UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
主题语境 人类生物学
背多分1 单元词汇 多维速记
写作词汇 1.an accurate description精准的描述 2.some rare species一些稀有物种 3.be bound to succeed肯定会成功 4.one visible symptom一个明显的症状 5.develop steadily稳步发展 6.the actual number of students实际学生人数 7.some essential clues一些至关重要的线索 8.break the barrier突破障碍 9.one atom of oxygen一个氧原子 10.victims of the floods洪灾的受害者 11.mineral ingredients矿物成分 12.identical methods完全相同的方法 13.in favour of you forever永远支持你 14.take part in a marathon参加马拉松赛跑 15.a crucial witness一个关键的目击者
阅读词汇 1.athletics n. 田径运动会 2.vaccine n. 疫苗 3.nerve n. 神经;焦虑,恐惧,紧张 4.primate n. 灵长目动物 5.cattle n. 牛 6.mammal n. 哺乳动物 7.gene n. 基因 8.blessing n. 福气,幸运 9.organ n. 器官 10.zone n. 地区,地带 11.epidemic n. 传染病,流行病 12.bacteria n. 细菌 13.trial n. 试验;审判,审理
派生词形 1.edit vi. & vt.编辑,编校;剪辑,剪接→editor n.编辑;主编→edition n.版本;版次 2.reproductive adj.繁殖的,生殖的→productive adj.生产的;多产的;富有成效的→product n.产品;产物 3.accurate adj.准确的,正确的→accurately adv.精确地;准确地→accuracy n.准确(性);精确(性) 4.treatment n.诊疗,治疗,疗法;对待方式→treat v. & n.对待;把……看作;治疗;款待 5.emotion n.强烈的情感,激情→emotional adj.感情的;情感的→emotionally adv.感情上;情感上 6.nerve n.神经;焦虑,恐惧,紧张→nervous adj.焦虑的;担忧的→nervously adv.焦急地;神经质地 7.locate vi. & vt.找出……的准确位置→location n.地点;位置→located adj.位于……的 8.variation n.变化物,变体;差异,变动→vary v.变化;不同→various adj.各种各样的→variety n.变化;多样化;不同种类 9.classify vt.将……分类;把……归入一类→classification n.归类,分类,分级 10.opposed adj.与某事物相反;反对某事物,不赞成某事物→oppose v.反对→opposite adj. & prep.对面的;与……相对 n.反面,对立面 11.depressing adj.令人沮丧的,让人忧愁的→depress v.使沮丧;使抑郁→depressed adj.沮丧的;消沉的→depression n.抑郁;沮丧 经济萧条;低气压 12.visible adj.看得见的→visibly adv.易察觉地;明显地→invisible adj.看不见的;隐形的 13.systematic adj.系统化的,有条理的→system n.体系;系统→systematically adv.系统化地 14.globe n.地球,世界;地球仪→global adj.全球的;全世界的→globally adv.全球地;全球范围内 15.biology n.生物学→biological adj.生物的;生物学的→biologist n.生物学家 16.capability n. (完成困难事情的)能力,才能→capable adj.有能力的;足以胜任的→capably adv.能干地 17.justify vt.证明……有道理,为……辩护→justice n.公平;公正→justified adj.有正当理由的;合乎情理的 18.calculate vt.计算,核算→calculation n.计算;估计→calculator n.计算器 19.athletics n.田径运动会→athletic adj.田径运动的;健壮的→athlete n.运动员;健儿 20.innovate vi. & vt.革新,创新,改革→innovation n.改革;创新→innovative adj.创新的;革新的 21.participant n.参加者,参与者→participate v.参加;参与→participation n.参与;参加 22.corresponding adj.相应的;对应的→correspond v.相当于;相一致;符合→correspondence n.通信;一致;符合 23.differ vi.不同,不一样;有异议→different adj.不同的;有差异的→difference n.不同(之处);差异→differently adv.不同地 24.identify vt.确定,发现;认出,识别→identification n.确定;辨认;坚定 25.symbolically adv.象征地,象征性地→symbolic adj.象征性的→symbol n.象征;符号 26.actual adj.实际的,真实的→actually adv.实际上,事实上 parison n.比较→compare v.作比较 28.contain vt.包含,容纳→container n.容器 29.suspect n. (犯罪)嫌疑人,可疑分子 v.怀疑(某人有罪);感觉有问题→suspicion n.怀疑;嫌疑→suspicious adj.可疑的
