专题--名词辨析 基础练 2026年高考英语复习备考

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题--名词辨析 专项练
2026年高考英语复习备考
一、名词辨析单项选择
1．Having seen my first short film, my teacher came over, saying: “You got a good eye . Why not consider doing this as your profession. I think you've got a________ in it".
A．future B．memory C．schedule D．certificate
2．It’s not easy to set ________, give consequences, and stay consistent as a parent. Moreover, your child isn’t going to show appreciation to you for doing it.
A．performances B．limits C．shows D．difficulties
3．Although the progress seemed substantial, I realized the key to growth as an artist is to never be _________ .This allows me to create progressively better work year after year.
A．self-conscious B．self-reliant C．self-centered D．self-content
4．Gradually, I gained enough _______ to start taking photos of other people, greatly touched by how I was able to bring out the best in them through the lens (镜头).
A．knowledge B．integrity C．confidence D．insight
5．Nearly 9 years ago, when the news reported that there would be storms coming that night, I was well aware of the ______of it.
A．phenomenon B．benefit C．effort D．threat
6．We have to teach and guide them how to behave appropriately in each _________.
A．decision B．position C．situation D．demand
7．For four years, I attended G-Star School of The Arts, where my ______ for photography and filmmaking were awaken.
A．duties B．requests C．passions D．needs
8．I heard the ________ of nails being pulled out of wall, glass breaking, and then the most frightening sound I had ever heard.
A．sound B．song C．news D．alarm
9．Let’s face it — parenting is often a thankless job. Before we have kids, most of us have unrealistic _________ of what it’s going to become a parent.
A．responses B．trusts C．potentials D．expectations
二、名词辨析语法填空
10．“He saved my (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don’t know how to thank him.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．In recent years, with the rise in (popular) of the guochao trends, contemporary artists have transformed Dunhuang’s age-old art into creative cultural products that attract young consumers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．The CunBA drums up a special kind of emotion and (excite) among spectators (观众). (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．Morocco, Portugal and Spain are combined applicants to host most of the (match), while Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina are targeted to host kickoff games respectively to begin the 2030 World Cup. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries, illustrating its widespread (recognize) and application. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the (invite). (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (event). （所给词的适当形式填空）
17．But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists.(所给词的适当形式填空)
20．When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the (open). (所给词的适当形式填空)
21．（2022全国乙卷）As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. （所给词的适当形式填空）
22．（2022年全国甲卷） Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental (protect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
23．The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24．Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. (所给词的适当形式填空)
三、翻译
25．这座古老的庙宇不仅是一座建筑杰作，更是历史文化的瑰宝，它见证了这个地区数百年的沧桑变迁。(汉译英)
.
26．他提出的理论在当时被认为是荒谬的，但多年后却被证明是具有前瞻性的，这充分说明了创新思维的重要性。(汉译英)
.
27．只有通过不断地实践和反思，我们才能逐渐提高自己的语言表达能力，从而在交流中更加自信和流畅。(汉译英)
.
28．这位著名的科学家一生致力于探索宇宙的奥秘，他的奉献精神和杰出成就激励着无数年轻人投身科学事业。(汉译英)
.
29．尽管他已经为这次考试做了充分的准备，但在考场上他仍然感到紧张，这严重影响了他的发挥。（汉译英）
.
30．随着互联网的迅速发展，人们获取信息的方式发生了巨大的变化，这对教育领域产生了深远的影响。(汉译英)
.
31．正是由于他缺乏自律，他才多次未能实现自己的目标，这一点让他的父母非常担忧。(汉译英)
.
32．在这个竞争激烈的社会，拥有多种技能的人往往更有可能获得理想的工作。(汉译英)
.
33．他如此全神贯注于那本引人入胜的小说，以至于没有注意到妈妈已经走进房间。(汉译英)
.
34．在这个快节奏的现代生活中，人们往往容易忽略内心的情感需求，而这可能会导致各种心理问题的产生。(汉译英)
.
