限时练41 选择性必修第四册 UNIT 12(A组)
七选五 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术 难度:★★★☆☆
Short-form videos, also known as Shorts, have gained great popularity, particularly on platforms like TikTok and Instagram Reels. 1 However, there’s a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children’s brains.
The phenomenon known as “TikTok Brain” arises from the app’s short and addictive videos. Similar to candy, these videos generate rapid dopamine (多巴胺) releases, stimulating the brain’s pleasure center. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains. 2 They stimulated the brain’s reward centers more intensely than random videos.
Our brains process visual information faster than text, which explains why videos tend to outperform text-based content online. Due to their underdeveloped reading skills, children are more easily to become addicted to visual stimuli. Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot of harm to the development of reading habits among younger users. 3 According to Jessica Griffin, a professor of child psychology, Shorts affect the developing brains of children and teenagers. The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility. 4 This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.
In conclusion, the constant exposure to fast-paced and stimulating content in Shorts can impact children’s attention. To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks. 5 Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balanced lifestyle.
A. Some even do not include text at all.
B. TikTok’s feed is created addictive by design.
C. But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.
D. It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts.
E. Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.
F. It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.
G. They’re brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.
完形填空 (全国卷Ⅲ改编) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:现代技术 难度:★★★☆☆
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—nearly six months out of the year.
“Of course, we 1 it when the sun is shining,” says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is 2 , but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 3 day.”
But that 4 when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. On Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 6 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 7 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central 9 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light appeared, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been 10 there and standing there and taking pictures of each other,” Ro says. “The town square was totally 11 . I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all 12 the sunshine at the same time. 13 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 14 residents.
“It’s not very 15 ,” she says, “but it is enough when we are sharing.”
1.A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
2.A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
3.A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
4.A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
5.A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
6.A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
7.A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
8.A. day B. night C. month D. year
9.A. library B. hall C. square D. street
10.A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. sitting
11.A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
12.A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
13.A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
14.A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
15.A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
限时练41
七选五
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了短视频对儿童和青少年的大脑发展的影响。
1.G 根据下文“However, there’s a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children’s brains.(然而，越来越多的人担心看太多短视频会影响孩子的大脑)”中“However”可知，上下文是转折关系，下文讲短视频的问题：会影响孩子的大脑，G项“They’re brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.(它们是简短的引人注目的视频，可以使人愉快和入迷)”讲短视频的魅力，与下文构成转折关系。故选G项。
2.F 上文“A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains.(一项研究调查了短视频对青少年的大脑的影响)”提到一个关于短视频对青少年的大脑的影响的研究，F项“It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.(它揭示这些视频是个性化的，经过挑选并提供给用户的)”承接上文，说明研究的结果，句中“It”指代上文“A study”，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
3.E 上文“Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot of harm to the development of reading habits among younger users.(值得注意的是，社交媒体平台可能会对年轻一些的用户的阅读习惯的养成造成很大伤害)”指出社交媒体平台对阅读习惯的养成的影响，E项“Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.(短期记忆和集中注意力的能力都会受到影响)”承接上文，说明其具体影响：影响短期记忆和集中注意力的能力，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
4.C 下文“This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.(这种延迟发育使年轻人更容易受到Shorts的影响)”中提到“This delayed development”，根据指代关系，上文会明确其指代的具体内容，C项“But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.(但它要到25岁左右才能完全成熟)”和上文“The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility.(前额叶皮层负责注意力、自我控制、记忆和学习灵活性)”呼应，下文的“延迟发育”指的是“前额叶皮层的延迟发育”。故选C。
5.D 上文“To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks.(为了解决这个问题，父母可以和他们的孩子就潜在的风险进行开诚布公的交流)”提出解决问题的一个办法：父母和孩子进行交流。D项“It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts. (使用屏幕时间管理工具对短视频是很有帮助的)”给出另一个办法，建议使用屏幕时间管理工具。下文“Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balanced lifestyle.(此外，鼓励体育活动和户外活动对于发展平衡的生活方式也至关重要)”提出第三个建议：鼓励体育活动和户外活动。所以，D项与上下文构成并列关系，就如何解决问题给出切实可行的建议。故选D。
