger n. 危险；风险；危险因素，威胁→dangerous adj. 危险的
背重点
in danger 在危险中
in danger of (doing) sth 有(做)某事的危险
out of danger 脱离危险
背写作佳句
①At present, as a consequence of human activities, many wild animals are ____________ (endanger). 目前，由于人类活动的影响，许多野生动物濒临灭绝。(环境保护)
②Terrified, I screamed. Fortunately, I was ________ of danger with my neighbors’ help. 感到非常恐慌，我尖叫起来。幸运的是，在邻居们的帮助下，我脱离了危险。
endangered
out
③Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
7.related adj. 有关系的(connected)，相关的；有亲属关系的→relate v. (related, related, relating) 相联系，有关联；叙述，讲述→relation n. 联系，关系；亲戚→relative adj. 相对的；有关系的 n. 亲戚，相关物
背重点
1)be related to 与……有关系
relate ... to ... 把……与……联系起来
2)in relation to 与……有关；涉及；与……相比
背写作佳句
①The differences between print and digital reading results are partly ________ (relate) to paper’s physical properties. 印刷和数字阅读结果之间的差异部分与纸张的物理特性有关。
②You should write down all the information in relation ________ the problem. 你应该把与这个问题相关的所有信息都写下来。
③He related the facts of the case to the journalists. 他向记者们讲述了这件事的实际情况。
related
to
8.claim v. (claimed, claimed, claiming) 声称；断言；主张；(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；认领；索赔 n. (根据权利而提出的) 要求；主张;声称；索赔
背重点
claim to do sth 声称/主张做某事
claim to have done sth 声称做过某事
claim that ... 声称……
It is claimed that ... 有人主张……；据说……
背写作佳句
①He claimed to have served under seven presidents since entering the Senate at 29. 他声称，自29岁进入参议院以来，他已经为七任总统服务过。
②He claimed that he ____________ (find) the same mysterious cave of the science fiction, which was really absurd and ridiculous. 他声称自己发现了和科幻小说中一样的神秘洞穴，真是荒唐可笑。
③She claimed damages ________ the company for the injury she had suffered. 她要求公司赔偿她所受的伤害。
had found
from
9.短语1 up to 达到(数量、程度等)；直到；能胜任
背重点
It is up to sb to do sth. 由某人决定做某事。
It is up to you. 随你的便。/由你来决定。
up to now 直到现在(与现在完成时连用)
up to then 直到那时
背写作佳句
①I am confident that I am up to the voluntary work.我自信我能胜任这个志愿者工作。(申请信)
②Life just gives us time and space; it’s up to us how to fill it.生活只给我们时间和空间，如何去填充它由我们决定。(主旨升华)
③There is a warning for strong winds ________ 100 kilometers per hour. 有风速高达每小时100公里的强风警告。
up to
10.短语2 wipe out 彻底摧毁；消灭
背重点
wipe away 擦掉；消除掉
wipe sth off/from 从……上擦去某物；勾销(债务等)
wipe ... with ... 用……擦……
wipe up 擦干净
背写作佳句
①She wiped the makeup ________ her face before going to bed. 她睡觉前擦掉了脸上的化妆品。
②As Susan bent her head, she heard the remark and wiped ________ her tears. 苏姗低着头，听到这句话，抹去眼泪。(动作描写)
③Don’t bother to wipe ________ the dishes, just put them on the table. 碟子不用擦干净了，把它们放在桌子上就行。
off/from
away
up
11.短语3 die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝
背重点
1)die away 逐渐模糊，逐渐消失
die down 逐渐降低，逐渐平息
die off 相继死去
die of/from 死于……
2)be dying to do sth 渴望做某事
be dying for sth 渴望某物
背写作佳句
①I’m dying to get your support. 我渴望得到您的支持。
②We need to take action before the endangered animals die ________.在濒危动物灭绝之前我们应该采取行动。(动物保护)
③The fire in the forest is dying ________, and will soon die ________. 森林的火势在逐渐减弱，不久会消失的。
out
down
away
12.句式1 “百分数+of+名词”作主语，主谓要一致
In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. 事实上，超过90%的曾经存在过的物种现在已经灭绝。
背重点
1)“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义
2)由 or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ... 等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数常与最邻近的
主语保持一致
3)由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致
4)主语后跟 with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than等连接的短语时，谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持一致
背写作佳句
①Either you or one of your classmates ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议。
