Unit 3 To be a good learner知识点讲义 译林版(2024)八年级上册

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名称 Unit 3 To be a good learner知识点讲义 译林版(2024)八年级上册
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更新时间 2025-07-04 21:20:40

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2025秋季新译林八上U3知识点详解
Introduction &welcome to the unit
The joy of learning is as important in study as breathing is in running.
解析:
1.The joy of learning
结构:名词短语,核心词为 joy,介词短语 of learning 作后置定语,修饰 “学习的乐趣”。
拓展:类似表达如 the importance of practice(练习的重要性)、the beauty of nature(自然之美)。
2.as important as
结构:同级比较结构,意为 “和…… 一样重要”,中间用形容词原级(此处为 important)。
例句:Health is as important as wealth.(健康和财富一样重要。)
否定形式:not as/so + 形容词 + as,如:He is not as tall as his brother.(他不如他哥哥高。)
3.in study & in running
介词用法:in 表示 “在…… 方面 / 过程中”,强调特定领域或活动。
拓展:类似搭配如 succeed in exams(在考试中成功)、excel in sports(在体育方面擅长)。
4. breath(名词)的常见搭配
固定短语:
take a breath:吸气(强调动作)
→ He took a deep breath before jumping into the water.(跳水前他深吸了一口气。)
hold one’s breath:屏住呼吸
→ The audience held their breath as the performer did the stunt.(表演者做特技时,观众都屏住了呼吸。)
out of breath:气喘吁吁
→ I was out of breath after climbing the stairs.(爬完楼梯后我气喘吁吁。)
catch one’s breath:喘口气,恢复呼吸
→ Let’s sit down and catch our breath.(我们坐下喘口气吧。)
修饰词搭配:
heavy breath:沉重的呼吸
short breath:短促的呼吸
fresh breath:清新的口气
2. breathe(动词)的常见用法
及物动词(vt.):后接宾语(如空气、气体等)。
breathe something:呼吸某物
→ Plants breathe carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.(植物在光合作用中吸入二氧化碳。)
→ She breathed the fresh mountain air deeply.(她深深地呼吸着山上的新鲜空气。)
不及物动词(vi.):不接宾语,单独表示 “呼吸”。
breathe + 状语:
→ It’s hard to breathe at high altitudes.(在高海拔地区很难呼吸。)
→ He was breathing heavily after the race.(比赛后他呼吸沉重。)
read about Benjamin Franklin and his love of learning;
解析:
1.read about
结构:动词短语,意为 “阅读关于…… 的内容”,后接阅读对象。
拓展:类似表达如 learn about(了解)、research about(研究)。
例句:She read about ancient civilizations in the library.(她在图书馆阅读关于古代文明的书籍。)
2.Benjamin Franklin
专有名词:美国政治家、科学家、发明家,代表作《穷理查年鉴》,参与起草《独立宣言》。
3.love of learning
结构:名词短语,核心词为 love,介词短语 of learning 作后置定语,修饰 “对学习的热爱”。
learn about learning problems and advice;
解析:
1. learning problems
结构:名词短语,核心词为 problems,learning 作定语修饰名词,表 “学习相关的问题”。
2. solve a problem/face a problem/cause a problem/ have a problem with sth
3. advice
词性:不可数名词,意为 “建议”,表达 “一条建议” 需用 a piece of advice。
give advice/2. take/follow advice
give suggestions on language learning;
解析:
give suggestions on 给关于。。。的建议
Suggestion 建议,可数
Suggest v.建议 区别advise
suggest vs. advise
动词 用法区别 例句
suggest ① 接动名词(suggest doing)
② 接 that 从句(虚拟 / 陈述)
③ 可接双宾语 He suggested visiting Paris.(他建议去巴黎。)
advise ① 接不定式(advise sb to do)
② 接 that 从句(必须用虚拟语气)
③ 不可接双宾语 He advised me to visit Paris.(他建议我去巴黎。)
Better understand the importance of learning
解析:
1.Better understand:
better 是副词(adv.),修饰动词 understand,表示 “更好地”,强调程度提升。
类似结构:listen carefully(仔细听)、work hard(努力工作)。
2.the importance of learning:
importance 是名词(n.),意为 “重要性”,后接介词 of 引出所属关系(“学习的重要性”)。
固定搭配:the importance of sth./doing sth.(某事 / 做某事的重要性)。
Learning how to learn is important for every student.
解析:
Learning how to learn:
动名词短语作主语,意为 “学习如何学习”。
结构拆解:Learning(动名词)+ how to learn(疑问词 + 不定式短语作宾语)。
由疑问词(how, what, when, where, which, who)+ 不定式构成,相当于名词短语,可作主语、宾语、表语。
Let's read some well-known people's learning stories and try to improve our ways of learning.
解析:
well-known people's learning stories 名人学习故事
Ways of learning 学习方式
let's ...引导的反义疑问句:
肯定句:Let's + 动词原形 + 其他成分 反义疑问句:shall we?
肯定句:Let us + 动词原形 + 其他成分 反义疑问句:will you?
Millie is reading some Chinese sayings about learning.
解析:
read some Chinese sayings about learning 阅读一些关于学习的中国谚语
Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day ,Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.
解析:
1. Give a man a fish
结构:give sb. sth. 双宾语结构(“给某人某物”),口语中可替换为 give sth. to sb.
例句:Give me a book = Give a book to me.
2. teach a man to fish教人钓鱼
结构:teach sb. to do sth. 不定式作宾语补足语(“教某人做某事”)
延伸词组:
teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学
teach a skill 传授一项技能
3. feed him for a day/lifetime
中文释义:喂饱他一天 / 一辈子
结构:feed sb. for + 时间段(“供养某人一段时间”)
feed 可引申为 “满足(需求)”,如 feed one’s curiosity(满足好奇心)
近义词:support sb. for...(经济 / 生活上支持某人)
feed on sth. 以…… 为食;从…… 中获得滋养(多用于动物或抽象事物)
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
解析:
A journey of a thousand miles
begins with a single step ,begin with 表示 “以…… 开始”
Studying is like rowing a boat against moving water;if you don't move forward,you will fall behind.
解析:
be like 像
Like的用法汇总
一、介词(prep.):像…… 一样
核心用法:表示相似性,后接名词、代词、动名词或从句(非正式用法)。
1. 基本结构
like + 名词 / 代词
She runs like a deer.(她跑得像鹿一样快。)
He behaves like a child.(他举止像个孩子。)
like + 动名词(-ing)
I can't imagine living like that.(我无法想象那样的生活。)
She sings like performing on a stage.(她唱歌像在舞台上表演一样。)
like + 从句(非正式,口语常用)
It looks like it's going to rain.(看起来要下雨了。)
He talks like he knows everything.(他说话像什么都知道一样。)
2. 易混辨析:like vs. as
词性 用法 例句
like 介词 后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词,表示 “相似” He acts like a hero.(他表现得像英雄。)
as 介词 后接名词,表示 “作为”(身份 / 角色) He works as a teacher.(他作为老师工作。)
as 连词 后接从句,表示 “像…… 一样”“当…… 时”“因为” Do as I say.(像我说的那样做。)
As she grew up, she became independent.(随着成长,她变得独立。)
3. 常见搭配
look like:看起来像
That house looks like a castle.(那房子看起来像城堡。)
sound like:听起来像
This song sounds like jazz.(这首歌听起来像爵士乐。)
feel like:感觉像;想要(后接动名词)
It feels like spring today.(今天感觉像春天。)
I feel like eating pizza.(我想吃披萨。)
二、动词(v.):喜欢;想要(口语)
1. 基本用法
like + 名词 / 代词
I like cats.(我喜欢猫。)
She doesn't like spicy food.(她不喜欢辣的食物。)
like + 不定式(to do):表示具体某次喜欢做某事
I like to read books before bed.(我喜欢睡前读书。)
like + 动名词(-ing):表示习惯性、长期性的喜欢
He likes playing basketball.(他喜欢打篮球。)
2. 口语用法:would like(想要)
would like + 名词
I'd like a cup of coffee.(我想要一杯咖啡。)
would like + to do
Would you like to go for a walk (你想出去散步吗?)
would like + 宾语 + to do
She'd like me to help her.(她希望我帮助她。)
3. 否定与疑问
否定:don’t/doesn’t like;wouldn’t like
He doesn’t like getting up early.(他不喜欢早起。)
疑问:Do you like... ;Would you like...
Do they like swimming (他们喜欢游泳吗?)