完形填空
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了受周围地势的限制，挪威的留坎小镇在每年九月底到次年三月中旬这将近六个月的时间里都享受不到阳光。但是，一组高科技镜面通过反射原理让小镇居民第一次感受到了冬日里的暖阳。人们聚在广场上享受着阳光，惬意地生活着。
1.D 根据空后的“when the sun is shining”和下文的“We see the sky is 2 ”并结合语境可知，此处指虽然小镇有近半年的时间没有阳光照射，但是当太阳照耀时，小镇的人是能察觉到太阳的。notice “察觉”，符合语境。fear “害怕”； believe “相信”； hear “听到”。
2.B 根据空后的but和darker可知，设空处意思与darker相反，再根据首段对留坎小镇的地形描述可知，小镇在群山之中，小镇里的居民仰头可以看见蓝天，但是山谷里却是阴暗的。blue “蓝色的”，符合语境。
3.A 根据空前的破折号可知，此处是补充说明破折号前的内容，即高处湛蓝的天空衬托着阴暗的山谷，让人感觉山谷里像是阴天。cloudy “多云的；阴天的”，符合语境。normal “正常的”； different “不同的”； warm “温暖的”。
4.B 空前But为表转折的提示词，说明有变化发生。change “改变”，符合语境。help “帮助”； happen “发生”； matter “有关系”。
5.C 根据上文可知，镜面系统将安装在周边山峰上，从山峰将阳光反射到小镇。此处表示小镇的居民在周三收到了第一缕冬日的阳光。receive “收到”，符合语境。remember “记得”； forecast “预报”； imagine “想象”。
6.D 根据第三段第一句中的“a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced”和空前的“residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知，此处指的是一组高科技反射镜面被投入使用。put sth to use “将某物投入使用”，符合语境。
7.B 根据空前的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer”和空后的“to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather”可知，电脑的作用是来控制、管理这组反射镜面的。direct “指挥；管理”，符合语境。forbid “禁止”； predict “预言”； follow “跟随”。
8.A 根据上文可知，小镇居民有约半年的时间会在白天感受不到阳光，由此可排除C、D项；由常识可排除B项。此处应指这组镜面在白天将阳光反射给小镇居民。throughout the day “整日”，符合语境。
9.C 根据空后的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”和第四段中的“The town square”可知，这组镜面将光束集中反射到小镇的中心广场，光照的面积大约为600平方米。square “广场”，符合语境。library “图书馆”； hall “大厅”； street “街道”。
10.D 根据空后的“standing there and taking pictures of each other”可知，此处描述人们相聚在广场时热闹的场景。sit “坐”，符合语境。drive “驾驶”； hide “躲藏”； camp “宿营”。
11.B 根据下文的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知，有阳光的时候，几乎小镇上所有的居民都汇集到广场上了。由此可推断，此处表示这个小镇广场上挤满了人。full “满的”，符合语境。new “新的”； flat “平的”； silent “寂静的”。
12.C 上文提到光照的面积只有大约600平方米，而空前却说小镇有3 500人。由此推断出，此处表示所有的居民不可能同时享受到阳光。enjoy “享受”，符合语境。block “阻挡”； avoid “避开”； store “储存”。
13.B 空前一句提到光照范围不能让全体居民同时享受阳光，但空后内容表示光照对居民来说绰绰有余。由此推断出，此处为表示转折意义的词。however “但是；然而”，符合语境。instead “相反；而”； gradually “渐渐地”； similarly “类似地”。
14.D 由上文可知，小镇的居民一年中有将近六个月是享受不到阳光的。sun-starved “缺乏阳光的”，符合语境。nature-loving “热爱自然的”； energy-saving “节能的”； weather-beaten “饱经风霜的”。
15.A 根据空后的“but it is enough”可知，此处表达与之相反的意思“它(指大约600平方米的照射面积)虽然不是很大”。big “大的”，符合语境。(共77张PPT)
限时练41
选择性必修第四册 UNIT 12(A组)
阅读A 体裁：说明文 主题语境：科学研究 难度：★★★★☆
(阅读A、B、C、D)
For shelter dogs, awaiting adoption can be stressful. Roughly 4.1 million dogs enter animal shelters in the United States every single year. Dogs housed in shelters can face great stress due to noise and limited spaces, which can reduce their overall well-being and impact their adoptability. A study published in the journal PLOS ONE found that dogs kept together with companions showed fewer signs of stress and were even adopted more quickly.
“Despite being a social species, dogs are often housed alone in shelters to reduce disease transmission and possible injury from inter-dog conflicts. But this practice can work against dogs’ behavioral health and adoptability，” study co-author and Virginia Tech University animal behavior psychologist Erica Feuerbacher said in a statement. “We wanted to examine whether pair housing could be a useful intervention for improving shelter dogs’ welfare.”
Prior studies have suggested that co-housing can produce behavioral and physiological benefits. These studies have typically focused on laboratory dogs or dogs housed for more than six months at veterinary (兽医的) schools. However, those results might not necessarily apply to shelter dogs, many of which have shorter lengths of stay than those dogs studied. This study is the first to examine how U.S.-based shelter dogs perform in co-housing vs. single-housing.
This new study followed 61 dogs, most of which had recently entered the Humane Society of Western Montana. The team placed half of the dogs in co-housing with partners who were put together after a compatibility (兼容) test. The other half were housed alone.
They observed the dogs over a week, recording common stress behaviors. These include lip-licking and pulling back their ears. The team also took daily samples of the dogs’ urinary cortisol (尿皮质醇) to measure for biological indicators of stress.
The dogs that were housed with a companion showed fewer stress behaviors. They were also adopted four days sooner than the single-housed dogs on average. “Many potential adopters might already have a dog，” Feuerbacher said. “Clearly exhibiting that a dog can successfully interact with other dogs might highlight those dogs as good matches—leading to more successful adoptions.”
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，在动物收容所成对安置的狗比单独安置的狗表现出的紧张行为更少，甚至更容易被收养。
1.What is the aim of their study according to Erica Feuerbacher
A. To test the effect of pair housing on shelter dogs.
B. To reveal the situation of dogs in animal shelters.
C. To investigate the impact of stress on dogs’ health.
D. To identify the reasons for dogs’ stress in shelters.
A 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We wanted to examine whether pair housing could be a useful intervention for improving shelter dogs’ welfare. (我们想检测成对安置是否会对改善收容所犬只的福利产生有效干预)”可知，他们进行此项研究就是要测试成对安置对收容所里的犬只的影响。故选A。
答案与解析
2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The limitations of housing dogs alone.
