Section Ⅵ Writing
写作项目——Writing an animal fact file
本单元的写作任务是写一篇动物介绍类的文章，属于科普类说明文。写作内容要注重科学性和客观性， 必要时需要上网查证所写动物的真实信息。说明要有条理性，以确保信息的清晰和有序。语言要有准确性，必须准确无误。此说明文的写作目的应该指向“保护动物”的主题。
由课文学写作
一、学写作架构
写作部分的短文属于科普类说明文，结构清晰明了，按照“总—分—总”方式展开。开头用丹顶鹤在中国文化中的象征意义激发读者的阅读兴趣，中间详细描写了丹顶鹤的外形特征及习性，让读者更多地了解丹顶鹤的相关信息，最后点明人们开始采取措施保护丹顶鹤，其数量正在上升。
二、学逻辑衔接
在语言方面，写作部分的短文最明显的逻辑衔接方式为“替代”，通过代词“it”代替the red crowned crane，既避免了重复又衔接了上下文，从而使文章更简明紧凑。在内容方面，本文以介绍丹顶鹤的基本信息为主体，详略得当，行文自然流畅。
三、学靓丽结尾
本单元所选文章的结尾巧妙地呼应“保护动物”这一主题，启发学生深入思考人与动物的关系，最终形成关爱动物，并与动物和谐相处的正确的、可持续发展的观念。如Understanding ideas板块的文章结尾提及人们通过了解黑脉金斑蝶，大大提高了保护黑脉金斑蝶的意识，从而使得其数量在增加；Developing ideas板块的文章结尾提及了人类要尊重动物；写作部分短文的结尾提到了人们开始采取措施保护丹顶鹤，其数量正在上升。
四、学亮点表达
1．亮点词汇
(1)写作部分短文中“a symbol of happiness and good luck”语块的运用构建了丹顶鹤与美好事物的联系，让读者渴望去保护这一“吉祥物”。
(2)写作部分短文中“thanks to”语块的运用描绘出人类与丹顶鹤开始友好相处的和谐画面，鼓舞读者加入到保护动物的行动之中。
①The dove is usually regarded as __________.
鸽子常被视为和平的象征。
②______________________________________， we finished the job on time.
幸亏大家帮忙，我们才按时完成这项工作。
2．亮点句式
(1)It is one of the largest cranes in the world, standing at about 150 cm tall.
赏析：本句中standing为分词作后置定语，与后面的数字结合，生动形象地描写了丹顶鹤的外形特征。
(2)Its unique feature, from which it gets its name, is the bright red skin on the top of its head.
赏析：本句使用了“介词＋关系代词(from which)”引导的定语从句，进一步说明了丹顶鹤名字的由来。高级句式的使用提升了文章的层次又增加了表达的多样化。
①The girl ______________________ is my sister.
坐在树下的那个女孩是我的姐姐。
②There is a mountain in the distance, ______________ the top is always covered with snow.
远处是一座山，山顶总是覆盖着白雪。
五、学修辞手法
写作部分短文中“The feathers of the bird are as white as snow, except for some black ones on its face, neck and wings.” as white as snow运用了明喻修辞，描写了丹顶鹤洁白如雪的羽毛。明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性，常带有比喻词，如like, as, seem, as if, as though等。恰到好处的明喻可以使文章生动活泼，表达形式丰富多彩。
①My daughter is ____________________.
我的小女儿像狮子一样勇敢。
②He stood still ______________.
他站着一动不动像块石头。
写作技法指导
写作素材储备
一、动物的形态
1．...is the same size as ...
……和……一样大。
2．...were like penguins, fat floppy faces with fixed eyes.
……就像企鹅一样， 肥嗒嗒的脸上长着直勾勾的眼睛。
3．His eyes are black and very small, just like two black points.
他的眼睛是黑色的，很小，就像两个黑点。
4．Blue whale is the world's largest animal, of which the body is blue gray.