三、连词(conj.):像…… 一样
用法:引导从句,多用于非正式口语,正式场合常用 as 或 as if。
She talks like she's the boss.(她说话像老板一样。)→ 相当于 as if she were the boss(虚拟语气)。
It smells like someone is cooking.(闻起来像有人在做饭。)
四、副词(adv.):大概,似乎(口语)
用法:用于句首或句中,表示推测或不确定,相当于 approximately 或 sort of。
Like, I think we should leave now.(大概,我觉得我们该走了。)
He's, like, the best player on the team.(他好像是队里最厉害的球员。)
五、名词(n.):喜好;类似的人 / 物
1. 复数形式(likes)
表示 “喜好、兴趣”
We share the same likes and dislikes.(我们有相同的好恶。)
表示 “类似的人或事物”
I’ve never seen the like of this technology.(我从未见过类似的技术。)
2. 固定搭配
and the like:等等,诸如此类
She enjoys painting, dancing, and the like.(她喜欢画画、跳舞等等。)
六、常见短语与句型
like crazy/mad:疯狂地,拼命地
He ran like crazy to catch the bus.(他拼命跑着赶公交。)
like it or not:不管你喜不喜欢
Like it or not, you have to accept the truth.(不管你愿不愿意,都得接受事实。)
something like:大约;有点像
It costs something like $50.(这大约要 50 美元。)
It looks something like a star.(它看起来有点像星星。)
like a shot:立刻,马上
He agreed to the plan like a shot.(他立刻同意了这个计划。)
七、易错题与注意事项
虚拟语气陷阱
当 like 引导的从句表示与事实相反的假设时,需用虚拟语气:
She acts like she owned the place.(实际她不拥有,用虚拟语气,相当于 as if she owned...)
避免中式英语
错误:I like very much.(缺少宾语)
正确:I like it very much.(需接宾语)
would like 的疑问回答
Would you like some tea
肯定:Yes, please.
否定:No, thanks.
Against
、介词(prep.)核心用法
基本含义:表示 “反对、对抗、接触、倚靠、对照、预防” 等,后接名词、代词或动名词。
1. 表示反对、对抗(反义为 for)
结构:against + 人 / 事(表示立场相反)
Are you for or against the plan (你支持还是反对这个计划?)
She spoke against the new policy.(她发言反对新政策。)
常见搭配:
fight against:与…… 斗争
They fought against racial discrimination.(他们与种族歧视作斗争。)
argue against:争辩反对
He argued against the proposal at the meeting.(他在会上争辩反对该提案。)
2. 表示接触、倚靠(物理上的支撑或碰撞)
结构:against + 支撑物 / 接触面
The ladder is leaning against the wall.(梯子靠在墙上。)
She pressed her face against the window.(她把脸贴在窗户上。)
场景联想:
物品倚靠(如杯子放在桌上:The cup is against the saucer.)
身体部位接触(如背靠着椅子:He sat with his back against the chair.)
3. 表示对照、对比(常用于比较或衬托)
结构:against + 背景 / 参照物
Red looks bright against green.(红色在绿色衬托下显得鲜艳。)
Compare your answers against the model ones.(将你的答案与参考答案对照。)
常见搭配:
check against:与…… 核对
Check the names against the list.(把名字与名单核对一下。)
set against:使…… 与…… 形成对比
The castle is set against a blue sky.(城堡在蓝天的映衬下格外醒目。)
4. 表示预防、抵御(针对潜在风险)
结构:against + 危险 / 灾害
Take an umbrella against the rain.(带伞防雨。)
Vaccines protect us against diseases.(疫苗保护我们抵御疾病。)
常见搭配:
guard against:防范,警惕
We must guard against accidents.(我们必须防范事故。)
protect against:保护…… 免受……
Sunscreen protects your skin against UV rays.(防晒霜保护皮肤免受紫外线伤害。)
5. 表示逆着、顶着(方向或力量相反)
结构:against + 方向 / 力量
She swam against the current.(她逆着水流游泳。)
He struggled against the strong wind.(他顶着大风艰难前行。)
场景联想:
交通:drive against the traffic(逆向行驶)
自然现象:row against the tide(逆潮划船)
6. 表示违背、违反(与规则、意愿相反)
结构:against + 规则 / 意愿
It's against the law to steal.(偷窃是违法的。)
She did it against her will.(她违背自己的意愿做了这件事。)
固定搭配:
go against:违背,违反
His actions go against his promises.(他的行为违背了承诺。)
To reach a goal,big or small,it is important to take the first step.
解析:
1. reach a goal
含义:达成目标(reach 表示 “达到、实现”,goal 指 “目标”)。
同义表达:achieve a goal / accomplish a goal
例句:
It takes perseverance to reach your goals.(达成目标需要毅力。)
2. big or small
结构:插入语,作定语修饰 goal,表示 “无论大小”,强调目标的范围。
语法功能:相当于让步状语,可替换为 “no matter how big or small”。
例句:
All dreams, big or small, deserve to be pursued.(所有梦想,无论大小,都值得追寻。)
3. take the first step
含义:迈出第一步(比喻开启行动的关键起点)。
It is better to learn how to do something than to depend on other people to do it for you.
解析:
1. learn how to do something
含义:学习如何做某事(how to do sth. 为 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构,作宾语)。
拓展搭配:
learn from sb.(向某人学习)
learn by doing(通过实践学习)
2.depend on/upon
含义:依赖、依靠(on/upon 可互换,后接名词、代词或动名词)。
3.比较结构:It is better to do A than to do B
句型结构:
含义:做 A 比做 B 更好(强调前者优于后者)。
语法规则:
than 前后需保持结构一致(均为不定式短语)。
Keep learning and trying to improve.If you stop learning,you will stop getting better.
解析:
1. Keep learning/trying to improve
结构:
keep doing sth.:持续做某事(强调动作的延续性)。
try to do sth.:努力做某事(侧重 “尝试” 的过程)。
2. stop learning/getting better
结构:
stop doing sth.:停止做某事(强调终止正在进行的动作)。
get better:变得更好(get 为系动词,后接形容词比较级表示 “逐渐变化”)。
对比:
stop doing sth.(停止正在做的事)
stop to do sth.(停下当前的事去做另一件事)
例句:
He stopped working to take a break.(他停下工作去休息。)
If you stop practicing, your skills will decline.(如果停止练习,你的技能会退化。)
3.祈使句 + if 条件句
句型结构:
前半句为祈使句(表建议 / 命令),后半句为if 引导的条件状语从句(表假设)。
时态规则:
主句(祈使句)用动词原形,从句用一般现在时表将来(“主将从现” 的变体)。
例句:
Work hard and you will succeed.(努力工作,你就会成功。)
If you don’t hurry, you will miss the train.(如果你不快点,就会错过火车。)
Millie and her classmates are talking about the most important thing for successful learning.
解析:
talk about 谈论,讨论(后接讨论的主题)。
for successful learning介词 for:表示 “对于,为了”,后接名词或动名词。
词性 派生词 核心含义 词组
名词 success 成功;成就;成功的人 / 事物 key to success(成功的关键) path to success(成功之路) overnight success(一夜成名)
形容词 successful 成功的;有成就的 be successful in (doing) sth.(在…… 方面成功)
副词 successfully 成功地
动词 succeed 成功;继承;继任 succeed in (doing) sth.(在…… 中成功) succeed sb. as...(接替某人担任……)
What do you think is important for successful learning
解析:
1. What do you think...
含义:用于询问对方观点,相当于 “你认为……?”
用法:
固定句型,do you think 作为插入语,后接疑问句语序(但需还原为陈述句结构)。
How do you think... (你认为…… 如何?)
=How do you like /feel/find sth
For me,one thing is to have strong drive to learn.If you're willing to learn,you'll work harder.
解析:
1. have a strong drive to learn
含义:“有强烈的学习动力”。
drive 在此处为名词,意为 “动力;驱动力”,后接不定式 to learn 作定语。
用法:
常见搭配:
have a drive to do sth.(有做某事的动力)
a strong/weak drive(强烈 / 微弱的动力)
2.be willing to learn
含义:“愿意学习”,强调主观意愿。
用法:
be willing to do sth. 为固定搭配,意为 “乐意做某事”。
I agree.And it's also important to have a good teacher.A good teacher will guide you on the right path.
解析:
1.agree
含义:同意,赞同(vi.)
常见搭配:
agree with sb. 同意某人的观点(后接人或观点)
agree to sth. 同意某事(后接计划、建议等)
agree on sth. 就某事达成共识(主语为多方)
it's important to do sth.
:做某事很重要(it 为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语)
同义表达:Doing sth. is important./It's of great importance to do sth.(更强调重要性)
3.guide sb. on the right path
引导某人走上正确的道路(比喻义:指引某人做出正确选择或方向)
结构分析:guide sb. 引导某人(及物动词 + 宾语)
on the right path 在正确的道路上(介词短语作状语)
And you need to have good study skills.They'll help you learn better.
1.need to do sth.
含义:需要做某事(need 为实义动词,后接不定式作宾语)
常见搭配:need sth. 需要某物
例:I need a new notebook for math class.(我需要一本新笔记本上数学课。)
need doing sth.(主动形式表被动含义)= need to be done
例:The room needs cleaning.(房间需要打扫了。)= The room needs to be cleaned.
拓展:当 need 为情态动词时,常用于否定句或疑问句,后接动词原形
例:You needn’t worry about the exam.(你不必担心考试。)
2.study skills
含义:学习技巧(复数形式表示多种具体方法)
常见搭配:
develop/practice study skills 培养 / 练习学习技巧
例:It’s essential to develop effective study skills in high school.(高中阶段培养有效的学习技巧至关重要。)
improve/enhance study skills 提高学习技巧
具体类型:
note-taking 记笔记
time management 时间管理
active reading 主动阅读
3.help sb. (to) do sth.