B. The benefits of co-housing dogs in the lab.
C. The achievement of previous related studies.
D. The necessity of conducting the new study.
D 主旨大意题。根据第三段“先前的研究表明，共同居住可以产生行为和生理上的益处。这些研究通常集中在实验室狗或在兽医
答案与解析
学校饲养超过六个月的狗身上。然而，这些结果可能不一定适用于收容所的狗，其中许多狗的留驻时间比研究的狗短。这项研究首次考察了美国收容所的狗在共同居住和独自居住时的表现。”可知，早期的研究专注于实验狗和安置在兽医学校六个月以上的狗,但其结果可能不适用于收容所的狗。此项研究第一次对比了成对安置和单独安置时收容所里的犬只的表现。故本段主要讲这次研究的必要性。故选D。
答案与解析
3.How did the researchers measure stress levels of the dogs
A. By changing the dogs’ shelters.
B. By performing a compatibility test.
C. By analyzing their biological samples.
D. By recording the frequency of their conflicts.
C 细节理解题。根据第五段“他们对狗进行了一周的观察，记录了常见的紧张行为，其中包括舔嘴唇和向后伸耳朵。团队还每天采集狗的尿皮质醇样本作为测量压力的生物学指标”可知，研究人员是通过分析生物学样本来测量狗的压力水平的。故选C。
答案与解析
4.According to the study, why did the co-housed dogs get adopted faster
A. They had shorter stay length in the shelter.
B. They interacted better with their partners.
C. They seemed to be loyal to the new adopters.
D. They exhibited greater ability to live alone.
B 细节理解题。根据最后一段引述Feuerbacher的话“Many potential adopters might already have a dog (很多潜在的收养者可能
答案与解析
已经有一只狗了)”及“Clearly exhibiting that a dog can successfully interact with other dogs might highlight those dogs as good matches—leading to more successful adoptions. (清楚地表明一只狗可以成功地与其他狗互动，可能会突出这些狗是很好的伴侣，从而导致更成功的收养。)”可知，Feuerbacher解释说与同伴一起安置的狗被收养得更快，是因为它们能清晰地展现出它们能更好地和其他犬只互动，从而更受可能已经有一只狗的收养者青睐。故选B。
答案与解析
阅读B 体裁：说明文 主题语境：技术创新 难度：★★★☆☆
Can artificial intelligence be made to tell the truth Probably not, but the developers of large language model (LLM) chatbots should be legally required to reduce the risk of errors, says a team of ethicists (伦理学家). “What we’re just trying to do is to create a structure to get the companies to put a greater emphasis on truth or accuracy when they are creating the systems，” says Brent Mittelstadt at the University of Oxford.
LLM chatbots, such as ChatGPT, generate human-like responses to users’ questions, based on statistical analysis of vast amounts of text. But although their answers usually appear convincing, they also tend to have “hallucination”. “We have these really, really impressive generative AI systems, but they get things wrong very frequently, and as far as we can understand the basic functioning of the systems, there’s no fundamental way to revamp that，” says Mittelstadt.
This is a “very big problem” for LLM systems, given they are being rolled out to be used in a variety of contexts, such as government decisions, where it is important that they produce factually correct, truthful answers, and are honest about the limitations of their knowledge, he says.
To address the problem, Mittelstadt and his colleagues propose a range of measures. They say large language models should react in a similar way to how people would when asked factual questions. That
means being honest about what you do and don’t know. “It’s about doing the necessary steps to actually be careful in what you are claiming，” says Mittelstadt. This seems like a praiseworthy aim, but Eerke Boiten at De Montfort University, UK, questions whether the ethicists’ demand is technically practical. “I don’t understand how they expect legal requirements to mandate what I see as fundamentally technologically impossible，” he says.
Mittelstadt and his colleagues do suggest some more straightforward steps that could make LLMs more truthful. The models should link to sources, he says—something that many of them now do to evidence their claims, while the wider use of a technique known as “retrieval enhanced generation” to come up with answers could limit the likelihood of “hallucinations”.
本文是一篇说明文。为了解决人工智能产生不准确信息的问题，一个伦理学家团队表示，开发者应该有法律义务来降低错误的风险，但人们对它是否有效存在疑问。
5.What is the main concern of the ethicists regarding LLM chatbots
A. The enormous development cost.
B. The ethical decisions made by AI.
C. Its inability to guarantee truthfulness.
D. Its efficiency in processing texts.
C 细节理解题。根据第一段“人工智能能说真话吗 一组伦理学家表示，可能不会，但应该依法要求大型语言模型(LLM)聊天机器人的开发者减少出错的风险。牛津大学的布伦特·米特尔施塔特表示：‘我们只是想创建一种结构，让公司在创建系统时更加重视真实性或准确性。’”可知, 伦理学家主要关注的是大型语言模型聊天机器人无法保证提供真实信息的问题。故选C。
答案与解析
6.What does the underlined word “revamp” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Ignore. B. Fix.
C. Discover. D. Escape.
B 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“We have these really, really impressive generative AI systems, but they get things wrong very frequently(我们有这些非常非常令人印象深刻的生成式人工智能系统，但它们经常出错)”以及“and as far as we can understand the basic functioning of the systems, there’s no fundamental way to(就我们对系统基本功能的理解而言，没有根本的方法……)”可知，生成式人工智能系统经常出错，而目前没有根本的方法来解决这个问题，故画线词的意思是“解决”。故选B。
答案与解析
7.What is Eerke Boiten’s attitude towards the ethicists’ proposals for LLMs
A. Tolerant. B. Conservative.
C. Enthusiastic. D. Skeptical.
D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This seems like a praiseworthy aim, but Eerke Boiten at De Montfort University, UK, questions whether the ethicists’ demand is technically practical. ‘I don’t understand how
答案与解析
they expect legal requirements to mandate what I see as fundamentally technologically impossible，’ he says. (这似乎是一个值得称赞的目标，但英国德蒙福特大学的Eerke Boiten质疑伦理学家的要求在技术上是否可行。他说：‘我不明白他们怎么指望法律要求强制执行我认为在技术上根本不可能的事情。’)”可知，Eerke Boiter对于伦理学家要求法律强制开发者减少LLM聊天机器人中的错误的提议持怀疑态度。故选D。
