Section Ⅲ Using language
语法项目——基本句子结构
语境中体悟
the primary and middle school. “comfort zone”，feeling they have a sense of control over their relationships.But when the first real day of high school comes, . .As a result, out of their comfort zone.Here I give them advice.First, are and who they are on the road to becoming in high school.Second, there are many new things .The new life will .
[语法入门]
①句为主谓宾状结构：主语是A lot of students，谓语是know，宾语是each other，状语是from the primary and middle school；
②句为主系表结构：主语是They，表语是in their “comfort zone”；
③句为主谓结构：主语是that，谓语是will change；
④句为主系表结构：主语是Some students，表语是scared；
⑤句为主谓宾宾补结构：主语是I，谓语是encourage，宾语是high school freshmen，宾补是to step out of their comfort zone；
⑥句为主谓宾宾结构：主语是I，谓语是give，直接宾语是some advice，间接宾语是them；
⑦句为主谓宾结构：主语是students，谓语是should accept，宾语是and连接的两个who引导的宾语从句；
⑧句为there be句型；
⑨句为主谓宾宾补结构：主语是The new life，谓语是will make，宾语是students，宾补是 brave and confident。
学案中理清
一、句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。
句子成分包括以下几类：
成分 意义 位置 可充当词
主语S(subject) 句子的主体，是谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出 位于句首 名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句等
谓语V(verb) 谓语表示主语的特征、行为或状态，谓语动词与主语在人称和数上须保持一致 主语之后 实义动词和系表结构
宾语O(object) 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 动词或介词后 名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或名词性从句等
直接宾语DO(direct object) 表示动作的对象、承受者或后果，一般是物 动词后 名词(短语)、代词
间接宾语IO(indirect object) 表示动作是向某人或为某人做的，一般是人 动词后 名词、代词
表语P(predicative) 说明主语的品质、身份、性质、特征和状态等 系动词后 名词、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句等
宾语补足语OC(object complement) 补充说明宾语的动作或状态 宾语后 名词、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等
定语Attr.(attributive) 修饰、限制名词或代词 被修饰词的前面或后面 名词(短语)、动名词、代词、数词、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等
状语A (adverbial) 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 位置灵活 副词(短语)、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等
[对点练]
用S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, OC标出句子成分
①Many students often get up early in the morning.
②He took changes from his pocket to buy a newspaper.
③John asked me to help him with his Chinese.
④A barking dog seldom bites.
⑤Our teacher told us an interesting story.
⑥Your father seemed angry.
二、基本句式结构
|自主感知|
①Everyone│laughed so much!
②Our school│held│a cross country running race.
③Your story│sounds│interesting.
④The president│showed│me│her daughter's pictures.
⑤They│usually keep│the door│open.
⑥Everything│goes│well.
⑦The man│raised│his arms│above his head.
⑧There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.
[我的发现] (在表格右栏填入对应的句子序号)
主语＋谓语(S＋V)
主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)
主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C)
there be句式(There be ...)
主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A)
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)
|语法规则|
句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种，其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。八种基本句式如下：
1．主语＋谓语(S＋V)
这种简单句的谓语部分是不及物动词，意义很完整。这种句子没有被动语态。
The exchange students are registering.
这些交换生正在登记。
We all breathe，drink and eat.
我们都要呼吸、喝水和吃饭。
2．主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
这种简单句的谓语部分是及物动词，有些不及物动词后加上介词也可看成一个及物动词。
The students are doing an experiment.
学生们正在做一个实验。
She usually puts off carrying out her promise.
她经常拖延履行她的诺言。
You must listen to me.
你必须听我的。
3．主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)
这种简单句表示主语的性质、状态、身份等。
He became a teacher of English.
他成了一名英语教师。
(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Long distance running is a kind of exercise which is of great help.
长跑是一种有很大帮助的运动。
She looked a little annoyed.
她看上去有点生气。
[名师点津] 英语中常见的系动词有：be动词、感官类动词(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表变化类动词(get，become，turn，go，grow，come等)、表保持类动词(keep，stay，remain等)，可充当表语的形式有：形容词(短语)、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词(短语)和从句等。
4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 (直接宾语和间接宾语叫作双宾语)(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
My sister told me a long story.
＝My sister told a long story to me.
我姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。
The professor gave us an exciting lecture.
＝The professor gave an exciting lecture to us.
教授给我们做了一场激动人心的讲座。
[名师点津] 双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)，间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在，它和直接宾语组成双宾语。双宾语的常见结构：
(1)bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sb.sth.＝bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sth.to sb.
(2)buy/make sb.sth.＝buy/make sth.for sb.
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补(宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语)(S＋V＋O＋C)
(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Running also makes us strengthen our body.
跑步还能让我们强壮身体。
I found his design very impressive.
我发现他的设计让人印象很深刻。
I found myself in a strange place.
我发现自己在一个陌生的地方。
The guide showed all the visitors in.
导游把所有的游客都带了进来。
[名师点津] 宾补用来补充说明宾语的身份、地位或所处的状态。可作宾补的有：名词、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)等。平时常见常考的宾补结构有：
(1)ask，want，like，allow，advise，teach，persuade 等＋宾语＋to do 作宾补；
(2)感官动词：see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear等＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/现在分词/过去分词作宾补；
(3)使役动词：let＋宾语＋省略to的不定式作宾补；
make＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/过去分词作宾补；have＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/现在分词/过去分词作宾补。
注意：上述加省略to的不定式作宾补的动词如果变成被动语态，省掉的to要加上。
She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.她让我们等她的答复等了一个多星期。
I often hear her sing a German song in her lovely voice.
＝She is often heard by me to sing a German song in her lovely voice.
我时常听到她用迷人的声音唱一首德语歌曲。
I will have all my clothes washed this afternoon.
今天下午我将把所有的衣服都洗完。
6．主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A)
My parents live in Beijing.
我的父母住在北京。
They are playing happily over there.
他们正在那边玩得很开心。
Seeing the cat，the mouse ran off.
见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
7．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)
He reached the station finally，only to be told the train had left.
他最后到了车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。
Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the lab.
后面跟着一群学生，老师走进了实验室。
Although he was so tired，he still helped his father pick apples on the farm.
虽然他很累，但是依然在农场帮助爸爸摘苹果。
[名师点津] 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，分为时间、地点、方式、比较、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步状语。介词短语、副词(短语)、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)和从句都可充当状语；状语通常位于句末，也可位于句首和句中。
8．There be ...结构
There aren't many books on the shelf.