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
答案 A B D C D C C A D
1．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看过我的第一部短片后，我的老师走过来，说道：“你很有眼光。为什么不考虑把这当作你的职业呢？我觉得你在这方面（影视制作方面）很有前途。”A. future未来；B. memory记忆；C. schedule计划表；D. certificate证书；分析句意可知，此处用短语have a future in表示在……方面有前途，符合老师鼓励学生，认为其在摄影、电影制作领域有发展前景的语境。故选A项。
2．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为父母，设定界限、给出相应后果并始终保持一致并不容易。而且，你的孩子并不会因为你做了这些事而对你表示感激。A. performances表现；B. limits界限；C. shows展示；D. difficulties困难。根据后文“Moreover, your child isn’t going to show appreciation to you for doing it.(而且，你的孩子并不会因为你做了这些事而对你表示感激)”可知，指给孩子设定界限，“set limits”意为 “设定界限”，符合此处语境中父母在教育孩子时需要去做的事，即给孩子设定一些行为等方面的界限。故选B。
3．D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管进步看起来颇为显著，但我意识到作为一名艺术家，成长的关键在于永远不要自我满足。这能让我年复一年创作出越来越好的作品。A. self-conscious自我意识过强的；害羞的，强调的是对自己过于在意、难为情等状态，与艺术家追求成长、不断进步的语境不符，所以A选项不正确；B. self-reliant自力更生的；依靠自己的，主要侧重于依靠自身能力做事，和此处关于不能陷入某种不利于成长的状态的语境不契合，所以B选项不符合题意；C. self-centered以自我为中心的，侧重指人只考虑自己，不顾及他人等情况，与艺术家持续提升创作水平的话题不相关，所以C选项不合适；D. self-content自满的；自我满足的，文中提到虽然有了明显进步，但艺术家成长的关键是不能自满，这样才能不断创作出更好的作品，符合语境表达的意思，所以D选项正确。故选D。
4．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我获得了足够的信心开始拍摄其他人，被我能通过镜头让他们展现出最好的一面深深打动。A. knowledge知识；B. integrity正直；C. confidence信心；D. insight洞察力。此处表达的是通过拍摄逐渐积累和获得的信心，因此选confidence“信心”，符合题意。故选C。
5．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：将近9年前，当新闻报道那天晚上会有暴风雨来临时，我很清楚其威胁。A. phenomenon现象；B. benefit好处；C. effort努力；D. threat威胁。结合语境可知暴风雨的来临会带来威胁，因此应选择threat。故选D。
6．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们必须教导和指导他们在每种情境下如何适当行为。A. decision决策；B. position位置；C. situation情境，情况；D. demand需求。此处表示指导人们在不同的情境或情况中如何行为得当。situation表示“情境，情况”，符合题意，故选C。
7．C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：四年来，我就读于G-Star艺术学校，在那里我对摄影和电影制作的热情被唤醒了。A. duties职责，义务；B. requests请求，要求；C. passions热情，激情；D. needs需要，必要。根据空后for photography and filmmaking were awaken可知，空处应用passions，构成固定短语passion for...，意为“对…… 的热情”，指对艺术创作的热情，符合语境。故选C。
8．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我听到了钉子从墙上被拔出的声音、玻璃破碎的声音，然后是我曾听过的最可怕的声音。A. sound声音；B. song闹钟；C. news新闻；消息；D. alarm歌曲。根据空后and then the most frightening sound可知，空处为钉子从墙上被拔出的声音、玻璃破碎的声音，应用sound。故选A。
9．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我们面对现实吧——为人父母常常是一件吃力不讨好的工作。在我们有孩子之前，我们大多数人对成为父母的期望都是不切实际的。A. responses回应，反应；B. trusts信任，信赖；C. potentials潜力，潜能；D. expectations期望，期待。根据“Let’s face it — parenting is often a thankless job. Before we have kids”可知，在有孩子之前人们往往会对成为父母有一些不切实际的期望。故选D。
10．son’s
【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：“他救了我儿子的命，”布朗太太说。我不知道该如何感谢他。”此处life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
11．popularity
【详解】考查名词。句意：近年来，随着国潮潮流受欢迎程度的提升，当代艺术家们已经把敦煌古老的艺术转变成了吸引年轻消费者的创意文化产品。作介词in的宾语，应用名词popularity。故填popularity。
12．excitement
【详解】考查名词。句意：村 BA（乡村篮球联赛）在观众中激起了一种特别的情感和兴奋之情。此处需要一个名词与前面的 emotion并列，作动词的宾语，excite其名词为excitement。故填excitement。
13．matches
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：摩洛哥、葡萄牙和西班牙联合申请举办大部分比赛，而乌拉圭、巴拉圭和阿根廷则计划分别举办 2030年世界杯的开幕赛。match为可数名词，根据前面most of...可知，这里指的是多数比赛，所以要用复数形式。故填matches。
14．recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意：根据世卫组织2019年的一份报告，在其120个成员国中，有113个国家使用针灸，这表明针灸得到了广泛的认可和应用。作宾语，与后面的application并列，应用不可数名词recognition。故填recognition。
15．invitation
【详解】考查名词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，invite的名词为invitation意为“邀请”，结合句意可知，此处表示的是特指的某次邀请，所以此处应使用名词单数形式。故填invitation。
16．events
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。
17．wonders
【详解】考查名词。句意：但除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。根据形容词“architectural”可知，空处需填名词作介词with的宾语，wonder作名词，表示“奇迹，奇观”，是可数名词，此处表示21世纪的众多建筑奇迹，故用名词复数。故填wonders。
18．warning
【详解】考查名词。句意：传统寓言的主题通常涉及日常生活中的简单事实。然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更沉重的警告。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词warning，作表语。故填warning。
19．interviews
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，设空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。
20．opening
【详解】考查名词。句意：当风从天井式房屋上方吹过时，它能够通过开口进入室内空间。此处根据定冠词“the”以及句子结构可知需要一个名词作介词“through”的宾语，“open”是形容词，意为“开着的；打开的”，其名词形式“opening”表示“开口；孔；通道”等意思，符合语境要求。故填opening。
21．responsibility
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为国际茶日的主要推动者，茶的发源地和最大产茶国，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据前文不定冠词a可知，此处应用其名词单数形式作宾语。故填responsibility。
22．protection
【详解】考查名词。句意：Cao和Wu还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和前文promote environmental可知，此处应用其名词形式protection，作动词宾语，此处protection为不可数名词。故填protection。
23．populations
【详解】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
24．arrival
【详解】考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，为不可数名词。故填arrival。
25．This ancient temple is not only a masterpiece of architecture, but also a treasure of history and culture. It has witnessed the vicissitudes of this region for hundreds of years.