答案与解析
8.Which of the following is suggested as a step to make LLMs more truthful
A. Linking to relevant sources.
B. Using more complex data statistics.
C. Encouraging user interaction.
D. Reducing the size of the language models.
A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The models should link to sources, he says—something that many of them now do to evidence
答案与解析
their claims, while the wider use of a technique known as ‘retrieval enhanced generation’ to come up with answers could limit the likelihood of ‘hallucinations’. (他说，这些模型应该与来源联系起来——他们中的许多人现在都在这样做，以证明他们的说法，而更广泛地使用一种被称为‘检索增强生成’的技术来得出答案，可能会限制‘幻觉’的可能性)”可知，使LLMs更真实的建议步骤之一是链接到相关来源。故选A。
答案与解析
阅读C (2024·浙江1月卷) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：灾害防范 难度：★★★☆☆
On September 7，1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr. Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划，以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。
9.What does the project aim to do
A. Conserve moisture in the soil.
B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
B 细节理解题。题干中的“the project”指的就是第一段中所提到的“Alberta Hail Suppression Project”，因此根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知,这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成，故选B项。A项“保存土壤水分”；C项“预报灾难性雹暴”；D项“调查农业中化学品的使用”。
答案与解析
10.Who are opposed to the project
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials.
D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But farmers in east-central Alberta ... worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知, Alberta中东部的农民担心播云会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知，这些农民是反对这个计划的，故选A项。
答案与解析
11.Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell”可知, Doswell博士对播云的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的重大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind ”，怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或是减少下风处的水分。由此可推断出,
答案与解析
Doswell博士提到他看到的1999年的龙卷风是为了表明播云存在可能的风险，故选C项。A项“为了比较不同的播撒方式”；B项“为了说明大雹暴的形成”；C项“为了表明播云可能存在的风险”；D项
“为了说明风暴和水分之间的关系”。
答案与解析
12.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety”可知，私营的气候工程可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去，也就是说这些公司会继续存在下去，故选D项。A项“科学研究证明了Stienwand是对的”；B项“私营的气候工程在加拿大是非法的”；C项“关于播云的疑虑已经消失了”；D项“播云公司会继续存在下去”。
答案与解析
阅读D (2024·浙江首考) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：社会发展 难度：★★★☆☆
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was ... 2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turned into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves, and return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories. Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
这是一篇说明文。随着手机的普及，电话亭渐渐地被人们遗忘，作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你图书馆”，作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍，这让作者觉得很棒。
13.What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to
A. The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
B 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。
答案与解析
14.Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006
A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice.
C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition.
A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。
答案与解析
15.What do we know about the “mini community library”
A. It provides phone service for free.
B. Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C. It is popular among young readers.
D. Books must be returned within a month.
B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The last one standing has just been turned into a ‘mini community library’: any passer-by can ‘borrow’ a book from its shelves, and return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.” 可知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”捐赠图书。故选B。
答案与解析
16.Why did the author start to use the “library”
A. He wanted to borrow some love stories.
B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C. He found there were excellent free books.
D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!” 可知，作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书，所以开始使用。故选C。
答案与解析
七选五 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术 难度：★★★☆☆
Short-form videos, also known as Shorts, have gained great popularity, particularly on platforms like TikTok and Instagram Reels. 1 However, there’s a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children’s brains.
The phenomenon known as “TikTok Brain” arises from the app’s short and addictive videos. Similar to candy, these videos generate rapid dopamine (多巴胺) releases, stimulating the brain’s pleasure center. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage
brains. 2 They stimulated the brain’s reward centers more intensely than random videos.
Our brains process visual information faster than text, which explains why videos tend to outperform text-based content online. Due to their underdeveloped reading skills, children are more easily to become addicted to visual stimuli. Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot of harm to the development of reading habits among younger users. 3 According to Jessica Griffin, a professor of child psychology, Shorts affect the developing brains of children and teenagers. The prefrontal cortex (前
额叶皮质) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility. 4 This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.
In conclusion, the constant exposure to fast-paced and stimulating content in Shorts can impact children’s attention. To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks. 5 Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balanced lifestyle.
A. Some even do not include text at all.
B. TikTok’s feed is created addictive by design.
C. But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.
D. It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts.
E. Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.
F. It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.
G. They’re brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了短视频对儿童和青少年的大脑发展的影响。
1.G 根据下文“However, there’s a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children’s brains.(然而，越来越多的人担心看太多短视频会影响孩子的大脑)”中“However”可知，上下文是转折关系，下文讲短视频的问题：会影响孩子的大脑，G项“They’re brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive. (它们是简短的引人注目的视频，可以使人愉快和入迷)”讲短视频的魅力，与下文构成转折关系。故选G项。
答案与解析
2.F 上文“A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains.(一项研究调查了短视频对青少年的大脑的影响)”提到一个关于短视频对青少年的大脑的影响的研究，F项“It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.
(它揭示这些视频是个性化的，经过挑选并提供给用户的)”承接上文，说明研究的结果，句中“It”指代上文“A study”，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
答案与解析
3.E 上文“Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot of harm to the development of reading habits among younger users.(值得注意的是，社交媒体平台可能会对年轻一些的用户的阅读习惯的养成造成很大伤害)”指出社交媒体平台对阅读习惯的养成的影响，E项“Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.(短期记忆和集中注意力的能力都会受到影响)”承接上文，说明其具体影响：影响短期记忆和集中注意力的能力，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
答案与解析
4.C 下文“This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.(这种延迟发育使年轻人更容易受到Shorts的影响)”中提到“This delayed development”，根据指代关 系，上文会明确其指代的具体内容，C项“But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.(但它要到25岁左右才能完全成 熟)”和上文“The prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility.(前额叶皮层负责注意力、自我控制、记忆和学习灵活性)”呼应，下文的“延迟发育”指的是“前额叶皮层的延迟发育”。故选C。
答案与解析
5.D 上文“To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks.(为了解决这个问题，父母可以和他们的孩子就潜在的风险进行开诚布公的交流)”提出解决问题的一个办法：父母和孩子进行交流。D项“It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts. (使用屏幕时间管理工具对短视频是很有帮助的)”给出另一个办法，建议使用屏幕时间管理
答案与解析
工具。下文“Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balanced lifestyle.(此外，鼓励体育活动和户外活动对于发展平衡的生活方式也至关重要)”提出第三个建议：鼓励体育活动和户外活动。所以，D项与上下文构成并列关系，就如何解决问题给出切实可行的建议。故选D。
答案与解析
完形填空 (全国卷Ⅲ改编) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：现代技术 难度：★★★☆☆
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—nearly six months out of the year.
