Unit 1 Me and my class知识清单（含书面表达）【冀教2024版八上英语】

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八上Unit 1 Me and my class知识清单
一、重要词汇讲解
chat /t t/v.&n. 聊天；闲聊
课文例句：Li Ming, Jenny, and Brian are chatting online.
补充例句：We often chat about our favorite movies after class.
introduce /,intr 'dju:s/v. 介绍；引进
课文例句：Jenny: Hi, Li Ming. Let me introduce you to my cousin, Brian.
补充例句：My teacher will introduce a new student to the class tomorrow.
interested /'intr std/adj. 感兴趣的
课文例句：Brian: Yes,and I am very interested in Chinese culture.
补充例句：She is interested in reading science fiction.
physics /'fiziks/n. 物理学
课文例句：Li Ming: It's going well. It's similar to Grade 7. We have a new subject this term-physics.
补充例句：Physics is a difficult but interesting subject.
engineer /,end ′ni (r)/n. 工程师
课文例句：Li Ming: Well, I'm not sure yet. Maybe I'll be a teacher or an engineer.
补充例句：His father is an engineer who works in a big company.
talented /'t l ntid/adj. 有才能的
课文例句：Jenny: Thanks, Li Ming. Jenny: Hmm, I'll consider that! Brian is talented in art.
补充例句：She is talented in playing the piano.
require /r'kwaia (r)/v. 需要；要求
课文例句：Li Ming: I do know that every job requires hard work.
补充例句：This job requires a lot of patience.
pilot /'pail t/n. 飞行员
课文例句：Maybe I'll be an airplane pilot.
补充例句：His dream is to be a pilot and fly around the world.
overcome /, uv 'k m/v. 克服；战胜
课文例句：I can take steps to overcome my fear.
补充例句：We should try to overcome all the difficulties in life.
design /dr'zarn/v.&n. 设计
课文例句：I hope to design a new type of plane someday.
补充例句：She wants to design clothes for famous models.
二、重要词组搭配用法解析
be interested in 对…… 感兴趣，后接名词或动名词
课文例句：Brian: Yes,and I am very interested in Chinese culture.
补充例句：He is interested in playing basketball.
help...with... 帮助…… 做……
课文例句：Brian: I hope you can help me with it.
补充例句：She often helps her mother with housework.
look forward to 期待，后接名词或动名词
课文例句：I'm looking forward to another fantastic week!
补充例句：We are looking forward to the summer holiday.
stop...from... 阻止…… 做……
课文例句：but this won't stop me becoming a pilot.
补充例句：The rain didn't stop us from going on a picnic.
take steps 采取措施
课文例句：I can take steps to overcome my fear.
补充例句：The government will take steps to protect the environment.
grow up 长大
课文例句：When I grow up, I want to be an airplane pilot.
补充例句：What do you want to be when you grow up
talk about 谈论
课文例句：Today at school, we talked about our future jobs.
补充例句：They often talk about their favorite books.
learn from 向…… 学习
课文例句：We can learn together.
补充例句：We should learn from each other's mistakes.
三、单元语法知识讲解
本单元主要涉及简单句的基本结构，包括 SV（主语 + 谓语）、SP（主语 + 表语）、SVO（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语）、SVOO（主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语）、SVOC（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语）。
SV（Subject+Verb）含义：主语发出动作。
课文例句：They（S） learn (V) together.
补充例句：He (S) runs (V) fast.
SP（Subject+Predicate）
含义：主语具有某种性质或状态，谓语通常是系动词（be, seem, look 等）。
课文例句：It (S) seems (P) interesting.
补充例句：She (S) is (P) happy.
SVO（Subject+Verb+Object）含义：主语发出动作，动作涉及到宾语。
课文例句：I (S ) love (V) physics (O).
补充例句：He (S) reads (V) books (O).
SVOO（Subject+Verb+Indirect Object+Direct Object）
含义：主语发出动作，动作先涉及间接宾语，再涉及直接宾语。
课文例句：I (S) won't lend (V) you (IO) my homework (DO).