蓝鲸是世界上最大的动物，身体呈蓝灰色。
5．The horse was of medium size.Its fur is fine and soft, oily black, and one foot is white.There was a wide white patch that ran down the center of its face.这匹马个头中等。它的皮毛细腻柔软，乌黑发亮，但有一只脚是白色的。它的脸中央有一大片白色斑块。
二、动物的习性
1．When the weather gets cold, it migrates to east central China.
当天气变冷时，它会迁徙到中国中东部。
2．Penguins spend about half of their life on land and half in oceans.企鹅一半时间生活在陆地上，一半时间生活在海洋里。
3．Dolphins live in the sea.They live on fish, shrimps and so on.
海豚生活在海里。它们以鱼、虾等为食。
4．Although it may weigh as much as ..., this giant of the sea feeds on ...
这个海里的庞然大物重达……，但它却以……为食。
5．Dolphins use sound to help them find their way, look for their food and talk with each other.
海豚使用声音来辨别方向，寻找食物以及互相交流。
三、动物的保护
1．Therefore, China has been taking measures to protect them for many years.
因此，中国多年来一直在采取措施保护他们。
2．Thanks to people's joint efforts, the number of the endangered animals is on the rise.多亏了人们的共同努力，这些濒危动物的数量呈上升趋势。
3．More and more people raise their awareness of wildlife protection.
越来越多的人提高了保护野生动物的意识。
[随堂针对练笔]
完成下面短文
The Siberian crane is also known as the snow crane.In Chinese culture, the snow crane is ①______________ (……的象征) elegance, purity, good fortune and long life.
It is about 140 cm in height, generally shorter than the red crowned crane.Its feathers are ②____________________(像雪一样白) except for some black ones that are only visible in flight.Its featherless face is reddish in colour.The Siberian crane is usually found in East Asia, ③__________ its numbers are known as the eastern populations.These migrate to China in winter.Other much smaller populations migrate to Iran in winter.The snow crane has a good and diverse appetite, ④__________ (include) fish, insects, the roots of water plants and so on.Nowadays, during their long difficult migration journey, more people ⑤____________________ (自愿给它们喂食), which will increase their populations.
Section Ⅵ
由课文学写作
四、1.①a symbol of peace ②Thanks to everybody's help
2．①sitting under the tree ②of which
五、①as brave as a lion ②like a stone
随堂针对练笔
①a symbol of ②as white as snow ③where ④including
⑤volunteer to feed them
1 / 4(共43张PPT)
Section Ⅵ
Writing
目 录
写作项目——Writing an animal fact file
课时跟踪检测
写作项目——Writing an animal fact file
本单元的写作任务是写一篇动物介绍类的文章，属于科普类说明文。写作内容要注重科学性和客观性， 必要时需要上网查证所写动物的真实信息。说明要有条理性，以确保信息的清晰和有序。语言要有准确性，必须准确无误。此说明文的写作目的应该指向“保护动物”的主题。
由课文学写作
一、学写作架构
写作部分的短文属于科普类说明文，结构清晰明了，按照“总—分—总”方式展开。开头用丹顶鹤在中国文化中的象征意义激发读者的阅读兴趣，中间详细描写了丹顶鹤的外形特征及习性，让读者更多地了解丹顶鹤的相关信息，最后点明人们开始采取措施保护丹顶鹤，其数量正在上升。
二、学逻辑衔接
在语言方面，写作部分的短文最明显的逻辑衔接方式为“替代”，通过代词“it”代替the red-crowned crane，既避免了重复又衔接了上下文，从而使文章更简明紧凑。在内容方面，本文以介绍丹顶鹤的基本信息为主体，详略得当，行文自然流畅。
三、学靓丽结尾
本单元所选文章的结尾巧妙地呼应“保护动物”这一主题，启发学生深入思考人与动物的关系，最终形成关爱动物，并与动物和谐相处的正确的、可持续发展的观念。如Understanding ideas板块的文章结尾提及人们通过了解黑脉金斑蝶，大大提高了保护黑脉金斑蝶的意识，从而使得其数量在增加；Developing ideas板块的文章结尾提及了人类要尊重动物；写作部分短文的结尾提到了人们开始采取措施保护丹顶鹤，其数量正在上升。
四、学亮点表达
1．亮点词汇
(1)写作部分短文中“a symbol of happiness and good luck”语块的运用构建了丹顶鹤与美好事物的联系，让读者渴望去保护这一“吉祥物”。
(2)写作部分短文中“thanks to”语块的运用描绘出人类与丹顶鹤开始友好相处的和谐画面，鼓舞读者加入到保护动物的行动之中。
①The dove is usually regarded as .