书架上没有多少书。
There is a chair，two desks，and a bed in the room.房间里有一把椅子、两张桌子和一张床。
[名师点津] 在there be句型中，be动词的单复数与最靠近的名词的单复数保持一致，即遵循就近原则。
[对点练] (翻译句子)
①路上的汽车太多了。
②我的爱好包括旅游和游泳。
③他家昨晚发生了火灾。
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)他鼓励我继续写作。
⑤他们所有人都很吃惊。
⑥我记得你展示给我了一些那个主题的照片。
⑦我们必须保持学校干净。
应用中融通
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·浙江1月高考) I should hardly be __________ (surprise) that there are no longer any public telephones near my house.
2．(2022·全国乙卷)__________ (listen) to English songs is the most popular way.
3．(2023·浙江1月高考)As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself ___________(want) to speak up for yourself.
4．The girl was looking at the lovely cat ______________ (happy)．
5．The light __________ (travel) fast.
6．We're considering ______________ (buy) a new car.
7．The building looked as ________ (impress) in actuality as it did in photographs.
8．My mother bought ________ (I) a birthday gift.
9．The police are advising people __________ (stay) at home.
10．There __________ (be) a butterfly and two insects in the picture.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．(2023·浙江1月高考)The term “hutong”， originally meaning “water well ” in Mongolian, ____________________________.(appear)
“胡同”一词在蒙古语中意为“水井”，最早出现在元朝。
2．(2023·浙江1月高考写作)And I ______________________________， trying to give her some water.(take out)
我赶紧拿出我的水瓶，想给它点水喝。
3．The beauty of the West Lake is ______________________.(description)
西湖美得难以形容。
4．Bernard returned __________________________________.(empty)
伯纳德带着一个空篮子回来了。
5．__________________________ a free home delivery service.(offer)
我们为客户提供免费送货上门的服务。
6．(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)He always ______________________________.(encourage)
他总是鼓励我做一个真正的男子汉。
7．He was making a speech ________________.
他正在自信地做着演讲。
8．________________ detective stories.(enjoy)
我爱读侦探小说。
9．_______________________________________my inner self.(explore, touch)
我想探寻、了解内心的自我。
10．My heart ______________________.(sink)
我的心突然沉了下来。
教材听力“再利用”
一、由听力厚积语料库
1．______________ 有充足的时间做任何事情
2．______________ 几乎，差不多
3．______________ 把要做的事情列成清单
4．______________ 列出我们要做的事情
5．take up ________________
6．make better plans ________________
7．at a time ________________
8．do important things first ________________
二、教材录音材料的发掘训练
1．What are the speakers mainly talking about？( )
A．How to manage time well at senior high.
B．How to join clubs at senior high.
C．How to stop forgetting something.
2. What did Bruno's father suggest？( )
A．Doing one thing at a time.
B．Making a to do list.
C．Trying all of good ideas.
3. How many ideas are mentioned in the dialogue？( )
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.
三、依据教材听力完成句子
1．________________________ life at senior high
2．The one problem is that I just don't ______________________________ for everything.
3．And __________________________ the time it takes to do the activities
4．For example, if you do your homework ________________________， it will just take longer to finish your homework.
5．How about we try all of them for a week and see_______________________？
四、听说交际训练
根据提示，完成下面关于开学时同学初遇的对话。
Joey：Hello, nice to meet you.My name is Joey.
Anna：Hi，Joey.I'm Anna.
Joey：What's up
Anna：Nothing much! I guess we'll ①__________________________ (在同一个班学习)．
Joey：That's right.Are you nervous on the first day of school
Anna：Yes.②________________ (我如此紧张) that I ③____________________________ (把我的课本遗忘在家里)．
Joey：Really ④________________________ (那太糟了)．
Anna: Yeah, it may be gone for good, I guess.Now I ⑤___________________________ (不知道该怎么办)．
Joey：I'm sorry to hear that.Such a nice and beautiful girl ⑥______________________ (不应该伤心)．Here，take mine!
Anna：Thanks a million.I owe you one! Catch you later.
听力素养“漫养成”
养成“边听边记”的良好习惯
听录音时，记下关键信息，如姓名、数字、事实和说明，将有助于理解并记住所听到的信息。记笔记时可灵活运用各种速记方法，包括使用缩写、简写和符号等。例如，可用 “be” 表示because，用“yrs”表示年份，用“＋”表示and等等。此外，还应注意以下几点：
1．只记录听力中的关键词，一般是名词、动词、形容词、否定词等，听懂了再记录。
2．理解听力材料的逻辑有助于确定关键信息，故应特别关注表达转折、对比、因果、顺承、举例等逻辑关系的词语。
3．对于漏听、漏记的内容不必纠结。一般来说，当有重要的信息或生僻词出现时，讲话者会作出必要的解释。当遇到障碍时，如果停下来回想就会遗漏更多信息。因此，要学会跳过障碍继续往下听，快速记下后面的信息。
1．Join the Debate Club! 加入辩论俱乐部！
★debate n．讨论，辩论 v．辩论，讨论；仔细考虑
|用|法|感|知|
(“场景描写”写作佳句)The students are having a heated debate about where to go for a picnic.
学生们正激烈地讨论着去哪里野炊。
(“丰富细节”写作佳句)After the post appeared online, many people began to debate it.
这篇文章在网上出现之后，许多人开始讨论它。
This Mother's Day I was debating what to give my mother.
这个母亲节我在考虑送给母亲什么礼物。
(1)have a debate on/about/over sth.进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论
under debate 在辩论/讨论中
a heated/lively debate一场激烈的/热烈的辩论
(2)debate sth.with sb. 就……与某人辩论
debate doing sth. 考虑做某事
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/一句多译)
①Even though the law is __________ debate now, it will be passed soon.
②For a moment Mary debated ___________(tell) Rick the truth.
③昨天评委们讨论了哪位艺术家的作品应该获奖。
→Yesterday the judges___________ which artist's work should be chosen for the prize.
→Yesterday the judges ____________ which artist's work should be chosen for the prize.
2．Argue about the week's hottest topics with the school's sharpest minds!
和学校最敏锐的头脑辩论本周最热门的话题！
★argue v．争论，争辩；论证，说理
|用|法|感|知|
(“求助”类写作佳句)I argued with my best friend and I feel terrible now.
我和我最好的朋友吵架了，现在感觉很糟糕。
(“丰富细节”写作佳句) The children were arguing about/over which TV programme to watch when their mother came in.
孩子们正在争论看哪个电视节目，这时他们的妈妈进来了。
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 因某事与某人争论
argue for/against (doing) sth. 据理力争/反对(做)某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
I argue that ... 我认为……
(2)argument n. 争论；辩论
beyond argument 无可争辩
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/同义句转换)
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Somehow, these________ (argue) and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
②He argued __________ smoking because he thought that it was harmful to health.
③I finally argued my good friend __________ settling down in the city where I lived.