重点短语 动词短语 1.divide ... into ... 把……分成…… 2.fight against 对抗;反对……而战 3.leave out 省去;遗漏;不考虑;忽视 4.break out 爆发;突然发生 5.carry out 开展;实施 6.track down 跟踪找到;追查到 7.result from 由……引起 8.cut down (on sth) 削减,缩小(尺寸、数量或数目) 9.make up 构成,组成;编造;化妆 10.be responsible for 对……负责 11.lead to 导致;通向 12.be bound to 一定会 13.view ... as ... 把……看作…… 14.be capable of 能够;有能力 15.devote ... to ... 把……致力于……;奉献于…… 16.suffer from 遭受;患病 17.result in 导致;结果是 e up with 提出;想出 19.get over 从(不快或疾病中)恢复过来 20.get through 度过,熬过(困难或不快的时期) 介词短语和其他 21.to and from 来回地 22.in comparison with 与……相比 23.at one’s best 处于最佳状态 24.on record 记录在案的;公开发表的 25.as a result of 由于;因为 26.as/so long as 只要 27.a great deal of 大量的
背多分2 单元重点 语境背记
participant n. 参加者,参与者→participate vi. (participated, participated, participating) 参加;参与
背重点 背写作佳句
participate in (doing) sth参加(做)某事 participate with sb in sth与某人分担某物;同某人一起参与某事 ①Hopefully, you can participate ________ the game, as your participation can surely help us win the championship.希望你能参加比赛,因为你的参与一定能帮助我们获得冠军。(邀请信) ②Our society needs the full participation ________ its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive.我们的社会想要继续繁荣,年轻公民的参与是必不可少的。(主旨升华) ③Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused to participate.穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加。(通知)
comparison n. 比较
背重点 背写作佳句
1)by comparison相比之下,相较而言 by/in comparison with与……相比较 2)compare ... with ...把……和……相比较 compare ... to ...把……比作……;把……和……相比较 compared to/with ...和……相比(通常作状语) ①Personally, I prefer the course comparing Chinese culture with British culture.就我个人而言,我更喜欢比较中国文化和英国文化的课程。 ②________________________ buses and planes, people prefer CRH because of its high speed, comfort and safety.与公共汽车和飞机相比,人们更喜欢中国高铁,因为它高速、舒适和安全。(交通主题) ③My childhood is quite happy compared with hers.与她的童年相比,我的童年相当快乐。
bound adj. 很有可能,肯定会
背重点 背写作佳句
be bound to do sth一定会做某事,很可能会做某事;有义务做某事 be bound for ...准备前往某地 by/in leaps and bounds非常迅速;飞跃地;突飞猛进 bound up with sth和某事物密切相关 be bound up in sth忙于某事;热衷于某事 ①I hold the firm belief that everyone is bound ________ (receive) unexpected joy.我坚信,每个人都一定会得到意想不到的快乐。(宣传稿) ②We are bound ________ Beijing to attend his anniversary of marriage next week.下周我们准备前往北京去参加他的结婚周年纪念日。 ③He’s too bound up in his work to have much time for his children. 他工作太忙,没有很多时间陪孩子。
contain vt. (contained, contained, containing) 包含;含有;容纳;装盛
背重点 背写作佳句
1)contain ... (全部)包含/容纳…… contain oneself克制自己 contain one’s+excitement/anger抑制自己的激动/愤怒 2)include+n./pron./doing包括…… including+被包括的一部分=被包括的一部分+included包括…… ①Our school stadium is large enough ________ (contain) 3,000 people, where a wide variety of sports events can be held.我校体育场大得足以容纳3 000人,在体育场能举办各种体育赛事。(告知信) ②I could hardly contain my pride in David. 我无法抑制以大卫为傲的心情。(2022·新高考卷读后续写) ③Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves, containing separate portions.在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售袋装鸡肉或沙拉,它们被设计成包含独立部分的两半。(2024·浙江1月卷)
