UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE
主题语境 社会交往
背多分1 单元词汇 多维速记
写作词汇 1.feel somewhat embarrassed感觉有些尴尬 2.a remote farm一个偏僻的农场 3.a dozen eggs一打鸡蛋 4.display the results展示结果 5.a sacred moment一个神圣的时刻 6.spread the carpet展开地毯 7.pray for health祈求健康 8.cross the border穿越边界 9.a chorus of complaints齐声抱怨 10.the opening ceremony开幕式 11.a loose screw一个松动的螺丝 12.the rate of obesity肥胖率
阅读词汇 1.drummer n. 鼓手 2.edge n. 边缘,外围 3.tailor n. (男装)裁缝 4.bomb n. 炸弹 5.trench n. 战壕,堑壕 6.frontier n. 国界,边境 7.pile n. 一大堆 8.ward n. 病房 9.cigarette n. 香烟
派生词形 1.negotiate v.谈判,协商→negotiation n.谈判,转让,商议→negotiator n.谈判者,磋商者 2.detect v.发现,察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detective adj.侦探的,侦察的 n.侦探→detection n.侦查,发觉,发现,探测 3.resolve v.解决(问题、困难)→resolvable adj.可分解的,可解决的→resolution n.决定,解决 4.annoying adj.讨厌的,令人气恼的→annoy v.使恼怒,使生气→annoyed adj.恼怒的,烦闷的→annoyance n.烦恼,可厌之事,打扰 5.inconvenience n.不便,麻烦→convenience n.便利,方便→convenient adj.便利的,方便的 6.maturity n.成熟→mature adj.成熟的,充分考虑的→matured adj.成熟的,到期的 7.assign v.分配,分派,指派(任务)→assigned adj.指定的,已分配的→assignment n.分配,任务,作业 8.pack v. (把……)打包 n.包,包裹→package n.包,包裹,包装 9.complaint n.投诉→complain v.投诉,抱怨,发牢骚 10.warning n.警告,警示,告诫→warn v.警告,提醒,发出警告 11.prejudiced adj.有偏见的,有成见的,歧视的→prejudice n.偏见,侵害 v.歧视,使有偏见 12.bitter adj.愤愤不平的,带来痛苦的,令人难过的,苦的→bitterly adv.苦涩地,悲痛地,怨恨地,极其→bitterness n.苦味,苦难,怨恨 13.remote adj.偏僻的,偏远的 细微的→remotely adv.遥远地,偏僻地→remoteness n.遥远,偏僻 14.pleasant adj.礼貌而友善的,和蔼可亲的→please v.使高兴,使满意→pleased adj.高兴的,喜欢的,满意的→pleasure n.快乐,令人高兴的事 15.violence n.暴力,暴力行为→violent adj.暴力的,猛烈的→violently adv.凶猛地,暴力地,激烈地,厉害地 16.literally adv.确实地→literal adj.文字的,逐字的,缺乏想象力的 17.tolerate v.忍受,忍耐,容忍,容许,宽容→tolerance n.宽容,容忍→tolerant adj.宽容的,容忍的 18.unsuspecting adj.无提防之心的,无疑心的→suspect v.怀疑,猜想→suspectable adj.值得怀疑的,可疑的,有嫌疑的 19.withdraw v. (使)退出(活动、组织等)→withdrawal n.撤退,收回,取消 20.civilian n.平民,老百姓→civil adj.国民的,平民的 21.identification n.身份证明(文件)→identity n.身份,一致→identified adj.被识别的,经鉴定的 22.representative n.代表,代理人→represent v.代表,表现,描绘 23.distribute v.分发,分配,分送→distribution n.分布,分配→distributor n.经销商;分配者 24.temporary adj.暂时的,临时的,短期的→temporarily adv.临时地,暂时地 25.appreciation n.感激→appreciate v.感激,欣赏,鉴别→appreciative adj.感激的,有欣赏力的,赏识的 26.harm v.伤害 n.损害,危害→harmful adj.有害的,危害的→harmfully adv.有害地,伤害地→harmless adj.无害的,无恶意的 27.beneficial adj.有利的,有帮助的,有用的→benefit n.利益,好处 v.有益于,对……有益 28.permanent adj.永久的,长久的→permanently adv.永久地,永恒地→temporary adj.暂时的,临时的 29.greed n.贪欲,贪婪→greedy adj.贪婪的→greedily adv.贪婪地,贪食地
重点短语 动词短语 1.be beneficial to 对……有益 2.trip over 被……绊倒 3.be responsible for 对……负责 4.come across 偶遇,无意中发现 5.become angry with 对……发脾气,生……的气 6.hold out 坚持,伸出,维持 7.negotiate with 与……商谈,与……谈判 8.be exposed to 暴露于,接触到 9.take action 采取行动 10.go back to normal 恢复正常 11.take a vote 投票表决 12.be in trouble 处于困境中 13.keep silent 保持沉默 14.be annoyed with 对……生气,对……厌烦 15.struggle with 与……斗争 16.concentrate on 集中精力于…… 17.pick up 拿起,拾起 18.have a try 尝试 19.happen to 碰巧 20.be adapted from 改编自…… 21.be covered by 被……覆盖 22.climb out of 从……爬出来 23.chat with 与……闲谈 24.be fed up with 对……感到厌烦 介词短语和其他 25.by force 用武力,强迫地 26.in a flash 立刻,瞬间 27.on the edge of 在……边缘 28.by and by 不久以后,逐渐 29.together with 与……一起 30.in surprise 吃惊地 31.a pile of 一堆,很多 32.more or less 或多或少;几乎 33.a range of 一系列