②There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
③About one third of the books ________ (be) written by him. 这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。
is
were
13.句式2 without 引导含蓄虚拟语气
Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive. 没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
背重点
1)without引导含蓄虚拟语气既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(句子中用would/could/might/should do)；也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(句子用would/could/might/should have done)
2)有类似用法的还有：otherwise/or(否则)，but for(要不是)等或上下文的暗示
背写作佳句
①Without setbacks, our life would not be filled with wonderful stories. 如果没有挫折，我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。(主旨升华)
②But for the encouraging cheers from the audience, our team couldn’t have won such a match.要不是观众鼓舞人心的欢呼，我们队不可能赢得比赛。
③________ her encouragement, I wouldn’t have been immersed in sorrow for the rest of the day. 如果当时有她的鼓励，我就不会在接下来的一天里都沉浸在悲伤里。
With
14.句式3 “特殊疑问词+不定式”结构
When I asked a friend working for a green-living organisation for advice about how to give up, she told me five things ... 当我向绿色组织的一个朋友询问如何放弃时，她给了五条建议……
背重点
背写作佳句
①If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. 如果非要我推荐一个罗马的住宿地点，那一定是Yellow Hostel。(推荐信)
②I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to make Chinese tea. 如果您能就如何泡中国茶给我们提些建议，我将不胜感激。(求助信)
③I don’t know ______________ with all the food that’s left over. 我不知道怎样处理所有这些剩饭剩菜。
what to do
续写素材 场景练背
背多分3
——动作描写之head “头部”动作
仰/摇头等 ①raise one’s head仰头; ②hold one’s head high高昂着头; ③throw one’s head back头往后仰; ④drop/lower/bow/hang one’s head低头; ⑤stick/poke one’s head伸/探头; ⑥shake one’s head摇头
转/挠头等 ①turn one’s head转头; ②scratch one’s head挠头; ③put/hold/bury one’s head in one’s hands双手抱头; ④rest one’s head on/against把头靠在……上面; ⑤with a nod点头; ⑥head for/towards朝……走去
用表“头部”动作的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景23 | “环境保护”主题下的“头部”动作
I lived in a historic and scenic town. However, I ①__________________
_________________________ (对一些现象感到恼火) recently and I couldn’t swallow my anger. When I walked slowly in each place, I saw varied plastic packaging, shells of nuts and characters carved on walls and trees. Besides, there were often traffic jams in the town. Then I approached my mother, sat close to her, ②_________________________
_______________________________________ (把头靠在我妈妈的肩
was annoyed at/about some phenomena
rested my head on her
shoulder and could hardly resist weeping
膀上，我几乎忍不住哭，动作描写). She stroked my head and encouraged me to take immediate action. Finally, I ③________________
____________________ (抬起头，并擦干眼泪), with hope in my eyes. Anxious about my town, I set out to clean up the rubbish with other environmentalists. Instead of blaming tourists for the pollution/blaming the pollution on tourists, I decided to affect others with my behaviour.
raised my head
and wiped my tears
微场景24 | “优秀品行”主题下的“头部”动作
Still reluctant to give in, the boy ④___________________ (高昂着头), insisting it was the cat that broke the vase. Instead of laying bare the truth, the mother pulled him close and pressed another two chocolates into his hand, “A reward for the perfect repair.” Now with some chocolates in hand, the boy’s bad attitude disappeared. How he wished the ground could open up and swallow him! “Mom, I’m sorry. It was not the cat; it was me ...” he stammered out the truth, ⑤________________________________
___________ (低头) in shame.
held his head high
bowing/dropping/lowering/hanging
his head
