选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分)
(2025·济南高三模拟)A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence,enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans.Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy,involving a trial-and-error approach,which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use.To examine it,Brandon Turner,a psychology professor at The Ohio State University,and his colleagues conducted the new study.
In the study,the pigeons were presented with various visual images,including lines of different widths and angles,and different types of rings.The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.If they got it correct,they received food;if they were wrong,they received nothing.Results showed that,through trial and error,the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks,increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%.
Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning,which is linking two phenomena with each other.For example,it is easy to understand the link between “water” and “wet”.“Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do,” Tumer said.But that’s exactly what the researchers found.
The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use:associative learning and error correction.And,like the pigeons,the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers.For humans,the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the tasks easier.But in this case,there were no rules,which upsets humans.
“What’s interesting,though,is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans,” Turner said.“We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence;at the same time,we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said.
1.What is the purpose of the new study
To test a theory. To evaluate a model.
To employ a strategy. To involve an approach.
2.What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment
Draw circles. Correct errors.
Copy gestures. Identify images.
3.What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study
They are of equal intelligence.
They are good at making rules.
They respond rapidly to orders from humans.
They employ simple ways to get things done.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
Pigeons’ trial-and-error method is revealed
Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks
“Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI
AI models after pigeons’ learning approach
(2025·湖北十校第一次联考)Many robots track objects by “sight” as they work with them,but optical (光学的) sensors can’t take in an item’s entire shape when it’s in the dark or partially blocked from view.Now a new low-cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object’s form—and skillfully handle it based on this information alone.
University of California,San Diego,roboticist Wang Xiaolong and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data.
The researchers attached 16 contact sensors,each costing about $12,to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robot hand.These sensors simply indicate whether an object is touching the hand or not.“While one sensor doesn’t catch much,a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object,” Wang says.In this case,the robot’s task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm.
They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects,including balls and other irregular objects.Using information from each sensor,the team built a computer model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably.
Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand,which successfully controlled previously unfamiliar objects such as apples,tomatoes,soup cans and rubber ducks.Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the sensor data were so simple.However,New York University’s Lerrel Pinto,who studies robots’ interactions,wonders whether the system would fail at more complicated tasks.
So in future work,Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers.“This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object’s shape,” Wang says.The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shape.
5.What was the intention of the research conducted by Wang Xiaolong’s group
To develop a robot with advanced optical sensors.
To create a robotic hand to grasp familiar objects.
To explore the use of touch data in complex robotic actions.
To investigate the impact of lighting on robotic recognition.
6.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
The working principle of the robot hand in Wang’s research.
The type of contact sensors attached to the robot hand.
The way that the robot hand captured different objects.
The function of the robot hand in Wang’s research.
7.How did the researchers gather touch data for the robotic hand’s training
They used real-world objects.
They used complex optical sensors.
They relied on vision-based technology.
They conducted simulations with the robot hand.
8.What is Wang Xiaolong’s attitude towards Pinto’s concern over the system
Doubtful. Positive.
Unclear. Dismissive.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
(2025·湛江高三模拟)As an assistant manager at a restaurant,I encountered a heart-warming experience.One day,a father and his young son 1 the restaurant and spent a very long time looking through the menu. 2 ,the father came up and started asking me about 3 because his son was allergic (过敏的)to some food.
At some point,the boy,who was probably six or seven, 4 me a laminated (覆膜的) card that listed all his allergens.They were a lot.It was 5 for me to remember them,and I didn’t know what the seasoning mixtures were,so I asked to borrow the 6 so I could go check.He 7 ,and off I went.
It 8 that many of our seasoning and sauces contained allergens for the boy.After much effort,I found a 9 option for him and took extra precautions due to his meat allergy.The father was grateful and explained they had 10 to find suitable dining options.This 11 the beginning of a special connection,as they became 12 customers,visiting at least once a week.
The positive 13 I received was a heartening reminder that through genuine care and understanding,we can make a 14 .It reinforces my commitment to ensure that each guest’s experience is memorable and that they can 15 their unique needs.
1.entered denied
noticed checked
2.Formally Gradually
Immediately Eventually
3.expenses ingredients
tastes quantities
4.wrote drew
handed lent
5.interesting enjoyable
useless impossible
6.card boy
money menu
7.hesitated agreed
cried laughed
8.came to looked like
ended up turned out
9.clever cheap
safe new
10.struggled pretended
decided forgotten
11.designed broke
marked kept
12.private regular
normal curious
13.lesson present
envy response
14.difference change
sense promise
15.accept promote
tailor dismiss
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·潍坊高三统考)The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er gained the World Heritage Site status at the 45th session of UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee,1. (become) the first World Heritage Site related to tea.
The 2. (new) named heritage site,located in Lancang Lahu Autonomous County in Pu’er,Yunnan Province,3. (comprise) five large-scale,well-preserved old tea forests,three protective barrier forests 4. nine ancient villages in the old tea forests.
The committee said the cultural landscape is an outstanding example of a sustainable land-use system 5. (base) on the combination of horizontal and vertical land-use patterns.“This land-use system permits the use of natural resources in the typically 6. (mountain) environment of Jingmai Mountain and represents an exceptional example of a human interaction by Blang and Dai 7. (people) with a challenging environment.”
Chen Yaohua,director of Peking University’s World Heritage Research Center,said the tea-growing technique on the Jingmai Mountain is quite unique,particularly in these years 8. large-scale terraced (阶梯形的) tea plantations play a dominant role in the world.It represents the ecological ethics (伦理) and 9. (wise) that can inspire sustainable development in the world today.
The local government of Pu’er and the Yunnan provincial authorities have released three laws and seven regulations focusing 10. the protection of the cultural landscape resources.