背多分2 单元重点 语境背记
annoyed adj. 烦恼的,生气的→annoy vt. (annoyed, annoyed, annoying) 使恼怒;打扰
背重点 背写作佳句
1)annoy sb惹恼/打扰某人 It annoys sb that/when/how ...……令某人生气。 2)be annoyed by/about sth因某事生气 be annoyed with/at sb生某人的气 3)to one’s annoyance使某人生气的是 ①I’m anxious to complain about the noise that is constantly annoying me.我急于投诉一直打扰我的噪音。(投诉信) ②Sally was annoyed ________ the children for making such annoying noise, pounding the table with her fist in annoyance.对孩子们弄出这么烦人的噪音莎莉很生气,她恼怒地用拳头捶桌子。(情感描写) ③Much to my ________ (annoy), I disagreed with my partner in many aspects and I had no idea how I could improve the situation.令我非常烦恼的是,在很多方面我不同意我的搭档的观点而且我不知道该如何改善这种状况。
ashamed adj. 内疚的,惭愧的
背重点 背写作佳句
1)be ashamed of sb为某人感到羞愧 be ashamed to do ...耻于做……;因做……而羞愧 2)It’s a shame/pity that ...……是令人遗憾的事 ①So ashamed ________ (be) I that I feel as if a knife were being twisted in my heart, tears clouding my eyes.我是如此羞愧,以至我感觉心如刀绞,泪水模糊了我的双眼。(心理描写) ②It’s a shame/pity that you live at such a distance; otherwise we could see each other often.真遗憾你住那么远,否则我们就可以经常见面了。
assign vt. (assigned, assigned, assigning) 分配,分派;指派(任务);委派→assignment n. 任务;作业
背重点 背写作佳句
assign sb sth=assign sth to sb分配某人某事 assign sb to sth/as sth指派某人做某一项工作/任某一职务 assign sb to do sth分派/委派某人做某事 ①From my point of view, teachers shouldn’t assign too much homework to students.依我看,老师们不应该给孩子们布置太多的家庭作业。(学校生活) ②With confidence, I was firmly convinced that I could get a satisfying score in the next ________ (assign).有了信心,我坚信我可以在下一次作业中取得令人满意的成绩。 ③Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力,因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术,例如分配在线讲座而不是同一个作者的文章。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
warning n. 警告,警示;告诫→warn v. (warned, warned, warning) 警告;告诫;使警惕;提醒注意
背重点 背写作佳句
warn sb of/about sth警告/提醒某人注意某事 warn (sb) against doing sth警告/提醒(某人)不要做某事 warn sb (not) to do sth告诫某人(不要)做某事 ①Parents often warn children not to play with fire, lest danger occur.父母经常警告孩子不要玩火,以免发生危险。 ②Yes, it’s cold and wet. There is a warning ________ strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour.是的,又冷又湿。有风速高达每小时100公里的强风警告。 ③My father warned me ________ going to the west coast because it was crowded with tourists.我父亲警告我不要去西海岸,因为那里挤满了旅客。
tolerate vt. (tolerated, tolerated, tolerating) 忍受;忍耐;容许;容忍;宽容
背重点 背写作佳句
1)tolerate (sb) doing sth容忍/忍受(某人)做某事 2)be tolerant of/towards ...对……宽容 3)“容忍;忍受”的其他表达: bear/stand vt.忍受 put up with忍受;容忍 ①As we can not tolerate people ________ (throw) garbage around, a campaign is to be launched to appeal to people to protect the surroundings.由于无法容忍人们乱扔垃圾,我们将发起一场运动呼吁人们保护环境。(倡议书) ②Friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinions.朋友之间应该学会忍耐对方恼人的小毛病,并允许意见出现分歧。(主旨升华)
keen adj. 着迷的,有强烈兴趣的
背重点 背写作佳句
be keen on sb/sth喜欢某人/某物 be keen on doing sth喜欢/渴望/热衷于做某事 ①What surprised me is that you are keen ________ Chinese poetry.使我惊讶的是你喜爱中国诗歌。(传统文化) ②If you like astronomy, you may be keen on ________ (collect) stamps describing the stars, planets, spacecraft, spacemen, etc.如果你喜欢天文学,你可能会热衷于收集描述恒星、行星、宇宙飞船、航天员等的邮票。 ③She’s not keen on being told what to do.她不喜欢别人向她发号施令。
withdraw vi.& vt. (withdrew, withdrawn, withdrawing) (使)退出(活动、组织等)
背重点 背写作佳句