opposed adj. 与某事物相反;反对某事物,不赞成某事物→oppose vt. (opposed, opposed, opposing) 反对;抵制;阻挠
背重点 背写作佳句
1)oppose (doing) sth反对(做)某事 oppose sb/sb’s doing sth反对某人做某事 2)be opposed to (one’s) doing sth反对(某人)做某事 object to (one’s) doing sth反对(某人)做某事 ①With the nation opposing ________ (waste) food, an activity has been launched to call on us students to save food.由于全国反对浪费食物,一项活动已经发起,呼吁我们学生节约食物。(活动介绍) ②Because all of my friends were opposed to my plan, I couldn’t resist sobbing sadly.因为我所有的朋友都反对我的计划,我忍不住痛哭起来。(情感描写) ③Beyond the pool a gentle slope of earth ran up and up to meet the opposing wall.池塘的另一边,一个缓坡向上延伸,与对面的墙相接。(环境描写)
estimate vt. (estimated, estimated, estimating) 估计;估价;估算 n. 估计;估算
背重点 背写作佳句
1)estimate sth at sth估算;估计 be estimated to be/have估计是/有 estimate that估计…… It is estimated that ...据估计…… 2)make an estimate of给……估价/估计 ①Windy though it was that day, we arrived at the castle which was estimated to be 700 years old.尽管那天风很大,我们还是到达了这座估计有700年历史的城堡。(短文) ②It is estimated ________ 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. 据估计,英语中80%的谈话都是闲谈。(短文) ③It is difficult to make an accurate estimate ________ the total available water power in the world.要对世界上全部可用的水力作出精确的估计是困难的。
suspect vt.& vi. (suspected, suspected, suspecting) 怀疑;疑有;不信任 n. (犯罪)嫌疑人;可疑分子
背重点 背写作佳句
suspect sth怀疑某事 suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人有(做)某事的嫌疑 be suspected of (doing) sth有(做)某事的嫌疑 suspect that ...怀疑……;觉得…… ①I once suspected that he had stolen the money, but later it turned out that I was proved wrong.我曾怀疑他偷了钱,但后来证明我错了。 ②Anyone suspected ________ drunk driving should be stopped and take an alcohol test.任何涉嫌酒后驾驶的人都应停车进行酒精测试。 ③If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.如果你怀疑有汽油泄漏,不要划火柴,甚至连电灯都不要开。
短语1be viewed as 被看作……
背重点 背写作佳句
1)view vt. (viewed, viewed, viewing)观看;看待 n.景色;观点;视野 2)view ... as ...把……看作…… 3)in one’s view在某人看来 in view of鉴于,考虑到 on view在展出 take the long view从长远来看 come into view进入视野 ①When a new beginning unfolds in the story of your life, wonderful things can come ________ view.当你的人生之旅出现新的起点时,你就会看到前所未有的美景。 ②A significant exhibition of contemporary sculpture will be ____________ at the Portland Gallery.一场关于当代雕塑的重要展览即将在波特兰美术馆开展。(通知) ③As ________ my point of view, to start with, you’d better do more reading.至于我的观点,首先,你最好多阅读。(建议信)
短语2track down 跟踪找到;追查到;搜寻到
背重点 背写作佳句
keep track of记录;与……保持联系;了解……的动态 lose track of与……失去联系 be on track步入正轨 get/be off the track离题;偏离目标 be on the right/wrong track思路正确/错误 a running track跑道 railway tracks铁路轨道 ①He is determined to ____________ the leak of the information.他下决心要查出消息是如何泄露出去的。 ②His mind would wander, and he would ____________ what he was doing.他会走神,忘了自己正在干什么。 ③Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track.杰西卡·平克是一名大学生,她建议和朋友一起上网课,这样你们可以互相督促,保持正确的方向。(2024·浙江1月卷)
短语3get through 用完,耗尽;接通;(设法)处理;完成;度过,熬过
背重点 背写作佳句