鸽子常被视为和平的象征。
② ，we finished the job on time.
幸亏大家帮忙，我们才按时完成这项工作。
提能训练|完成句子
a symbol of peace
Thanks to everybody's help
2．亮点句式
(1)It is one of the largest cranes in the world, standing at about 150 cm tall.
赏析：本句中standing为分词作后置定语，与后面的数字结合，生动形象地描写了丹顶鹤的外形特征。
(2)Its unique feature, from which it gets its name, is the bright red skin on the top of its head.
赏析：本句使用了“介词＋关系代词(from which)”引导的定语从句，进一步说明了丹顶鹤名字的由来。高级句式的使用提升了文章的层次又增加了表达的多样化。
①The girl is my sister.
坐在树下的那个女孩是我的姐姐。
②There is a mountain in the distance, the top is always covered with snow.
远处是一座山，山顶总是覆盖着白雪。
提能训练|完成句子
sitting under the tree
of which
五、学修辞手法
写作部分短文中“The feathers of the bird are as white as snow, except for some black ones on its face, neck and wings.” as white as snow运用了明喻修辞，描写了丹顶鹤洁白如雪的羽毛。明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性，常带有比喻词，如like, as, seem, as if, as though等。恰到好处的明喻可以使文章生动活泼，表达形式丰富多彩。
①My daughter is .
我的小女儿像狮子一样勇敢。
②He stood still .
他站着一动不动像块石头。
提能训练|完成句子
as brave as a lion
like a stone
写作技法指导
写作素材储备
一、动物的形态
1．...is the same size as ...
……和……一样大。
2．...were like penguins, fat floppy faces with fixed eyes.
……就像企鹅一样， 肥嗒嗒的脸上长着直勾勾的眼睛。
3．His eyes are black and very small, just like two black points.
他的眼睛是黑色的，很小，就像两个黑点。
4．Blue whale is the world's largest animal, of which the body is blue-gray.
蓝鲸是世界上最大的动物，身体呈蓝灰色。
5．The horse was of medium size.Its fur is fine and soft, oily-black, and one foot is white.There was a wide white patch that ran down the center of its face.
这匹马个头中等。它的皮毛细腻柔软，乌黑发亮，但有一只脚是白色的。它的脸中央有一大片白色斑块。
二、动物的习性
1．When the weather gets cold, it migrates to east-central China.
当天气变冷时，它会迁徙到中国中东部。
2．Penguins spend about half of their life on land and half in oceans.
企鹅一半时间生活在陆地上，一半时间生活在海洋里。
3．Dolphins live in the sea.They live on fish, shrimps and so on.
海豚生活在海里。它们以鱼、虾等为食。
4．Although it may weigh as much as ..., this giant of the sea feeds on ...
这个海里的庞然大物重达……，但它却以……为食。
5．Dolphins use sound to help them find their way, look for their food and talk with each other.
海豚使用声音来辨别方向，寻找食物以及互相交流。
三、动物的保护
1．Therefore, China has been taking measures to protect them for many years.
因此，中国多年来一直在采取措施保护他们。
2．Thanks to people's joint efforts, the number of the endangered animals is on the rise.