（you 是间接宾语，my homework 是直接宾语）
补充例句：She (S) gave (V) me (IO) a present (DO).（me 是间接宾语，a present 是直接宾语）
SVOC（Subject+Verb+Object+Complement）
含义：主语发出动作，动作涉及宾语，宾语补足语补充说明宾语的情况。
课文例句：Their classmates (S) call (V) them (O) two peas in a pod (C).（them 是宾语，two peas in a pod 是宾语补足语）
补充例句：We (S) made (V) him (O) our monitor (C).
（him 是宾语，our monitor 是宾语补足语）
四、本单元写作指导
（一）写作相关词汇词组
新学校生活相关词汇：new subjects（新科目）、Grade 8（八年级）、physics（物理）、French（法语）、gym class（体育课）、experiment（实验）、timetable（时间表）
未来相关词汇：future jobs（未来工作）、airplane pilot（飞行员）、engineer（工程师）、language teacher（语言老师）、hard work（努力工作）、dream（梦想）
友谊的描述：best friends（最好的朋友）、two peas in a pod（形影不离）、argue（争吵）、support each other（互相支持）、talk it out（说清楚）
第一周学校生活相关：first week（第一周）、summer break（暑假）、classmates（同学）、postcard（明信片）、volunteer（志愿者）、concert（音乐会）、football match（足球比赛）
（二）高分句式句型
Maybe I'll be a teacher or an engineer.
I do know that every job requires hard work.
It's similar to Grade 7.
Friday was special because we had our first physics class.
Good friends don't have to say sorry.
We can learn so much from each other.
（三）参考范文
Li Ming's Diary
Date: September 12
Weather: cloudy, windy, and cool
Dear Diary,
I'm back at school. After a long summer break, it was so nice to see my classmates again!
On Monday, I got up early. I met all my classmates at school. We talked, laughed, and shared stories about the fun things we did over the summer. Li Lin told us about her trip to Hainan. She bought many postcards for us. Wang Mei went to volunteer in a mountain village. Song Hua learned to play the guitar and went to a concert. It was amazing to hear all about their summer vacations.
During the gym class on Wednesday, we played football. My friend Jack and I were on the same team, and it felt great working together again. The game was super exciting. It was a tie game until the other team scored in the last minute. I felt a little sad about losing but playing our best was still lots of fun.
Friday was special because we had our first physics class. Physics is a new subject for us, and our teacher showed us some cool experiments. I felt excited to learn more about the wonders of science.
Well, it's time for bed now. I'm looking forward to another fantastic week!
（四）写作模板
写第一周学校生活的日记模板
Date: [具体日期]
Weather: [天气情况]
Dear Diary,
I'm back at school. After the summer break, it's great to see my classmates again!
On Monday, [描述周一的活动，如：I had my first class of the new term. We talked about our summer holidays. / My friend told me about his interesting trip.]
On [周二 / 周三等], [描述当天的活动，如：We had a PE class and played basketball. / Our teacher introduced a new subject to us.]
[其他几天的活动描述]
This week was [感受，如：exciting /interesting]. I'm looking forward to [对接下来的期待，如：learning more new things /having more fun with my classmates].
五、相关练习题
（一）词汇练习题
根据提示写出单词。
（聊天；闲聊）c_ _t
（介绍；引进）i_ t d c
（物理学）p_ s _s
（工程师）e_ g e _r
（飞行员）p_ l _
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
He is interested in ______ (learn) English.
She wants ______ (be) a doctor when she grows up.
They ______ (chat) online last night.
We should ______ (overcome) the difficulties.
My father ______ (design) a new car last year.
（二）词组练习题
用适当的词组填空。
She often helps her brother ______ his maths.
We are looking forward ______ the coming party.
The heavy rain didn't stop them ______ playing outside.
He will take ______ to improve his English.
When I ______, I want to travel around the world.