get on/along (well) with ...……进展状况/相处关系状况/身体状况(良好) get down下来,记下,写下 get over越过,克服 get down to (doing) sth开始认真处理/对待某事 ①A smile can help us get ________ difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关,在陌生人中找到朋友。(主旨升华) ②If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get ________ well with others.如果你在一个大家庭中长大,你更有可能培养与他人相处融洽的能力。 ③He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he’ll get over it.他没得到这份工作非常失望,不过他会想开的。
句式1whether ... or ... 不管……还是……
How it is used, whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind, depends on mankind and not on the instrument. 怎样使用它,究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难,完全取决于人类自己,而不是取决于工具。
背重点 背写作佳句
1)whether ... or ...“无论是……还是……,不管是……还是……”,引导让步状语从句 2)whether ... or ...也可引导名词性从句作主语或宾语 3)只用whether不用if的情况:①与or not直接连用;②后接不定式;③作介词的宾语;④作discuss的宾语;⑤位于句首;⑥位于系动词后,引导表语从句 ①So long as you try your best, it doesn’t matter whether you win or not.只要你尽最大努力了,赢不赢没有关系。(主旨升华) ②For a moment, she just stood there, feeling at a loss whether ________ (stay) here or leave at once.她就在那里站了一会儿,不知是该留下还是该马上离开。(情感描写) ③He felt upset and anxious, beginning to doubt ________ the voluntary job was one worthwhile to do.他感到沮丧和焦虑,开始怀疑他的志愿者工作是否值得做。(情感+心理描写)
句式2现在分词短语作结果状语
Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 科学家们现在估计,该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病,使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。
背重点 背写作佳句
此句中的making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire是现在分词短语作结果状语,表示意料、情理之中的结果;另外,动词不定式也可作结果状语,一般放在句子后面,且常表示出乎意料的结果,常与only, just等词连用 ①Jane stamped her feet into the forest angrily, only ________ (find) that she couldn’t identify direction. Worse still, it rained heavily suddenly, ________ (make) it more difficult to find her way out of the unfamiliar forest.简气呼呼地走进森林,却发现自己认不清方向。更糟糕的是,天突然下起了大雨,使她更难找到离开这片陌生森林的路。(场景描写) ②It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.人们认为如今的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是推荐量的三倍,这使他们患病的风险更高。
背多分3 续写素材 场景练背
——动作描写之arm “动手臂”
动“自 己的” ①wave one’s arms挥动某人的双臂; ②fold one’s arms某人双臂交叉; ③hold out/open one’s arms某人伸出/张开双臂; ④pull sb into one’s arms拉某人进怀; ⑤gather sb in one’s arms把某人抱在怀中;⑥put/throw one’s arms around sb搂住某人
其他 ①take one’s arm挽住某人的胳膊; ②catch/grab one’s arm抓住某人的胳膊; ③keep sb at arm’s length与某人保持距离; ④in each other’s arms互相搂抱着; ⑤with crossed arms双臂交叉; ⑥with open arms张开双臂(欢迎); ⑦arm in arm臂挽着臂; ⑧in one’s arms在某人怀中
用表“动手臂”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景35 | “友情”主题下的arm “动手臂”
He parked down the street not far from Bobby’s house, and rushed to his front door, ①____________________ (疯狂地向里挥手). But Bobby stood there ②______________________ (双臂交叉), looking angry. Then walking in front of him were two cute twin sisters, ③__________________ (手挽着手). Stunned, Bobby gave them a grateful hug in gratitude.