④The salesgirl managed to ask me to buy the jacket.
→The salesgirl ________________________ the jacket.
3．After school activities also play a part when students apply to college.
学生申请大学时，课外活动起到一定的作用。
★apply v．申请，请求；应用；涂(油漆、乳剂)
|用|法|感|知|
(写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思)
①(“求职”类写作佳句)I want to apply for the position that you have advertised in the newspaper.__________
②The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.__________
③Apply the paint to the prepared wood and allow it to dry.__________
(1)apply for 申请
apply to ... for ... 向……申请……
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
apply ...to ... 把……应用于……
apply one's mind/oneself to致力于，专心于
(2) application n. 应用，用途，申请(书)
applicant n. 申请者
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④He graduated with high enough marks to apply __________ a key university.
⑤I have been out of work for half a year, so I want to apply __________ a job.
⑥Make sure that you apply the theory ______________ practice.
⑦Any ________ who has __________________ should __________________________.
凡已申请加入俱乐部的申请人均应填写申请表。
4．These activities not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to care about others.这些活动不仅帮助他们获得更多的技能，也教他们关心别人。
(1)not only ...but (also) ...表示 “不仅……而且……”， also可以省略。not only ...but (also) ...连接两个并列结构：名词、代词、动词(短语)、非谓语动词、介词短语、分句等。
(2)not only ...but (also) ...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与but (also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。
(3)not only ...but (also) ...连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only后的分句要用部分倒装，but (also)后的分句不倒装。
注意：在表达“不仅……而且……”意义时，“A as well as B”的侧重点在前者，作主语时谓语动词与A保持一致；“not only A but (also) B”的侧重点在后者，作主语时谓语动词与B保持一致。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Not only Tom but also his classmates __________________ (be) coming to watch the performance.
②Running is __________________________ a competitive sport，____________________ to exercise.跑步不仅被视为一项竞技运动，也被视为一种锻炼身体的方式。
(2)通过“句型转换”做到熟练运用
③This opportunity will not only make you happy, but also satisfy your interest in Chinese operas.(改为倒装句)
→__________________________________________________，but also it will satisfy your interest in Chinese operas.
Section Ⅲ
语法专题突破
学案中理清
一、[对点练]
①Many_students often get_up early_in_the_morning.
S A V A
②He took changes from_his_pocket to_buy_a_newspaper.
S V O A A
③John asked me to_help_him_with_his_Chinese.
S V O OC
④A_barking_dog seldom bites.
S A V
⑤Our_teacher told us an_interesting_story.
S V IO DO
⑥Your_father seemed angry.
S V P
二、[我的发现] ① ③ ② ④ ⑤ ⑧ ⑥ ⑦
[对点练] ①There are too many cars on the road.
②My hobbies include travelling and swimming.
③A fire broke out in his home last night.
④He encouraged me to continue writing.
⑤All of them were surprised.
⑥I remember you showed me some photos on that theme.
⑦We must keep our school clean.
应用中融通
Ⅰ.1.surprised 2.Listening 3.wanting 4.happily 5.travels
6．buying 7.impressive 8.me 9.to stay 10.is
Ⅱ.1.appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty
2．took out my water bottle quickly 3.beyond description
4．with an empty basket 5.We offer customers 6.encourages me to be a real man 7.confidently 8.I enjoy reading
9．I want to explore and get in touch with 10.sank suddenly
听力发掘训练
一、1.have enough time for everything 2.more or less
3．make a to do list 4.list the things we're going to do
5．占据(时间、空间) 6.制订更好的计划 7.一次
8．先做重要的事情
二、1～3 ABC
三、1.How are you finding 2.seem to have enough time
3．how about recording 4.while watching TV
5．if things get better
四、①study in the same class ②I was so nervous
③left my textbook at home ④That's too terrible
⑤don't know what to do ⑥should never be sad
新知深化学习
1．①under ②telling ③debated; had a debate on/about/over
2．①arguments ②against ③into ④argued me into buying
3．①申请 ②应用 ③涂 ④to ⑤for ⑥to
⑦applicant; applied to join the club; fill in the application form
4．①are/were ②not only seen as; but also as a way
③Not only will this opportunity make you happy
2 / 13(共115张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
目 录
语法专题突破
听力发掘训练
课时跟踪检测
新知深化学习
语法专题突破
[语法入门]
①句为主谓宾状结构：主语是A lot of students，谓语是know，宾语是each other，状语是from the primary and middle school；
②句为主系表结构：主语是They，表语是in their “comfort zone”；
③句为主谓结构：主语是that，谓语是will change；
④句为主系表结构：主语是Some students，表语是scared；
⑤句为主谓宾宾补结构：主语是I，谓语是encourage，宾语是high school freshmen，宾补是to step out of their comfort zone；
⑥句为主谓宾宾结构：主语是I，谓语是give，直接宾语是some advice，间接宾语是them；
⑦句为主谓宾结构：主语是students，谓语是should accept，宾语是and连接的两个who引导的宾语从句；
⑧句为there be句型；
⑨句为主谓宾宾补结构：主语是The new life，谓语是will make，宾语是students，宾补是 brave and confident。
学案中理清
一、句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。
句子成分包括以下几类：
成分 意义 位置 可充当词
主语 S(subject) 句子的主体，是谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由 “谁”发出 位于句首 名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句等
谓语 V(verb) 谓语表示主语的特征、行为或状态，谓语动词与主语在人称和数上须保持一致 主语之后 实义动词和系表结构
续表
宾语 O(object) 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 动词或介词后 名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或名词性从句等
直接宾语 DO(direct object) 表示动作的对象、承受者或后果，一般是物 动词后 名词(短语)、代词
续表
间接宾语 IO(indirect object) 表示动作是向某人或为某人做的，一般是人 动词后 名词、代词
表语 P(predicative) 说明主语的品质、身份、性质、特征和状态等 系动词后 名词、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句等
续表
宾语补足语OC(object complement) 补充说明宾语的动作或状态 宾语后 名词、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等
定语Attr. (attributive) 修饰、限制名词或代词 被修饰词的前面或后面 名词(短语)、动名词、代词、数词、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等
续表
状语 A (adverbial) 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 位置灵活 副词(短语)、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等
[对点练]
用S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, OC标出句子成分
二、基本句式结构
|自主感知|
①Everyone│laughed so much!
②Our school│held│a cross-country running race.
③Your story│sounds│interesting.
④The president│showed│me│her daughter's pictures.
⑤They│usually keep│the door│open.
⑥Everything│goes│well.
⑦The man│raised│his arms│above his head.
⑧There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.
[我的发现] (在表格右栏填入对应的句子序号)
主语＋谓语(S＋V)
主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)
主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C)
there be句式(There be ...)