withdraw from从……撤出/退出 withdraw ... from ...从……提取/撤回……;使……退出…… ①The wolf might feel the threats from the people, starting to withdraw. In consequence, it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance.这匹狼可能感觉到了来自人们的威胁,开始撤退。因此,它沿着公路跑掉了,消失在远方。(动作描写) ②After withdrawing the money, he went straight to the local market.取了钱后,他直接去了当地的市场。 ③She had to withdraw ________ the competition because of her leg injury.她因腿伤不得不退出比赛。
panic vi.& vt. (panicked, panicked, panicking) (使)惊慌 n. 惊恐;惊慌;惶恐
背重点 背写作佳句
1)panic sb into doing sth使某人惊慌地做某事 panic at/about/over ...因……惊慌 2)in panic惊慌失措地 get into a panic惊慌失措 throw sb into a panic使某人惊慌 ①She got into ________ panic when she thought she’d forgotten the tickets.当她想到忘记带票时,她惊慌失措。(心理描写) ②Everyone started laughing. I looked at them ____________.大家笑了起来。我惊慌失措地看着他们。(情感描写) ③His little face grew pale, and we could see the panic in his eyes as the silence grew.他的小脸变得苍白,随着沉默的加剧,我们可以看到他眼中的恐慌。(情感描写)
distribute vt. (distributed, distributed, distributing) 分发,分配,分送→distribution n. 分布;分配;分发
背重点 背写作佳句
1)distribute ... to /among ...把……分给…… be widely/evenly distributed广泛/平均分布 2)the distribution of ...……的分布/分配 ①It has been confirmed that our donated books will be distributed to each student as soon as possible.已确认我们捐赠的这些书将会尽快分发到每个学生手中。(短文) ②We could reduce our costs by developing a more efficient ________ (distribute) network.我们可以通过发展一个更有效的经销网络来降低成本。 ③With the college entrance examination approaching, we must try to distribute our limited time in the best way.随着高考的临近,我们必须设法以最佳方式分配有限的时间。(建议信)
ban vt. (banned, banned, banning) 禁止;取缔 n. 禁令,禁止
背重点 背写作佳句
1)a ban on (doing) sth对(做)某事的禁令 2)ban sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事 3)近义短语 prohibit/forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事 forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事 ①While the government has issued a ban ________ plastic bags, people are still using large quantities of them.虽然政府颁布了一条针对塑料袋的禁令,但人们仍在大量使用塑料袋。(告知信) ②It came as a shock to us that he was banned ________ driving for six months.他被禁止驾驶六个月,这使我们很震惊。(情感描写) ③Too many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees ________ developing a healthy work-life balance.太多的职场政策有力地阻止了员工形成健康的工作和生活间的平衡。
request n.& vt. (requested, requested, requesting) 要求;请求
背重点 背写作佳句
1)make a(n) ... request for sth/that ... (should) do sth请求/要求……做某事 at sb’s request/at the request of sb按/应某人的要求 2)request sb to do sth请求某人做某事 request that sb (should) do sth要求/请求某人做某事 It is requested that sb (should) do sth要求某人做某事 ①Our school requests us to attend/All are requested to attend the lecture on time.学校要求大家准时听讲座。(通知) ②The pianist listened to our request that he ________ (play) in the charity sale. Joy and laughter filled the room, and everyone’s heart leapt for joy.钢琴家听取了我们的请求,答应在义卖上演出。屋子里欢声笑语,大家欢喜雀跃。(场景描写) ③It is requested that anyone who wants to attend the course should register personal information online.要求任何想参加该课程的人在网上注册个人信息。(通知)
短语1happen to do 碰巧做
背重点 背写作佳句
1)sth happens/happened to sb某事发生在某人身上 2)sb happens/happened to+ 3)It happens/happened that ...碰巧…… ①Do not wait for good things to happen to you. You need to walk towards happiness.不要等待好事降临,你要向幸福进发。 ②Back then, it was a little town that happened ________ (have) ancient walls and lots of old buildings.那时候,它只是一个小镇,碰巧有古老的城墙和众多的古老的建筑。(地点描写) ③I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