多亏了人们的共同努力，这些濒危动物的数量呈上升趋势。
3．More and more people raise their awareness of wildlife protection.
越来越多的人提高了保护野生动物的意识。
[随堂针对练笔]
完成下面短文
The Siberian crane is also known as the snow crane.In Chinese culture, the snow crane is ① (……的象征) elegance, purity, good fortune and long life.
a symbol of
It is about 140 cm in height, generally shorter than the red-crowned crane.Its feathers are ② (像雪一样白) except for some black ones that are only visible in flight.Its featherless face is reddish in colour.The Siberian crane is usually found in East Asia, ③ its numbers are known as the eastern populations.These migrate to China in winter.
as white as snow
where
Other much smaller populations migrate to Iran in winter.The snow crane has a good and diverse appetite, ④ (include) fish, insects, the roots of water plants and so on.Nowadays, during their long difficult migration journey, more people ⑤ (自愿给它们喂食), which will increase their populations.
including
volunteer to feed them
课时跟踪检测
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．在放学的路上，我看到一只眼里充满忧伤的小鸟。(介词＋关系代词)
On my way home, I saw a bird the eyes .
of which was full of sadness
2．当走进它时，它看上去好像在说，“请帮帮我，朋友！”(明喻)
As I approached her, she looked ，“ help me, dear friends！”
3．我发现它受伤了，于是把它带回家，采取各种措施去给它疗伤。(measures)
I found her injured and took her home， to treat her.
as if saying
taking all kinds of measures
4．在我放飞这只鸟的那一天，它在我头顶上盘旋，就像一位老朋友不舍离去。(明喻)
On the day when I set the bird free, she was circling over my head， .
unwilling to leave me like an old friend
Ⅱ.基础写作
某国际英文杂志的 Iconic Animals 栏目正面向全球中学生举行征文活动，请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，介绍一种中国特有的动物。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
根据括号内的汉语提示补全作文：
Panda
When talking about iconic animals in China, the first thing that comes to my mind is definitely the giant panda.
The panda is ① (最稀有的动物之一) in the world.It is a large animal with black and white fur which ② (生活在中国的山区)．People's “black eyes” ③ (被比作熊猫的眼睛)．
one of the rarest animals
lives in the mountains of China
are compared to panda's eyes
④ (看起来安静又可爱), it can actually be fierce.When it roars, the noise is ⑤ (像一列火车穿过) a tunnel.Do you know how much it loves bamboo An adult panda eats 10－18 kilograms of bamboo each day.And it ⑥ (一天花12到16个小时寻找并食用竹子)．
Looking quiet and lovely
like a train passing through
spends 12－16 hours a day finding and eating bamboo
⑦ (作为) a peace ambassador, pandas have been sent to other countries, where they ⑧ (受到了热烈的欢迎)．
Serving as
have received a warm welcome
Ⅲ.片段续写
根据下面给出的情节脉络和段落开头语续写一个80词左右的片段。
情节脉络：作者一家路遇两只成年大雁和一只小雁→成年雁由于受到惊吓，留下不能飞的小雁独自飞走了→小雁把作者一家当成了自己的家人，在作者家生活了下来，作者给它取名Peeper→Peeper长大后飞走了→10年过去了Peeper又飞回作者家……
It came as a total surprise to me when, in 2022, an adult goose made his way back to my family home. _______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
It came as a total surprise to me when, in 2022, an adult goose made his way back to my family home.He did all of the same things Peeper used to do in Peeper's old ways, and much to my surprise, he even responded to the name Peeper.It became clear to me that my old best friend had returned, 10 years later.This experience has been as meaningful to me as anything in my life: birds have feelings like human beings, so do many other living things.We human beings should learn to get along well with them.We need each other's care and protection.
[阅读拓展训练]
阅读七选五
Biologist Marc Bekoff studies dogs, wolves and coyotes. 1 .If they're in the same pack, animal friends may sleep close to one another.They greet one another, travel together, share food and groom (理毛) each other.Animal friends are nice to one another, and they even play together. 2 .
