专题--名词辨析 提升练 2026年高考英语复习备考

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题--名词辨析 提升练
2026年高考英语复习备考
一、名词辨析单项选择
1．I almost cried at the beauty and of youth to make a positive impact on the Earth.
A．promise B．power C．imagination D．innocence
2．Over the last twenty years, I have coached thousands of people. I have heard some _______ of the following many times: “How can I get my boss/colleague to treat me like I am part of the team ”
A．assumptions B．options C．questions D．suggestions
3．I entered the cat section of the shelter, observing all the ears turning as my footsteps echoed down the hall. Then I was drawn to a cage with a large message written in red marker: “ , He Bites!”
A．Proposal B．Warning C．Patience D．Safety
4．If you are in a party and are not sure whether everyone “speaks football”, think about talking about another_________of your weekend.
A．element B．day C．person D．party
5．It is influencing his business in a positive way, bringing awareness and ______ to the store as well as spreading positive energy throughout the community.
A．profits B．stability C．attention D．benefits
6．He was very dirty and obviously very hungry. He asked me for some ________ to buy a little food. As I was pulling out some, I had an idea.
A．budget B．change C．charge D．payment
7．A few weeks later he informed me that be had received the from his principal to get postcards signed by the kids at his school and developed an action plan.
A．invitation B．prize C．service D．permission
8．Derwydd told the tense experience, stating, “We realized we needed to act quickly to ensure the safety of the trapped ewes. The small piece of land they were on was reducing rapidly, and the _____ was increasing.”
A．curiosity B．conflict C．crisis D．attraction
二、语法填空
9．The ministry will state a 14th five-year plan on urban and rural living environment planning and take (measure) to bring eco-environment, construction and social and cultural environment into line while promoting green development of regions and cities. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．It does not matter on the absolute (weigh). (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．Since its founding in 2004, the cultural fair has seen a continuous (expand) in its exhibition scale, visitor number and degree of internationalization. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．Among 15 major (category), urban, western and eastern fantasy, gaming, and science fiction emerged as the five most popular types among overseas readers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．Shanghai is located in the east coast of the mid-latitude land mass; therefore, warm and cold air-current is a frequent (visit). (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．Many commented that they were inspired by the (combine) of traditional culture and modern music and loved how it captured the essence of both forms of art. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．The Confucius Institute also organized workshops, such as calligraphy, painting, tea art, cultural (perform) and food tasting, to showcase traditional Chinese culture in an all-round way and to build a platform for people-to-people and cultural exchanges between China and Slovenia. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．The term “stooper” was coined in the US after a lot of people put their used or underused (belong) in front of their doorsteps to be taken away for free by those in need. （所给词的适当形式填空）
17．The (benefit) of exercise are endless: a healthier body together with a slimmer figure and a happier mood. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．The giant torchbearer, with a new name “Wave Rider”, made a return (appear) for the closing ceremony in Hangzhou Olympic Sports Centre Stadium, which is referred to as the “Big Lotus”. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．Created in 2010, Chinese Language Day was designated to celebrate multilingualism and cultural (diverse), and promote the equal use of the six official languages within the United Nations. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20．Most of them are ordinary workers from different industries who only started working out after their (retire). (所给词的适当形式填空)
21．Although sky well buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they have often been forgotten by people who prefer modern (facility). (所给词的适当形式填空)
22．The volunteer team performed operas and traditional music in Hotan and Kashgar. Local (art) also performed Uygur dance and music. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23．Sha Xiaolan, chief director of the ceremony, said the show also extended heartfelt gratitude to all the volunteers whose (contribute) have been important in the success of the Games. (所给词的适当形式填空)
三、选词填空
But Ahmed Alwan, the of a convenience store, decided to play a game with his shoppers: they can get their and more at absolutely no charge just for correctly answering a math problem.
24．A．cashier B．owner C．customer D．employee
25．A．treats B．money C．snacks D．gifts
四、翻译
26．良好的沟通能避免许多误解，增进人与人之间的关系。(汉译英)
.