含义:帮助某人做某事(to 可省略)
拓展搭配:
help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
例:She helps me with my English pronunciation.(她帮助我练习英语发音。)
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
例:I can’t help laughing when I see this video.(看到这个视频时我忍不住笑了。)
That's right.And we should also make a study plan.It'll help us manage our time well.
解析:
1.make a study plan
含义:制定学习计划(“study plan” 为复合名词,强调学习相关的规划)
Make a plan for ...为...做计划
Plan to do 计划做某事
2.manage our time
含义:管理我们的时间(“manage” 表示 “合理安排、掌控”)
Manage to do 设法做某事
I couldn't agree more.
解析:
否定 + 比较级表最高级含义
原句结构:couldn't + 动词原形 + 比较级
语法逻辑:通过否定词(couldn’t)与比较级(more)的结合,表达 “无法达到更…… 的程度”,即最高级含义。
类似用法:
I can't be happier.(我开心到极点了。)
She couldn't have done better.(她做得再好不过了。)
Reading
A writer,scientist,inventor and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
解析:
1. 并列结构中冠词的省略与使用
规则:
当并列名词指同一人或事物时,仅在第一个名词前加冠词,后续名词省略冠词;若指不同人或事物,需分别加冠词。
例句对比:
同一人:The writer and scientist is giving a lecture.(这位作家兼科学家正在演讲。)→ 单数谓语动词 “is”
不同人:The writer and the scientist are giving lectures.(这位作家和这位科学家正在演讲。)→ 复数谓语动词 “are”
本句应用:
因四个身份共用 “a”,且 “one of...” 为单数(“one”),可判断为同一人物。
2. one of + the + 复数名词 + 定语
结构解析:
one of:表示 “…… 之一”,后接特指的复数名词(需加 the)。
the Founding Fathers of the United States:“美国开国元勋” 是专有历史概念,特指 1776 年参与起草《独立宣言》等建国文件的核心人物(约 30 人左右),需用定冠词 the。
谓语动词规则:
“one of + 复数名词” 作主语时,谓语动词用单数,但当有定语从句修饰时需注意主谓一致:
例句:One of the students is late.(单数)
例句:One of the students who are from China is my friend.(“who are” 修饰复数 students,“is” 为主句谓语)
Benjamin Franklin was a man of many talents and one of the most famous people of the 18th century.
解析:
1.a man of many talents
结构:名词短语,核心为 “a man + of + 抽象名词”,表示 “具有某种特质的人”。
含义:多才多艺的人(“talents” 指 “天赋;才能”,复数形式强调 “多方面才能”)
2.one of the most famous people of the 18th century
结构:“one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + of + 时间 / 范围”,表示 “某一范围内最…… 的…… 之一”。
From a young age,Franklin's great love of learning set him apart from many others.
解析:
1.From a young age
含义:从小,从年轻时
用法:时间状语,置于句首或句末,修饰整个句子。
例句:From a young age, she showed a talent for music.(她从小就展现出音乐天赋。)
2.great love of learning
结构:形容词(great)+ 名词(love)+ 介词短语(of learning)
含义:强烈的求知欲,对学习的热爱
拓展:类似表达有 deep passion for learning / strong enthusiasm for knowledge。
3.set him apart from many others
核心短语:set apart from(使…… 与…… 不同,使突出)
As one of 17 children in a big family,Franklin had only two years of education before he had to start work.
解析:
1.as one of + 复数名词
含义:作为…… 之一(强调个体属于某个群体)
例句:As one of the top students in the class, she often helps others with math.(作为班上的尖子生之一,她经常帮助他人学习数学。)
2.in a big family
含义:在一个大家庭中
拓展:类似表达有 in a small family(在小家庭中)、in a single-parent family(在单亲家庭中)。
3.have only two years of education
结构:have + 时间段 + of + 抽象名词(表示 “拥有某方面的经历 / 资源”)
例句:He has ten years of experience in marketing.(他有十年市场营销经验。)
have to start work
含义:不得不开始工作(强调客观条件迫使)
对比:must start work(主观上必须工作),前者更含无奈或被动意味。
as用法总结
一、作介词:表示 “作为;当作;像”
1. 表示身份、职业或角色
结构:as + 名词(表示身份)
She works as a doctor.(她当医生。)
Treat me as your friend.(把我当作你的朋友。)
2. 表示 “像…… 一样”(类比)
对比相似性:
He behaves as a gentleman.(他表现得像个绅士。)
As a child, I loved reading.(像小时候一样,我热爱阅读。)
二、作连词:引导从句
1. 引导时间状语从句(= when,强调 “一边…… 一边” 或 “随着”)
强调同时性:
She sang as she walked.(她边走边唱。)
As time passed, he forgot the sadness.(随着时间流逝,他忘记了悲伤。)
2. 引导原因状语从句(= because,语气较弱,表附带原因)
置于句首或句中:
As it was raining, we stayed at home.(因为下雨,我们待在家里。)
I can’t go out as I have work.(我有工作,所以不能出去。)
3. 引导方式状语从句(= in the way that,“按照;如同”)
常用结构:as + 主语 + 谓语(可省略部分成分)
Do as I told you.(按我说的做。)
She looks as if she’s tired.(她看起来好像累了。)
4. 引导比较状语从句(用于同级比较,否定句可用 so 替代)
肯定句:as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as
He is as tall as his father.(他和父亲一样高。)
She runs as fast as a deer.(她跑得像鹿一样快。)
否定句:not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as
This book is not as interesting as that one.(这本书不如那本有趣。)
5. 引导让步状语从句(需倒装,“虽然;尽管”)
结构:形容词 / 副词 / 名词 + as + 主语 + 谓语(名词前不加冠词)
Young as he is, he knows a lot.(尽管他年轻,却懂得很多。)
Child as he was, he saved the girl.(虽然他是个孩子,却救了那个女孩。)
三、作副词:表示 “同样地;作为”
1. 用于比较结构(= equally)
He doesn’t work as hard.(他工作没那么努力。)
She sings well, but he sings as well.(她唱得好,他也唱得一样好。)
2. 固定搭配:as…as possible(尽可能……)
Come as soon as possible.(尽快来。)
Please speak as clearly as possible.(请尽可能说清楚。)
四、常见短语和固定搭配
1. as for/to(至于;关于)
As for the plan, we can discuss it later.(至于这个计划,我们可以稍后讨论。)
As to your question, I have no answer.(关于你的问题,我没有答案。)
2. as if/though(好像;仿佛)
虚拟语气(与事实相反用过去式或 had done):
He talks as if he knew everything.(他说话好像什么都知道。)
She acted as though nothing had happened.(她表现得好像什么都没发生过。)
3. as a result(结果);as a result of(由于)
He worked hard; as a result, he passed the exam.(他努力学习,结果通过了考试。)
As a result of the storm, the flight was canceled.(由于暴风雨,航班取消了。)
4. as usual(像往常一样);as before(和以前一样)
He arrived late as usual.(他像往常一样迟到了。)
She smiled at me as before.(她和以前一样对我微笑。)
5. as well(也;还);as well as(不仅…… 而且……)
He can speak English, and French as well.(他会说英语,也会说法语。)
She is smart as well as beautiful.(她不仅漂亮,而且聪明。)
6. as far as(就…… 而言;远至)
As far as I know, he is honest.(就我所知,他很诚实。)
We walked as far as the river.(我们一直走到河边。)
7. as long as(只要;和…… 一样长)
引导条件状语从句:You can go as long as you finish your work.(只要你完成工作,就可以走。)
表示长度:This rope is as long as that one.(这根绳子和那根一样长。)
8. as soon as(一…… 就……)
I’ll call you as soon as I arrive.(我一到就给你打电话。)
五、易混辨析
1. as vs. like(作 “像” 讲时)
as 是连词,后接从句或介词短语:Do as I do.(按我做的做。)
like 是介词,后接名词 / 代词:He looks like his brother.(他看起来像他哥哥。)
2. as vs. since vs. because(表原因)
because:语气最强,回答 why 问题:He’s absent because he’s ill.
since:表已知事实,“既然”:Since you’re here, let’s start.
as:语气最弱,附带原因,可置于句首或句中:As it’s late, I’ll go home.
While working in his brother's print shop,Franklin taught himself by reading a lot.
print shop
含义:印刷厂;印刷所(指从事印刷工作的场所)。
例句:He learned the printing trade in a small print shop.(他在一家小印刷所里学习印刷手艺。)
teach oneself
含义:自学(= learn by oneself)。
结构:teach + 反身代词(如 myself/yourself/himself 等)。
例句:She taught herself French by watching movies.(她通过看电影自学法语。)
by reading a lot
含义:通过大量阅读(by 表示 “通过某种方式”,后接动名词)。
1. While working in his brother's print shop —— 省略结构(状语从句的省略)
原句还原:While he was working in his brother's print shop, Franklin...