主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A)
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)
①
③
②
④
⑤
⑧
⑥
⑦
|语法规则|
句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种，其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。八种基本句式如下：
1．主语＋谓语(S＋V)
这种简单句的谓语部分是不及物动词，意义很完整。这种句子没有被动语态。
The exchange students are registering.
这些交换生正在登记。
We all breathe，drink and eat.
我们都要呼吸、喝水和吃饭。
2．主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
这种简单句的谓语部分是及物动词，有些不及物动词后加上介词也可看成一个及物动词。
The students are doing an experiment.
学生们正在做一个实验。
She usually puts off carrying out her promise.
她经常拖延履行她的诺言。
You must listen to me.
你必须听我的。
3．主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)
这种简单句表示主语的性质、状态、身份等。
He became a teacher of English.
他成了一名英语教师。
(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Long-distance running is a kind of exercise which is of great help.
长跑是一种有很大帮助的运动。
She looked a little annoyed.
她看上去有点生气。
[名师点津] 英语中常见的系动词有：be动词、感官类动词(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表变化类动词(get，become，turn，go，grow，come等)、表保持类动词(keep，stay，remain等)，可充当表语的形式有：形容词(短语)、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词(短语)和从句等。
4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 (直接宾语和间接宾语叫作双宾语)(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
My sister told me a long story.
＝My sister told a long story to me.
我姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。
The professor gave us an exciting lecture.
＝The professor gave an exciting lecture to us.
教授给我们做了一场激动人心的讲座。
[名师点津] 双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)，间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在，它和直接宾语组成双宾语。双宾语的常见结构：
(1)bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sb.sth.＝bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/ pay sth.to sb.
(2)buy/make sb.sth.＝buy/make sth.for sb.
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补(宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语)(S＋V＋O＋C)
(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Running also makes us strengthen our body.
跑步还能让我们强壮身体。
I found his design very impressive.
我发现他的设计让人印象很深刻。
I found myself in a strange place.
我发现自己在一个陌生的地方。
The guide showed all the visitors in.
导游把所有的游客都带了进来。
[名师点津] 宾补用来补充说明宾语的身份、地位或所处的状态。可作宾补的有：名词、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)等。平时常见常考的宾补结构有：
(1)ask，want，like，allow，advise，teach，persuade 等＋宾语＋to do 作宾补；
(2)感官动词：see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear等＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/现在分词/过去分词作宾补；
(3)使役动词：let＋宾语＋省略to的不定式作宾补；
make＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/过去分词作宾补；have＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/现在分词/过去分词作宾补。
注意：上述加省略to的不定式作宾补的动词如果变成被动语态，省掉的to要加上。
She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.
她让我们等她的答复等了一个多星期。
I often hear her sing a German song in her lovely voice.
＝She is often heard by me to sing a German song in her lovely voice.
我时常听到她用迷人的声音唱一首德语歌曲。
I will have all my clothes washed this afternoon.
今天下午我将把所有的衣服都洗完。
6．主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A)
My parents live in Beijing.
我的父母住在北京。
They are playing happily over there.
他们正在那边玩得很开心。
Seeing the cat，the mouse ran off.
见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
7．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)
He reached the station finally，only to be told the train had left.
他最后到了车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。
Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the lab.
后面跟着一群学生，老师走进了实验室。
Although he was so tired，he still helped his father pick apples on the farm.
虽然他很累，但是依然在农场帮助爸爸摘苹果。
[名师点津] 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，分为时间、地点、方式、比较、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步状语。介词短语、副词(短语)、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)和从句都可充当状语；状语通常位于句末，也可位于句首和句中。
8．There be ...结构
There aren't many books on the shelf.
书架上没有多少书。
There is a chair，two desks，and a bed in the room.
房间里有一把椅子、两张桌子和一张床。
[名师点津] 在there be句型中，be动词的单复数与最靠近的名词的单复数保持一致，即遵循就近原则。
[对点练] (翻译句子)
①路上的汽车太多了。
There are too many cars on the road.
②我的爱好包括旅游和游泳。
My hobbies include travelling and swimming.
③他家昨晚发生了火灾。
A fire broke out in his home last night.
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)他鼓励我继续写作。
He encouraged me to continue writing.
⑤他们所有人都很吃惊。
All of them were surprised.
⑥我记得你展示给我了一些那个主题的照片。
I remember you showed me some photos on that theme.
⑦我们必须保持学校干净。
We must keep our school clean.
应用中融通
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·浙江1月高考) I should hardly be (surprise) that there are no longer any public telephones near my house.
2．(2022·全国乙卷) (listen) to English songs is the most popular way.
3．(2023·浙江1月高考)As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself (want) to speak up for yourself.
surprised
Listening
wanting
4．The girl was looking at the lovely cat (happy)．
5．The light (travel) fast.
6．We're considering (buy) a new car.
7．The building looked as (impress) in actuality as it did in photographs.
8．My mother bought (I) a birthday gift.
9．The police are advising people (stay) at home.
10．There (be) a butterfly and two insects in the picture.
happily
travels
buying
impressive
me
to stay
is
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．(2023·浙江1月高考)The term “hutong”， originally meaning “water well ” in Mongolian, . (appear)
“胡同”一词在蒙古语中意为“水井”，最早出现在元朝。
appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty
2．(2023·浙江1月高考写作)And I _____________________________， trying to give her some water.(take out)
我赶紧拿出我的水瓶，想给它点水喝。
3．The beauty of the West Lake is . (description)
西湖美得难以形容。
took out my water bottle quickly
beyond description
4．Bernard returned .(empty)
伯纳德带着一个空篮子回来了。
5． a free home delivery service.(offer)
我们为客户提供免费送货上门的服务。
6．(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)He always . (encourage)
他总是鼓励我做一个真正的男子汉。
with an empty basket
We offer customers
encourages me to be a real man
7．He was making a speech .
他正在自信地做着演讲。
8． detective stories.(enjoy)
我爱读侦探小说。
9． my inner self.(explore, touch)
我想探寻、了解内心的自我。
10．My heart .(sink)
我的心突然沉了下来。
confidently
I enjoy reading
I want to explore and get in touch with
sank suddenly
听力发掘训练
教材听力“再利用”
一、由听力厚积语料库
1． 有充足的时间做任何事情
2． 几乎，差不多
3． 把要做的事情列成清单
have enough time for everything
more or less
make a to-do list
4． 列出我们要做的事情
5．take up ________________
6．make better plans _______________
7．at a time ______
8．do important things first _______________
list the things we're going to do
占据(时间、空间)
制订更好的计划
一次
先做重要的事情
二、教材录音材料的发掘训练
1．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．How to manage time well at senior high.