27．她凭借出色的领导能力和团队合作精神成为了项目负责人。(汉译英)
.
28．老师的耐心和鼓励对学生的成长起着至关重要的作用。(汉译英)
.
29．这次会议的目的是讨论新产品的推广方案，大家各抒己见。(汉译英)
.
30．传统节日承载着丰富的文化内涵，值得我们传承下去。(汉译英)
.
31．城市的快速扩张带来了住房短缺等诸多问题。(汉译英)
.
32．成功的关键在于不断学习新知识并保持积极的态度。(汉译英)
.
33．环境保护是当今全球面临的重大问题之一，需要每个人的努力。(汉译英)
.
34．他在音乐领域展现出了极高的天赋，赢得了众多奖项。(汉译英)
.
35．这家博物馆收藏了许多珍贵的文物，吸引着来自世界各地的参观者。 (汉译英)
.
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
答案 B C B A C B D C
1．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我几乎要为青春的美好以及它对地球产生积极影响的力量而落泪。A. promise承诺；B. power力量；C. imagination想象力；D. innocence无辜。根据后文“of youth to make a positive impact on the Earth”指青春有着去对地球产生积极影响的力量。故选B。
2．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的二十年里，我指导过成千上万的人。我听过很多次这样的问题：“我怎样才能让我的老板/同事把我当作团队的一员？”A. assumptions假定，假设；B. options选择；C. questions问题，疑问；D. suggestions建议。根据“How can I get my boss/colleague to treat me like I am part of the team ”可知，很多被“我”指导的人会提出这样一个问题。故选C。
3．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我走进收容所的猫咪区，当我的脚步声在走廊里回响时，我看到所有猫咪的耳朵都转了过来。然后我被一个笼子吸引住了，笼子上用红色记号笔写着一条很大的信息：“警告，它会咬人！” A. Proposal提议、建议；B. Warning警告、警示；C. Patience耐心；D. Safety安全。根据后文“He Bites!”指写着会咬人的警告。故选B。
4．A
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你在一个聚会上，不确定是否每个人都在“说足球”，那就考虑谈谈你周末的另一件事。A. element元素、方面；B. day天；C. person人；D. party聚会。分析句子可知，此处语境是说当不确定大家是否都对足球话题感兴趣时，换个周末里的其他方面来聊，比如周末做的其他有意思的事等，“element” 能很好地体现出周末包含的不同组成部分、不同可聊的方面，符合语境要求。故选A项。
5．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它正在以积极的方式影响着他的生意，既给这家商店带来了知名度，也带来了关注，同时还在整个社区传播着正能量。A. profits利润；B. stability稳定性；C. attention关注；D. benefits利益。根据上文“It is influencing his business in a positive way, bringing awareness and”可知，活动给商店带来了知名度，让更多人开始关注这家商店了。故选C。
6．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他浑身脏兮兮的，显然饿坏了。他向我要零钱买一点食物。当我抽出一些的时候，我有了一个主意。A. budget预算，侧重对一段时间内资金使用的计划安排；B. change零钱，指找零而给出的硬币或小额纸币；C. charge费用，侧重于收费、要价；D. payment付款，支付，强调的是一种支付行为或支付的款项。根据“to buy a little food”可知，他是想向别人要一些零钱去买一点食物。故选B。
7．D
【详解】考查名词。句意：几周后，他告诉我，他已经从他的校长那里得到了批准，去获取由他学校的孩子们签名的明信片，并制定了一个行动计划。A. invitation邀请；B. prize奖品、奖赏；C. service服务；D. permission许可、批准。根据“from his principal to get postcards signed by the kids at his school and developed an action plan.”可知，只有先从校长那里得到了许可，才有资格、被允许去获取孩子们签名的明信片并制定相应计划。故选D。
8．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：德韦思讲述了那次紧张的经历，说道：“我们意识到需要迅速采取行动，以确保被困母羊的安全。它们所在的那一小块陆地正在迅速缩小，而且危机正在加剧。”A. curiosity好奇心；B. conflict冲突；C. crisis危机；D. attraction吸引力。根据“We realized we needed to act quickly to ensure the safety of the trapped ewes.”可知，上文提到母羊所在的小块陆地在迅速缩小，这使得母羊面临着愈发严峻的危险局面，也就是危机在不断加剧。故选C。