省略规则:
当状语从句(如时间、条件、让步从句)的主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语含 be 动词时,可省略从句的 主语 + be 动词。
While用法总结
一、while 作连词(最核心用法)
1. 表示 “当…… 时候”(引导时间状语从句)
特点:
从句动作与主句动作同时发生,且从句谓语通常为 延续性动词(如 work, study, read 等)。
从句可位于主句前或后,前用时需加逗号。
例句:
While I was cooking, the phone rang.(我做饭时,电话响了。)
He listened to music while doing homework.(他边做作业边听音乐。)
拓展:
省略结构:若从句主语与主句主语一致,且含 be 动词,可省略主语 + be。
While (he was) in London, he studied art.(他在伦敦时学艺术。)
2. 表示 “虽然,尽管”(引导让步状语从句,语气较委婉)
功能:相当于 although,但更强调对比或轻微转折。
例句:
While I understand your point, I can’t agree with you.(虽然我理解你的观点,但我不能赞同。)
While she is young, she has much experience.(尽管她年轻,但很有经验。)
3. 表示 “而,然而”(连接并列句,强调对比)
特点:
用于对比两件事、两个人或两种情况,语气较缓和。
不可用逗号隔开句子(区别于时间状语从句)。
例句:
Tom is outgoing while his brother is shy.(汤姆外向,而他弟弟害羞。)
I like coffee while she prefers tea.(我喜欢咖啡,而她更喜欢茶。)
二、while 作名词
1. 表示 “一段时间,一会儿”
常见搭配:
for a while:一会儿
Stay here for a while.(在这儿待一会儿。)
after a while:过了一会儿
After a while, he calmed down.(过了一会儿,他平静下来了。)
once in a while:偶尔,间或
We go hiking once in a while.(我们偶尔去徒步。)
例句:
When (she was) young, she loved painting.(她年轻时喜欢画画。)
If (you are) free, come to see me.(如果你有空,来看我。)
反身代词用法总结和常考词组
一、反身代词的形式
人称 / 数 单数 复数
第一人称 myself(我自己) ourselves(我们自己)
第二人称 yourself(你自己) yourselves(你们自己)
第三人称 himself(他自己)
herself(她自己)
itself(它自己) themselves(他们 / 她们 / 它们自己)
二、核心用法总结
1. 作宾语(动作回到主语本身)
主语与宾语为同一人 / 物,译为 “自己”。
例句:
She hurt herself while cooking.(她做饭时伤到了自己。)
We should believe in ourselves.(我们应该相信自己。)
固定搭配:
enjoy oneself(玩得开心)
Did you enjoy yourself at the party (你在派对上玩得开心吗?)
help oneself to(随便吃 / 用)
Help yourself to some fruit.(随便吃点水果。)
2. 作表语(强调主语状态)
常用于描述主语的状态或情绪,译为 “处于正常状态”。
例句:
He isn’t himself today.(他今天状态不好。)
I’ll be myself again after a rest.(休息后我就会恢复正常。)
3. 作同位语(强调主语本身)
位于主语或宾语后,起强调作用,译为 “本人 / 亲自”。
例句:
The president himself will attend the meeting.(总统本人将出席会议。)
I saw the actor myself.(我亲眼见到了那位演员。)
4. 固定句式中的用法
By oneself(独自地,靠自己)
She finished the work by herself.(她独自完成了这项工作。)
For oneself(为自己;亲自)
Think for yourself before making a decision.(做决定前要自己思考。)
In oneself(本身,本质上)
The idea is good in itself, but hard to implement.(这个想法本身不错,但很难实施。)
三、易混点与注意事项
1. 反身代词不能单独作主语
错误:Myself did the homework.
正确:I myself did the homework.(我自己做了作业。)
(主语必须是名词 / 代词,反身代词作同位语强调主语。)
2. 与相互代词(each other/one another)的区别
反身代词:动作指向同一主体(如:He taught himself. 他自学。)
相互代词:动作在不同主体间相互发生(如:They help each other. 他们互相帮助。)
3. 常见错误搭配
错误:seat yourself(中式表达)
正确:be seated /seat oneself(正式用法)
Please be seated. = Please seat yourself.(请坐。)
四、常用短语及固定搭配汇总
1. 与动词搭配的短语
短语 含义 例句
dress oneself 自己穿衣服 The child can dress himself now.
teach oneself 自学 He taught himself French.
behave oneself 举止得体 Tell the kids to behave themselves.
express oneself 表达自己 Artists express themselves through art.
kill oneself 自杀(慎用) Never think about killing yourself.
2. 与介词搭配的短语
短语 含义 例句
by oneself 独自地 She lives by herself in the city.
for oneself 为自己;亲自 You have to experience it for yourself.
in oneself 本身 T he problem is simple in itself.
to oneself 独自享有 She kept the secret to herself.
He often borrowed books from booksellers and stayed up very late in order to return them early the next day
解析:
1. borrow sth. from sb.
含义:从某人处借某物(强调 “借入”)。
例句:I borrowed a pen from my classmate.(我向同学借了一支笔。)
拓展:
lend sth. to sb.:把某物借给某人(强调 “借出”)。
例:He lent his bike to me.(他把自行车借给了我。)
borrow/lend 与 keep 的区别:
borrow/lend 为短暂性动词,不可与时间段连用;
keep 表示 “保留、借用”,为延续性动词,可与时间段连用。
例:How long can I keep this book (这本书我可以借多久?)
2. stay up (late)
含义:熬夜(尤指深夜不睡)。
例句:She stayed up late to finish her project.(她熬夜完成项目。)
拓展:
近义短语:sit up late, burn the midnight oil(强调 “熬夜工作 / 学习”)。
反义短语:go to bed early, turn in early(早睡)。
3. in order to do sth.
含义:为了做某事(表目的,可置于句首或句中)。
例句:In order to catch the bus, he ran very fast.(为了赶公交,他跑得很快。)
拓展:
同义表达:
to do sth.(更简洁,常用于句中);
so as to do sth.(不能置于句首);
for the purpose of doing sth.(更正式)。
否定形式:in order not to do sth. / so as not to do sth.
例:He spoke quietly in order not to wake the baby.(他轻声说话,以免吵醒婴儿。)
Curious about the world around him,Franklin once became interested in studying storms.
解析:
1. curious about sth.
含义:对某事感到好奇(强调 “想了解或探究的心理”)。
例句:Children are naturally curious about everything around them.(孩子们天生对周围的一切感到好奇。)
拓展:
名词形式:curiosity(好奇心)
例:Curiosity killed the cat.(好奇心害死猫,警示不要过度好奇。)
常见搭配:
be curious to do sth. 好奇地想做某事
例:I’m curious to know what happened.(我好奇想知道发生了什么。)
out of curiosity 出于好奇
例:He opened the box out of curiosity.(他出于好奇打开了盒子。)
2. become interested in (doing) sth.
含义:开始对(做)某事感兴趣(强调 “兴趣从无到有的过程”)。
例句:She became interested in painting after visiting the art museum.(参观美术馆后,她开始对绘画感兴趣。)
拓展:
近义表达:
get interested in sth.(更口语化)
develop an interest in sth.(强调 “逐渐培养兴趣”)
反义表达:lose interest in sth.(对某事失去兴趣)
形容词拓展:
interesting adj. 有趣的(修饰物)
例:This book is very interesting.(这本书很有趣。)
interested adj. 感兴趣的(修饰人,搭配介词 in)
3. the world around sb.
含义:某人周围的世界(强调 “个人所处的环境或视野范围”)。
例句:He likes to observe the world around him carefully.(他喜欢仔细观察周围的世界。)
拓展:
类似表达:
the world we live in 我们生活的世界
one’s surroundings 某人的环境(更强调具体的生活环境)
4.once 的用法
含义:在此句中作副词,意为 “曾经,一度”(用于过去时态,描述过去的经历)。
例句:She once worked as a teacher in a small village.(她曾在一个小村庄当老师。)
拓展:
once 作连词:表示 “一旦”,引导条件状语从句。
例:Once you start, you must continue.(一旦开始,你就必须坚持下去。)
常见短语:
once upon a time 从前(常用于故事开头)
at once 立刻;同时
例:Come here at once!(立刻过来!)
He followed the storms and did many tests.
解析:
Then he found out that storms moved from one place to another.
解析:
1. find out
含义:发现、查明(指通过调查、研究或询问最终 “弄清楚真相或具体信息”,强调过程性)。
例句:
I finally found out the truth about the accident.(我最终查明了事故的真相。)
Can you find out what time the train leaves (你能查一下火车几点开吗?)
拓展:
辨析:
find out:侧重 “通过努力获取信息”(如查资料、询问他人)。
find:侧重 “偶然发现或找到某物 / 人”(如 find a key 捡到钥匙)。
discover:侧重 “首次发现原本存在但未知的事物”(如 discover a new planet 发现新行星)。
2. move from one place to another
含义:从一个地方移动到另一个地方(描述物体或现象的空间转移,此处指风暴的移动)。
例句:
Birds move from one place to another during migration.(鸟类在迁徙期间从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方。)
The company plans to move from the city to the suburbs.(公司计划从市区搬到郊区。)
拓展:
简化表达:move around(泛指 “四处移动”,不强调具体起点和终点)。
同义替换:travel/migrate/shift from A to B(根据语境选择,如 migrate 多用于动物迁徙)。
His findings helped predict the weather.