B．How to join clubs at senior high.
C．How to stop forgetting something.
√
2. What did Bruno's father suggest
A．Doing one thing at a time.
B．Making a to-do list.
C．Trying all of good ideas.
√
3. How many ideas are mentioned in the dialogue
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.
√
三、依据教材听力完成句子
1． life at senior high
2．The one problem is that I just don't_______________________ for everything.
3．And the time it takes to do the activities
How are you finding
seem to have enough time
how about recording
4．For example, if you do your homework , it will just take longer to finish your homework.
5．How about we try all of them for a week and see
while watching TV
if things get better
四、听说交际训练
根据提示，完成下面关于开学时同学初遇的对话。
Joey：Hello, nice to meet you.My name is Joey.
Anna：Hi，Joey.I'm Anna.
Joey：What's up
Anna：Nothing much! I guess we'll ① (在同一个班学习)．
study in the same class
Joey：That's right.Are you nervous on the first day of school
Anna：Yes.② (我如此紧张) that I ③__________ ________________ (把我的课本遗忘在家里)．
Joey：Really ④ (那太糟了)．
Anna: Yeah, it may be gone for good, I guess.Now I ⑤ (不知道该怎么办)．
I was so nervous
left my
That's too terrible
don't know what to do
textbook at home
Joey：I'm sorry to hear that.Such a nice and beautiful girl ⑥ (不应该伤心)．Here，take mine!
Anna：Thanks a million.I owe you one! Catch you later.
should never be sad
听力素养“漫养成”
养成“边听边记”的良好习惯
听录音时，记下关键信息，如姓名、数字、事实和说明，将有助于理解并记住所听到的信息。记笔记时可灵活运用各种速记方法，包括使用缩写、简写和符号等。例如，可用 “be” 表示because，用“yrs”表示年份，用“＋”表示and等等。此外，还应注意以下几点：
1．只记录听力中的关键词，一般是名词、动词、形容词、否定词等，听懂了再记录。
2．理解听力材料的逻辑有助于确定关键信息，故应特别关注表达转折、对比、因果、顺承、举例等逻辑关系的词语。
3．对于漏听、漏记的内容不必纠结。一般来说，当有重要的信息或生僻词出现时，讲话者会作出必要的解释。当遇到障碍时，如果停下来回想就会遗漏更多信息。因此，要学会跳过障碍继续往下听，快速记下后面的信息。
新知深化学习
1．Join the Debate Club! 加入辩论俱乐部！
★debate n．讨论，辩论 v．辩论，讨论；仔细考虑
|用|法|感|知|
(“场景描写”写作佳句)The students are having a heated debate about where to go for a picnic.
学生们正激烈地讨论着去哪里野炊。
(“丰富细节”写作佳句)After the post appeared online, many people began to debate it.
这篇文章在网上出现之后，许多人开始讨论它。
This Mother's Day I was debating what to give my mother.这个母亲节我在考虑送给母亲什么礼物。
归纳点拨
(1)have a debate on/about/over sth. 进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论
under debate 在辩论/讨论中
a heated/lively debate 一场激烈的/热烈的辩论
(2)debate sth.with sb. 就……与某人辩论
debate doing sth. 考虑做某事
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/一句多译)
①Even though the law is debate now, it will be passed soon.
②For a moment Mary debated (tell) Rick the truth.
under
telling
③昨天评委们讨论了哪位艺术家的作品应该获奖。
→Yesterday the judges which artist's work should be chosen for the prize.
→Yesterday the judges which artist's work should be chosen for the prize.
debated
had a debate on/about/over
2．Argue about the week's hottest topics with the school's sharpest minds!
和学校最敏锐的头脑辩论本周最热门的话题！
★argue v．争论，争辩；论证，说理
|用|法|感|知|
(“求助”类写作佳句)I argued with my best friend and I feel terrible now.
我和我最好的朋友吵架了，现在感觉很糟糕。
(“丰富细节”写作佳句) The children were arguing about/over which TV programme to watch when their mother came in.
孩子们正在争论看哪个电视节目，这时他们的妈妈进来了。
归纳点拨
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 因某事与某人争论
argue for/against (doing) sth. 据理力争/反对(做)某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
I argue that ... 我认为……
(2)argument n. 争论；辩论
beyond argument 无可争辩
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/同义句转换)
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Somehow, these (argue) and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
②He argued smoking because he thought that it was harmful to health.
arguments
against
③I finally argued my good friend settling down in the city where I lived.
④The salesgirl managed to ask me to buy the jacket.
→The salesgirl the jacket.
into
argued me into buying
3．After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college.
学生申请大学时，课外活动起到一定的作用。
★apply v．申请，请求；应用；涂(油漆、乳剂)
|用|法|感|知|
(写出下列各句中加蓝词的汉语意思)
①(“求职”类写作佳句)I want to apply for the position that you have advertised in the newspaper.______
②The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.______
③Apply the paint to the prepared wood and allow it to dry.____
申请
应用
涂
归纳点拨
(1)apply for 申请
apply to ... for ... 向……申请……
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
apply ...to ... 把……应用于……
apply one's mind/oneself to 致力于，专心于
(2) application n. 应用，用途，申请(书)
applicant n. 申请者
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④He graduated with high enough marks to apply a key university.
⑤I have been out of work for half a year, so I want to apply a job.
⑥Make sure that you apply the theory practice.
to
for
to
⑦Any who has___________________________ should .
凡已申请加入俱乐部的申请人均应填写申请表。
applicant
applied to join the club
fill in the application form
4．These activities not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to care about others.
这些活动不仅帮助他们获得更多的技能，也教他们关心别人。
(1)not only ...but (also) ...表示 “不仅……而且……”， also可以省略。not only ...but (also) ...连接两个并列结构：名词、代词、动词(短语)、非谓语动词、介词短语、分句等。
(2)not only ...but (also) ...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与but (also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。
(3)not only ...but (also) ...连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only后的分句要用部分倒装，but (also)后的分句不倒装。
注意：在表达“不仅……而且……”意义时，“A as well as B”的侧重点在前者，作主语时谓语动词与A保持一致；“not only A but (also) B”的侧重点在后者，作主语时谓语动词与B保持一致。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Not only Tom but also his classmates (be) coming to watch the performance.
②Running is a competitive sport，______________ to exercise.
跑步不仅被视为一项竞技运动，也被视为一种锻炼身体的方式。
are/were
not only seen as
but also as a way
(2)通过“句型转换”做到熟练运用
③This opportunity will not only make you happy, but also satisfy your interest in Chinese operas.(改为倒装句)
→ ，but also it will satisfy your interest in Chinese operas.