A Para.1:strategy n.策略;Para.2:category n.类别;accuracy n.准确性;Para.3:primitive adj.原始的
B Para.1:track v.跟踪;追踪;block v.挡住;Para.4:smoothly adv.流畅地;平稳地; Para.5:transfer v.使转移;Para.6:complement v.补足,补充
A Para.5:celebrate 熟义:vt.庆祝;生义:vt.赞扬
B Para.5:can 熟义:modal verb能,可以 生义:n.金属罐
A Para.1:tackle problems处理问题;Para.2:visual images视觉图像; Para.3:complex visual categorization复杂视觉分类;Para.5:similar to类似于
B Para.1:take in接收;看到;注意到
长 难 句 式 A Para.1:A new study reveals that pigeons can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence,enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. [分析] 第一个that引导宾语从句;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词tasks;现在分词短语enabling them to solve difficult tasks作状语。 [译文] 一项新的研究表明,鸽子可以像人工智能一样处理一些问题,使它们能够解决一些人类也难以解决的困难任务。
选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的科学发现表明,鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些复杂的问题。
1.A [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy...To examine it,Brandon Turner...and his colleagues conducted the new study.”可知,Brandon Turner和他的同事之所以展开新的研究,是为了验证之前研究提出的理论,故选A项。]
2.D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The pigeons had to peck(啄)a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.”可知,科学家们希望鸽子可以按动左右按钮来确认图像所属的类别,也就是说,科学家希望鸽子能够识别图像,故选D项。]
3.D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use”可知,研究人员的人工智能模型也使用了鸽子使用的简单的方法来处理相同的任务,这是二者的共同之处,故选D项。]
4.C [标题归纳题。根据本文第一段中的“A new study reveals that pigeons(鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence”和最后一段中的“We celebrate how smart we are...we regard pigeons as not clever animals”可知,本文首尾呼应,都讲到了原本被认为不怎么聪明的鸽子可以像人工智能一样去解决问题,故选C项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校的机器人专家王小龙和他的团队通过模拟实验,探索仅用简单的触摸数据,机器人是否可以实现复杂的动作。这项新的低成本技术可以让机械手“感觉”不熟悉物体的形状,并仅根据简单信息就能熟练地完成复杂任务。
5.C [细节理解题。根据第二段的“wanted to find out whether...simple touch data”可知,王小龙和他的团队想弄清,仅用简单的触摸数据,机器人是否可以实现复杂的动作。]
6.A [段落大意题。第三段主要讲研究人员将16个接触式传感器安装在四指机械手的手掌和手指上。这些传感器只显示一个物体是否接触到手。在这种情况下,机器人的任务是旋转放在它手掌中的物品。由此可知,第三段主要介绍了王小龙研究中机械手的工作原理。]
7.D [细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知,研究人员首先进行模拟,在虚拟机械手练习旋转包括球和其他不规则物体的物体时,收集足够的触摸数据。利用来自每个传感器的信息,该团队建立了一个计算机模型,该模型可以在处理过程的每一步确定物体的位置,并使手指平稳地旋转物体。]
8.B [观点态度题。倒数第二段最后一句讲Pinto怀疑该系统是否会在更复杂的任务中失败。最后一段讲王小龙的团队的目标是解决更复杂的动作,并在手指侧面等地方添加传感器,他说这意味着通过触摸会获得更准确的信息,从而可以重建更精确的物体形状。由此可知,对于Pinto对他们研究现状的担忧,王小龙和他的团队是以积极的态度去应对。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一家餐厅的助理经理,为食物过敏的小男孩定制菜品的暖心故事。
1.A [句意:一天,一位父亲和他的小儿子走进餐厅,花了很长时间浏览菜单。enter进入;deny否认;notice注意;check检查。根据下文“spent a very long time looking through the menu”可知,应是一位父亲和他的儿子先进入餐厅,然后浏览菜单,故选A项。]
2.D [句意:最后,这位父亲走了过来,开始问我有关食物材料的问题,因为他的儿子对一些食物过敏。formally正常地;gradually逐渐地;immediately立即;eventually最后。根据上文“spent a very long time looking through the menu”可知,这位父亲花了很长时间浏览菜单。最后走过来问作者有关配料的问题,故选D项。]
3.B [句意同上。expense开支;ingredient材料;成分;taste口味;quantity质量。根据下文“because his son was allergic(过敏的)to some food”可知,小男孩对一些食物过敏,所以询问的是有关食物材料的问题,故选B项。]
4.C [句意:某个时候,这个可能六七岁的男孩递给我一张覆膜卡片,上面列出了他所有的过敏原。write写;draw画;hand递;lend借出。根据下文“so I asked to borrow the ”可知,男孩递给作者一张卡片,故选C项。]
5.D [句意:我不可能记住它们,也不知道调料混合物是什么,所以我请求借用卡片,这样我就可以去检查了。interesting有趣的;enjoyable令人愉快的;useless无用的;impossible不可能的。根据上文“They were a lot.”可知,男孩的过敏原很多,所以作者不可能记住它们,于是要求借卡片,故选D项。]
6.A [句意同上。card卡片;boy男孩;money钱;menu菜单。根据上文“a laminated(覆膜的) card”可知,男孩给作者递了一张卡片。作者请求借卡片。card是原词复现,故选A项。]
7.B [句意:他同意了,我就走了。hesitate犹豫;agree答应;cry哭;laugh笑。根据下文“and off I went”可知,男孩的父亲同意了作者的请求,故选B项。]
8.D [句意:事实证明,我们的许多调味料和酱汁都含有男孩会过敏的成分。come to来到;look like看起来像;end up结果;最终;turn out结果是;事实证明。It turned out that是固定句型,意为“结果证明;事实证明”,故选D项。]
9.C [句意:经过努力,我为他找到了一个安全的选择,并因他对肉类过敏而采取了额外的预防措施。clever聪明的;cheap便宜的;safe安全的;new新的。根据下文“took extra precautions”可知,作者还采取了额外的预防措施,所以此处应是为小男孩找到了一个安全的选择,故选C项。]
10.A [句意:这位父亲很感激,并解释说他们一直在努力寻找合适的用餐选择。struggle努力;pretend假装;decide决定;forget忘记。根据本句的过去完成时态以及空后的“to find suitable dining options”可知,他们一直在努力寻找合适的用餐选择。struggle to do sth意为“努力做某事”,故选A项。]
11.C [句意:这标志着一种特殊联系的开始,因为他们成为了常客,每周至少来(餐馆)一次。design设计;break打破;mark标志;keep保持。根据下文“as they became customers,visiting at least once a week.”可知,父子俩成为了餐馆的常客,所以那一次就餐标志着一种特殊联系的开始,故选C项。]
12.B [句意:同上。private私人的;regular有规律的;经常的;normal正常的;curious好奇的。根据下文“visiting at least once a week”可知,父子俩成为了餐馆的常客,故选B项。]
13.D [句意:我得到的积极反馈令人振奋地提醒我,通过真正的关心和理解,我们可以有所作为。lesson课;教训;present礼物;envy羡慕;response反应。根据上文“This the beginning of a special connection,as they became customers,visiting at least once a week.”可知,这是作者得到的积极回应,故选D项。]
14.A [句意同上。difference差异;change改变;sense意义;promise承诺。make a difference意为“有影响;起(重要)作用”。此处指通过真正的关心和理解,我们可以有所作为,故选A项。]
15.C [句意:这强化了我的承诺,即确保每位客人的体验都令人难忘,让顾客可以定制自己的独特需求。accept接受;promote促进;tailor定制;dismiss解雇。根据下文“their unique needs”可知,此处指定制顾客的独特需求,故选C项。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】 本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观被列入世界遗产名录,还介绍了该文化景观的特色和价值等。