短语2put forward 提议,提出;推荐;将……提前;向前拨,拨快(时钟指针)
背重点 背写作佳句
put away把……收拾起来;储存 put off推迟;延期 put up提出;建造;举起;提高;推举;供给……住宿 put up with忍受,忍耐 ①Our government has put ________ the“Belt and Road Initiative”, which encourages cooperation between China and other countries.我们政府提出了“一带一路”倡议,鼓励中国与其他国家之间的合作。 ②A week before Earth Day, posters were put ________ around our school, calling on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.在地球日前一周,我们学校周围张贴了海报,号召我们加入绿色地球的行动中来。
句式if 引导的虚拟条件句
The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer, he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him. 房东说如果他知道马明是个鼓手,就不会把房子租给他。
背重点 背写作佳句
本句为if引导的虚拟条件句,叙述与过去事实相反的假设。 虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下: 虚拟条件句主句与现在事实 相反的假设动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/should/ might+动词原形与过去事实 相反的假设had+过去分词would/could/should/ might+have+过去分词与将来事实 相反的假设(1)动词的过去式 (2)were to+动词原形 (3)should+动词原形would/could/should/ might+动词原形
①If I were a dustman, I would make our city cleaner with almost no rubbish lying on the street.如果我是一名环卫工人,我会让我们的城市更干净,街上几乎没有任何垃圾。(演讲稿) ②If you hadn’t helped me in time, I could have got into great trouble.如果你没有及时帮我,我可能已经陷入了巨大的麻烦。(感谢信) ③If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we would put off the sport meet until next weekend. 如果明天下雨的话,我们将把这次运动会推迟到下周末。(告知信)
背多分3 续写素材 场景练背
——动作描写之“看”
瞥见/ 瞟见 ①glance at/around/back/up/down瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看; ②take/cast a glance at ...向……瞥一眼; ③catch a glimpse of瞥见; ④see sth out of the corner of one’s eye用眼角余光一瞟; ⑤cast a sideways look at斜瞟了一眼
偷看 ①peek偷看;窥视; ②peep at/through偷看; ③take a peep at偷看一眼; ④steal a glance at偷偷瞥一眼
其他 ①meet sb’s eye(s)/gaze=sb’s gaze/eyes meet目光相遇;对视; ②keep/take one’s eyes off ...把目光从……上移开; ③tear one’s eyes away from恋恋不舍地把目光从……移开; ④look sb in the eye(s)/look into one’s eyes直视某人的眼睛; ⑤drop one’s gaze垂下眼帘
用表“看”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景39 | “聚会”主题下的“看”
Jenny, a girl growing up in an orphanage, was staying in the corner in the classroom, ①____________________________ (她的眼睛盯着,独立主格) the bare wall, lost in thought as if in the depths of despair. Fortunately, she finally attracted the eyes of the monitor, who happened to glance around and ②________________________ (瞥见了) Jenny. She ③__________________________________ (直视着珍妮的眼睛) and soon realized the reason and gathered her classmates secretly after class, trying to find a perfect way to please Jenny. Finally, they determined to hold a party especially for her.
微场景40 | “优秀品行”主题下的“看”
The teacher was scanning the classroom when he noticed Mary. Her eyes were glued to the phone. Mary looked up, ④________________________ (迎上老师的目光), paused for a moment, and ⑤____________________ (垂下眼帘). She swallowed hard, wondering how to explain it. ⑥________________________________________________ (老师把目光从她的手机上移开), waiting patiently for her explanation. Finally, she looked up, ⑦____________________________________________ (直视老师的眼睛) and told him the truth.
UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE
背多分2
1.②at/with ③annoyance 2.①am
3.②assignment 4.②for ③against
5.①throwing 6.①on ②collecting
7.③from 8.①a ②in panic
9.②distribution 10.①on ②from
③from 11.②(should) play 12.②to have 13.①forward ②up 14.③rained/should rain/were to rain
背多分3
①her eyes fixed on/glued to ②caught a glimpse of ③looked Jenny straight in the eye ④met the teacher’s eyes ⑤dropped her gaze ⑥The teacher kept his eyes off her cellphone ⑦looked the teacher in the eye/looked into the teacher’s eyes(共52张PPT)
选择性必修 第四册
UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE
主题语境 社会交往
单元词汇 多维速记
背多分1
1.feel somewhat embarrassed 感觉有些尴尬
2.a remote farm 一个偏僻的农场
3.a dozen eggs 一打鸡蛋
4.display the results 展示结果
5.a sacred moment 一个神圣的时刻
6.spread the carpet 展开地毯
7.pray for health 祈求健康
8.cross the border 穿越边界
9.a chorus of complaints 齐声抱怨
10.the opening ceremony 开幕式
11.a loose screw 一个松动的螺丝
12.the rate of obesity 肥胖率
1.drummer n. 鼓手
2.edge n. 边缘，外围
3.tailor n. (男装)裁缝
4.bomb n. 炸弹
5.trench n. 战壕，堑壕
6.frontier n. 国界，边境
7.pile n. 一大堆
8.ward n. 病房
9.cigarette n. 香烟
1.negotiate v. 谈判，协商→negotiation n. 谈判，转让，商议→negotiator n. 谈判者，磋商者
2.detect v. 发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detective adj. 侦探的，侦察的 n. 侦探→detection n. 侦查，发觉，发现，探测
3.resolve v. 解决(问题、困难)→resolvable adj. 可分解的，可解决的→resolution n. 决定，解决
4.annoying adj. 讨厌的，令人气恼的→annoy v. 使恼怒，使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的，烦闷的→annoyance n. 烦恼，可厌之事,打扰
5.inconvenience n. 不便，麻烦→convenience n. 便利，方便→convenient adj. 便利的，方便的
6.maturity n. 成熟→mature adj. 成熟的，充分考虑的→matured adj. 成熟的，到期的
7.assign v. 分配，分派，指派(任务)→assigned adj. 指定的，已分配的→assignment n. 分配，任务，作业
8.pack v. (把……)打包 n. 包，包裹→package n. 包，包裹，包装
9.complaint n. 投诉→complain v. 投诉，抱怨，发牢骚
16.literally adv. 确实地→literal adj. 文字的，逐字的，缺乏想象力的
17.tolerate v. 忍受，忍耐，容忍，容许，宽容→tolerance n. 宽容,容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的
18.unsuspecting adj. 无提防之心的，无疑心的→suspect v. 怀疑，猜想→suspectable adj. 值得怀疑的，可疑的，有嫌疑的
19.withdraw v. (使)退出(活动、组织等)→withdrawal n. 撤退，收回，取消
20.civilian n. 平民，老百姓→civil adj. 国民的，平民的
21.identification n. 身份证明(文件)→identity n. 身份，一致→identified adj. 被识别的，经鉴定的
22.representative n. 代表，代理人→represent v. 代表，表现，描绘
23.distribute v. 分发，分配，分送→distribution n. 分布，分配→distributor n. 经销商；分配者
24.temporary adj. 暂时的，临时的，短期的→temporarily adv. 临时地，暂时地
25.appreciation n. 感激→appreciate v. 感激，欣赏，鉴别→appreciative adj. 感激的，有欣赏力的，赏识的
26.harm v. 伤害 n. 损害，危害→harmful adj. 有害的，危害的→harmfully adv. 有害地，伤害地→harmless adj. 无害的，无恶意的
27.beneficial adj. 有利的，有帮助的，有用的→benefit n. 利益，好处 v. 有益于，对……有益
28.permanent adj. 永久的，长久的→permanently adv. 永久地，永恒地→temporary adj. 暂时的，临时的
29.greed n. 贪欲，贪婪→greedy adj. 贪婪的→greedily adv. 贪婪地，贪食地
动词短语
1.be beneficial to 对……有益
2.trip over 被……绊倒
3.be responsible for 对……负责
4.come across 偶遇，无意中发现
5.become angry with 对……发脾气，生……的气
6.hold out 坚持，伸出，维持
7.negotiate with 与……商谈，与……谈判
8.be exposed to 暴露于，接触到
9.take action 采取行动
10.go back to normal 恢复正常
11.take a vote 投票表决
12.be in trouble 处于困境中
13.keep silent 保持沉默
14.be annoyed with 对……生气，对……厌烦
15.struggle with 与……斗争
16.concentrate on 集中精力于……
17.pick up 拿起，拾起
18.have a try 尝试
19.happen to 碰巧
20.be adapted from 改编自……
21.be covered by 被……覆盖
22.climb out of 从……爬出来
23.chat with 与……闲谈
24.be fed up with 对……感到厌烦
介词短语和其他
25.by force 用武力，强迫地
26.in a flash 立刻，瞬间
27.on the edge of 在……边缘
28.by and by 不久以后，逐渐
29.together with 与……一起
30.in surprise 吃惊地
31.a pile of 一堆，很多
32.more or less 或多或少；几乎
33.a range of 一系列