Playing together, for instance, helps animals bond and keeps them close to the group.“Coyote pups who don't play together are more likely to go out on their own. 3 .” says Bekoff.“If an animal has a special friend, both friends benefit by having someone to watch out for them.”
4 .When a young rhinoceros sets out on its own for the first time, it may look for an older travel friend, and this companion helps to find food and water and avoid predators.Young male elephants hang out together when they leave their mothers' herds, and young dolphins do, too.Pairs of bottlenose dolphins sometimes form strong bonds and pal around together for years.Among chimpanzee groups, some pair up to groom each other, hunt together, share food and defend each other from danger.
Why do animals have friends “Mainly because in the long run (从长远看) they benefit from friendships，” scientist Franz de Waal says.“It is all give and take. 5 .”
A．Young animals often team up for protection
B．He believes that many animals do have friends
C．He thinks that many animals seldom have friends
D．Therefore, playing together sometimes is harmful
E．And leaving the protection of the group can be dangerous
F．This friendly behavior can be important to an animal's survival
G．Sometimes one gives more, the other takes more, but in the end both parties gain
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了动物为什么会交朋友，以及交朋友带来的好处。
1．选B 上文提到了生物学家Marc Bekoff研究动物，本句承接上文，应说明他对这些动物的看法，故B选项“他相信很多动物都有朋友”符合语境。B选项中He指代上文Marc Bekoff。
2．选F 上文提到了动物一系列友好的行为，本句为本段最后一句，应说明这些行为的意义。故F选项“这种友好的行为对动物的生存很重要”符合语境。
3．选E 上一句提到土狼幼崽可能会独自出去，下一句则说如果有个伙伴则可以互相照顾，E选项“离开群体的保护可能会有危险”承上启下，符合语境。
4．选A 后文的例子表明，动物幼崽喜欢交朋友，是因为可以提供保护，免受危险。故A选项“年幼的动物通常会组队来寻求保护”符合语境。
5．选G 上文提到“It is all give and take.”本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文具体说明付出和索取的情况，G选项中gives，takes对应上文中的give and take。故G选项“有时一方付出的多，另一方索取的多，但最终双方都有收获”符合语境。UNIT 5 课时检测(六) Writing
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．在放学的路上，我看到一只眼里充满忧伤的小鸟。(介词＋关系代词)
On my way home, I saw a bird the eyes ________________________________.
2．当走进它时，它看上去好像在说，“请帮帮我，朋友！”(明喻)
As I approached her, she looked ____________________，“ help me, dear friends！”
3．我发现它受伤了，于是把它带回家，采取各种措施去给它疗伤。(measures)
I found her injured and took her home，________________________________ to treat her.
4．在我放飞这只鸟的那一天，它在我头顶上盘旋，就像一位老朋友不舍离去。(明喻)
On the day when I set the bird free, she was circling over my head，________________________________________.
Ⅱ.基础写作
某国际英文杂志的 Iconic Animals 栏目正面向全球中学生举行征文活动，请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，介绍一种中国特有的动物。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
根据括号内的汉语提示补全作文：
Panda
When talking about iconic animals in China, the first thing that comes to my mind is definitely the giant panda.
The panda is ①________________________ (最稀有的动物之一) in the world.It is a large animal with black and white fur which ②____________________________ (生活在中国的山区)．People's “black eyes” ③______________________________ (被比作熊猫的眼睛)．④____________________________ (看起来安静又可爱), it can actually be fierce.When it roars, the noise is ⑤________________________ (像一列火车穿过) a tunnel.Do you know how much it loves bamboo An adult panda eats 10－18 kilograms of bamboo each day.And it ⑥______________________________________________________ (一天花12到16个小时寻找并食用竹子)．
⑦______________ (作为) a peace ambassador, pandas have been sent to other countries, where they ⑧____________________________________ (受到了热烈的欢迎)．
Ⅲ.片段续写
根据下面给出的情节脉络和段落开头语续写一个80词左右的片段。
情节脉络：作者一家路遇两只成年大雁和一只小雁→成年雁由于受到惊吓，留下不能飞的小雁独自飞走了→小雁把作者一家当成了自己的家人，在作者家生活了下来，作者给它取名Peeper→Peeper长大后飞走了→10年过去了Peeper又飞回作者家……
It came as a total surprise to me when, in 2022, an adult goose made his way back to my family home.