微场景36 | “社会温情”主题下的arm “动手臂”
Luckily, I felt a pat on my shoulder and a gentle voice came, “Are you lost ”“Yeeesss!” I cried. It was a lady working at Disney. She ④____________________________________ (把我抱在怀中) and carried me through the crowd as she kept asking me where my parents had been standing. As I began to feel safe ⑤____________________ (在她怀中), I calmed down and thought for a few minutes. I remembered we had been leaning against a wooden fence. She carried me around the wooden fence, asking random people, “Is this your child ”
UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
背多分2
1.①in ②of 2.②Compared to/with/By/In comparison with 3.①to receive ②for 4.①to contain 5.①wasting
6.②that ③of 7.②of 8.①into ②on view ③for/to 9.①track down ②lose track of 10.①through ②on/along
11.②to stay ③whether 12.①to find； making
背多分3
①waving wildly inwards ②with crossed arms ③arm in arm ④gathered me in her arms ⑤in her arms(共48张PPT)
选择性必修 第三册
UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
主题语境 人类生物学
单元词汇 多维速记
背多分1
1.an accurate description 精准的描述
2.some rare species 一些稀有物种
3.be bound to succeed 肯定会成功
4.one visible symptom 一个明显的症状
5.develop steadily 稳步发展
6.the actual number of students 实际学生人数
7.some essential clues 一些至关重要的线索
8.break the barrier 突破障碍
9.one atom of oxygen 一个氧原子
10.victims of the floods 洪灾的受害者
11.mineral ingredients 矿物成分
12.identical methods 完全相同的方法
13.in favour of you forever 永远支持你
14.take part in a marathon 参加马拉松赛跑
15.a crucial witness 一个关键的目击者
1.athletics n. 田径运动会
2.vaccine n. 疫苗
3.nerve n. 神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张
4.primate n. 灵长目动物
5.cattle n. 牛
6.mammal n. 哺乳动物
7.gene n. 基因
8.blessing n. 福气，幸运
9.organ n. 器官
10.zone n. 地区，地带
11.epidemic n. 传染病，流行病
12.bacteria n. 细菌
13.trial n. 试验；审判，审理
1.edit vi. & vt. 编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→editor n. 编辑；主编→edition n. 版本；版次
2.reproductive adj. 繁殖的，生殖的→productive adj. 生产的；多产的；富有成效的→product n. 产品；产物
3.accurate adj. 准确的，正确的→accurately adv. 精确地；准确地→accuracy n. 准确(性)；精确(性)
4.treatment n. 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式→treat v. & n. 对待;把……看作；治疗；款待
5.emotion n. 强烈的情感，激情→emotional adj. 感情的；情感的→emotionally adv. 感情上；情感上
6.nerve n. 神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张→nervous adj. 焦虑的；担忧的→nervously adv. 焦急地；神经质地
7.locate vi. & vt. 找出……的准确位置→location n. 地点；位置→located adj. 位于……的
8.variation n. 变化物，变体；差异，变动→vary v. 变化；不同→various adj. 各种各样的→variety n. 变化；多样化；不同种类
12.visible adj. 看得见的→visibly adv. 易察觉地；明显地→invisible adj. 看不见的；隐形的
13.systematic adj. 系统化的，有条理的→system n. 体系；系统→systematically adv. 系统化地
14.globe n. 地球，世界；地球仪→global adj. 全球的；全世界的→globally adv. 全球地；全球范围内
15.biology n. 生物学→biological adj. 生物的；生物学的→biologist n. 生物学家
16.capability n. (完成困难事情的)能力，才能→capable adj. 有能力的；足以胜任的→capably adv. 能干地
17.justify vt. 证明……有道理，为……辩护→justice n. 公平；公正→justified adj. 有正当理由的；合乎情理的
18.calculate vt. 计算，核算→calculation n. 计算；估计→calculator n. 计算器
19.athletics n. 田径运动会→athletic adj. 田径运动的；健壮的→athlete n. 运动员；健儿
20.innovate vi. & vt. 革新，创新，改革→innovation n. 改革；创新→innovative adj. 创新的；革新的
21.participant n. 参加者，参与者→participate v. 参加；参与→participation n. 参与；参加
22.corresponding adj. 相应的；对应的→correspond v. 相当于；相一致；符合→correspondence n. 通信；一致；符合
23.differ vi. 不同，不一样；有异议→different adj. 不同的；有差异的→difference n. 不同(之处)；差异→differently adv. 不同地