1.becoming [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语。become与其逻辑主语“The Cultural Landscape...in Pu’er”之间是主谓关系,用动词-ing形式作状语,故填becoming。]
2.newly [考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词化的过去分词named,应填副词,故填newly。]
3.comprises [考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。根据句意可知,此处描述客观事实,故使用一般现在时;句子的主语The newly named heritage site表示第三人称单数概念,故填comprises。]
4.and [考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,设空前后是并列关系,故填and。]
5.based [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中is为宾从的谓语动词,空处作非谓语。逻辑主语land-use system与base之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词短语作后置定语,故填based。]
6.mountainous [考查词性转换。修饰空后名词environment,应用形容词。故填mountainous。]
7.peoples [考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知,空处应用名词作宾语,此处表示“布朗族和傣族人”。people在此为可数名词,意为“民族”,故填peoples。]
8.when [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为these years,从句中缺时间状语,故填when。]
9.wisdom [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处与ethics构成并列关系,此处用wise的名词形式,故填wisdom。]
10.on [考查介词。此处考查固定搭配focus on“集中于……”,故填on。]选择性必修第二册 UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
(2025·石家庄高三质量检测二)I didn’t go to Santiago,Chile to look for friendship.In fact,Chile was not even on my wish list.A mid-life crisis woman,I got a chance to study abroad.I only wanted to learn about global business,taste South American cuisine,and check “study abroad” off my wish list.
On the fifth day,I joined a group for a neighborhood work project aided by the anti-poverty (扶贫) organization.Our tasks were to build a water tower and paint the community center.Upon arrival,I couldn’t believe my eyes.It was like a scene out of a horrible film.That moment redefined poverty for me because I had never seen such terrible living conditions.As advised,I showed no signs of the emotional battle going on inside me.
Just as I was about to start work on painting,a request came through for a few volunteers to help Nadia,a local resident who volunteered to cook for us.I raised my hand to help because I wanted to spend time with the people of the neighborhood despite my shortage of Spanish-speaking skills.
Nadia had a sincere smile but not overly friendly.Even without speaking each other’s language,we started to learn about one another.We chatted about our children,our upbringing,shared pictures of our families,struggled to instruct each other to communicate in the other’s language,and laughed many times.
After we fed everybody and the dishes were washed,my day was over.But I found myself hesitant to leave.It was as if I had known her for my entire life.I had not predicted the unselfishness of heart I would encounter,and it was moving.
As we were waiting for the car to pick us up,Nadia showed me her plants that were well-maintained.I could see that despite the hard conditions she was passionate about life.She made me long to be a stronger person.She showed me that poverty was external,but happiness was internal.I was seeking to give 100 percent for a well-intentioned cause,but I left receiving 200 percent from her.
1.What was the author’s initial purpose of going to Chile
To find new friends while traveling. To participate in an anti-poverty project.
To fulfill the desire to study abroad. To gain a graduate certificate in business.
2.What did the author do after seeing the living conditions in the neighborhood
She decided to relieve the poverty. She kept her emotions well hidden.
She comforted the shocked volunteers. She refused to continue the present task.
3.Why did the author volunteer to work with Nadia
She felt very sympathetic toward Nadia.
She longed to interact with the local residents.
She wanted to improve her Spanish-speaking skills.
She preferred cooking to painting the community center.
4.What did the author learn from Nadia
True friends are never apart in heart.
Happiness is defined by a positive attitude.
Language is not a barrier to great connections.
Unselfishness is putting others before ourselves.
(2025·昆明“三诊一模”高三质量检测)Rushing down the path,the traceur (跑酷者) is on the lookout for his next obstacles such as fire escapes,walls or fences.As soon as he realizes a massive brick wall stands between him and where he wants to be,he unintentionally grabs on the wall with his hands and lifts himself to stand on top of it.His next move is a jump that lands him back on solid ground.However,noticing that he is unstable,he rolls to avoid injuries.
Traceurs are athletes who perform remarkable gymnastics actions in urban environments.Serious traceurs are fascinated not just by the physical challenges of Parkour,but by its philosophy.Those who learn to excel at Parkour claim to develop not just physical fitness,but increased self-confidence and critical thinking skills,as they train themselves to find ways around every obstacle in their paths.