9．measures
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：该部门将出台一项关于城乡居住环境规划的“十四五”规划，并采取措施使生态环境、建设以及社会文化环境协调一致，同时推动区域和城市的绿色发展。take measures是固定短语，意为“采取措施”。故填measures。
10．weight
【详解】考查名词。句意：绝对重量并不重要。根据空前“the absolute”可知，空处应用名词作介词on的宾语，所给词weigh是动词，其名词形式为weight“重量”，不可数名词。故填weight。
11．expansion
【详解】考查名词。句意：自 2004 年创办以来，这个文化博览会在展览规模、参观人数以及国际化程度方面都不断扩大。作动词的宾语，应用名词expansion，不定冠词提示用单数。故填expansion。
12．categories
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在15个主要类别中，都市、西方奇幻、东方奇幻、游戏以及科幻这几类成为了在海外读者中最受欢迎的 5 种类型。category是可数名词，意为“类别；种类”，根据空前的“15 major”可知，这里需要用其复数形式 categories来表示多个类别。故填categories。
13．visitor
【详解】考查名词。句意：上海位于中纬度大陆东海岸，因此，冷暖气流频繁光顾。本空作表语，用其名词形式visitor，表示“来访者，访客”，根据空前的a可知，用单数形式，故填 visitor。
14．combination
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多人评论说，他们受到了传统文化与现代音乐相结合的启发，并且很喜欢这种方式是如何抓住这两种艺术形式的精髓的。作介词的宾语，应用名词combination，短语the combination of表示“……的结合”。故填combination。
15．performances
【详解】考查名词。句意：孔子学院还组织了诸如书法、绘画、茶艺、文化表演以及美食品尝等各类工作坊，全方位展示中国传统文化，并为中国和斯洛文尼亚之间的人文交流搭建平台。作介词的宾语，应用名词performance，此处应用复数形式表示泛指。故填performances。
16．belongings
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：“stoop”一词是在美国创造的，因为很多人把他们使用过或未充分利用的物品放在家门口，然后被有需要的人免费带走。空处作宾语，名词belonging“所有物”符合题意，该词常用复数形式。故填belongings。
17．benefits
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：锻炼的益处是无穷无尽的：拥有更健康的身体、更苗条的身材以及更愉悦的心情。根据句中的are可知，主语应该是复数形式。benefit作名词时，意为 “益处；好处”，其复数形式是 benefits。故填 benefits。
18．appearance
【详解】考查名词。句意：名为“弄潮儿”的巨型火炬手在被称为“大莲花”的杭州奥体中心体育场的闭幕式上再次亮相。return 在这里是形容词，意为“再次的；又一次的”，其后需要接名词。appear是动词，意为 “出现；露面”，其名词形式是appearance，表示“出现；露面；亮相”等意思，make a return appearance表示“再次亮相”，符合句子语境要求。故填appearance。
19．diversity
【详解】考查名词。句意：汉语日设立于 2010 年，目的是庆祝语言的多样性和文化的多元性，并促进联合国六种官方语言的平等使用。作动词的宾语，应用名词diversity，短语cultural diversity表示“文化多样性”。故填diversity。
20．retirement
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们中的大多数人是来自不同行业的普通工人，他们是在退休后才开始健身锻炼的。after是介词，其后要接名词retirement，作宾语，不可数。故填retirement。
21．facilities
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管天井式建筑在中国已经存在了数百年，但近年来，它们常常被那些更喜欢现代设施的人们所遗忘。facility为可数名词，表示泛指用复数形式，故填facilities。
22．artists
【详解】考查名词。句意：志愿者团队在和田和喀什表演了戏曲和传统音乐。当地的艺术家们也表演了维吾尔族舞蹈和音乐。根据后面的谓语动词performed(表演)可知，此处需要填表示人的名词作主语，art是名词，意为“艺术”，其表示“艺术家”的名词形式是artist，又因为前面提到Local(当地的)，说明不止一个艺术家，所以要用复数形式 artists。故填artists。
23．contributions
【详解】考查名词。句意：开幕式总导演沙晓岚表示，这场演出也向所有志愿者表达了衷心的感谢，他们的贡献对于奥运会的成功举办起到了重要作用。作从句的主语，应用名词contribution，根据从句中谓语动词have been可知主语应该用复数形式，故填contributions。