“Of course, we 1 it when the sun is shining，” says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is 2 , but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 3 day.”
But that 4 when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to
reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. On Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 6 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 7 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town’s central 9 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light appeared, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been 10 there and standing there and taking pictures of each other，” Ro says. “The town square was totally 11 . I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3，500 residents cannot all 12 the sunshine at the same time. 13 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 14 residents.
“It’s not very 15 ，” she says, “but it is enough when we are sharing.”
1.A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
2.A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
3.A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
4.A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
5.A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
6.A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
7.A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
8.A. day B. night C. month D. year
9.A. library B. hall C. square D. street
10.A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. sitting
11.A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
12.A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
13.A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
14.A. nature-loving B. energy-saving
C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
15.A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了受周围地势的限制，挪威的留坎小镇在每年九月底到次年三月中旬这将近六个月的时间里都享受不到阳光。但是，一组高科技镜面通过反射原理让小镇居民第一次感受到了冬日里的暖阳。人们聚在广场上享受着阳光，惬意地生活着。
1.D 根据空后的“when the sun is shining”和下文的“We see the sky is 2 ”并结合语境可知，此处指虽然小镇有近半年的时间没有阳光照射，但是当太阳照耀时，小镇的人是能察觉到太阳的。notice “察觉”，符合语境。fear “害怕”； believe “相信”； hear “听到”。
2.B 根据空后的but和darker可知，设空处意思与darker相反，再根据首段对留坎小镇的地形描述可知，小镇在群山之中，小镇里的居民仰头可以看见蓝天，但是山谷里却是阴暗的。blue “蓝色 的”，符合语境。
答案与解析
3.A 根据空前的破折号可知，此处是补充说明破折号前的内容，即高处湛蓝的天空衬托着阴暗的山谷，让人感觉山谷里像是阴 天。cloudy “多云的；阴天的”，符合语境。normal “正常的”； different “不同的”； warm “温暖的”。
4.B 空前But为表转折的提示词，说明有变化发生。change “改 变”，符合语境。help “帮助”； happen “发生”； matter “有关系”。
答案与解析
5.C 根据上文可知，镜面系统将安装在周边山峰上，从山峰将阳光反射到小镇。此处表示小镇的居民在周三收到了第一缕冬日的阳光。receive “收到”，符合语境。remember “记得”； forecast “预报”； imagine “想象”。
6.D 根据第三段第一句中的“a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced”和空前的“residents (居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知，此处指的是一组高科技反射镜面被投入使用。put sth to use “将某物投入使用”，符合语境。
答案与解析
7.B 根据空前的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer”和空后的“to turn along with the sun throughout the 8 and to close during windy weather”可知，电脑的作用是来控制、管理这组反射镜面 的。direct “指挥；管理”，符合语境。forbid “禁止”； predict “预言”； follow “跟随”。
答案与解析
8.A 根据上文可知，小镇居民有约半年的时间会在白天感受不到阳光，由此可排除C、D项；由常识可排除B项。此处应指这组镜面在白天将阳光反射给小镇居民。throughout the day “整日”，符合语境。
9.C 根据空后的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”和第四段中的“The town square”可知，这组镜面将光束集中反射到小镇的中心广场，光照的面积大约为600平方米。square “广场”，符合语境。library “图书馆”； hall “大厅”； street “街道”。
答案与解析
10.D 根据空后的“standing there and taking pictures of each other”可知，此处描述人们相聚在广场时热闹的场景。sit “坐”，符合语境。drive “驾驶”； hide “躲藏”； camp “宿营”。
11.B 根据下文的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知，有阳光的时候，几乎小镇上所有的居民都汇集到广场上了。由此可推断，此处表示这个小镇广场上挤满了人。full
“满的”，符合语境。new “新的”； flat “平的”； silent “寂静的”。
答案与解析
12.C 上文提到光照的面积只有大约600平方米，而空前却说小镇有3 500人。由此推断出，此处表示所有的居民不可能同时享受到阳光。enjoy “享受”，符合语境。block “阻挡”； avoid “避开”； store “储存”。
13.B 空前一句提到光照范围不能让全体居民同时享受阳光，但空后内容表示光照对居民来说绰绰有余。由此推断出，此处为表示转折意义的词。however “但是；然而”，符合语境。instead “相反；而”； gradually “渐渐地”； similarly “类似地”。
答案与解析
14.D 由上文可知，小镇的居民一年中有将近六个月是享受不到阳光的。sun-starved “缺乏阳光的”，符合语境。nature-loving “热爱自然的”； energy-saving “节能的”； weather-beaten “饱经风霜 的”。
15.A 根据空后的“but it is enough”可知，此处表达与之相反的意思“它(指大约600平方米的照射面积)虽然不是很大”。big “大的”，符合语境。
答案与解析限时练42 选择性必修第四册 UNIT 12(B组)
语法填空 体裁:说明文 主题语境:科学 难度:★★★☆
Are you afraid of getting old 1.__________ we get past the age of 25, many of us immediately feel the urge to stop the signs of ageing—especially the visible ones. Men and women are now using topical “anti-ageing” creams, spa treatments and medical procedures 2.__________ (oppose) many of them.