Because of these philosophical foundations,Parkour is often described by traceurs as more of a lifestyle or an art form than a sport.Passionate traceurs are determined to keep Parkour from becoming a competitive petition,they argue,devalues the philosophical theory behind Parkour.People who practice Parkour should be more concerned with their relationship to the environment than with a ticking clock,a score or a cheering crowd.Furthermore,traceurs should work with each other to improve confidence,awareness and unity.Competition,they argue,only brings about feelings of conflict and disharmony.
While Parkour purists suggest that the philosophy behind Parkour helps to limit injuries,they must remember that not everyone who tries to leap over a mailbox is an experienced traceur trying to get in touch with his or her environment.Adolescents attempting to carry out these acrobatic (杂技的) skills could severely injure themselves.So while newcomers to Parkour might be eager to investigate this art of movement,it would be wise for them to remember the physicality behind the philosophy.After all,philosophy is not much good to a broken leg.
5.Why does the author describe a traceur at the beginning
To illustrate what Parkour is like. To teach ways of avoiding injuries.
To explain different Parkour moves. To highlight the popularity of sports.
6.How can Parkour enhance a traceur’s self-confidence
By strengthening physical fitness. By winning Parkour competitions.
By building faith in conquering barriers. By grasping some philosophieal theories.
7.What do we know about serious and pure traceurs
They are aware of how to treat injuries.
They suggest individual efforts in the sport.
They stress the relationship to the environment.
They are more concerned with remarkable actions.
8.What does the author advise newcomers to do
Face physical challenges boldly. Learn from experienced traceurs.
Start from leaping over a mailbox. Consider the risk of severe harm.
(2025·厦门高三模拟)The California sea otter (海獭),once hunted to the edge of extinction,has staged a thrilling comeback in the last century.Now,scientists have discovered that the otters’ success story has led to something just as remarkable:the restoration of their declining coastal marsh (沼泽) habitat.
Elkhorn Slough,a coastal marsh within Monterey Bay,had been experiencing severe damage.The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs,which fed heavily on the marsh plants,weakening the structural integrity of the habitat.Coastal marshes like these are not only natural defenses against storm waves but also serve as important carbon storage areas and water-cleaning systems.
The conservation-driven comeback of the sea otter has been crucial.California’s coastlines were once alive with sea otters.Sadly,they were nearly wiped out at the hands of fur traders.In the 1980s,conservation efforts aided these otters in reoccupying large areas of their former range.Now,Elkhorn Slough has the highest concentration of sea otters in California,with a population of about 100.By naturally feasting on crabs,the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life.Brent Hughes,a scientist working alongside Angelini,led a three-year study.Their findings were clear:in areas with sea otters,crab numbers fell markedly.This led to a resurgence in plant growth,which in turn stabilized the soil and lowered the rate of soil washing away.
As the sea otter population continues to restore,their positive impact on coastal ecosystems is likely to increase.It not only showcases the sea otter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect on its natural environment—but also highlights the essential nature of top predators (捕食者) in preserving ecological harmony.“My honest reaction was—this could become a classic in the literature,” says scientist Lekelia Jenkins.She reveals marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding.“Suddenly,sea otters go from just cute things we like to something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties.”
9.What change did the disappearance of sea otters bring about
Fewer predatory crabs. More coastal plant life.
Better water-cleaning effect. Worse coastal ecological balance.
10.What does the underlined word “resurgence” in paragraph 3 mean
Barrier. Advancement.
Expansion. Revival.
11.What is the author’s purpose in quoting Lekelia Jenkins
To highlight the importance of coastal marshes.
To introduce a new research study on sea otters.
To demonstrate the practical benefits of sea otters.
To emphasize the need for increased conservation efforts.
12.What message is conveyed from sea otters’ impact
The necessity for controlled hunting. The interconnectedness of the ecosystem.
The drawbacks of wildlife reintroduction. The need for human intervention in nature.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·陕西师大附中高三模拟)
The Decluttering Philosophy That
Keeps Your Home Organized
When you sit at your desk,you may constantly be confronted by chaos. 1 Here an expert shares about some useful strategies to keep our messes at bay and her decluttering philosophy—getting rid of unnecessary possessions and distractions.
2 “What becomes clutter and where your clutter collects can say a lot about what’s going on with you.” Thus the first thing you should keep in mind is to understand your clutter.When you understand the reasons behind your clutter,it’s a lot easier to know what to keep and what to get rid of.
When it comes to organizing,don’t bite off more than you can chew.If you start off with too big a goal,you might get discouraged if the job takes too long. 3 Instead,start with something less challenging.You can also work within short time restrictions.All in all,setting realistic goals and breaking tasks up into manageable portions can really help.
Once you’ve chosen an area to declutter,make a list of everything you have in that space.Then comes the hardest part:figuring out what to get rid of.At this stage,please look at your items with neutral eyes. 4
Admittedly,it’s easy to be organized the day after decluttering,when tidiness is still top of mind.But what happens when you come home from a trip and are too tired to unpack your luggage Or when you get the flu and are too sick to clean up 5 In other words,make a system that works for you even when you’ve got to work or when you’ve got a cold.
A.Everyone’s clutter tells a personal story.
B.So don’t restore your entire garage in one afternoon.
C.The key is to create practices that can be easily maintained.
D.It can help you let go of things you don’t need but feel attached.
E.Comparatively speaking,the job taking shorter time will be easier to finish.
F.At this time you may wonder how to clean up your space and keep it that way.