单元重点 语境背记
背多分2
1.annoyed adj. 烦恼的，生气的→annoy vt. (annoyed, annoyed, annoying) 使恼怒；打扰
背重点
1)annoy sb 惹恼/打扰某人
It annoys sb that/when/how ... ……令某人生气。
2)be annoyed by/about sth 因某事生气
be annoyed with/at sb 生某人的气
3)to one’s annoyance 使某人生气的是
背写作佳句
①I’m anxious to complain about the noise that is constantly annoying me.我急于投诉一直打扰我的噪音。(投诉信)
②Sally was annoyed ________ the children for making such annoying noise, pounding the table with her fist in annoyance.对孩子们弄出这么烦人的噪音莎莉很生气，她恼怒地用拳头捶桌子。(情感描写)
③Much to my ___________ (annoy), I disagreed with my partner in many aspects and I had no idea how I could improve the situation. 令我非常烦恼的是，在很多方面我不同意我的搭档的观点而且我不知道该如何改善这种状况。
at/with
annoyance
2.ashamed adj. 内疚的，惭愧的
背重点
1)be ashamed of sb 为某人感到羞愧
be ashamed to do ... 耻于做……；因做……而羞愧
2)It’s a shame/pity that ... ……是令人遗憾的事
背写作佳句
①So ashamed ________ (be) I that I feel as if a knife were being twisted in my heart, tears clouding my eyes. 我是如此羞愧，以至我感觉心如刀绞，泪水模糊了我的双眼。(心理描写)
②It’s a shame/pity that you live at such a distance; otherwise we could see each other often. 真遗憾你住那么远，否则我们就可以经常见面了。
am
3.assign vt. (assigned, assigned, assigning) 分配，分派；指派(任务)；委派→assignment n. 任务；作业
背重点
assign sb sth=assign sth to sb 分配某人某事
assign sb to sth/as sth 指派某人做某一项工作/任某一职务
assign sb to do sth 分派/委派某人做某事
背写作佳句
①From my point of view, teachers shouldn’t assign too much homework to students. 依我看，老师们不应该给孩子们布置太多的家庭作业。
(学校生活)
②With confidence, I was firmly convinced that I could get a satisfying score in the next _____________ (assign). 有了信心，我坚信我可以在下一次作业中取得令人满意的成绩。
③Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. 音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一个作者的文章。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
assignment
4.warning n. 警告，警示；告诫→warn v. (warned, warned, warning) 警告；告诫；使警惕；提醒注意
背重点
warn sb of/about sth 警告/提醒某人注意某事
warn (sb) against doing sth 警告/提醒(某人)不要做某事
warn sb (not) to do sth 告诫某人(不要)做某事
背写作佳句
①Parents often warn children not to play with fire, lest danger occur. 父母经常警告孩子不要玩火，以免发生危险。
②Yes, it’s cold and wet. There is a warning ________ strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour.是的，又冷又湿。有风速高达每小时100公里的强风警告。
③My father warned me ________ going to the west coast because it was crowded with tourists. 我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了旅客。
for
against
5.tolerate vt. (tolerated, tolerated, tolerating) 忍受；忍耐；容许；容忍；宽容
背重点
1)tolerate (sb) doing sth 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
2)be tolerant of/towards ... 对……宽容
3)“容忍；忍受”的其他表达：
bear/stand vt. 忍受
put up with 忍受；容忍
背写作佳句
①As we can not tolerate people ___________ (throw) garbage around, a campaign is to be launched to appeal to people to protect the surroundings.由于无法容忍人们乱扔垃圾，我们将发起一场运动呼吁人们保护环境。(倡议书)
②Friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinions.朋友之间应该学会忍耐对方恼人的小毛病，并允许意见出现分歧。(主旨升华)
throwing
6.keen adj. 着迷的，有强烈兴趣的
背重点
be keen on sb/sth 喜欢某人/某物
be keen on doing sth 喜欢/渴望/热衷于做某事
背写作佳句
①What surprised me is that you are keen ________ Chinese poetry. 使我惊讶的是你喜爱中国诗歌。(传统文化)
on
②If you like astronomy, you may be keen on ___________ (collect) stamps describing the stars, planets, spacecraft, spacemen, etc. 如果你喜欢天文学，你可能会热衷于收集描述恒星、行星、宇宙飞船、航天员等的邮票。
③She’s not keen on being told what to do. 她不喜欢别人向她发号施令。
collecting
7.withdraw vi.& vt. (withdrew, withdrawn, withdrawing) (使)退出(活动、组织等)
背重点
withdraw from 从……撤出/退出
withdraw ... from ... 从……提取/撤回……；使……退出……
背写作佳句