解析:
1. His findings
含义:他的发现(findings 为名词,意为 “研究结果;调查结论”,常用复数形式表示通过观察、研究或调查得出的结果)。
例句:
The team’s findings were published in a scientific journal.(团队的研究结果发表在科学期刊上。)
These findings suggest that exercise improves mental health.(这些研究结果表明,运动改善心理健康。)
拓展:
动词形式:find(发现)→ 过去式 / 过去分词 found
近义词:discoveries(更强调首次发现的新事物)、results(泛指结果)
2. help predict the weather
结构:help + 动词原形(predict)→ 帮助做某事(help 后接不定式时,to 可省略,即 help (to) do sth.)。
含义:帮助预测天气(predict 意为 “预测;预报”,侧重基于数据或规律对未来进行推断)。
例句:
Satellites help (to) monitor and predict natural disasters.(卫星帮助监测和预测自然灾害。)
Can you help (to) carry these books (你能帮忙搬这些书吗?)
拓展:
同义表达:assist in predicting the weather(assist 较正式,后接介词 in + 动名词)
派生词:prediction(n. 预测),如 weather prediction(天气预报)
What's more,Franklin had a great love for science,so his countless inventions came as no surprise.
解析:
1. What's more
含义:此外,而且(用于补充说明,引出递进关系的内容,相当于 “besides” 或 “moreover”)。
用法:
独立作状语,用逗号与主句隔开,常用于句首。
例句:
She's smart. What's more, she works extremely hard.(她很聪明,而且工作非常努力。)
The hotel is cheap. What's more, it's close to the beach.(这家酒店价格便宜,此外还靠近海滩。)
拓展:
同类表达:
Additionally / Furthermore / In addition(更正式)
Also(较口语化)
2. had a great love for science
结构:have a love for sth.(对某事有热爱)→ 用 “great” 加强程度,意为 “非常热爱科学”。
例句:
She has a deep love for music.(她对音乐有深厚的热爱。)
Children often have a natural love for adventure.(孩子们通常对冒险有天生的热爱。)
拓展:
同义表达:
be passionate about science(更强调强烈的热情)
have a strong enthusiasm for science(enthusiasm 指 “热情,热忱”)
动词形式:love (v.) → love doing sth.(热爱做某事),如 He loves experimenting.
3. countless inventions
含义:无数的发明(countless 意为 “数不清的;无数的”,强调数量极多)。
例句:
The internet has brought countless opportunities.(互联网带来了无数机会。)
There are countless stars in the universe.(宇宙中有无数星星。)
拓展:
近义词:
numerous /countless/innumerable(正式)
a great number of(后接可数名词复数)
反义词:few(几乎没有)、limited(有限的)
4. came as no surprise
结构:come as no surprise(不足为奇;意料之中)→ 固定搭配,其中 come 可根据时态变化(如 came /comes)。
含义:“his countless inventions came as no surprise” 意为 “他无数的发明并不令人意外”。
例句:
That she won the competition came as no surprise.(她赢得比赛不足为奇。)
His success comes as no surprise to those who know him.(了解他的人对他的成功并不意外。)
拓展:
同义表达:
be not surprising / be expected
It is no surprise that...(句型转换),如 It was no surprise that he invented many things.
反义表达:come as a surprise(令人意外)
Even in his late 70s,he invented a type of special glasses to help him see better.
解析:
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27.He often borrowed books from booksellers and stayed up very late in order to return them early the next day词组点,语法点,拓展点
以下是关于句子 He often borrowed books from booksellers and stayed up very late in order to return them early the next day 的词组、语法点及拓展内容解析:
一、重点词组解析
1. borrow sth. from sb.
含义:从某人处借某物(强调 “借入”)。
例句:I borrowed a pen from my classmate.(我向同学借了一支笔。)
拓展:
lend sth. to sb.:把某物借给某人(强调 “借出”)。
例:He lent his bike to me.(他把自行车借给了我。)
borrow/lend 与 keep 的区别:
borrow/lend 为短暂性动词,不可与时间段连用;
keep 表示 “保留、借用”,为延续性动词,可与时间段连用。
例:How long can I keep this book (这本书我可以借多久?)
2. stay up (late)
含义:熬夜(尤指深夜不睡)。
例句:She stayed up late to finish her project.(她熬夜完成项目。)
拓展:
近义短语:sit up late, burn the midnight oil(强调 “熬夜工作 / 学习”)。
反义短语:go to bed early, turn in early(早睡)。
3. in order to do sth.
含义:为了做某事(表目的,可置于句首或句中)。
例句:In order to catch the bus, he ran very fast.(为了赶公交,他跑得很快。)
拓展:
同义表达:
to do sth.(更简洁,常用于句中);
so as to do sth.(不能置于句首);
for the purpose of doing sth.(更正式)。
否定形式:in order not to do sth. / so as not to do sth.
例:He spoke quietly in order not to wake the baby.(他轻声说话,以免吵醒婴儿。)
二、语法点解析
1. 并列谓语结构
句子结构:
主语(He) + 并列谓语(borrowed... and stayed...) + 目的状语(in order to...)。
语法规则:
两个或多个谓语动词由 and/but/or 等连词连接,时态需保持一致(本句中均为一般过去时)。
例句:She opened the door and walked into the room.(她开门走进房间。)
2. 目的状语的表达
本句用法:
in order to return them early 作目的状语,说明 “熬夜” 的目的。
拓展:
目的状语还可由 so that/in order that 引导的从句表示,从句中常含情态动词(can/could/may/might 等)。
例:He studied hard so that he could pass the exam.(他努力学习,为了通过考试。)
对比结果状语:
目的状语:强调 “主观意图”,可与 in order to/so that 等替换;
结果状语:强调 “客观结果”,常用 so...that/such...that 或不定式(to do 结构前无逗号)。
例:He got up late, so that he missed the train.(结果状语,表 “因此”)
三、拓展点:语境与文化延伸
1. 句子语境推测
从 “借书熬夜阅读并尽早归还” 可推测:
人物可能热爱阅读但经济条件有限,无法购书;
体现了对书籍的珍惜和守信用的品质(及时归还)。
2. 英语中与 “书籍” 相关的表达
常见短语:
read between the lines:领悟言外之意;
a closed book:完全不懂的事物;
be an open book:为人坦率。
名言积累:
“Books are the ladder of human progress.”(高尔基:书籍是人类进步的阶梯。)
“Reading makes a full man.”(培根:阅读使人充实。)
四、巩固练习
翻译句子:
为了按时完成作业,她昨晚熬夜了。
She stayed up late last night in order to finish her homework on time.
句型转换:
He got up early to catch the first bus.(改为同义句)
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. / In order to catch the first bus, he got up early.
用 borrow/lend/keep 填空:
Can I ______ your dictionary I’ll ______ it for two days.
He ______ his umbrella to me yesterday.
(答案:borrow; keep; lent)
28.Curious about the world around him,Franklin once became interested in studying storms.词组点,语法点,拓展点
以下是关于句子 Curious about the world around him, Franklin once became interested in studying storms 的词组、语法点及拓展内容解析:
一、重点词组解析
1. curious about sth.
含义:对某事感到好奇(强调 “想了解或探究的心理”)。
例句:Children are naturally curious about everything around them.(孩子们天生对周围的一切感到好奇。)
拓展:
名词形式:curiosity(好奇心)
例:Curiosity killed the cat.(好奇心害死猫,警示不要过度好奇。)
常见搭配:
be curious to do sth. 好奇地想做某事
例:I’m curious to know what happened.(我好奇想知道发生了什么。)
out of curiosity 出于好奇
例:He opened the box out of curiosity.(他出于好奇打开了盒子。)
2. become interested in (doing) sth.
含义:开始对(做)某事感兴趣(强调 “兴趣从无到有的过程”)。
例句:She became interested in painting after visiting the art museum.(参观美术馆后,她开始对绘画感兴趣。)
拓展:
近义表达:
get interested in sth.(更口语化)
develop an interest in sth.(强调 “逐渐培养兴趣”)
反义表达:lose interest in sth.(对某事失去兴趣)
形容词拓展:
interesting adj. 有趣的(修饰物)
例:This book is very interesting.(这本书很有趣。)
interested adj. 感兴趣的(修饰人,搭配介词 in)
3. the world around sb.
含义:某人周围的世界(强调 “个人所处的环境或视野范围”)。
例句:He likes to observe the world around him carefully.(他喜欢仔细观察周围的世界。)
拓展:
类似表达:
the world we live in 我们生活的世界
one’s surroundings 某人的环境(更强调具体的生活环境)
二、语法点解析
1. 形容词短语作状语(原因 / 伴随)
句子结构:
Curious about the world around him(形容词短语作状语) + 主语(Franklin) + 谓语(became interested in...)。
语法功能:
此处形容词短语表原因,相当于原因状语从句:
Because he was curious about the world around him, Franklin...
拓展:
形容词短语作状语还可表伴随状态,说明主语的特征或状态。
例:Afraid of the dark, the child stayed close to his mother.(因为怕黑,孩子紧紧挨着妈妈。)
其他常见作状语的形容词短语:
ready to do sth.(准备好做某事)
sure of sth.(确信某事)
eager to do sth.(渴望做某事)
2. once 的用法
含义:在此句中作副词,意为 “曾经,一度”(用于过去时态,描述过去的经历)。
例句:She once worked as a teacher in a small village.(她曾在一个小村庄当老师。)
拓展:
once 作连词:表示 “一旦”,引导条件状语从句。
例:Once you start, you must continue.(一旦开始,你就必须坚持下去。)
常见短语:
once upon a time 从前(常用于故事开头)
at once 立刻;同时
例:Come here at once!(立刻过来!)