3.__________ these methods can somewhat affect the way you look, ageing is an internal process. A new study has found exactly when during your lifetime this process peaks.
A group of scientists based out of the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that instead 4.__________ being a smooth, continuous process, ageing surges forward at three distinct stages of life: first, at the age of 34, then at age 60, and finally at 78.
The study, published in Nature Medicine, 5.__________ (reveal) that scientists can not only predict your age by studying the proteome (protein levels in the blood) but also determine which organs are ageing faster than the others, and which age-related diseases your body is 6.__________ (likely) to develop. The study measured plasma proteins (血浆蛋白) collected from 4,263 adults between the ages of 18-95 years and studied the changes in the proteome that occurred with age.
Their ultimate goal was to understand how to identify the changes associated with cardiovascular (心血管的) issues and age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s so 7.__________ therapeutic treatments can be devised to oppose their attack while there’s still time.
Dr Tony Wyss-Coray, one of the leading members of the study, told Stanford Medicine News Center, “We’ve known for a long time that 8.__________ (measure) certain proteins can give you information about a person’s health status—lipoproteins (脂蛋白) for cardiovascular health, for example. But it hasn’t been appreciated that so many different proteins’ levels—roughly a third of all the ones we looked at—change markedly with advancing age.”
This difference between the chronological (按时间计算的) and physiological (生理的) age, according to the scientists’ “plasma-protein clock”, showed that a lot of people in the study seemed younger than they actually are. What’s more, the study also confirmed that men and women, though equally 9.__________ (represent) in the study, age differently.
Does this mean medications and lifestyle methods, with further research, can also be devised to help 10.__________ ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s You never know.
应用文写作 (建议信)
假定你是李华,你校将开设国画、京剧和书法选修课。你校交换生 Chris发来邮件咨询你的选课建议。请你回复邮件,内容包括:1.你的建议及理由;2.你的期待。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请在相应位置作答。
参考词汇: 选修课 elective course
读后续写 (爱护动物)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A shop owner placed a sign above his door that said: “Puppies For Sale”.
Signs like this always have a way of attracting young children, and to no surprise, a boy saw the sign and approached the owner, “How much are you going to sell the puppies for ” he asked. The shop owner replied, “Anywhere from $30 to $50.” The little boy pulled out some change from his pocket. “I have $2.37,” he said. “Can I please look at them ”
The shop owner smiled and whistled. Out came Lady, who ran down the aisle of his shop followed by five teeny, tiny balls of fur. One puppy was lagging (走得慢) considerably behind. Immediately the little boy singled out the lagging puppy and said, “What’s wrong with that little dog ”
The shop owner explained that the veterinarian had examined the little puppy and had discovered it didn’t have a hip socket. It would always be lame (瘸的). The little boy became excited. “That is the puppy that I want to buy.” The shop owner said, “No, you don’t want to buy that little dog. If you really want him, I’ll just give him to you.”
The little boy got quite upset. He looked straight into the stop owner’s eyes, pointing his finger, and said, “I don’t want you to give him to me. That little dog is worth every bit as much as all the other dogs and I’ll pay full price. In fact, I’ll give you $2.37 now, and 50 cents a month until I have him paid for.” The shop owner said, “You really don’t want to buy this little dog. He is never going to be able to run and jump and play with you like the other puppies.”
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请在相应位置作答。
“Well, I don’t walk so well myself.”said the little boy.
The little boy took the little lame dog home happily.
限时练42
语法填空
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现了人一生中衰老过程达到顶峰的确切时间以及如何测量衰老情况。
1.Once 考查状语从句。句意：一旦过了25岁，我们中的许多人就会立即感到想要阻止衰老的迹象——尤其是那些看得见的迹象。引导时间状语从句，表示“一旦”，应用once，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Once。
2.to oppose 考查非谓语动词。句意：男性和女性现在都在使用外用的“抗衰老”面霜、水疗和医疗程序来对抗其中的许多衰老。短语use sth to do sth表示“用某物做某事”。故填to oppose。
3.Though/Although/While 考查状语从句。句意：虽然这些方法会在一定程度上影响你的外表，但衰老是一个内在的过程。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用though、while或although，首字母大写。故填Though/Although/While。
4.of 考查固定短语。句意：斯坦福大学医学院的一组科学家发现，衰老不是一个平稳、连续的过程，而是在生命的三个不同阶段加速：首先是34岁，然后是60岁，最后是78岁。此处表示“而不是”应为固定搭配instead of。故填of。
5.has revealed 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这项发表在《自然医学》杂志上的研究表明，科学家不仅可以通过研究蛋白质组(血液中的蛋白质水平)来预测你的年龄，还可以确定哪些器官比其他器官衰老得更快，以及你的身体更容易患上哪些与年龄有关的疾病。此处表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为study，助动词用has。故填has revealed。
6.more likely 考查比较级。句意同上。根据上文“organs are ageing faster than the others”可知，应用比较级。故填more likely。
7.that 考查状语从句。句意：他们的最终目标是了解如何识别与心血管问题和阿尔茨海默病等与年龄有关的疾病相关的变化，以便在还有时间的时候设计出治疗方法来对抗它们的攻击。引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”应为so that，故填that。
8.measuring 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们早就知道，测量某些蛋白质可以提供一个人健康状况的信息——例如，用于心血管健康的脂蛋白。此空处作从句的主语，应用动名词形式。故填measuring。
9.represented 考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，该研究还证实，男性和女性虽然在研究中占同等比例，但衰老地不同。此处为状语从句的省略，且省去的从句中的主语men and women与represent构成被动关系，故填过去分词。故填represented。
10.whoever 考查宾语从句。句意：这是否意味着，通过进一步的研究，药物和生活方式也可以被设计出来，帮助那些衰老过快、有患高血压和阿尔茨海默氏症等与年龄有关的疾病风险的人 引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且表示“无论谁”应用whoever。故填whoever。
应用文写作
范文借鉴
Dear Chris，
I’m glad to hear you’re interested in our elective courses. Among the options of Chinese painting, Peking Opera and calligraphy, I would recommend you try calligraphy first.