Not only will this opportunity make you happy
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
With its wonderful attractions, Harbin, the beautiful ice city of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, has become a social media sensation (轰动)．
Among these beautiful sights is a group of 11 lovely children from Nanning, Guangxi in South China, who embarked on an educational trip to Harbin, immediately winning the hearts of online communities.
Dressed in bright orange outfits (服装), they are lovingly called “little tangerines”， with the oldest just six and a half years old and the youngest only three years and five months old.
The nickname symbolizes both their cute orange outfits and Guangxi's well-known fruits — tangerines.Each day, their presence is appearing on various social media platforms.
Wherever they went, they are warmly received by the locals.In Harbin, they tasted the local food and watched a fireworks display.
The lead teacher of their tour confirmed their arrival in Mohe.Upon their arrival, a local travel agency warmly welcomed the tour group together with the city's tourism bureau.
At the northernmost police outpost of China, they sang the national anthem (国歌) and saluted the border guards, marking an important part of their educational trip.Moreover, the police officers at the station prepared snow sculptures and snowmen for the “little tangerines”．
To express gratitude for the hospitality (好客) received in Heilongjiang, a free batch of tangerines from Guangxi was sent to the province.
Data show that Harbin welcomed more than 3 million visitors, bringing in 5.9 billion yuan during the three-day New Year holiday, which ended on January 1st.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了广西“小砂糖橘”的哈尔滨研学之旅。
1．The underlined phrase “embarked on ” means .
A．acted on B．went on
C．worked on D．held on
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中画线词后的“an educational trip to Harbin”可知，“embarked on an educational trip to Harbin”意为登上、开启研学之旅，画线词意为“开始”。故选B。
√
2．What do you know about the “little tangerines” according to the text
A．They are a group of primary school students.
B．They got the nickname because of their outfits.
C．They were warmly welcomed by people from China.
D．They took part in various activities in Heilongjiang.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中“In Harbin, they tasted the local food and watched a fireworks display ”和第七段内容可知，孩子们在黑龙江各地参与了各种各样的活动。故选D。
3．What did Guangxi people do in return for the hospitality they received in Heilongjiang
A．They sent another group of the “little tangerines” to the province.
B．They transported a large number of tangerines to the province.
C．They invited Heilongjiang people to taste tangerines for free.
D．They planted a free batch of tangerine trees in Heilongjiang.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，为了表达对黑龙江人民的热情好客的感激，广西免费送了一批砂糖橘，邀请他们品尝。故选C。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A Warm Welcome to “Little Tangerines” from Guangxi
B．Guangxi “Little Tangerines” on an Educational Trip to Harbin
C．A Group of Children from Guangxi Received Education in Harbin
D．A Group of Guangxi Children Sent to Harbin for Free
√
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段内容可知，文章主要讲述了广西“小砂糖橘”的哈尔滨研学之旅。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Senior high school began with meeting new friends, which was the most exciting part of that period.However, I noticed the 5 from junior high school right away since students around me were trying their best to get good 6 .
It was surprising for me to 7 that my friends were no longer willing to meet very often after school.This made me 8 that perhaps I failed to know the true 9 of the three years of high school.I should state that it became especially 10 after I talked to my best friend.He told me that he was really 11 because I seemed to have no plan when it came to 12 for college.To be completely honest, he was right.
13 for me, my best friend was wise and able to explain his point of 14 to me.Also, he offered to spend time studying with me and getting me ready for the test to make sure I did not 15 anything meaningful from the textbook.This was surprising for me since I was 16 that activities like reading textbooks could not be enjoyable.I was wrong, and this 17 taught me that having fun in high school does not just 18 going to parties or spending time in cafés.Instead, you can have a(n) 19 experience that will also be worthwhile for your future.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者升入高中后对高中生活缺乏正确认识。在好友的帮助下，他端正了学习态度，感受到了学习的乐趣。
5．A.tradition B．pressure
C．difference D．impression
解析：根据“since students around me were trying their best to get good ”和下文“my friends were no longer willing to meet very often after school”可知，作者意识到了高中和初中的不同。tradition“传统”；pressure“压力”；difference“差异”；impression“印象”。故选C。
√
6．A.grades B．moments
C．debates D．effects
解析：根据下文“He told me that he was really because I seemed to have no plan when it came to for college.”可知，学生们努力的目的是为取得好成绩，考上理想的大学做准备。故选A。
√
7．A.explain B．find
C．expect D．remember
解析：根据句中的“no longer willing to meet very often”可知，作者发现了同学们和以前不同——他们以前喜欢放学后聚在一起，现在不再愿意在放学后经常见面。故选B。
√
8．A.balance B．imagine
C．explore D．realise
解析：根据上文可知，作者看见同学们努力学习，放学后不再热衷于聚会，意识到自己有问题，开始反思。balance“平衡”；imagine“想象”；explore“探索”；realise“意识到”。故选D。
√
9．A.meaning B．beginning
C．fact D．future
解析：根据上文内容可知，作者上高中后发现朋友们放学后不愿意经常见面了，后文提到作者和自己最好的朋友说了这件事后，作者意识到自己确实没有为考大学做准备，因此此处表示作者没能了解高中三年真正的意义是什么。meaning“意义”；beginning“开始”；fact“事实”；future“未来”。故选A。
√
10．A.grey B．clear
C．curious D．eager
解析：根据上文以及下文“He told me that he was really_______ because I seemed to have no plan when it came to for college.”可知，作者对自己的高中三年的意义缺乏正确认识，这一点在他和朋友的谈话之后变得特别明显。grey“灰色的”；clear“清楚的”；curious“好奇的”；eager“渴望的，热切的”。故选B。
√
11．A.surprised B．excited
C．worried D．frightened
解析：句意：他告诉我，他真的很担心，因为我在准备上大学的时候似乎没有任何计划。surprised“吃惊的”；excited“兴奋的”；worried“担心的”；frightened“感到害怕的”。故选C。
√
12．A.preparing B．looking
C．applying D．leaving
解析：句意见上题。 prepare for“为……做准备”；look for“寻找”；apply for“申请”；leave for“离开去某地”。此处指为大学做好准备。故选A。
√
13．A.Slowly B．Luckily
C．Strangely D．Sharply
解析：根据上文可知，作者的朋友为作者解惑，这是件幸运的事。slowly“缓慢地”；luckily“幸运地”；strangely“奇怪地”；sharply“敏锐地”。故选B。
√
14．A.idea B．time
C．sign D．view
解析：此处指作者最好的朋友把自己对上高中的观点解释给作者。point of view为固定短语，意为“观点，见地”。故选D。
√
15．A.add up to B．do well in
C．miss out on D．keep up with
解析：根据句中“anything meaningful from the textbook”可知，作者的朋友和作者一起学习，以确保教科书中任何有意义的知识都不错过。add up to“合计为”；do well in“擅长”；miss out on“错过”；keep up with“赶上”。故选C。
√