三、拓展点:人物与文化延伸
1. 本杰明 富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)
背景:
美国开国元勋之一,同时是科学家、发明家、作家。他对气象学(尤其是风暴)有深入研究,曾提出 “风暴移动方向” 的理论,并发明了避雷针。
相关事迹:
著名的 “风筝实验”:通过风筝收集雷电,证明闪电是一种放电现象。
其自传《富兰克林自传》(The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin)被誉为美国文学经典,体现了他对知识的好奇心和务实精神。
2. 英语中与 “科学研究” 相关的表达
常见动词搭配:
study /research/investigate a phenomenon 研究某现象
conduct an experiment 做实验
make a discovery 有一项发现
名言积累:
“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.”(爱迪生:天才是 1% 的灵感加 99% 的汗水。)
“The important thing is not to stop questioning.”(爱因斯坦:重要的是不要停止提问。)
四、巩固练习
翻译句子:
出于对宇宙的好奇,他开始研究天文学。
Out of curiosity about the universe, he became interested in studying astronomy.
句型转换:
Because she was curious about the machine, she took it apart.(改为形容词短语作状语)
Curious about the machine, she took it apart.
用 interested/interesting 填空:
The boy is ______ in history, especially ______ stories about ancient Rome.
(答案:interested; interesting)
He followed the storms and did many tests.词组点,语法点,拓展点
以下是关于句子 He followed the storms and did many tests 的词组、语法点及拓展内容解析:
一、重点词组解析
1. follow the storms
含义:追踪风暴(“follow” 在此表示 “跟踪、追踪”,强调对风暴的移动路径或变化进行持续观察)。
例句:Scientists often follow storms using satellites and radar.(科学家常利用卫星和雷达追踪风暴。)
拓展:
近义表达:track storms(更强调 “通过技术手段追踪”)。
相关职业:storm chaser(风暴追逐者,指专门追踪风暴进行观测或拍摄的人)。
例:Storm chasers risk their lives to collect data on severe weather.(风暴追逐者冒着生命危险收集恶劣天气的数据。)
2. do many tests
含义:做许多测试 / 实验(“tests” 指为验证某种假设或获取数据而进行的系统性操作)。
例句:The team did hundreds of tests before launching the rocket.(团队在发射火箭前做了数百次测试。)
拓展:
同义词替换:
conduct/perform/carry out tests(更正式的表达)。
常见搭配:
laboratory tests 实验室测试
safety tests 安全测试
clinical tests 临床试验(如药物研发阶段)。
二、语法点解析
1. 并列谓语结构(and 连接两个动词)
句子结构:
主语(He) + 谓语 1(followed the storms) + and + 谓语 2(did many tests)。
语法功能:
and 是并列连词,连接两个并列的谓语动词,表示动作的顺承关系(先追踪风暴,再做测试)或同时进行。
两个谓语动词的时态需保持一致(均为一般过去时 followed 和 did)。
例句对比:
顺承关系:She opened the book and began to read.(她打开书开始阅读。)
同时进行:He sat down and listened to music.(他坐下并听音乐。)
拓展点:科学研究与气象学延伸
1. 风暴追踪的科学意义
目的:
预测风暴路径,提前预警以减少自然灾害损失。
研究风暴形成机制,完善气象学理论(如富兰克林对 “风暴移动方向与气流关系” 的研究)。
现代技术:
气象卫星(如 GOES 卫星)实时监测云层和风暴。
雷达(如 Doppler 雷达)追踪降水和风速。
无人机和地面观测站辅助收集数据。
2. 英语中与 “科学实验” 相关的表达
流程词汇:
hypothesis 假设 → experiment 实验 → data 数据 → conclusion 结论。
常见句型:
In order to test the hypothesis, scientists do/conduct tests.(为验证假设,科学家进行测试。)
The results of the tests show that...(测试结果表明……)
名言积累:
“An experiment is a question which science poses to Nature, and a measurement is the recording of Nature's answer.”(实验是科学向自然提出的问题,测量是记录自然的答案。—— 马克思 普朗克)
四、巩固练习
翻译句子:
他们追踪飓风(hurricane)并进行了多次模拟测试。
They followed the hurricane and carried out many simulation tests.
句型转换:
He followed the storm and analyzed the data.(用一般现在时改写)
He follows the storm and analyzes the data.
用适当动词填空:
Scientists ______ (track/follow) storms to ______ (make/do) predictions about their strength.
(答案:track/follow; do)
30.hen he found out that storms moved from one place to another.词组点,语法点,拓展点
以下是关于句子 When he found out that storms moved from one place to another 的词组、语法点及拓展内容解析:
一、重点词组解析
1. find out
含义:发现、查明(指通过调查、研究或询问最终 “弄清楚真相或具体信息”,强调过程性)。
例句:
I finally found out the truth about the accident.(我最终查明了事故的真相。)
Can you find out what time the train leaves (你能查一下火车几点开吗?)
拓展:
辨析:
find out:侧重 “通过努力获取信息”(如查资料、询问他人)。
find:侧重 “偶然发现或找到某物 / 人”(如 find a key 捡到钥匙)。
discover:侧重 “首次发现原本存在但未知的事物”(如 discover a new planet 发现新行星)。
2. move from one place to another
含义:从一个地方移动到另一个地方(描述物体或现象的空间转移,此处指风暴的移动)。
例句:
Birds move from one place to another during migration.(鸟类在迁徙期间从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方。)
The company plans to move from the city to the suburbs.(公司计划从市区搬到郊区。)
拓展:
简化表达:move around(泛指 “四处移动”,不强调具体起点和终点)。
同义替换:travel/migrate/shift from A to B(根据语境选择,如 migrate 多用于动物迁徙)。
二、语法点解析
1. 时间状语从句(When 引导的从句)
句子结构:
When 引导的时间状语从句 + 主句(本句中主句内容未完全呈现,需结合上下文,如 “He became interested in studying storms”)。
语法功能:
when 作为连词,意为 “当…… 时”,引导从句描述主句动作发生的时间背景。
从句时态:本句中从句用一般过去时(found out),主句动作若为过去发生,也需用过去相关时态(如 He realized...)。
例句:
When I was young, I loved reading science fiction.(当我小时候,我喜欢读科幻小说。)
When she arrives, we will start the experiment.(当她到达时,我们将开始实验。)
(注:主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来,即 “主将从现” 规则)
2. 宾语从句(that 引导的从句作宾语)
句子结构:
主句主语(he) + 谓语(found out) + that 引导的宾语从句(that storms moved from one place to another)。
语法要点:
that 是宾语从句的引导词,在从句中不作成分,可省略(但本句中未省略)。
宾语从句需用陈述句语序(即 “主语 + 谓语 + 其他” 结构)。
时态一致性:
主句谓语(found out)为一般过去时,从句谓语(moved)也用一般过去时,保持时态呼应。
若从句是客观真理,即使主句为过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。
例:He learned that the earth moves around the sun.(他得知地球绕太阳转。)
(“地球绕太阳转” 是客观事实,用一般现在时)
三、拓展点:科学发现与英语从句应用
1. 科学发现的常见表达
句型模板:
Scientists found out/discovered that...(科学家发现……)
Research has shown that...(研究表明……)
It was found that...(人们发现……)
例句:
Franklin found out that lightning is a form of electricity.(富兰克林发现闪电是电的一种形式。)
Modern studies have shown that storms are influenced by climate change.(现代研究表明,风暴受气候变化影响。)
2. 宾语从句的引导词总结
引导词 用法场景 例句
that 从句为陈述句(无疑问语气) She said that she would come tomorrow.
if/whether 从句为一般疑问句(“是否”) I wonder if/whether it will rain.
特殊疑问词 从句为特殊疑问句(如 what, how) Can you tell me how this machine works
3. “风暴” 的相关词汇拓展
不同类型的风暴:
storm 广义风暴(如雷暴、飓风等)
thunderstorm 雷暴
hurricane 飓风(大西洋 / 东太平洋)
typhoon 台风(西太平洋)
tornado 龙卷风
相关气象术语:
wind speed 风速
precipitation 降水
atmospheric pressure 气压
四、巩固练习
翻译句子:
当他发现水在高温下会蒸发(evaporate)时,他开始研究气候变化。
When he found out that water evaporates at high temperatures, he began to study climate change.
句型转换:
He found out, “Storms move in a specific pattern.”(改为宾语从句)
He found out that storms moved in a specific pattern.
选择题:
I need to ______ when the meeting starts.