G.If you are worried about these situations,you can delay your decluttering schedule.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:cuisine n.饭菜,菜肴;Para.2:redefine v.重新定义;使重新考虑;Para.3:shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺;Para.4:upbringing n.抚育;养育;教养;培养;Para.6:long v.渴望;external adj.外界的;外面的;internal adj.内部的;里面的
B Para.1:obstacle n.障碍物;massive adj.巨大的,大而重的,结实的;solid adj.坚固的;固体的,坚硬的;实心的;Para.2:remarkable adj.非凡的,显著的;Para.4:severely adv.严重地;investigate v.研究,调查
C Para.1:extinction n.灭绝;Para.2:coastal adj.沿海的;Para.3:conservation n.保护;coastline n.海岸线; Para.4:ecosystem n.生态系统
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:check...off划掉……;Para.2:upon arrival一到达;Para.6:be passionate about对……充满热情的
B Para.1:on the lookout for sth注意某事,留心某事;fire escape安全梯,太平梯(在建筑物外部,用以逃离火场);Para.2:excel at擅长;Para.4:leap over跳过
C Para.1:to the edge of extinction到灭绝的边缘;in the last century在上个世纪;Para.2:root cause根本原因;serve as充当;Para.4:the positive impact积极影响;ecological harmony生态和谐
长 难 句 式 B Para:4:While Parkour purists suggest that the philosophy behind Parkour helps to limit injuries,they must remember that not everyone who tries to leap over a mailbox is an experienced traceur trying to get in touch with his or her environment. [分析] while引导让步状语从句;that引导宾语从句;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词everyone;现在分词短语trying to get in touch with his or her environment作后置定语。 [译文] 虽然跑酷纯粹主义者认为跑酷背后的哲学有助于减少伤害,但他们必须记住,并非每个试图跳过邮箱的人都是设法与他或她的环境取得联系的有经验的跑酷者。
C Para:2:The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs,which fed heavily on the marsh plants,weakening the structural integrity of the habitat. [分析] 这是一个复合句。关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰先行词shore crabs;现在分词短语weakening the structural integrity of the habitat作结果状语。 [译文] 其根本原因是岸边螃蟹的数量不断增加,它们大量食用沼泽植物,削弱了栖息地的结构完整性。
选择性必修第二册 UNIT 2
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去智利出国留学的过程中,发现当地街区的生活条件非常差,但作者很好地隐藏了自己的情绪,还主动和当地居民Nadia一起工作,并从Nadia身上意识到幸福是由对生活的积极态度定义的。
1.C [细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“A mid-life crisis woman,I got a chance to study abroad.”和该段最后一句中的“check ‘study abroad’ off my wish list”可知,作者去智利的最初目的是实现出国留学的愿望,故选C项。]
2.B [细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是最后一句“As advised,I showed no signs of the emotional battle going on inside me.”可知,到达社区后,作者对智利的生活条件感到震惊,但没有表现出内心发生情感斗争的迹象。也就是说作者把自己的情绪很好地掩藏了起来,故选B项。]
3.B [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话“I raised my hand to help...Spanish-speaking skills.”可知,作者举手帮忙,因为尽管作者不讲西班牙语,但作者想和街区的人共度时光。也就是说作者主动提出来和Nadia一起工作的原因是她想和当地居民互动,故选B项。]
4.B [推理判断题。根据最后一段的“She showed me that poverty was extemal...200 percent from her.”可知,她向作者展示了贫穷是外在的,但幸福是内在的。作者试图为一个善意的事业付出100%,但从她那里得到了200%的回报。由此推理判断出,作者从Nadia那里得知幸福是内在的,是由积极的态度带来的,故选B项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了社会上出现的一种体育爱好者——跑酷者,并阐述跑酷者哲学,同时针对跑酷新手提出一些建议。
5.A [细节理解题。本文第一段非常形象地塑造了跑酷者的形象,即沿着小路向下冲,然后当跑酷者意识到一堵巨大的砖墙挡在他和他想去的地方之间时,他用手抓住了墙,然后站在墙上跳跃、落到坚实的地面上。然而,注意到自己不稳定,他便翻滚以避免受伤。由此可知,作者开头谈到跑酷者是告诉读者跑酷到底是什么样的,故选A项。]
6.C [细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话中的“increased self-confidence and critical thinking skills,as they train themselves to find ways around every obstacle in their paths”可知,跑酷者通过训练自己找到绕过道路上每一个障碍的这种方法,不仅可以锻炼身体素质,还可以增强自信心和批判性思维能力,故选C项。]
7.C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People who practice Parkour...with a ticking clock,a score or a cheering crowd.”和第四段中的“they must remember that not everyone...to get in touch with his or her environment”可知,他们都谈到了跑酷与环境之间的关系,故选C项。]
8.D [细节理解题。最后一段谈到试图跑酷的青少年可能会严重受伤,虽然跑酷新手可能渴望研究这种运动艺术,但对他们来说,要注意考虑严重受伤的风险。最后一句“After all,philosophy is not much good to a broken leg.”再次建议跑酷新手要注意不要使自己受伤,故选D项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态系统的积极影响,强调了顶级捕食者在维持生态平衡中的重要作用。
9.D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Elkhorn Slough...weakening the structural integrity of the habitat.”可知,海獭的消失导致了沿海生态平衡的恶化,故选D项。]
10.D [词义猜测题。画线词句前文“By naturally feasting on crabs,the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life.”说明水獭通过以螃蟹为食,可以帮助植物的再生,从而推知画线词句“Their findings...soil washing away.”中画线词应为“复苏”的意思,与D项同义,故选D项。]
11.C [写作意图题。根据最后一段中“My honest reaction...our livelihoods and our properties.”可知,作者引用Lekelia Jenkins的话是为了展示海獭对人类的实际益处,如减少洪水灾害等,故选C项。]
12.B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As the sea otter population...in preserving ecological harmony.”可知,文章通过展示海獭对沿海生态系统的积极影响,传达了生态系统之间相互联系的信息,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些让你的家井井有条的整理哲学。
1.F [根据上文“When you...confronted by chaos.”和下文“Here an expert...possessions and distractions.”可知,此处要介绍防止混乱的方法,说明面对混乱时想要知道如何整理,F项承上启下,符合语境,故选F项。]
2.A [空处为段落主题句。根据下文“What becomes...with you.”可知,本段主要讲述了杂物都有自己的故事,A项符合语境,故选A项。]
3.B [根据上文“If you start...if the job takes too long.”可知,不要设定太大的目标,这样做会有坏处,B项和上文形成因果关系,举例具体说明什么样的目标是大目标,符合语境,故选B项。]
4.D [根据上文“At this stage...with neutral eyes.”可知,空处承接上文,说明用中性的眼光看待物品的好处。D项符合语境,故选D项。]
5.C [根据下文“In other words...when you’ve got a cold.”可知,空处和下文内容一致,说明关键问题是创建容易维持的实践。C项符合语境,故选C项。]选择性必修第二册 UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共17.5分)
(2025·深圳高三模拟)
Four London hotspots for coffee fans
Although London is known for its tea drinking habits,we can’t deny that Londoners are also enthusiastic coffee fans.We’ve rounded up our top 4 favourite coffee hotspots in the city.
