安徽省六安市舒城中学2015-2016学年高二下学期 英语导学案：过去分词专题 无答案

专题一
学习语法规则
过去分词
一、概说
英语分词分现在分词和过去分词。规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词没有特别规则，需特别记忆。过去分词是非谓语动词
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"_blank )的一种，它一方面具有动词性质，可以有自己的状语，另一方面又具有形容词和副词功能，可用作定语和状语等。
二、过去分词的句法功能
1. 作表语
Please
be
seated. 请坐好。
The
window
was
broken. 窗户破了。
2. 作定语
She
is
a
trained
nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。
All
these
are
required
subjects. 所有这些都是必修课。
注：(1) 单个的分词作定语可以置于被修饰词语之前，但若是分词短语作定语则应置于被修饰名词之后：
She
bought
a
computer
produced
in China. 她买了一台中国生产的电脑。
3. 作状语
分词作状语可以表示多种关系：
(1) 表时间：
The
work
finished,
he
went
home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。
表原因：
His
car
broken
down,
he
had
to
walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。
Much
discouraged，she
moved
on
to
London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。
(3) 表条件：
United,
we
stand;
divided,
we
fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
Given
more
time,
we
could
have
done
it
better. 如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。
(4) 表让步：
Defeated,
he
remained
a
popular
boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
(5) 表方式：
I’m
returning
you
letter
as
requested. 我按要求给你退信。
(6) 表伴随：
He
came
in,
followed
by
his
wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。
(7) 表结果：
It
rained
and
rained
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
vehicles
bogged
and
bridges
washed
out. 雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去。
4.
作宾语补足语
(1)
过去分词用在表状态的动词have,
make,
get,
keep,
leave等的后面。
Keep
your
mouth
shut
and
your
eyes
open.
(谚语：少说多看）
Don't
leave
such
an
important
thing
undone.
(2)
过去分词用在感观动词watch,
notice,
see,
hear,
listen
to,
feel,
find等后面。如
He
felt
himself
cheated.
The
managers
discusse
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
the
plan
that
they
would
like
to
see
carried
out
the
next
year.
(3)过去分词用在want,
wish,
like
,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如
The
boss
wouldn't
like
the
problem
discussed
at
the
moment.
I
would
like
my
house
painted
white.
(4) 过去分词用在“with
+宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：
The
thief
was
brought
in
with
his
hands
tied
behind
his
back.
With
everything
well
arranged,
he
left
the
office.
3. 过去分词一般式的用法
过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式。过去分词在意义上最主要特点是表被动，在时间上它可以表示多种关系：
(1) 表示已经发生的动作：
Born
in
a
poor
family,
he
could
not
go
to
school. 因生于贫穷家庭，他上不起学。
Built
in
1501，the
bridge
is
over
500
years
old. 这座桥建于1501年，已有五百多年的历史。
(2) 表示经常性动作或泛指概论：
He
is
a
man
loved
by
all. 他是一个受大家爱戴的人。
The
woman
talked
about
is
very
rich. 人们经常谈论的那个女人很有钱。
注：the
woman
talked
about也可表示“已被人们谈论过的那个女人”。
(3) 表示与谓动词动词同时(几乎同时)发生的动作：
Asked
why
he
came,
he
kept
silent. 问他为什么要来，他一言不发。
He
came
in,
followed
by
his
secretary. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的秘书。
(4) 表示现在或过去(当时)的状态：
The
murderer
was
brought
in,
his
hands
tied
behind. 凶手被带了进来，双手被绑在后面。
4. 过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别
两者均可表示被动，其区别主要在于它们所表示的时间概念不同(参见以上有关用法)，但有时它们也可表示相同的意思：
Written
in
haste,
the
book
has
many
mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。
Being
written
in
haste,
the
book
has
many
mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。
Having
been
written
i
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haste,
the
book
has
many
mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。
有时虽然所表示的时间概念相同，但有细微区别：
Having
been
show
the
lab,
we
left. 被领着看了实验室后，我们就离开了。
Shown
the
lab,
we
left. 被领着一看完实验室，我们就离开了。(有一种急促感)
过去分词要点
从结构上看，过去分词要比