A. find B. find out C. discover
(答案:B,此处指 “查明会议开始时间”,强调通过询问或查看信息)
31.His findings helped predict the weather.词组点,语法点,拓展点
以下是关于句子 His findings helped predict the weather 的词组、语法点及拓展内容解析:
一、重点词组解析
1. His findings
含义:他的发现(findings 为名词,意为 “研究结果;调查结论”,常用复数形式表示通过观察、研究或调查得出的结果)。
例句:
The team’s findings were published in a scientific journal.(团队的研究结果发表在科学期刊上。)
These findings suggest that exercise improves mental health.(这些研究结果表明,运动改善心理健康。)
拓展:
动词形式:find(发现)→ 过去式 / 过去分词 found
近义词:discoveries(更强调首次发现的新事物)、results(泛指结果)
2. help predict the weather
结构:help + 动词原形(predict)→ 帮助做某事(help 后接不定式时,to 可省略,即 help (to) do sth.)。
含义:帮助预测天气(predict 意为 “预测;预报”,侧重基于数据或规律对未来进行推断)。
例句:
Satellites help (to) monitor and predict natural disasters.(卫星帮助监测和预测自然灾害。)
Can you help (to) carry these books (你能帮忙搬这些书吗?)
拓展:
同义表达:assist in predicting the weather(assist 较正式,后接介词 in + 动名词)
派生词:prediction(n. 预测),如 weather prediction(天气预报)
二、语法点解析
1. 主谓宾结构(S+V+O)
句子成分分析:
主语(S):His findings
谓语(V):helped
宾语(O):predict the weather(动词不定式作宾语,省略 to)
结构特点:
谓语动词 help 为及物动词,需接宾语补充说明动作对象。
不定式作宾语时,若主句主语与不定式逻辑主语一致,可省略 to(如 He helped (to) clean the room)。
2. 时态与语态
时态:一般过去时(helped 为过去式),表示动作发生在过去(如富兰克林的发现对过去气象研究的影响)。
语态:主动语态(主语 “His findings” 是动作的发出者,“帮助” 是主动行为)。
对比:
被动语态:The weather was helped to be predicted by his findings.(较少用,因主动语态更简洁)
三、拓展点:科学发现与气象预测
1. 气象预测的发展历程
早期方法:
依靠观察自然现象(如动物行为、云层变化),如富兰克林通过风筝实验研究雷电与天气的关联。
现代技术:
气象卫星、雷达、超级计算机建模(如数值天气预报,通过数学模型模拟大气运动)。
例句:
Franklin’s early studies of storms laid the groundwork for modern weather prediction.(富兰克林对风暴的早期研究为现代气象预测奠定了基础。)
2. “帮助” 的多种英语表达
词汇 / 短语 用法场景 例句
help (to) do sth. 最常用,口语和书面语均可 She helped (to) organize the event.
assist (in) doing 较正式,侧重 “协助” The teacher assisted in grading papers.
aid (in) doing 强调 “援助”(尤指困难情境) International organizations aided in rebuilding.
contribute to (doing) 间接 “有助于”(通过提供条件) Regular exercise contributes to improving health.
3. “预测” 的相关词汇
近义词:
forecast(尤指天气预报,如 weather forecast)
foresee(侧重 “预见”,如 foresee future trends)
anticipate(预期并做好准备,如 anticipate demand)
例句:
Meteorologists use data to forecast storms.(气象学家用数据预报风暴。)
No one could have foreseen the impact of this invention.(没人能预见这项发明的影响。)
四、巩固练习
翻译句子:
这些研究结果帮助我们理解气候变化。
These findings help us (to) understand climate change.
句型转换:
His research assisted in developing new technology.(改为同义句)
His research helped (to) develop new technology.
选择题:
The report’s ______ showed that air pollution was increasing.
A. findings B. discovery C. result
(答案:A,“研究结果” 常用复数 findings,discovery 强调首次发现,result 较泛指)
32.What's more,Franklin had a great love for science,so his countless inventions came as no surprise.词组点,语法点,拓展点
以下是关于句子 What's more, Franklin had a great love for science, so his countless inventions came as no surprise 的词组、语法点及拓展内容解析:
一、重点词组解析
1. What's more
含义:此外,而且(用于补充说明,引出递进关系的内容,相当于 “besides” 或 “moreover”)。
用法:
独立作状语,用逗号与主句隔开,常用于句首。
例句:
She's smart. What's more, she works extremely hard.(她很聪明,而且工作非常努力。)
The hotel is cheap. What's more, it's close to the beach.(这家酒店价格便宜,此外还靠近海滩。)
拓展:
同类表达:
Additionally / Furthermore / In addition(更正式)
Also(较口语化)
2. had a great love for science
结构:have a love for sth.(对某事有热爱)→ 用 “great” 加强程度,意为 “非常热爱科学”。
例句:
She has a deep love for music.(她对音乐有深厚的热爱。)
Children often have a natural love for adventure.(孩子们通常对冒险有天生的热爱。)
拓展:
同义表达:
be passionate about science(更强调强烈的热情)
have a strong enthusiasm for science(enthusiasm 指 “热情,热忱”)
动词形式:love (v.) → love doing sth.(热爱做某事),如 He loves experimenting.
3. countless inventions
含义:无数的发明(countless 意为 “数不清的;无数的”,强调数量极多)。
例句:
The internet has brought countless opportunities.(互联网带来了无数机会。)
There are countless stars in the universe.(宇宙中有无数星星。)
拓展:
近义词:
numerous /countless/innumerable(正式)
a great number of(后接可数名词复数)
反义词:few(几乎没有)、limited(有限的)
4. came as no surprise
结构:come as no surprise(不足为奇;意料之中)→ 固定搭配,其中 come 可根据时态变化(如 came /comes)。
含义:“his countless inventions came as no surprise” 意为 “他无数的发明并不令人意外”。
例句:
That she won the competition came as no surprise.(她赢得比赛不足为奇。)
His success comes as no surprise to those who know him.(了解他的人对他的成功并不意外。)
拓展:
同义表达:
be not surprising / be expected
It is no surprise that...(句型转换),如 It was no surprise that he invented many things.
反义表达:come as a surprise(令人意外)
二、语法点解析
1. 并列句(Compound Sentence)
句子结构:
前半句:What's more, Franklin had a great love for science
后半句:so his countless inventions came as no surprise
连接词:so(因此,所以)→ 表示因果关系,连接两个独立分句。
逻辑关系:
原因:热爱科学(had a great love for science)
结果:发明无数且不足为奇(inventions came as no surprise)
注意:
so 是连词,不能与 because 连用(中文 “因为… 所以…” 在英文中需二选一)。
例句对比:
Because he studied hard, he passed the exam.
He studied hard, so he passed the exam.
Because he studied hard, so he passed the exam.
2. 时态与语态
时态:一般过去时(had /came)→ 描述过去的事实(富兰克林的生平事迹)。
语态:主动语态(主语是动作的发出者,如 “Franklin had...”, “inventions came...”)。
三、拓展点:富兰克林的科学贡献与发明
1. 本杰明 富兰克林的著名发明
发明 / 贡献 时间 意义 / 特点
避雷针(Lightning Rod) 1752 年 防止建筑物遭雷击,奠定电学基础
富兰克林炉(Franklin Stove) 1742 年 高效取暖炉,减少燃料消耗
双焦距眼镜(Bifocal Glasses) 1784 年 同时矫正近视和远视,方便阅读
湾流研究(Gulf Stream) 1769 年 绘制墨西哥湾流地图,推动航海学发展
2. “热爱” 的英语表达对比
表达 程度 / 情感 例句
love 强烈的喜爱,可指人或事物 He has a love for teaching.
passion 强烈的热情,近乎痴迷的热爱 Her passion for art led her to Paris.
enthusiasm 热情,侧重积极投入的态度 The team showed great enthusiasm for the project.
affection 温和的喜爱,侧重情感联结 She has a deep affection for her hometown.
3. “结果” 的逻辑连接词
连接词 用法场景 例句
so 口语和书面语均可,简洁直接 It was raining, so we stayed at home.
therefore 正式,常用于学术写作 He didn’t study; therefore, he failed.
as a result 后接逗号,单独作状语 She practiced daily. As a result, she improved.
consequently 强调因果的连贯性 The company lost money; consequently, it laid off workers.
四、巩固练习
翻译句子:
此外,她热爱阅读,所以她总是有很多想法。
What's more, she has a great love for reading, so she always has many ideas.
句型转换:
It is no surprise that he won the award.(改为同义句)
His winning the award came as no surprise.
选择题:
He has ______ friends because he is kind.