24.identify vt. 确定，发现；认出，识别→identification n. 确定；辨认；坚定
25.symbolically adv. 象征地，象征性地→symbolic adj. 象征性的→symbol n. 象征；符号
26.actual adj. 实际的，真实的→actually adv. 实际上，事实上
parison n. 比较→compare v. 作比较
28.contain vt. 包含，容纳→container n. 容器
29.suspect n. (犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子 v. 怀疑(某人有罪)；感觉有问题→suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑→suspicious adj. 可疑的
动词短语
1.divide ... into ... 把……分成……
2.fight against 对抗；反对……而战
3.leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑；忽视
4.break out 爆发；突然发生
5.carry out 开展；实施
6.track down 跟踪找到；追查到
7.result from 由……引起
8.cut down (on sth) 削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)
9.make up 构成，组成；编造；化妆
10.be responsible for 对……负责
11.lead to 导致；通向
12.be bound to 一定会
13.view ... as ... 把……看作……
14.be capable of 能够；有能力
15.devote ... to ... 把……致力于……；奉献于……
16.suffer from 遭受；患病
17.result in 导致；结果是
e up with 提出；想出
19.get over 从(不快或疾病中)恢复过来
20.get through 度过，熬过(困难或不快的时期)
介词短语和其他
21.to and from 来回地
22.in comparison with 与……相比
23.at one’s best 处于最佳状态
24.on record 记录在案的；公开发表的
25.as a result of 由于；因为
26.as/so long as 只要
27.a great deal of 大量的
单元重点 语境背记
背多分2
1.participant n. 参加者，参与者→participate vi. (participated, participated, participating) 参加；参与
背重点
participate in (doing) sth 参加(做)某事
participate with sb in sth 与某人分担某物；同某人一起参与某事
背写作佳句
①Hopefully, you can participate ________ the game, as your participation can surely help us win the championship. 希望你能参加比赛，因为你的参与一定能帮助我们获得冠军。(邀请信)
in
②Our society needs the full participation ________ its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. 我们的社会想要继续繁荣，年轻公民的参与是必不可少的。(主旨升华)
③Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused to participate. 穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加。(通知)
of
2.comparison n. 比较
背重点
1)by comparison 相比之下，相较而言
by/in comparison with 与……相比较
2)compare ... with ... 把……和……相比较
compare ... to ... 把……比作……；把……和……相比较
compared to/with ... 和……相比(通常作状语)
背写作佳句
①Personally, I prefer the course comparing Chinese culture with British culture. 就我个人而言，我更喜欢比较中国文化和英国文化的课程。
②__________________________________________ buses and planes, people prefer CRH because of its high speed, comfort and safety. 与公共汽车和飞机相比，人们更喜欢中国高铁,因为它高速、舒适和安全。
(交通主题)
③My childhood is quite happy compared with hers. 与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。
Compared to/with/By/In comparison with
3.bound adj. 很有可能，肯定会
背重点
be bound to do sth 一定会做某事，很可能会做某事；有义务做某事
be bound for ... 准备前往某地
by/in leaps and bounds非常迅速；飞跃地；突飞猛进
bound up with sth和某事物密切相关
be bound up in sth忙于某事；热衷于某事
背写作佳句
①I hold the firm belief that everyone is bound __________ (receive) unexpected joy. 我坚信，每个人都一定会得到意想不到的快乐。(宣传稿)
②We are bound ________ Beijing to attend his anniversary of marriage next week. 下周我们准备前往北京去参加他的结婚周年纪念日。
③He’s too bound up in his work to have much time for his children.
他工作太忙，没有很多时间陪孩子。
to receive
for
4.contain vt. (contained, contained, containing) 包含；含有；容纳；装盛
背重点
1)contain ... (全部)包含/容纳……
contain oneself 克制自己
contain one’s+excitement/anger 抑制自己的激动/愤怒
2)include+n./pron./doing 包括……
including+被包括的一部分=被包括的一部分+included 包括……
背写作佳句
①Our school stadium is large enough ___________ (contain) 3，000 people, where a wide variety of sports events can be held. 我校体育场大得足以容纳3 000人，在体育场能举办各种体育赛事。(告知信)
②I could hardly contain my pride in David.