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )现在分词简单得多，因为过去分词只有一种形式，它既没有完成式，也没有被动式。为什么会这样“简单”呢？因为从意义上看，过去分词本身既可表示完成意义，同时也可表示被动意义——既然自己就身兼数职，可以轻易地搞掂多种用法，所以就不用那么麻烦了。
用法一：表示过去
即表示过去某时已发生的被动动作——由于既有完成的意味，又有被动意味，符合过去分词的基本特征。如：
The
paintings
stolen
from
the
museum
haven’t
been
found. 博物馆失窃的画仍未找到。
根据句意可知，“画被盗”的事已经发生了
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，属于已经完成的过去动作；另一方面，“画”与“偷”之间显然是被动关系，即“画”是“被”偷了，所以它又具有被动意味。
They
found
the
windows
broken. 他们发现窗户给砸碎了。
句中的过去分词broken表示窗户
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“破碎”在先，“发现”这一情况在后，因为先碎了，然后才能被人发现；另一方面“窗户”与“破碎”为被动关系，因为窗户破碎不是窗户自己在搞鬼，而是外界因素所致。
用法二：表示同时
即表示与谓语动词同时(或几乎同时)发生的被动动作。如：
Asked
why
he
came,
he
kept
silent. 问他为什么要来，他一言不发。
句中的过去分词asked一方面表示
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“问”与“他”之间为被动关系，即是别人问他（＝他被别人问），而不是他问别人；另一方面还表示“别人问他”与“他保持沉默”是同时的——当然，我们也可理解为asked要稍稍先于kept一点。不过，这没关系，这样更符合过去分词的基本用法特点。
用法三：表示状态
即现在已经存在的态或过去(当时)的存在的一种被动的状态。如：
The
murderer
was
brought
in,
his
hands
tied
behind. 凶手被带了进来，双手被绑在后面。
句中的过去分词tied表明“他的手”与“绑”之间为被动关系，同时它表明“绑着”这一状态发生在“凶手被带进来”之前
用法四：表示经常性或泛指
过去分词有两个基本特点，一是表示被动
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
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"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )，二是表示完成。但有时也有例外，比如下面的例子，虽然其中的过去分词也表示被动，但它们并不表示完成，而是表示经常性，或不表明具体的时间，带有泛指的意味：
He
is
a
man
loved
by
all. 他是一个受大家爱戴的人。
句中的过去分词loved表示“他”与“爱戴”之间为被动关系，但是它并不表示先后关系。
A
letter
sent
by
airma
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should
arrive
sooner
than
the
one
sent
by
regular
mail. 航空信应该比平信到得快。
句中的两个过去分词sent
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )均用作定语，修饰其前的a
letter和the
one，虽然这里的sent带有被动意味，但是它并不表示完成，而只是陈述一种情况，没有时间的先后关系。
I. 单项选择
1.
____
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )house
on
fire,
he
dialed
119.
A.
To
see
B.
Seeing
C.
Having
seen
D.
Being
seen
2.
I
fell
down
and
broke
three
of
my
teeth.
I
wonder
how
many
times
I
have
to
come
here
and
get
my
false
teeth
____.
A.
fix
B.
fixing
C.
fixed
D.
to
fix
3.
We’re
___
to
listen
to
her
____
voice.
It’s
___　to
hear
her
sing.
A.
pleased;
pleasing;
pleasure
B.
pleased;
pleasant;
a
pleasure
C.
pleasing;
pleased;
a
pleasure
D.
pleasing;
pleasant;
pleasure
4.
___a
post
office,
I
stopped____
some
stamps.
A.
Passed,
buying
B.
Passing,
to
buy
C.
Having
passed,
buy
D.
Pass,
to
buy
5.
____with
the
size
of
the
whole
earth,
the
highest
mountain
does
not
seem
high
at
all.
A.
Comparing
B.
To
compare
C.
Compared
D.
Having
compared
6.
Here
are
some
new
computer
programs
____for
home
buildings.
A.
designing
B.
design
C.
designed
D.
to
design
7.
____a
little
money,
Jimmy
was
able
to
buy
his
mother
a
lovely
new
lamp.
A.
To
save
B.
Saving
C.
Saved
D.
Having
saved
8.
The
teacher
came
into
the
classroom
____by
his
students.
A.
following
B.
to
be
following
C.
followed
D.
having
followed
9.
With
the
money
___,
he
couldn’t
buy
any
ticket.
A.
to
lose
B.
losing
C.
lost
D.
has
lost
10.
There
was
so
much
noise
in
the
room
that
the
speaker
couldn’t
make
himself
____.
A.
being
heard
B.
hearing
C.
heard
D.
hear
11.
The
result
of
the
test
was
rather
_____.
A.
disappointed
B.
disappointing
C.
being
disappointed
D.
disappoint
12.
I’ve
never
heard
the
word
____in
spoken
English.
A.
use
B.
used
C.
using
D.
being
used
13.
_____how
to
do
the
homework,
I
went
to
ask
my
teacher
for
help.
A.
Not
to
know
B.
Not
knowing
C.
Knowing
not
D.
Not
known
14.
Deeply
__,
I
thanked
her
again
and
again.
A.
being
moving
B.
moved
C.
moving
D.
to
be
moved
15.
With
winter
_____on,
it’s
time
to
buy
warm
clothes.
A.
came
B.
comes
C.
come
D.
coming
16.
____the
office,
the
foreign
visitors
were
shown
round
the
teaching
building.
A.
Having
shown
B.
Showing
C.
Has
shown
D.