A. countless B. few C. limited
(答案:A,“善良” 对应 “无数朋友”,few 和 limited 表否定或数量少,不符合逻辑)
33.Even in his late 70s,he invented a type of special glasses to help him see better.词组点,语法点,拓展点
以下是关于句子 Even in his late 70s, he invented a type of special glasses to help him see better 的词组、语法点及拓展内容解析:
一、重点词组解析
1. Even in his late 70s
含义:甚至在他七十多岁后期(强调年龄很大时仍做某事)。
in one’s + 整十复数:表示 “在某人几十岁时”,如 in his 20s(在他二十多岁时)。
late:表示 “后期的”,区分:
in his early 70s(七十岁出头,约 70-73 岁)
in his mid-70s(七十岁中期,约 74-76 岁)
in his late 70s(七十岁后期,约 77-79 岁)
例句:
She learned to play the piano in her late 50s.(她在五十多岁后期开始学钢琴。)
Many people travel more in their early 60s.(许多人在六十岁出头时更常旅行。)
拓展:
同义表达:even when he was in his late 70s(用时间状语从句替换介词短语)。
2. invented a type of special glasses
结构:invent(发明)+ a type of(一种)+ 名词(special glasses)。
invent vs. discover:
invent:创造原本不存在的事物(如发明工具、机器)。
discover:发现已存在但未被人知的事物(如发现新大陆、科学规律)。
例句:
Edison invented the light bulb.(发明)
Columbus discovered America.(发现)
a type of:一种,同类表达:
a kind of /a sort of(较口语化)
a variety of(强调多样性,后接复数名词)
拓展:
富兰克林发明的 “特殊眼镜” 指 双焦距眼镜(bifocal glasses),他因视力问题在 1784 年发明,镜片上半部分看远处,下半部分看近处。
3. to help him see better
结构:不定式短语(to do)作目的状语,意为 “为了帮助他看得更清楚”。
语法功能:
回答 “为什么做某事” 的问题,可置于句首或句尾(句首时用逗号隔开)。
例句:
He studies hard to pass the exam.(他努力学习为了通过考试。)
To improve his English, he watches movies every day.(为了提高英语,他每天看电影。)
拓展:
同义表达:
in order to help him see better(更强调目的,可用于句首或句中)
so as to help him see better(较正式,一般不用于句首)
Frankin did not make money from any of his inventions but let people use them for free.
解析:
1. make money from
含义:从…… 赚钱,靠…… 获利。
同义表达:
earn money from / profit from / gain money by
例句:
She makes money from teaching online.(她通过在线教学赚钱。)
Artists rarely make much money from their early works.(艺术家很少从早期作品中赚大钱。)
2. any of his inventions
结构:any(任何)+ of + 限定词(his)+ 复数名词(inventions)。
用法:
“any of + 复数名词” 用于否定句或疑问句中,表示 “任何一个 / 所有”。
例句:
I don’t like any of these books.(否定句:这些书我一本都不喜欢。)
Did you finish any of the homework (疑问句:你完成任何一项作业了吗?)
对比:
“some of + 复数名词” 用于肯定句,如:Some of his ideas were revolutionary.(他的一些想法很革命性。)
3. let people use them for free
结构:let + 宾语(people)+ 动词原形(use)+ 状语(for free)。
let 的用法:
使役动词,意为 “让…… 做某事”,后接省略 to 的不定式(即动词原形)。
例句:
Let me help you.(让我帮你。)
The teacher lets students read aloud in class.(老师让学生在课堂上大声朗读。)
for free:免费地(副词短语)。
同义表达:free of charge(较正式)。
例句:
The museum offers tours for free every Sunday.(博物馆每周日免费提供导览。)
使役动词 let 的常见搭配
使役动词 结构 例句
let let sb. do sth. Let him decide.(让他决定。)
make make sb. do sth. The boss made them work overtime.(老板让他们加班。)
have have sb. do sth. I’ll have my assistant prepare the report.(我会让助理准备报告。)
His greatness goes further than that.As a lifelong learner,he saw learning as an exciting and endless journey,full of wonder and success This is his greatest gift to the world.
解析:
1. go further than that
含义:比那更进一步;不仅限于此。
结构:
go further(进一步延伸)+ than that(指代前文提到的内容)。
例句:
Her influence goes further than that — she changed the entire industry.(她的影响不止于此 —— 她改变了整个行业。)
His responsibilities go further than that of a typical manager.(他的职责比普通经理更广泛。)
拓展:
在句中,"that" 指代前文提到的富兰克林在科学发明、公益服务等具体成就,"goes further" 引出其更深远的精神品质(如终身学习理念)。
2. lifelong learner
含义:终身学习者(名词短语)。
构词法:
lifelong(形容词,终身的)+ learner(名词,学习者)→ 复合名词。
例句:
Being a lifelong learner helps you adapt to new challenges.(成为终身学习者有助于应对新挑战。)
Many successful people attribute their achievements to being lifelong learners.(许多成功人士将成就归功于终身学习。)
3. see...as...
含义:把…… 视为……;认为…… 是……。
用法:
as 后接名词、形容词或名词短语,构成宾语补足语。
例句:
She sees failure as a chance to learn.(她把失败视为学习的机会。)
They see the project as a great success.(他们认为这个项目非常成功。)
同义表达:
regard...as... / consider...(as)... / view...as...
4. full of wonder and success
结构:形容词短语作后置定语,修饰名词 journey。
含义:充满奇迹与成功。
例句:
The book describes a life full of adventure.(这本书描绘了充满冒险的一生。)
Their journey together was full of challenges.(他们共同的旅程充满挑战。)
拓展:
"full of + 抽象名词" 常用于描述事物的特征,类似结构:full of hope /joy/wisdom(充满希望 / 喜悦 / 智慧)。
5. gift to the world
含义:给世界的礼物(引申为 “对世界的贡献”)。
搭配:
gift 后接介词 to,表示 “给…… 的礼物”。
例句:
Her music is a gift to humanity.(她的音乐是给人类的礼物。)
His ideas were a gift to future generations.(他的思想是留给后代的礼物。)
What do most people know Benjamin Franklin for
解析:
1. know sb. for sth.
含义:因某事而了解 / 认识某人;某人因某事而出名。
结构:
know(动词,知道 / 了解)+ 宾语(sb.)+ for sth.(介词短语作原因状语)。
例句:
People know Newton for his laws of motion.(人们因牛顿的运动定律而认识他。)
She is known for her contributions to environmental protection.(她因对环保的贡献而闻名。)
同义表达:
be known/famous for sth.(更侧重被动语态,强调 “被熟知”)
be recognized for sth.
2. most people
含义:大多数人(泛指人群,作主语时谓语动词用复数)。
结构:most(形容词 / 代词,大多数的)+ 可数名词复数(people)。
注意:
people 是集合名词,本身表示复数概念,不能加 -s。
例句:
Most people enjoy outdoor activities.(大多数人喜欢户外活动)
3. 特殊疑问句结构:What do...for
句型功能:
询问 “人们因何事而了解某人”,即某人的主要成就或标志性事件。
How did Franklin go on learning after he left school
解析:
Go on doing 继续做某事
Leave 用法
leave A for B 离开A地去B地
Leave sth adj 使某物处于某种状态
Leave sth sp 把某物忘在某地
Why did Franklin often stay up very late when he was young
解析:
Stay up late 熬夜很晚
Grammar&Integration
Daniel is reading a blog post about the story of a successful teenager。Daniel正在读一篇关于个成功的青少年的博客。
解析:
Steve,a middle school student,is well-known for inventing an amazing language learning app.Steve,一个中学生,因为发明了一个令人震惊的语言学习软件而有名。
解析:
a middle school student
用法:名词短语作同位语,解释说明主语 Steve 的身份,意为 “一名中学生”。
结构:middle school(中学)为合成名词,修饰 student,类似表达:primary school student(小学生)。
be well-known for (doing) sth.
固定搭配:表 “因(做)某事而闻名”,for 为介词,后接名词或动名词。
例句:She is well-known for her singing.(她因唱歌闻名。)
同义转换:be famous for / be renowned for。
inventing an amazing language learning app
结构:动名词 inventing(发明)+ 宾语(app),amazing 和 language learning 均为定语。
细节:
language learning app(语言学习应用),复合名词作定语;
amazing(令人惊叹的)为形容词修饰 app。
His idea for developing the app came from a trip to Italy with his parents.
解析:
1.his idea for developing the app
结构:名词短语(his idea)+ 介词短语(for developing the app)作后置定语。
含义:“他开发这个应用程序的想法”。
用法:“for + 动名词(developing)” 表示目的,类似表达如 “a plan for solving the problem”(解决问题的计划)。
2.come from
词性:动词短语,意为 “来自;源于”。
例句拓展:
Her inspiration comes from nature.(她的灵感来自自然。)
The tradition comes from ancient times.(这个传统源于古代。)
3.a trip to Italy
结构:名词短语,“a trip” 表示 “一次旅行”,“to Italy” 作地点状语,说明旅行的目的地。
搭配延伸:“a trip to + 地点” 为固定搭配,如 “a trip to the beach”(去海滩的旅行)。
Steve and his parents cant speak a word of Italian,and they are not good at English,so it come as no surprise that they ran into countless problems during their trip
解析:
1.can’t speak a word of Italian
结构:情态动词 + 否定 + 动词短语(speak a word of + 语言)。
含义:“一句意大利语都不会说”,“a word of” 表示 “一点、一句”,用于否定句中强调完全不会。
拓展:类似表达如 “can’t understand a word of French”(一句法语都不懂)。
2.be not good at English
结构:系表结构(be + 形容词短语),“be good at” 意为 “擅长”,否定形式为 “be not good at”。
同义替换:“be poor at”/“not do well in”,如:They do poorly in English.
3.come as no surprise
动词短语:“不足为奇”,其中 “come as” 表示 “作为…… 出现”,“no surprise” 为表语。
例句:It comes as no surprise that she won the competition.(她赢得比赛不足为奇。)
run into countless problems
结构:动词短语 “run into”(遇到)+ 宾语(problems),“countless” 为形容词 “无数的”。
同义表达:“encounter numerous problems” 或 “face many difficulties”。
They could not express themselves clearly and almost missed their plane home.
解析:
同课章节目录