24．B 25．C
【解析】24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但一家便利店的老板Ahmed Alwan决定和他的顾客玩一个游戏：只要正确回答一道数学题，他们就可以免费得到零食和更多东西。A. cashier收银员；B. owner 店主；C. customer顾客；D. employee员工。根据后文的“decided to play a game with his shoppers”可知，此处指便利店的店主Ahmed Alwan决定与他的顾客玩一个游戏。故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但一家便利店的老板Ahmed Alwan决定和他的顾客玩一个游戏：只要正确回答一道数学题，他们就可以免费得到零食和更多东西。A. treats款待，招待；B. money钱；C. snacks小吃，零食；D. gifts礼物。根据前文“a convenience store”可知，此处指顾客通过玩游戏可以获得一些奖励，snacks“小吃，零食”更符合便利店的游戏奖励场景。故选C。
26．Good communication can avoid many misunderstandings and enhance relationships among people.
【详解】考查动词和名词。“良好的沟通”为good communication，作主语，句首单词首字母大写。“能避免”为 can avoid ，作谓语。“许多误解”为many misunderstandings，作宾语。“增进” enhance ，与avoid并列作谓语。“人与人之间的关系”为relationships among people，作宾语。故翻译为Good communication can avoid many misunderstandings and enhance relationships among people.
27．She has become the project leader by virtue of her excellent leadership skills and teamwork spirit.
【详解】考查时态和介词短语。主语为she；表示“成为”用动词become；表示“项目负责人”为the project leader，用定冠词the特指；表示“凭借……”应用by virtue of；表示“出色的领导能力”为excellent leadership skills；表示“团队合作精神”短语为teamwork spirit。表示过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。故翻译为She has become the project leader by virtue of her excellent leadership skills and teamwork spirit.
28．Teachers’ patience and encouragement play a crucial role in students’ growth.
【详解】考查名词、时态、固定短语、形容词。表示“老师的耐心和鼓励”用teachers’ patience and encouragement，作主语，句首单词首字母大写。表示“在……方面发挥作用”用固定短语play a role in，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语用动词原形；表示“至关重要的”用形容词crucial，作前置定语，修饰role。表示“学生的成长”用students’ growth，作宾语。故翻译为Teachers’ patience and encouragement play a crucial role in students’ growth.。
29．The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the promotion plan for new products, and everyone expresses their opinions.
【详解】考查动词和名词。句子描述客观情况用一般现在时；“这次会议的目的”翻译为the purpose of the meeting，作主语；“是”用be动词is；“讨论”用动词discuss，表示“目的是讨论……”，应该用不定式形式to discuss作表语；“新产品的推广方案”翻译为the promotion plan for new products；“这次会议的目的是讨论新产品的推广方案”翻译为The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the promotion plan for new products；“大家”翻译为everyone，作主语；“各抒己见”翻译为express their opinions，主语是everyone，express用三单形式；“大家各抒己见”翻译为everyone expresses their opinions。两个句子是并列关系，所以用and连词。故整句翻译为The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the promotion plan for new products, and everyone expresses their opinions.