Calligraphy is not only a unique art form in China, but also a means of cultivating one’s temperament. It involves learning how to write Chinese characters beautifully, which can help you appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters and culture. Additionally, calligraphy is a form of meditation, allowing you to focus your mind and relax.
I’m looking forward to seeing you excel in this art and your sharing progress with me. Perhaps we can even exchange our calligraphy works! Please let me know if you need any further assistance.
Best regards，
Li Hua
读后续写
范文借鉴
“Well, I don’t walk so well myself.” said the little boy. He reached down and rolled up his pant leg to reveal a badly twisted, crippled left leg supported by a big metal brace. He looked up at the shop owner and softly replied, “The little puppy will need someone who understands!” The manager was compassionate. He insisted that he take the puppy free of cost. But the boy did not agree. He strongly argued, “The lame puppy is not worthless. We will pay for it the same price which you charge for the healthy ones.” Finally, the shop owner compromised and instructed the boy how to take good care of the little puppy.
The little boy took the little lame dog home happily. Ever since, they played together； they ate together； sometimes they even slept together. The little lame boy and the little lame puppy became best friends. Naturally, everybody deserves to be recognized, respected and loved. Every person has his own value and should never be judged by his outward appearance. Persons with disabilities need our special care, attention, consideration and encouragement. With our sincere support, they can achieve wonderful things in life and become an inspiration to all.
读后续写加强练7
读后续写A
范文借鉴
Then she put it down disappointedly after seeing the price. Letting out a sigh, she walked away, her eyes still lingering on it. I could tell how much she loved it but I knew she wouldn’t buy. Determined to give her a surprise, I waited until she was out of sight and quickly made the purchase. My heart pounded as I thought about what a surprise this would be on Christmas morning. With the figurine in my bag, I went home with my family.
I placed it under the tree and settled in to wait for Christmas morning. The day finally came. My siblings and I tore into the treats and treasures our parents had lovingly put inside stockings and brightly wrapped packages. Then we began presenting gifts to my parents. When my mom unwrapped my gift, she recognized the figurine instantly, and her face lit up with surprise and joy. She turned to me and hugged me tightly with tears in her eyes. Seeing her happy made me realize the joy of giving.
读后续写B
范文借鉴
From that day on, I didn’t talk to Alex. Each day at school, I navigated the hallways with a new route, avoiding the places he frequented. The shared excitement that once connected us was replaced by a painful silence. Alex tried to do something to mend it. One day, he even left me a note, trying to comfort me. But I looked at him coldly, “Leave me alone.” I knew I was hurting him, but the sting of rejection was too fresh, and I couldn’t find the words to bridge the gap.
Finally, Mom talked with me, saying Alex wasn’t the one to blame. She reminded me that success and failure were parts of life’s journey. “You should have congratulated your friend on this instead of feeling pitiful for yourself，” she said seriously. It suddenly struck me that how unfairly I treated Alex. Seized by guilt, I followed Mom’s advice and left Alex a note, expressing my feelings—not as an apology, but as a step towards healing and rebuilding our bond. It was time to face my fears and embrace the reality that our friendship could weather this storm.(共23张PPT)
限时练42
选择性必修第四册 UNIT 12(B组)
语法填空 体裁：说明文 主题语境：科学 难度：★★★ ☆
Are you afraid of getting old 1.__________ we get past the age of 25, many of us immediately feel the urge to stop the signs of ageing—especially the visible ones. Men and women are now using topical “anti-ageing” creams, spa treatments and medical procedures 2.__________ (oppose) many of them.
3.______________________ these methods can somewhat affect the way you look, ageing is an internal process. A new study has found exactly when during your lifetime this process peaks.
Once
to oppose
Though/Although/While
A group of scientists based out of the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that instead 4.__________ being a smooth, continuous process, ageing surges forward at three distinct stages of life: first, at the age of 34, then at age 60, and finally at 78.
The study, published in Nature Medicine, 5.____________ (reveal) that scientists can not only predict your age by studying the proteome (protein levels in the blood) but also determine which organs are ageing faster than the others, and which age-related diseases your body is 6.__________ (likely) to develop. The study measured plasma proteins
of
has revealed
more likely
(血浆蛋白) collected from 4，263 adults between the ages of 18-95 years and studied the changes in the proteome that occurred with age.
Their ultimate goal was to understand how to identify the changes associated with cardiovascular (心血管的) issues and age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s so 7.__________ therapeutic treatments can be devised to oppose their attack while there’s still time.
Dr Tony Wyss-Coray, one of the leading members of the study, told Stanford Medicine News Center, “We’ve known for a long time that 8.__________ (measure) certain proteins can give you information about a
that
measuring
person’s health status—lipoproteins (脂蛋白) for cardiovascular health, for example. But it hasn’t been appreciated that so many different proteins’ levels—roughly a third of all the ones we looked at—change markedly with advancing age.”