【详解】考查时态和短语。“这座古老的庙宇不仅是一座建筑杰作，更是历史文化的瑰宝”在陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，且为主系表结构。“这座古老的庙宇”为this ancient temple ，作主语。“一座建筑杰作”为a masterpiece of architecture；“历史文化的瑰宝”为a treasure of history and culture；“不仅是……更是”为 not only...but also。“它见证了这个地区数百年的沧桑变迁”在陈述过去动作对现在的影响，为现在完成时。“见证”为witness；“这个地区数百年的沧桑变迁”为the vicissitudes this region for hundreds of years。故翻译为：This ancient temple is not only a masterpiece of architecture, but also a treasure of history and culture. It has witnessed the vicissitudes of this region for hundreds of years.
26．The theory he proposed was regarded as absurd at that time, but it was proved to be forward-looking years later, which fully illustrates the importance of innovative thinking.
【详解】考查短语和定语从句。表示“他提出的理论”可以表述为定语从句修饰先行词theory，作宾语可以省略引导词that/which，句子描述的事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，为The theory he proposed；表示“被认为是”短语为be regarded as，be动词用was；表示“荒谬的”为形容词absurd；表示“在当时”短语为at that time；“但”用but表示转折关系，表示“被证明……”句型为it be proved to，为一般过去时的被动语态；表示“具有前瞻性的”为be forward-looking；表示“多年后”为years later；后跟非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which引导；表示“充分说明”为fully illustrate，陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“创新思维的重要性”为the importance of innovative thinking。故翻译为The theory he proposed was regarded as absurd at that time, but it was proved to be forward-looking years later, which fully illustrates the importance of innovative thinking.
27．Only through continuous practice and reflection can we gradually improve our language expression ability, and thus become more confident and fluent in communication.
【详解】考查倒装句和短语。表示“只有通过不断地实践和反思”为only through continuous practice and reflection，位于句首需用部分倒装，将情态动词can提到主语we之前；表示“逐渐”为副词gradually；表示“提高自己的语言表达能力”为improve our language expression ability；与improve并列，用and连接，表示“从而”用副词thus，表示“在交流中更加自信和流畅”为become more confident and fluent in communication。故翻译为Only through continuous practice and reflection can we gradually improve our language expression ability, and thus become more confident and fluent in communication.
28．This famous scientist dedicated his life to exploring the mysteries of the universe, and his dedication and outstanding achievements have inspired countless young people to engage in scientific undertakings.
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“这位著名的科学家”为this famous scientist，作主语；表示“一生致力于”短语为dedicate one’s life to doing sth.，为一般过去时；表示“探索宇宙的奥秘”为动名词短语exploring the mysteries of the universe；and连接并列句，表示“他的奉献精神和杰出成就”为his dedication and outstanding achievements；表示“激励某人做某事”为inspire sb. to do sth.，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，为现在完成时；表示“无数年轻人”为countless young people；表示“投身科学事业”为engage in scientific undertakings。故翻译为This famous scientist dedicated his life to exploring the mysteries of the universe, and his dedication and outstanding achievements have inspired countless young people to engage in scientific undertakings.
29．Although he had made full preparations for the exam, he still felt nervous in the examination room, which seriously affected his performance.