Kapihan
Kapihan brings together the unique flavours of South East Asia in their new Battersea location.Both a coffee house and bakery,their selected single-origin coffee roasts are bound to give you a coffee experience like no other.
Friendly staff and a contemporary interior make this one of the best coffee spots to visit in South West London.
Antipode
Bringing the charm of Australian coffee to London—this café by day and bar by night concept suits every occasion.They boast some of the newest and most innovative coffee making techniques to ensure each cup they serve you is made to perfection.
We recommend the Japanese filter coffee accompanied by the mature cheese toastie.
Kiss the Hippo
Kiss the Hippo are certified professionals at making a good cup of Richmond coffee.They bring together elements of the quality of their coffee,and serving it in a beautiful space;to give you the most memorable experience.
In-house roasting is what makes their coffee-making process stand out.Their improved approach ensures that each cup holds perfectly brewed coffee for you to enjoy.
Jolt
Jolt,now open in Fitzrovia,aims to give you the most theatrical coffee experience.Their unique single-origin beans create everything from fresh cold brews,smooth,delicate lattes,and flat whites.Give them a visit to try their signature “Spanish Lattes”.
Enjoy their fresh coffee and watch their famous black glove-wearing baristas (咖啡师) work their magic.
1.What make Kapihan one of the most recommended coffee spots to visit
Its location and flavor. Its coffee roaster and origin.
Its service and room design. Its barista and magic.
2.Which spot suits the fans of the Japanese filter coffee
Kapihan. Antipode.
Kiss the Hippo. Jolt.
3.What can customers do when drinking coffee in Jolt
Enjoy a movie. Obtain a signature.
Watch a magic show. Witness the coffee-making.
(2025·太原高三模拟一)Pick up any packaged processed food,and there’s a decent chance that one of its listed ingredients will be the “natural flavor”.The ingredient sounds good,particularly in contrast to “artificial flavors”.But what exactly does the natural flavor mean It refers to extracts (提取物) got from natural sources like plants,meat or seafood.When consumers see the “natural flavor” on a label,they are unlikely to assume that someone is squeezing the juice from oranges into their bottles.They know even though natural flavors must come from natural sources,it needn’t all come from the plant or meat.For example,orange flavors might contain not only orange extracts,but also extracts from bark and grass.Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made.
So if flavors like orange are needed,why not just use oranges The answer comes down to “availability,cost and sustainability”,according to flavor chemist Gary Reineccius of the University of Minnesota.“If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda,” Reineccius says,“you don’t have any grapes for wine making;the products are going to be exorbitant;besides,what do you do with the by-products you create after you’ve squeezed all the juice out of the grapes ”
Actually,while chemists make natural flavors by extracting chemicals from natural ingredients,artificial flavors are made by creating the same chemicals artificially.The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple:marketing.“Many of these products have health titles,” says Platkin,professor from Hunter College.“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier,though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors.Natural flavors may involve more forest clear-cutting and carbon emissions from transport than flavors created in the lab.”
Platkin suggests getting more transparent labeling on packaging that describes exactly what the natural or artificial flavors are,so consumers are not misled into buying one product over another because of “natural flavors”.Reineccius also offers some simple guidance:“Don’t buy anything because it says ‘natural flavors’.Buy it because you like it.”
4.Which is a misunderstanding about the “natural flavor” juice according to Paragraph 1
It comes from 100% original fruit.
It is nothing but advertising tricks.
It certainly contains extracts made in the lab.
It is absolutely safer than juice with artificial flavors.
5.What does the underlined word “exorbitant” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
Popular. Expensive.
Durable. Innovative.
6.Why do companies use natural flavors in their products
To cut the costs. To promote the sales.
To advocate a healthy diet. To avoid food safety issues.
7.What can we conclude from the text
Gary and Platkin hold opposite perspectives.
Natural flavors are more environmentally friendly.
Customers are misled for ignoring labels on packaging.
Natural and artificial flavors are more alike than you think.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
(2025·湘潭高三模拟)Smith brought his three-month-old son out for breakfast one day.He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating,and just doing his 1 thing.
But then he noticed a 2 staring at him.He was 3 .“What is going on ” “They kept 4 at me,” he wrote in a post.
As it 5 ,the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son,and they felt inspired while watching the 6 .Smith had no way of knowing that until he paid for his meal.He was given by the waiter a 7 from the couple,saying what a great father he was and that they would like to leave some 8 for his meal.
“Today your meal is on my wife and me,” it read.“ 9 your time with that baby as long as possible.The Masons.”
For Smith,it was a happy moment of reassurance (认可) and feeling 10 .He was touched by the generosity and noted that he didn’t have a father figure growing up,so spending this time with his son is super 11 to him.
He wrote that he’ll share this 12 with his son when he’s older and that he wants to teach him kindness and about the 13 of giving back.
“I make sure I’m 14 ,” Smith wrapped.“I get blessed—I want to 15 someone else.”