我无法抑制以大卫为傲的心情。(2022·新高考卷读后续写)
③Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves, containing separate portions. 在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售袋装鸡肉或沙拉，它们被设计成包含独立部分的两半。(2024·浙江1月卷)
to contain
5.opposed adj. 与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物→oppose vt. (opposed, opposed, opposing) 反对；抵制；阻挠
背重点
1)oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
oppose sb/sb’s doing sth 反对某人做某事
2)be opposed to (one’s) doing sth 反对(某人)做某事
object to (one’s) doing sth 反对(某人)做某事
背写作佳句
①With the nation opposing ________ (waste) food, an activity has been launched to call on us students to save food.由于全国反对浪费食物，一项活动已经发起，呼吁我们学生节约食物。(活动介绍)
②Because all of my friends were opposed to my plan, I couldn’t resist sobbing sadly.因为我所有的朋友都反对我的计划，我忍不住痛哭起
来。(情感描写)
③Beyond the pool a gentle slope of earth ran up and up to meet the opposing wall. 池塘的另一边，一个缓坡向上延伸，与对面的墙相
接。(环境描写)
wasting
6.estimate vt. (estimated, estimated, estimating) 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算
背重点
1)estimate sth at sth 估算；估计
be estimated to be/have 估计是/有
estimate that 估计……
It is estimated that ... 据估计……
2)make an estimate of 给……估价/估计
背写作佳句
①Windy though it was that day, we arrived at the castle which was estimated to be 700 years old.尽管那天风很大，我们还是到达了这座估计有700年历史的城堡。(短文)
②It is estimated ________ 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.据估计，英语中80%的谈话都是闲谈。(短文)
③It is difficult to make an accurate estimate ________ the total available water power in the world. 要对世界上全部可用的水力作出精确的估计是困难的。
that
of
7.suspect vt.& vi. (suspected, suspected, suspecting) 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. (犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子
背重点
suspect sth 怀疑某事
suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人有(做)某事的嫌疑
be suspected of (doing) sth 有(做)某事的嫌疑
suspect that ... 怀疑……；觉得……
背写作佳句
①I once suspected that he had stolen the money, but later it turned out that I was proved wrong.我曾怀疑他偷了钱，但后来证明我错了。
②Anyone suspected ________ drunk driving should be stopped and take an alcohol test.任何涉嫌酒后驾驶的人都应停车进行酒精测试。
③If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light. 如果你怀疑有汽油泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至连电灯都不要开。
of
8.短语1 be viewed as 被看作……
背重点
1)view vt. (viewed, viewed, viewing)观看；看待 n.景色；观点；视野
2)view ... as ... 把……看作……
3)in one’s view 在某人看来
in view of 鉴于，考虑到
on view 在展出
take the long view 从长远来看
come into view 进入视野
背写作佳句
①When a new beginning unfolds in the story of your life, wonderful things can come ________ view. 当你的人生之旅出现新的起点时，你就会看到前所未有的美景。
②A significant exhibition of contemporary sculpture will be ____________ at the Portland Gallery. 一场关于当代雕塑的重要展览即将在波特兰美术馆开展。(通知)
③As ________ my point of view, to start with, you’d better do more reading. 至于我的观点，首先，你最好多阅读。(建议信)
into
on view
for/to
9.短语2 track down 跟踪找到；追查到；搜寻到
背重点
keep track of 记录；与……保持联系；了解……的动态
lose track of 与……失去联系
be on track 步入正轨
get/be off the track 离题；偏离目标
be on the right/wrong track 思路正确/错误
a running track 跑道
railway tracks 铁路轨道
背写作佳句
①He is determined to ____________ the leak of the information. 他下决心要查出消息是如何泄露出去的。
②His mind would wander, and he would _______________ what he was doing. 他会走神，忘了自己正在干什么。
③Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. 杰西卡·平克是一名大学生，她建议和朋友一起上网课，这样你们可以互相督促，保持正确的方向。(2024·浙江1月卷)
track down
lose track of
10.短语3 get through 用完，耗尽；接通；(设法)处理；完成；度过,熬过
背重点