30．Traditional festivals carry rich cultural connotations and are worthy of our inheritance.
【详解】考查动词短语、时态和形容词短语。主语“传统节日”用名词短语traditional festivals，谓语“承载”用动词carry，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，且主语为复数名词，所以谓语用原形carry，“丰富的文化内涵”作宾语，译为rich cultural connotations，并列谓语“值得”用短语be worthy of，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，主语为复数名词，系动词用复数形式are，“我们传承下去”作宾语，译为our inheritance。综上，全句译为：Traditional festivals carry rich cultural connotations and are worthy of our inheritance.
31．The rapid expansion of the city has brought about many problems such as housing shortage.
【详解】考查时态、短语和名词短语。主语部分“城市的快速扩张”译为the rapid expansion of the city；谓语“带来”用动词短语bring about，强调动作对现在的影响，使用现在完成时，且主语expansion为不可数名词，谓语用单数形式has brought about；宾语“住房短缺等诸多问题”译为many problems such as housing shortage，其中“住房短缺”用housing shortage表示，作为例子用介词短语such as连接。故翻译为：The rapid expansion of the city has brought about many problems such as housing shortage.
32．The key to success lies in constantly learning new knowledge and maintaining a positive attitude.
【详解】考查名词、副词、短语和动名词。表示“成功的关键”应用“The key to success”，句首单词首字母大写；表示“在于”应用固定短语“lies in”，与主语保持一致，变成第三人称单数；表示“不断学习新知识”应用“continuously learning new knowledge”；表示“保持积极的态度”应用“maintaining a positive attitude”；动名词短语并列作宾语。故翻译为The key to success lies in constantly learning new knowledge and maintaining a positive attitude.
33．Environmental protection is one of the major issues facing the whole world nowadays, which requires everyone’s efforts.
【详解】考查名词、动词和定语从句。句子在陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，表示“环境保护”应用名词短语Environmental protection，句首单词首字母大写；表示“是”应用is，与主语保持一致，用第三人称单数；表示“重大问题之一”应用one of the major issues；表示“全球面临的”应用facing the whole world，可处理为修饰issues的定语，动词face和issues之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词；表示“当今”应用nowadays；表示“需要每个人的努力”应用require everyone’s efforts，作定语，指代整个主句内容，从句缺主语，可用which引导非限制性定语从句，主句看成一个整体，谓语动词require变成requires，用单数形式。故翻译为Environmental protection is one of the major issues facing the whole world nowadays, which requires everyone’s efforts.
34．He has shown extraordinary talent in the field of music and won numerous awards.
【详解】考查动词短语、形容词、名词和时态。句子描述某人已经取得的天赋和成就，用现在完成时；主语“他”是he，放在句首首字母大写；表示“展现出了极高的天赋”应用动词短语show extraordinary talent，助动词使用has，show的过去分词形式为shown，其中extraordinary“极高的，非凡的”是形容词，作定语修饰名词talent“天赋”；表示“在音乐领域”应用介词短语in the field of music；表示“赢得了众多奖项”应用win numerous awards，win“赢得”是动词，与shown并列，用and连接，用过去分词形式shown，numerous“众多的”是形容词，awards“奖项”是名词，表示众多奖项，使用复数形式表示泛指。故翻译为He has shown extraordinary talent in the field of music and won numerous awards.
35．This museum has collected a large number of precious cultural relics, attracting visitors from all over the world.
【详解】考查名词短语及现在分词。分析句子，这个句子中存在两个动词，一个是“收藏”，一个是“吸引”，可以将收藏当做谓语，吸引当做非谓语来处理。“许多珍贵的文物”翻译成a large number of precious cultural relics，故主句可翻译为This museum has collected a large number of precious cultural relic；“吸引”和它的逻辑主语，也就是主句之间呈主动关系，应该使用现在分词的形式。“世界各地的参观者”翻译为visitors from all over the world。故整句翻译为This museum has collected a large number of precious cultural relics, attracting visitors from all over the world.
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