16．A.confident B．glad
C．amazed D．disappointed
解析：句意：这让我很惊讶，因为我相信像阅读教科书这样的活动不会令人愉快。confident“自信的”；glad“高兴的”；amazed“吃惊的”；disappointed“失望的”。be confident that意为“坚信；肯定”。故选A。
√
17．A.topic B．description
C．struggle D．experience
解析：根据下文“Instead, you can have a(n) experience that will also be worthwhile for your future.”可知，此处是信息词experience的词汇复现。topic“话题”；description“描述”；struggle“挣扎，奋斗”；experience“经历”。故选D。
√
18．A.mean B．suggest
C．show D．decide
解析：句意：我错了，这段经历告诉我，在高中玩得开心并不仅仅意味着参加派对或在咖啡馆里消磨时间。mean“意味着”；suggest“建议，表明”；show“展示，表明”；decide“决定”。
√
19．A.comfortable B．enjoyable
C．specific D．particular
解析：根据上文“I was that activities like reading textbooks could not be enjoyable.”可知，此处是信息词enjoyable的词汇复现，说明学习也可以给人带来愉快的感觉。comfortable“舒服的”；enjoyable“令人愉快的”；specific“具体的”；particular“特别的，挑剔的”。故选B。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
At my old school in Toronto, I was on the football and volleyball teams，so I was very popular and 1 (have) lots of friends.Everything changed when I was 16 years old because my parents decided to move to Florida.The first few 2 (day) in my new school were very difficult.The class timetable was different, and the teachers were 3 (strict) than those in my old school.Each teacher gave us a lot of homework every night.As 4 result, my free time became limited (有限的)．
My homework kept me 5 busy that I could only watch TV on Saturday nights.All the students were dressed in shorts and T-shirts instead of school uniforms.Some kids tried to be nice 6 me, but I did not want to talk to 7 (they)．To me, they looked and acted funny! After a few weeks, no one even tried to talk to me anymore.I began to feel lonely.Two months passed before I got the courage 8 (talk) to some classmates. 9 (final), I found they were normal (正常的) people，just like me.I began to develop some relationships and even good friendships.I learned a valuable lesson about 10 (make) friends that year.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己转到新学校后面临的各种挑战以及为适应新生活所做的改变。
1．had 考查时态。设空处与was popular并列作谓语，表示过去的状态，应用一般过去时，故填had。
2．days 考查名词复数。设空处作主语，表示“日子”，因为day是可数名词，且由设空处前的few以及系动词were可知，此处应填days。
3．stricter 考查形容词比较级。由“than those in my old school”可知，设空处应填strict的比较级stricter。
4．a 考查冠词。as a result“结果”。
5．so 考查副词。so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”。
6．to 考查介词。be nice to sb.“对某人友好”。
7．them 考查代词。设空处作宾语，指代“Some kids”，表示“他们”，故填them。
8．to talk 考查非谓语动词。get the courage to do sth.“鼓足勇气做某事”。
9．Finally 考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“最终”，且位于句首，故填副词Finally。
10．making 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词about 的宾语，故填making。UNIT 1 课时检测(三) Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
With its wonderful attractions, Harbin, the beautiful ice city of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, has become a social media sensation (轰动)．
Among these beautiful sights is a group of 11 lovely children from Nanning, Guangxi in South China, who embarked_on an educational trip to Harbin, immediately winning the hearts of online communities.
Dressed in bright orange outfits (服装), they are lovingly called “little tangerines”， with the oldest just six and a half years old and the youngest only three years and five months old.
The nickname symbolizes both their cute orange outfits and Guangxi's well known fruits — tangerines.Each day, their presence is appearing on various social media platforms.
Wherever they went, they are warmly received by the locals.In Harbin, they tasted the local food and watched a fireworks display.
The lead teacher of their tour confirmed their arrival in Mohe.Upon their arrival, a local travel agency warmly welcomed the tour group together with the city's tourism bureau.
At the northernmost police outpost of China, they sang the national anthem (国歌) and saluted the border guards, marking an important part of their educational trip.Moreover, the police officers at the station prepared snow sculptures and snowmen for the “little tangerines”．
To express gratitude for the hospitality (好客) received in Heilongjiang, a free batch of tangerines from Guangxi was sent to the province.
Data show that Harbin welcomed more than 3 million visitors, bringing in 5.9 billion yuan during the three day New Year holiday, which ended on January 1st.
1．The underlined phrase “embarked on ” means ________.
A．acted on B．went on
C．worked on D．held on
2．What do you know about the “little tangerines” according to the text
A．They are a group of primary school students.
B．They got the nickname because of their outfits.
C．They were warmly welcomed by people from China.
D．They took part in various activities in Heilongjiang.
3．What did Guangxi people do in return for the hospitality they received in Heilongjiang
A．They sent another group of the “little tangerines” to the province.
B．They transported a large number of tangerines to the province.
C．They invited Heilongjiang people to taste tangerines for free.
D．They planted a free batch of tangerine trees in Heilongjiang.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A Warm Welcome to “Little Tangerines” from Guangxi
B．Guangxi “Little Tangerines” on an Educational Trip to Harbin
C．A Group of Children from Guangxi Received Education in Harbin
D．A Group of Guangxi Children Sent to Harbin for Free
Ⅱ.完形填空
Senior high school began with meeting new friends, which was the most exciting part of that period.However, I noticed the __5__ from junior high school right away since students around me were trying their best to get good __6__.
It was surprising for me to __7__ that my friends were no longer willing to meet very often after school.This made me __8__ that perhaps I failed to know the true __9__ of the three years of high school.I should state that it became especially __10__after I talked to my best friend.He told me that he was really __11__ because I seemed to have no plan when it came to __12__ for college.To be completely honest, he was right.
__13__ for me, my best friend was wise and able to explain his point of __14__ to me.Also, he offered to spend time studying with me and getting me ready for the test to make sure I did not __15__ anything meaningful from the textbook.This was surprising for me since I was __16__ that activities like reading textbooks could not be enjoyable.I was wrong, and this __17__ taught me that having fun in high school does not just __18__ going to parties or spending time in cafés.Instead, you can have a(n) __19__ experience that will also be worthwhile for your future.