（三）语法练习题
判断下列句子的结构类型（SV、SP、SVO、SVOO、SVOC）。
She is happy. ( )
He gave me a book. ( )
They run fast. ( )
I love my parents. ( )
We call him Tom. ( )
（四）写作练习题
根据写作模板，写一篇关于你第一周学校生活的日记。
参考答案：
词汇练习题答案解析
根据提示写出单词
chat：根据音标和含义提示，“聊天；闲聊” 对应的单词是 “chat” 。
introduce：“介绍；引进”，结合常见词汇拼写，答案为 “introduce”。
physics：“物理学” 是学科类名词，对应单词 “physics”。
engineer：“工程师” 的英文单词为 “engineer” 。
pilot：“飞行员” 对应的英文单词是 “pilot”。
用所给单词的适当形式填空
learning：“be interested in” 后接名词或动名词，“learn” 是动词，所以用动名词形式 “learning” 。
to be：“want to do sth.” 为固定搭配，表示 “想要做某事”，所以 “want” 后接动词不定式 “to be” 。
chatted：由 “last night” 可知句子时态为一般过去时，“chat” 的过去式是 “chatted”。
overcome：“should” 为情态动词，后接动词原形，所以填 “overcome”。
designed：“last year” 表明句子时态是一般过去时，“design” 的过去式是 “designed” 。
（二）词组练习题 用适当的词组填空
with：“help...with...” 表示 “帮助…… 做……”，所以这里填 “with”，句意为 “她经常帮助她弟弟学习数学” 。
to：“look forward to” 为固定短语，意为 “期待”，后接名词或动名词，所以填 “to”，“我们期待着即将到来的派对”。
from：“stop...from...” 意思是 “阻止…… 做……”，所以填 “from”，“大雨没有阻止他们在外面玩耍”。
steps：“take steps” 表示 “采取措施”，“他将采取措施提高他的英语水平”，故填 “steps” 。
grow up：“When I grow up, I want to travel around the world.” 意思是 “当我长大后，我想环游世界”，“grow up” 表示 “长大”。
（三）语法练习题
判断下列句子的结构类型（SV、SP、SVO、SVOO、SVOC）
She is happy. (SP)：“is” 是系动词，“happy” 描述主语 “she” 的状态，属于主语 + 表语结构。
He gave me a book. (SVOO)：“gave” 是谓语动词，“me” 是间接宾语，“a book” 是直接宾语，符合主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语结构。
They run fast. (SV)：“run” 是谓语动词，“fast” 是副词修饰 “run”，“they” 发出 “run” 这个动作，属于主语 + 谓语结构。
I love my parents. (SVO)：“love” 是谓语，“my parents” 是 “love” 这个动作的对象，即宾语，是主语 + 谓语 + 宾语结构。
We call him Tom. (SVOC)：“call” 是谓语，“him” 是宾语，“Tom” 补充说明宾语 “him”，是宾语补足语，属于主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构。
（四）写作练习题
第一周学校生活日记参考范文
Date: September 5
Weather: Sunny
Dear Diary,
I'm back at school. After the summer break, it's great to see my classmates again!
On Monday, I walked into the classroom with excitement. Everyone was chatting about their summer adventures. My best friend showed me the beautiful photos she took during her trip to the beach. We also got our new textbooks and met our teachers. The English teacher seemed really nice and made the class full of fun.
On Tuesday, we had our first French class. It was a completely new subject for me. The teacher taught us some basic greetings and simple words. Although it was a bit difficult at first, I found it very interesting. In the afternoon, we had a gym class. We played volleyball, and I worked with my team to score points. It was tiring but enjoyable.
On Wednesday, we started learning physics. Our teacher demonstrated some amazing experiments, like making a small electric circuit. I was so curious about how things worked in the world of science. After school, I joined the school's art club. I met many talented classmates there, and we painted together.
On Thursday, there was a football match between our class and another class. Everyone cheered loudly for our team. Though we didn't win, we learned a lot from the game and became more united.
On Friday, we had a group discussion in the history class. We talked about famous historical events and shared different opinions. It was a great chance to learn from each other.
This week was extremely exciting. I made new friends, learned many new things, and had a lot of fun. I'm looking forward to exploring more interesting things in the following weeks!