①The wolf might feel the threats from the people, starting to withdraw. In consequence, it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance. 这匹狼可能感觉到了来自人们的威胁，开始撤退。因此，它沿着公路跑掉了，消失在远方。(动作描写)
②After withdrawing the money, he went straight to the local market. 取了钱后，他直接去了当地的市场。
③She had to withdraw ________ the competition because of her leg injury. 她因腿伤不得不退出比赛。
from
8.panic vi.& vt. (panicked, panicked, panicking) (使)惊慌 n. 惊恐；惊慌；惶恐
背重点
1)panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某事
panic at/about/over ... 因……惊慌
2)in panic 惊慌失措地
get into a panic 惊慌失措
throw sb into a panic 使某人惊慌
背写作佳句
①She got into ________ panic when she thought she’d forgotten the tickets. 当她想到忘记带票时，她惊慌失措。(心理描写)
②Everyone started laughing. I looked at them ____________. 大家笑了起来。我惊慌失措地看着他们。(情感描写)
③His little face grew pale, and we could see the panic in his eyes as the silence grew. 他的小脸变得苍白，随着沉默的加剧，我们可以看到他眼中的恐慌。(情感描写)
a
in panic
9.distribute vt. (distributed, distributed, distributing) 分发，分配，分送→distribution n. 分布；分配；分发
背重点
1)distribute ... to /among ... 把……分给……
be widely/evenly distributed 广泛/平均分布
2)the distribution of ... ……的分布/分配
背写作佳句
①It has been confirmed that our donated books will be distributed to each student as soon as possible.已确认我们捐赠的这些书将会尽快分发到每个学生手中。(短文)
②We could reduce our costs by developing a more efficient ___________ (distribute) network.我们可以通过发展一个更有效的经销网络来降低成本。
③With the college entrance examination approaching, we must try to distribute our limited time in the best way. 随着高考的临近，我们必须设法以最佳方式分配有限的时间。(建议信)
distribution
10.ban vt. (banned, banned, banning) 禁止；取缔 n. 禁令，禁止
背重点
1)a ban on (doing) sth 对(做)某事的禁令
2)ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
3)近义短语
prohibit/forbid sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事
背写作佳句
①While the government has issued a ban ________ plastic bags, people are still using large quantities of them. 虽然政府颁布了一条针对塑料袋的禁令，但人们仍在大量使用塑料袋。(告知信)
②It came as a shock to us that he was banned ________ driving for six months. 他被禁止驾驶六个月，这使我们很震惊。 (情感描写)
③Too many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees ________ developing a healthy work-life balance. 太多的职场政策有力地阻止了员工形成健康的工作和生活间的平衡。
on
from
from
11.request n.& vt. (requested, requested, requesting) 要求；请求
背重点
1)make a(n) ... request for sth/that ... (should) do sth
请求/要求……做某事
at sb’s request/at the request of sb 按/应某人的要求
2)request sb to do sth 请求某人做某事
request that sb (should) do sth 要求/请求某人做某事
It is requested that sb (should) do sth 要求某人做某事
背写作佳句
①Our school requests us to attend/All are requested to attend the lecture on time.学校要求大家准时听讲座。(通知)
②The pianist listened to our request that he ______________ (play) in the charity sale. Joy and laughter filled the room, and everyone’s heart leapt for joy.钢琴家听取了我们的请求, 答应在义卖上演出。屋子里欢声笑语，大家欢喜雀跃。(场景描写)
③It is requested that anyone who wants to attend the course should register personal information online.要求任何想参加该课程的人在网上注册个人信息。(通知)
(should) play
12.短语1 happen to do 碰巧做
背重点
1)sth happens/happened to sb 某事发生在某人身上
2)sb happens/happened to+
3)It happens/happened that ... 碰巧……
背写作佳句
①Do not wait for good things to happen to you. You need to walk towards happiness. 不要等待好事降临，你要向幸福进发。
②Back then, it was a little town that happened ________ (have) ancient walls and lots of old buildings. 那时候，它只是一个小镇，碰巧有古老的城墙和众多的古老的建筑。(地点描写)
③I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet. 我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
to have
13.短语2 put forward 提议，提出；推荐；将……提前；向前拨，拨快(时钟指针)
背重点