5．A.tradition B．pressure
C．difference D．impression
6．A.grades B．moments
C．debates D．effects
7．A.explain B．find
C．expect D．remember
8．A.balance B．imagine
C．explore D．realise
9．A.meaning B．beginning
C．fact D．future
10．A.grey B．clear
C．curious D．eager
11．A.surprised B．excited
C．worried D．frightened
12．A.preparing B．looking
C．applying D．leaving
13．A.Slowly B．Luckily
C．Strangely D．Sharply
14．A.idea B．time
C．sign D．view
15．A.add up to B．do well in
C．miss out on D．keep up with
16．A.confident B．glad
C．amazed D．disappointed
17．A.topic B．description
C．struggle D．experience
18．A.mean B．suggest
C．show D．decide
19．A.comfortable B．enjoyable
C．specific D．particular
Ⅲ.语法填空
At my old school in Toronto, I was on the football and volleyball teams，so I was very popular and __1__ (have) lots of friends.Everything changed when I was 16 years old because my parents decided to move to Florida.The first few__2__ (day) in my new school were very difficult.The class timetable was different, and the teachers were__3__ (strict) than those in my old school.Each teacher gave us a lot of homework every night.As__4__result, my free time became limited (有限的)．My homework kept me__5__busy that I could only watch TV on Saturday nights.All the students were dressed in shorts and T shirts instead of school uniforms.Some kids tried to be nice__6__me, but I did not want to talk to__7__ (they)．To me, they looked and acted funny! After a few weeks, no one even tried to talk to me anymore.I began to feel lonely.Two months passed before I got the courage__8__ (talk) to some classmates.__9__ (final), I found they were normal (正常的) people，just like me.I began to develop some relationships and even good friendships.I learned a valuable lesson about__10__ (make) friends that year.
UNIT 1 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了广西“小砂糖橘”的哈尔滨研学之旅。
1．选B 词义猜测题。根据第二段中画线词后的“an educational trip to Harbin”可知，“embarked on an educational trip to Harbin”意为登上、开启研学之旅，画线词意为“开始”。故选B。
2．选D 推理判断题。根据第五段中“In Harbin, they tasted the local food and watched a fireworks display ”和第七段内容可知，孩子们在黑龙江各地参与了各种各样的活动。故选D。
3．选C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，为了表达对黑龙江人民的热情好客的感激，广西免费送了一批砂糖橘，邀请他们品尝。故选C。
4．选B 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段内容可知，文章主要讲述了广西“小砂糖橘”的哈尔滨研学之旅。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者升入高中后对高中生活缺乏正确认识。在好友的帮助下，他端正了学习态度，感受到了学习的乐趣。
5．选C 根据“since students around me were trying their best to get good ________”和下文“my friends were no longer willing to meet very often after school”可知，作者意识到了高中和初中的不同。tradition“传统”；pressure“压力”；difference“差异”；impression“印象”。故选C。
6．选A 根据下文“He told me that he was really ________ because I seemed to have no plan when it came to ________ for college.”可知，学生们努力的目的是为取得好成绩，考上理想的大学做准备。故选A。
7．选B 根据句中的“no longer willing to meet very often”可知，作者发现了同学们和以前不同——他们以前喜欢放学后聚在一起，现在不再愿意在放学后经常见面。故选B。
8．选D 根据上文可知，作者看见同学们努力学习，放学后不再热衷于聚会，意识到自己有问题，开始反思。balance“平衡”；imagine“想象”；explore“探索”；realise“意识到”。故选D。
9．选A 根据上文内容可知，作者上高中后发现朋友们放学后不愿意经常见面了，后文提到作者和自己最好的朋友说了这件事后，作者意识到自己确实没有为考大学做准备，因此此处表示作者没能了解高中三年真正的意义是什么。meaning“意义”；beginning“开始”；fact“事实”；future“未来”。故选A。
10．选B 根据上文以及下文“He told me that he was really ________ because I seemed to have no plan when it came to ________ for college.”可知，作者对自己的高中三年的意义缺乏正确认识，这一点在他和朋友的谈话之后变得特别明显。grey“灰色的”；clear“清楚的”；curious“好奇的”；eager“渴望的，热切的”。故选B。
11．选C 句意：他告诉我，他真的很担心，因为我在准备上大学的时候似乎没有任何计划。surprised“吃惊的”；excited“兴奋的”；worried“担心的”；frightened“感到害怕的”。故选C。
12．选A 句意见上题。 prepare for“为……做准备”；look for“寻找”；apply for“申请”；leave for“离开去某地”。此处指为大学做好准备。故选A。
13．选B 根据上文可知，作者的朋友为作者解惑，这是件幸运的事。slowly“缓慢地”；luckily“幸运地”；strangely“奇怪地”；sharply“敏锐地”。故选B。
14．选D 此处指作者最好的朋友把自己对上高中的观点解释给作者。point of view为固定短语，意为“观点，见地”。故选D。
15．选C 根据句中“anything meaningful from the textbook”可知，作者的朋友和作者一起学习，以确保教科书中任何有意义的知识都不错过。add up to“合计为”；do well in“擅长”；miss out on“错过”；keep up with“赶上”。故选C。
16．选A 句意：这让我很惊讶，因为我相信像阅读教科书这样的活动不会令人愉快。confident“自信的”；glad“高兴的”；amazed“吃惊的”；disappointed“失望的”。be confident that意为“坚信；肯定”。故选A。
17．选D 根据下文“Instead, you can have a(n) ________ experience that will also be worthwhile for your future.”可知，此处是信息词experience的词汇复现。topic“话题”；description“描述”；struggle“挣扎，奋斗”；experience“经历”。故选D。
18．选A 句意：我错了，这段经历告诉我，在高中玩得开心并不仅仅意味着参加派对或在咖啡馆里消磨时间。mean“意味着”；suggest“建议，表明”；show“展示，表明”；decide“决定”。
19．选B 根据上文“I was ________ that activities like reading textbooks could not be enjoyable.”可知，此处是信息词enjoyable的词汇复现，说明学习也可以给人带来愉快的感觉。comfortable“舒服的”；enjoyable“令人愉快的”；specific“具体的”；particular“特别的，挑剔的”。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己转到新学校后面临的各种挑战以及为适应新生活所做的改变。
1．had 考查时态。设空处与was popular并列作谓语，表示过去的状态，应用一般过去时，故填had。
2．days 考查名词复数。设空处作主语，表示“日子”，因为day是可数名词，且由设空处前的few以及系动词were可知，此处应填days。
3．stricter 考查形容词比较级。由“than those in my old school”可知，设空处应填strict的比较级stricter。
4．a 考查冠词。as a result“结果”。
5．so 考查副词。so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”。
6．to 考查介词。be nice to sb.“对某人友好”。
7．them 考查代词。设空处作宾语，指代“Some kids”，表示“他们”，故填them。
8．to talk 考查非谓语动词。get the courage to do sth.“鼓足勇气做某事”。
9．Finally 考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“最终”，且位于句首，故填副词Finally。
10．making 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词about 的宾语，故填making。
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