【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。表示“在考场上他仍然感到紧张”为主句，表示“感到”为feel，结合句意，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词为felt，表示“紧张”为nervous作表语，表示“在考场上”为in the examination room，所以主句译为he still felt nervous in the examination room；表示“尽管他已经为这次考试做了充分的准备”为although引导的让步状语从句，表示“为……做了充分的准备”为make full preparations for，从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前，所以从句中的谓语使用过去完成时，所以谓语动词为had made，表示“考试”为the exam，所以状语从句译为although he had made full preparations for the exam，句首单词首字母大写；表示“这严重影响了他的发挥”为定语从句，对上文的内容进行解释，所以使用非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句内容，在定语从句中作主语，所以使用which引导非限制性定语从句，表示“影响”为affect，与主句时态一致，应为一般过去时，所以谓语动词为affected，表示“严重”为seriously作状语修饰affected，表示“他的发挥”为his performance作宾语，所以定语从句译为which seriously affected his performance。故翻译为Although he had made full preparations for the exam, he still felt nervous in the examination room, which seriously affected his performance.
30．With the rapid development of the Internet, the way people obtain information has undergone tremendous changes, which has had a profound impact on the field of education.
【详解】考查短语和定语从句。表示“随着互联网的迅速发展”短语为with the rapid development of the Internet；表示“方式”用名词the way，后跟省略关系词的定语从句，表示“人们获取信息的方式”翻译为the way people obtain information；表示“发生了巨大的变化”为undergo tremendous changes，表示过去的动作对现在产生影响用现在完成时；后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which；表示“对……产生了深远的影响”短语为have a profound impact on，为现在完成时；表示“教育领域”为the field of education。故翻译为With the rapid development of the Internet, the way people obtain information has undergone tremendous changes, which has had a profound impact on the field of education.
31．It is precisely because of his lack of self-discipline that he has failed to achieve his goals on many occasions, which makes his parents very worried.
【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。此处为强调句：it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他，表示“正是”应用副词precisely，表示“由于他缺乏自律”翻译为because of his lack of self-discipline，为被强调部分，故用that，为一般现在时；主语为he；表示“未能”短语为fail to do sth.，表示过去的动作对现在产生影响用现在完成时；表示“实现自己的目标”为achieve his goals；表示“多次”为on many occasions；后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which；表示“让某人非常担忧”短语为make sb. very worried，为一般现在时；表示“他的父母”为his parents。故翻译为It is precisely because of his lack of self-discipline that he has failed to achieve his goals on many occasions, which makes his parents very worried.
32．In this highly competitive society, people with a variety of skills tend to be more likely to obtain desirable jobs.
【详解】考查名词、固定短语、时态、非谓语动词。表示“在这个竞争激烈的社会”用in this highly competitive society，作状语，句首单词首字母大写。表示“人们”用people，作主语。表示“拥有多种技能的”用with a variety of skills。表示“倾向于”用tend to，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语people为复数，谓语用动词原形。表示“更有可能做某事”用be more likely to do sth.，位于不定式符号to后，be用原形。表示“获得”用obtain，位于不定式符号to后，obtain用原形。表示“工作”用job，工作不止一个，用复数形式，作obtain的宾语。表示“理想的”用desirable，作前置定语，修饰名词jobs。故翻译为In this highly competitive society, people with a variety of skills tend to be more likely to obtain desirable jobs.
33．He was so absorbed in the fascinating novel that he didn’t notice his mother had entered the room.
【详解】考查短语、时态、宾语从句和状语从句。“如此……以至于……”用短语so...that...，引导结果状语从句；“全神贯注于”用短语be absorbed in；“引人入胜的小说”翻译为fascinating novel；“注意到”用动词notice，后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接词that或省略。“走进房间”翻译为enter the room。主句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。动词enter发生在过去动作notice之前，所以用过去完成时。故翻译为He was so absorbed in the fascinating novel that he didn’t notice his mother had entered the room.
34．In this fast-paced modern life, people tend to easily overlook their inner emotional needs, which may lead to the emergence of various psychological problems.
【详解】考查介词短语、动词短语、定语从句和情态动词。分析句子可知，描述现代生活中的一种普遍现象，用一般现在时；表示“在这个快节奏的现代生活中”应用介词短语in this fast-paced modern life，作状语；表示“人们往往容易忽略内心的情感需求”应用动词短语tend to overlook inner emotional needs，其中tend to“倾向于；常常会”是动词短语，overlook“忽略”是动词，inner emotional needs“内心的情感需求”是名词短语；表示“而这可能会导致各种心理问题的产生”应用非限制性定语从句which may lead to the emergence of various psychological problems，其中which指代前面整个句子内容，作主语，lead to“导致”是动词短语，the emergence of“……的产生”是名词短语，various psychological problems“各种心理问题”是名词短语。故翻译为In this fast-paced modern life, people tend to easily overlook their inner emotional needs, which may lead to the emergence of various psychological problems.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)