get on/along (well) with ... ……进展状况/相处关系状况/身体状况(良好)
get down 下来，记下，写下
get over 越过，克服
get down to (doing) sth 开始认真处理/对待某事
背写作佳句
①A smile can help us get __________ difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. 微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人中找到朋友。(主旨升华)
②If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get ____________ well with others. 如果你在一个大家庭中长大，你更有可能培养与他人相处融洽的能力。
③He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he’ll get over it. 他没得到这份工作非常失望，不过他会想开的。
through
on/along
11.句式1 whether ... or ... 不管……还是……
How it is used, whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind, depends on mankind and not on the instrument. 怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，完全取决于人类自己,而不是取决于工具。
背重点
1)whether ... or ... “无论是……还是……，不管是……还是……”, 引导让步状语从句
2)whether ... or ... 也可引导名词性从句作主语或宾语
3)只用whether不用if的情况：①与or not直接连用；②后接不定式；
③作介词的宾语；④作discuss的宾语；⑤位于句首；⑥位于系动词
后，引导表语从句
背写作佳句
①So long as you try your best, it doesn’t matter whether you win or not.只要你尽最大努力了，赢不赢没有关系。(主旨升华)
②For a moment, she just stood there, feeling at a loss whether ________ (stay) here or leave at once.她就在那里站了一会儿，不知是该留下还是该马上离开。(情感描写)
to stay
③He felt upset and anxious, beginning to doubt ________ the voluntary job was one worthwhile to do. 他感到沮丧和焦虑，开始怀疑他的志愿者工作是否值得做。 (情感+心理描写)
whether
12.句式2 现在分词短语作结果状语
Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。
背重点
此句中的making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料、情理之中的结果；另外，动词不定式也可作结果状语，一般放在句子后面，且常表示出乎意料的结果，常与only, just等词连用
背写作佳句
①Jane stamped her feet into the forest angrily, only ________ (find) that she couldn’t identify direction. Worse still, it rained heavily suddenly, ________ (make) it more difficult to find her way out of the unfamiliar forest. 简气呼呼地走进森林，却发现自己认不清方向。更糟糕的是,天突然下起了大雨，使她更难找到离开这片陌生森林的路。(场景描写)
to find
making
②It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. 人们认为如今的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是推荐量的三
倍，这使他们患病的风险更高。
续写素材 场景练背
背多分3
——动作描写之arm “动手臂”
动“自 己的” ①wave one’s arms挥动某人的双臂; ②fold one’s arms某人双臂交叉; ③hold out/open one’s arms某人伸出/张开双臂; ④pull sb into one’s arms拉某人进怀; ⑤gather sb in one’s arms把某人抱在怀中；⑥put/throw one’s arms around sb搂住某人
其他 ①take one’s arm挽住某人的胳膊; ②catch/grab one’s arm抓住某人的胳膊; ③keep sb at arm’s length与某人保持距离; ④in each other’s arms互相搂抱着; ⑤with crossed arms双臂交叉; ⑥with open arms张开双臂(欢迎); ⑦arm in arm臂挽着臂; ⑧in one’s arms在某人怀中
用表“动手臂”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景35 | “友情”主题下的arm “动手臂”
He parked down the street not far from Bobby’s house, and rushed to his front door, ①______________________ (疯狂地向里挥手). But Bobby stood there ②___________________ (双臂交叉), looking angry. Then walking in front of him were two cute twin sisters, ③________________
(手挽着手). Stunned, Bobby gave them a grateful hug in gratitude.
waving wildly inwards
with crossed arms
arm in arm
微场景36 | “社会温情”主题下的arm “动手臂”
Luckily, I felt a pat on my shoulder and a gentle voice came, “Are you lost ”“Yeeesss!” I cried. It was a lady working at Disney. She
④________________________ (把我抱在怀中) and carried me through the crowd as she kept asking me where my parents had been standing. As I began to feel safe ⑤____________________ (在她怀中), I calmed down and thought for a few minutes. I remembered we had been leaning against a wooden fence. She carried me around the wooden fence, asking random people, “Is this your child ”
gathered me in her arms
in her arms