1.unusual rare
big regular
2.stranger woman
couple waiter
3.embarrassed confused
worried scared
4.shouting aiming
smiling getting
5.turns out turns on
strikes out goes on
6.relationship appreciation
friendship instruction
7.bill note
excuse notice
8.credit cash
change fortune
9.Enjoy Share
Protect Cheer
10.lost exposed
wronged seen
11.significant occasional
grateful influential
12.idea breakfast
joy story
13.feeling comfort
power consequence
14.carrying it through paying it forward
making it up putting it down
15.approach address
bless watch
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·湖北高三联考)In the 12th century,the Southern Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin’an.Near Lin’an,on the banks of Lake Tai is the city of Suzhou.Given its location near the capital and its 1. (nature) beauty,Suzhou became a preferred place 2. (live).Thus,there were over 300 gardens 3. (build) here,and more than 60 are still in 4. (exist).
Among these gardens,the Humble Administrator’s Garden (Zhuozheng Yuan) is the largest and the most famous,and water pools take up 5. third of its area.6. (surround) the water pools is a luxuriant (繁茂的) group of flowers,plants,and trees,all carefully chosen according to the way their seasonal colors reflect off the sparkling water below.As is typical of Suzhou gardens,this garden 7. (separate) into different sections,offering various kinds of spaces 8. diverse shapes and sizes that represent different moods and feelings.
Since it is such a large garden,no simple description of the garden will do.9. you have to do is walk among the water pools and plants,enjoy every moment,10.
find your own treasures depending on your mood that day.
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:enthusiastic adj.热情的;hotspot n.热点;Para.2:location n.位置; Para.3:contemporary adj.当代的;Para.4:charm n.魅力;Para.7:process n.过程
B Para.1:decent adj.相当不错的;ingredient n.成分,原料;flavor n.调料;assume v.假定,认为; extract v.提取,提炼n.提取物;Para.3:marketing n.营销;销售;Para.4:transparent adj.透明的,清澈的;显而易见的;第6题C选项:advocate v.拥护,支持,提倡
A Para.7:roast 熟义:n.烘焙;生义:v.烘焙
A Para.1:round up汇集;Para.4:suit every occasion适合每一个场合;Para.6:bring together汇集
B Para.1:in contrast to和……相比;Para.2:come down to可归结为,可归纳为
长 难 句 式 A Para.7:Their improved approach ensures that each cup holds perfectly brewed coffee for you to enjoy. [分析] 这是一个复合句。that引导从句作动词ensure的宾语;过去分词improved和brewed作定语,分别修饰approach和coffee。 [译文] 他们改进的方法确保每一杯都盛上完美酿造的咖啡供您享用。
B Para.3:The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple:marketing. [分析] 这是一个复杂句。why引导定语从句,修饰先行词reason。 [译文] 公司之所以费心使用天然香精而不是人造香精的原因很简单:市场营销。
选择性必修第二册 UNIT 3
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦咖啡爱好者的四大热门咖啡店。
1.C [细节理解题。根据Kapihan中“Friendly staff....in South West London.”可知,Kapihan的服务和房间设计使其成为最值得推荐的咖啡店之一,故选C项。]
2.B [细节理解题。根据Antipode中“We recommend...the mature cheese toastie.”可知,Antipode这个地方适合日式过滤咖啡的爱好者,故选B项。]
3.D [细节理解题。根据Jolt中“Enjoy their fresh coffee...work their magic.”可知,消费者在Jolt中喝咖啡时可以见证咖啡的制作,故选D项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。文章主要论述了人们在购物的时候往往会选择天然香精而不是人造香精,认为天然香精一定比人造香精要好。可是专家建议消费者不要被天然香精所误导,要去买个人喜欢的。
4.D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Pick up any packaged processed food...The ingredient sounds good,particularly in contrast to ‘artificial flavors’.”可知,消费者在看食物成分表的时候,看到含有天然香精字样时会认为食品好,尤其是和人造香精对比。再根据第一段的最后一句可知,大家认为天然香精一定比人造香精要安全,这不是真的,故选D项。]
5.B [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的“The answer comes down to ‘availability,cost and sustainability’”可知,原因分为三个部分。本段中的“you don’t have any grapes for wine making;”对应的是“availability”;“the products are going to be exorbitant;”对应的是“cost”;“what do you do with the by-products...the grapes ”对应的是“sustainability”。只有B项可以说明成本,故选B项。]
6.B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple:marketing.”可知,公司使用天然香精是为了营销,故选B项。]
7.D [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Consumers may be talked to believe products...with artificial flavors.”可知,消费者相信有天然香精的产品会更健康,尽管从营养上来讲,这些产品和用人造香精的产品没有什么差别,故选D项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲在饭店一边吃饭,一边和儿子玩耍并照顾他。一对夫妇看到这一场景,很感动,主动给他们提供了餐费。这位父亲决定将这份爱心传递下去,并让他儿子知道善举的意义。
1.D [句意:他和儿子一起玩,一边吃饭一边照顾他,做着平常做的事情。unusual不寻常的;rare稀少的;big大的;regular常规的。根据上文“He was playing with his son and tending to him”可知,他做着平常的事情,故选D项。]
2.C [句意:但他注意到有一对夫妇盯着他看。stranger陌生人;woman女人;couple夫妇;waiter服务生。根据下文“Today your meal is on my wife and me”可知,一对夫妇盯着他看,故选C项。]
3.B [句意:他很困惑。embarrassed尴尬的;confused困惑的;worried担忧的;scared惊恐的。根据上文“But then he noticed a staring at him.”以及下文“What is going on ”可知,史密斯很困惑,不知道对方为什么盯着他看,故选B项。]
4.C [句意:他们一直对我微笑。shout喊叫;aim力求达到;smile微笑;get获得。根据下文“the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son”可知,这对夫妇一直对着史密斯微笑,故选C项。]