[阅读拓展训练]
阅读七选五
Biologist Marc Bekoff studies dogs, wolves and coyotes.__1__.If they're in the same pack, animal friends may sleep close to one another.They greet one another, travel together, share food and groom (理毛) each other.Animal friends are nice to one another, and they even play together.__2__.
Playing together, for instance, helps animals bond and keeps them close to the group.“Coyote pups who don't play together are more likely to go out on their own.__3__.” says Bekoff.“If an animal has a special friend, both friends benefit by having someone to watch out for them.”
__4__.When a young rhinoceros sets out on its own for the first time, it may look for an older travel friend, and this companion helps to find food and water and avoid predators.Young male elephants hang out together when they leave their mothers' herds, and young dolphins do, too.Pairs of bottlenose dolphins sometimes form strong bonds and pal around together for years.Among chimpanzee groups, some pair up to groom each other, hunt together, share food and defend each other from danger.
Why do animals have friends “Mainly because in the long run (从长远看) they benefit from friendships，” scientist Franz de Waal says.“It is all give and take.__5__.”
A．Young animals often team up for protection
B．He believes that many animals do have friends
C．He thinks that many animals seldom have friends
D．Therefore, playing together sometimes is harmful
E．And leaving the protection of the group can be dangerous
F．This friendly behavior can be important to an animal's survival
G．Sometimes one gives more, the other takes more, but in the end both parties gain
UNIT 5 课时检测(六)
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．of which was full of sadness 2.as if saying 3.taking all kinds of measures 4.unwilling to leave me like an old friend
Ⅱ.基础写作
①one of the rarest animals ②lives in the mountains of China ③are compared to panda's eyes ④Looking quiet and lovely
⑤like a train passing through
⑥spends 12－16 hours a day finding and eating bamboo
⑦Serving as ⑧have received a warm welcome
Ⅲ.片段续写(参考范文)
It came as a total surprise to me when, in 2022, an adult goose made his way back to my family home.He did all of the same things Peeper used to do in Peeper's old ways, and much to my surprise, he even responded to the name Peeper.It became clear to me that my old best friend had returned, 10 years later.This experience has been as meaningful to me as anything in my life: birds have feelings like human beings, so do many other living things.We human beings should learn to get along well with them.We need each other's care and protection.
[阅读拓展训练]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了动物为什么会交朋友，以及交朋友带来的好处。
1．选B 上文提到了生物学家Marc Bekoff研究动物，本句承接上文，应说明他对这些动物的看法，故B选项“他相信很多动物都有朋友”符合语境。B选项中He指代上文Marc Bekoff。
2．选F 上文提到了动物一系列友好的行为，本句为本段最后一句，应说明这些行为的意义。故F选项“这种友好的行为对动物的生存很重要”符合语境。
3．选E 上一句提到土狼幼崽可能会独自出去，下一句则说如果有个伙伴则可以互相照顾，E选项“离开群体的保护可能会有危险”承上启下，符合语境。
4．选A 后文的例子表明，动物幼崽喜欢交朋友，是因为可以提供保护，免受危险。故A选项“年幼的动物通常会组队来寻求保护”符合语境。
5．选G 上文提到“It is all give and take.”本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文具体说明付出和索取的情况，G选项中gives，takes对应上文中的give and take。故G选项“有时一方付出的多，另一方索取的多，但最终双方都有收获”符合语境。
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