put away 把……收拾起来；储存
put off 推迟；延期
put up 提出；建造；举起；提高；推举；供给……住宿
put up with 忍受，忍耐
背写作佳句
①Our government has put ___________ the “Belt and Road Initiative”, which encourages cooperation between China and other countries. 我们政府提出了“一带一路”倡议，鼓励中国与其他国家之间的合作。
②A week before Earth Day, posters were put ________ around our school, calling on us to join in the actions for a greener earth. 在地球日前一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，号召我们加入绿色地球的行动中来。
forward
up
14.句式if 引导的虚拟条件句
The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer, he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him. 房东说如果他知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。
背重点
本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与过去事实相反的假设。
虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下：
虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实 相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+动词原形
与过去事实 相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/could/should/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实 相反的假设 (1)动词的过去式 (2)were to+动词原形 (3)should+动词原形 would/could/should/might+动词原形
背写作佳句
①If I were a dustman, I would make our city cleaner with almost no rubbish lying on the street. 如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，街上几乎没有任何垃圾。(演讲稿)
②If you hadn’t helped me in time, I could have got into great trouble. 如果你没有及时帮我，我可能已经陷入了巨大的麻烦。(感谢信)
③If it _____________________________ (rain) tomorrow, we would put off the sport meet until next weekend. 如果明天下雨的话，我们将把这次运动会推迟到下周末。(告知信)
rained/should rain/were to rain
续写素材 场景练背
背多分3
——动作描写之“看”
瞥见/ 瞟见 ①glance at/around/back/up/down瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看; ②take/cast a glance at ...向……瞥一眼; ③catch a glimpse of瞥见; ④see sth out of the corner of one’s eye用眼角余光一瞟; ⑤cast a sideways look at斜瞟了一眼
偷看 ①peek偷看；窥视; ②peep at/through偷看; ③take a peep at偷看一眼; ④steal a glance at偷偷瞥一眼
其他 ①meet sb’s eye(s)/gaze=sb’s gaze/eyes meet目光相遇；对视;
②keep/take one’s eyes off ...把目光从……上移开; ③tear one’s eyes away from恋恋不舍地把目光从……移开; ④look sb in the eye(s)/look into one’s eyes直视某人的眼睛; ⑤drop one’s gaze垂下眼帘
用表“看”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景39 | “聚会”主题下的“看”
Jenny, a girl growing up in an orphanage, was staying in the corner in the classroom, ①________________________ (她的眼睛盯着，独立主格) the bare wall, lost in thought as if in the depths of despair. Fortunately, she finally attracted the eyes of the monitor, who happened to glance around and ②____________________ (瞥见了) Jenny. She ③______________
___________________ (直视着珍妮的眼睛) and soon realized the
her eyes fixed on/glued to
caught a glimpse of
looked Jenny
straight in the eye
reason and gathered her classmates secretly after class, trying to find a perfect way to please Jenny. Finally, they determined to hold a party especially for her.
微场景40 | “优秀品行”主题下的“看”
The teacher was scanning the classroom when he noticed Mary. Her eyes were glued to the phone. Mary looked up, ④_______________________
(迎上老师的目光), paused for a moment, and ⑤____________________ (垂下眼帘). She swallowed hard, wondering how to explain it. ⑥______
__________________________________ (老师把目光从她的手机上移开), waiting patiently for her explanation. Finally, she looked up,
⑦______________________________________________________ (直视老师的眼睛) and told him the truth.
met the teacher’s eyes
dropped her gaze
The
teacher kept his eyes off her cellphone
looked the teacher in the eye/looked into the teacher’s eyes