Having
been
shown
17.
He
went
from
door
to
door,
____waste
papers
and
magazines.
A.
gathering
B.
gathered
C.
gather
D.
being
gathered
18.
The
student
corrected
his
paper
carefully,
____the
professor’s
suggestions.
A.
follow
B.
following
C.
followed
D.
being
followed
19.
The
___price
will
save
you
one
dollar
for
each
dozen.
A.
reduce
B.
reducing
C.
reduced
D.
reduces
20.
People
____in
the
city
do
not
know
the
pleasure
of
country
life.
A.
live
B.
to
live
C.
lived
D.
living
21.
The
foreigner
tried
his
best,
but
he
still
couldn’t
make
his
point
___.
A.
understand
B.
understanding
C.
to
understand
D.
understood
22.
The
scientists
were
waiting
to
see
the
problem
______.
A.
settle
B.
settled
C.
to
settle
D.
settling
23.
The
library’s
study
room
is
full
of
students
_____for
the
exam.
A.
busily
prepared
B.
busy
preparing
C.
busily
prepare
D.
are
busily
preparing
24.
The
ground
is
_____with
____
leaves.
A.
covering,
falling
B.
covered,
falling
C.
covered,
fallen
D.
covering,
fallen
25.
Lessons
____easily
were
soon
forgotten.
A.
to
learn
B.
learn
C.
learned
D.
learning
II. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1.
She
caught
the
student
_______
(cheat)
in
exams.
2.
When
I
got
there,
I
found
him
_________
(repair)
farm
tools.
3.
When
I
got
there,
I
found
the
farm
tools
_______.
(repair)
4.
Just
then
he
heard
someone
_______
(call)
for
help.
5.
He
worked
so
hard
that
he
got
his
pay
______.
(raise)
6.
The
missing
boys
were
last
seen
_______(play)
near
the
river.
7.
___________(compare)
with
the
old
one,
the
new
building
looks
more
beautiful.
8.
The
workers
had
the
machines
_______(run)
all
night
long
to
finish
the
work
on
time.
9.
People
in
the
south
have
their
houses
______(make)
of
bamboo.
10.
_______(lose)
in
thought,
he
almost
ran
into
the
car
in
front
of
him. 　
感受文化背景
Break
a
Leg
This
is
a
strange
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
but
traditional
good
luck
wish
to
an
actor
about
to
go
on.
Highly
superstitious
theater
people
think
that
if
people
wish
for
good
luck,
something
bad
will
surely
happen.
So
they
wish
for
bad
luck
instead,
and
hope
that
the
result
will
just
be
the
opposite.
There
are
some
other
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superstitious
beliefs
among
actors.
It
is
good
luck,
for
example,
to
have
their
shoes
squeak(发出吱吱声)
during
an
entrance,
and
it
is
good
luck
to
have
a
theater
cat.
But
bad
luck
comes
from
all
directions:
fro
whistling
in
the
theater,
fro
repeating
the
last
line
of
a
play
at
rehearsal(排演),from
certain
shades(色调)
of
yellow,
and
from
being
forced
to
appear
on
a
set
with
a
picture
of
an
ostrich(驼鸟).
These
traditional
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )beliefs
may
come
from
the
artistic
temperament(性情),
which
tends
to
be
full
of
strange
idea.
Or,
they
may
have
uch
to
do
with
the
unfavorable
situations
of
actors:
the
high
tension
of
the
stage,
the
instability(不稳定)
of
the
profession,
and
the
low
social
status(地位)
until
quite
recent
times.
When
your
livelihood(生计)depends
on
satisfying
the
public
by
pretending
to
be
someone
yu
are
not,
it
is
no
wonder
you
are
always
expecting
disaster.
Choose
one
best
answer
for
each
question:
1.
One
should
say
____
to
an
actor
as
a
good
luck
wish.
A.
“Wish
you
success”
B.
“Good
luck”
C.
“Break
a
leg”
D.
“May
you
be
successful”
2.
Actors
or
actres
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sess
wish
for
bad
luck
before
tghey
get
on
the
stage
because_____.
A.
they
hope
to
suffer
something
B.
they
hate
each
other.
C.
they
are
competing
with
each
other
D.
they
superst
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itiously
believe
that
good
luck
wishes
would
bring
about
something
wrong.
3.
According
to
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
passage,
actors
believe
that
all
these
things
will
bring
them
bad
luck
except__.
A.
a
theater
cat
B.
certtain
shades
of
yellow
C.
whistling
in
the
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )heater
D.
a
set
with
a
picture
of
an
ostrich
4.
This
tradition
may
come
fro
the
fact
that
_________.
A.
actors
like
to
show
differences
form
average
people.
B.
actors
usually
live
under
high
stress
C.
actors
usually
like
to
suffer
disasters
D.
actors
want
to
behave
in
a
strange
way.