This difference between the chronological (按时间计算的) and physiological (生理的) age, according to the scientists’ “plasma-protein clock”, showed that a lot of people in the study seemed younger than they actually are. What’s more, the study also confirmed that men and women, though equally 9.__________ (represent) in the study, age differently.
represented
Does this mean medications and lifestyle methods, with further research, can also be devised to help 10.__________ ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s You never know.
whoever
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现了人一生中衰老过程达到顶峰的确切时间以及如何测量衰老情况。
1.Once 考查状语从句。句意：一旦过了25岁，我们中的许多人就会立即感到想要阻止衰老的迹象——尤其是那些看得见的迹 象。引导时间状语从句，表示“一旦”，应用once，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Once。
答案与解析
2.to oppose 考查非谓语动词。句意：男性和女性现在都在使用外用的“抗衰老”面霜、水疗和医疗程序来对抗其中的许多衰老。短语use sth to do sth表示“用某物做某事”。故填to oppose。
3.Though/Although/While 考查状语从句。句意：虽然这些方法会在一定程度上影响你的外表，但衰老是一个内在的过程。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用though、while或although，首字母大写。故填Though/Although/While。
答案与解析
4.of 考查固定短语。句意：斯坦福大学医学院的一组科学家发 现，衰老不是一个平稳、连续的过程，而是在生命的三个不同阶段加速：首先是34岁，然后是60岁，最后是78岁。此处表示“而不是”应为固定搭配instead of。故填of。
答案与解析
5.has revealed 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这项发表在《自然医学》杂志上的研究表明，科学家不仅可以通过研究蛋白质组(血液中的蛋白质水平)来预测你的年龄，还可以确定哪些器官比其他器官衰老得更快，以及你的身体更容易患上哪些与年龄有关的疾病。此处表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为study，助动词用has。故填has revealed。
答案与解析
6.more likely 考查比较级。句意同上。根据上文“organs are ageing faster than the others”可知，应用比较级。故填more likely。
7.that 考查状语从句。句意：他们的最终目标是了解如何识别与心血管问题和阿尔茨海默病等与年龄有关的疾病相关的变化，以便在还有时间的时候设计出治疗方法来对抗它们的攻击。引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”应为so that，故填that。
答案与解析
8.measuring 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们早就知道，测量某些蛋白质可以提供一个人健康状况的信息——例如，用于心血管健康的脂蛋白。此空处作从句的主语，应用动名词形式。故填measuring。
9.represented 考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，该研究还证实，男性和女性虽然在研究中占同等比例，但衰老地不同。此处为状语从句的省略，且省去的从句中的主语men and women与represent构成被动关系，故填过去分词。故填represented。
答案与解析
10.whoever 考查宾语从句。句意：这是否意味着，通过进一步的研究，药物和生活方式也可以被设计出来，帮助那些衰老过 快、有患高血压和阿尔茨海默氏症等与年龄有关的疾病风险的人 引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且表示“无论谁”应用whoever。故填whoever。
答案与解析
应用文写作 (建议信)
假定你是李华，你校将开设国画、京剧和书法选修课。你校交换生 Chris发来邮件咨询你的选课建议。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1.你的建议及理由；2.你的期待。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请在相应位置作答。
参考词汇: 选修课 elective course
Dear Chris，
I’m glad to hear you’re interested in our elective courses. Among the options of Chinese painting, Peking Opera and calligraphy, I would recommend you try calligraphy first.
Calligraphy is not only a unique art form in China, but also a means of cultivating one’s temperament. It involves learning how to write Chinese characters beautifully, which can help you appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters and culture. Additionally, calligraphy is a
范文借鉴
form of meditation, allowing you to focus your mind and relax.
I’m looking forward to seeing you excel in this art and your sharing progress with me. Perhaps we can even exchange our calligraphy works! Please let me know if you need any further assistance.
Best regards，
Li Hua
范文借鉴
读后续写 (爱护动物)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A shop owner placed a sign above his door that said: “Puppies For Sale”.
Signs like this always have a way of attracting young children, and to no surprise, a boy saw the sign and approached the owner, “How much are you going to sell the puppies for ” he asked. The shop owner replied, “Anywhere from $30 to $50.” The little boy pulled out some change from
his pocket. “I have $2.37，” he said. “Can I please look at them ”
The shop owner smiled and whistled. Out came Lady, who ran down the aisle of his shop followed by five teeny, tiny balls of fur. One puppy was lagging (走得慢) considerably behind. Immediately the little boy singled out the lagging puppy and said, “What’s wrong with that little dog ”
The shop owner explained that the veterinarian had examined the little puppy and had discovered it didn’t have a hip socket. It would always be lame (瘸的). The little boy became excited. “That is the puppy
that I want to buy.” The shop owner said, “No, you don’t want to buy that little dog. If you really want him, I’ll just give him to you.”
The little boy got quite upset. He looked straight into the stop owner’s eyes, pointing his finger, and said, “I don’t want you to give him to me. That little dog is worth every bit as much as all the other dogs and I’ll pay full price. In fact, I’ll give you $2.37 now, and 50 cents a month until I have him paid for.” The shop owner said, “You really don’t want to buy this little dog. He is never going to be able to run and jump and play with you like the other puppies.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请在相应位置作答。
“Well, I don’t walk so well myself.”said the little boy.
The little boy took the little lame dog home happily.
“Well, I don’t walk so well myself.” said the little boy. He reached down and rolled up his pant leg to reveal a badly twisted, crippled left leg supported by a big metal brace. He looked up at the shop owner and softly replied, “The little puppy will need someone who understands!” The manager was compassionate. He insisted that he take the puppy free of cost. But the boy did not agree. He strongly
范文借鉴
argued, “The lame puppy is not worthless. We will pay for it the same price which you charge for the healthy ones.” Finally, the shop owner compromised and instructed the boy how to take good care of the little puppy.
The little boy took the little lame dog home happily. Ever since, they played together； they ate together； sometimes they even slept
范文借鉴
together. The little lame boy and the little lame puppy became best friends. Naturally, everybody deserves to be recognized, respected and loved. Every person has his own value and should never be judged by his outward appearance. Persons with disabilities need our special care, attention, consideration and encouragement. With our sincere support, they can achieve wonderful things in life and become an inspiration to all.
范文借鉴