5.A [句意:事实证明,陌生人只是很高兴看到一个父亲和他的儿子在一起,他们看到这种关系受到鼓舞。turn out结果是,证明是;turn on打开;strike out开始行动;go on继续。根据下文“the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son”可知,此处是对上文史密斯的疑惑作出解释,阐述事实真相,turn out“结果是,证明是”符合语境,故选A项。]
6.A [句意同上。relationship关系;appreciation感激;friendship友谊;instruction指示。根据上文“He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating”可知,这对夫妇看到史密斯和儿子在一起,父子之间关系融洽的场景让他们受到鼓舞,故选A项。]
7.B [句意:服务员给了他一张这对夫妇留的纸条,上面写着他是一个很伟大的父亲,他们想给他留一些钱。bill账单;note短笺,纸条;excuse借口;notice通知。根据下文“saying what a great father he was and that they would like to leave some for his meal.”以及“‘Today your meal is on my wife and me,’it read.”可知,服务员给了他一张这对夫妇留下的纸条,故选B项。]
8.B [句意同上。credit信用;cash现金;change改变;fortune运气。根据下文“Today your meal is on my wife and me”可知,夫妇想给史密斯留一些现金来请客,故选B项。]
9.A [句意:好好享受你和孩子在一起的时光吧。enjoy享受;share分享;protect保护;cheer欢呼。根据上文“Smith brought his three-month-old...while eating,and just doing his thing.”可知,夫妇让史密斯好好享受和孩子在一起的时光,故选A项。]
10.D [句意:对史密斯来说,这是一个快乐的时刻,让他感到被认可,感觉自己被关注了。lose丢失;expose暴露;wrong不公正地对待;see看到,关注。根据上文“staring at him”可知,史密斯被夫妇关注了,故选D项。]
11.A [句意:他被这种慷慨感动了,他认为自己的成长过程中父亲是缺位的,所以和儿子在一起的时间对他来说非常重要。significant重要的;occasional偶尔的;grateful感激的;influential有影响力的,故选A项。]
12.D [句意:他写道,当他的儿子长大后,他会和他分享这个故事,他想教导他善良和回报的力量。idea观点;breakfast早餐;joy快乐;story故事。设空处指代上文所讲的这个故事。当他的儿子长大后,史密斯会和他分享这个故事,故选D项。]
13.C [句意同上。feeling感觉;comfort安慰;power力量;consequence结果。根据“he wants to teach him kindness”和“of giving back”可知,他想教他善良和回报的力量,故选C项。]
14.B [句意:我要确保我把爱传递出去。carry it through坚持到底;pay it forward将接受的恩惠传递下去;make it up组成;put it down放下。根据下文“I get blessed—I want to someone else.”可推断,史密斯要传递善意,故选B项。]
15.C [句意:我得到了祝福——我想祝福别人。approach接近;address演讲;bless祝福;watch观看。根据上文“I get blessed”可知,他得到了别人的祝福,也想祝福别人,故选C项。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了苏州园林的历史,以及其最大、最著名的园林拙政园的景观和参观方式。
1.natural [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词beauty,应用形容词,故填natural。]
2.to live [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是became,此处是不定式短语作后置定语,修饰前面的名词place,故填to live。]
3.built [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句是there be句型,空处作非谓语,与逻辑主语over 300 gardens之间是动宾关系,故填built。]
4.existence [考查词性转换。此处考查固定表达in existence,意为“存在”。句意:因此,这里建造了300多座园林,并且如今仍有60多座保存完好,故填existence。]
5.a/one [考查固定表达。此处考查分数的表达,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子是“1”的话,可以用a或者one表示,故填a/one。]
6.Surrounding [考查倒装句。分析句子结构可知,本句是一个倒装句,正常语序为“A luxuriant (繁茂的) group of flowers,plants,and trees is surrounding the water pools.”且空处位于句首,首字母需要大写,故填Surrounding。]
7.is separated [考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。本句介绍园林的基本情况,时态用一般现在时;主语this garden与separate之间是被动关系,且主语为第三人称单数,故填is separated。]
8.in [考查介词。结合句意“作为典型的苏州园林,这个园林被划分成了不同的部分,呈现不同形状和大小的空间,以此代表不同情绪和感觉”可知,此处表示“不同的形状和大小”,shape与size常与介词in搭配,故介词in。]
9.What [考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是is,空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且空处位于句首,首字母需要大写,故填What。]
10.and [考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,空前的动词walk和enjoy与空后的动词find形成并列关系,故填and。]选择性必修第二册 UNIT 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND
Ⅰ.应用文写作(满分15分)
(2025·娄底高三模拟)假定你是李华,你打算在暑假期间为来华的外国游客当导游。请给某旅游公司写一封邮件,申请该职位,内容包括:
1.写信目的;2.你的优势;3.表达感谢和期望。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Sir/Madam,
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·贵阳一中高三模拟)Leo and Alex were close friends.They had been friends since childhood,sharing countless memories,and growing up side by side.They were as close as siblings,sharing countless happy moments and supporting each other through thick and thin.However,one fateful day,a misunderstanding tore them apart,leaving their friendship in shreds.
Leo was a die-hard fan of the local football team,the Metropolis Eagles,while Alex was passionate about the city’s rival team,the Metrostars.Their differing loyalties often led to lively debates and friendly jokes,but it never affected their friendship.Until one fateful game day.
The Metropolis Eagles were playing against the Metrostars,and Leo and Alex were both determined to watch the game together.However,when the game got intense and the score was tied,Leo’s and Alex’s passions boiled over.Leo accused Alex of favoring the other team,while Alex felt Leo was being unreasonably stubborn.The argument escalated (升级) quickly,and words were exchanged that neither of them would soon forget.“You’ve gone too far.I don’t want to see you again,” thundered Leo.Both friends were left feeling hurt and disappointed.
The next day,there were heated discussions about the game,but Leo and Alex avoided each other like the plague (瘟疫).Leo deeply regretted what he had said and wanted to apologize,but pride got in the way.Weeks passed,and the silence between them grew deafening.
One day,while walking home from school,Leo came across a lost dog.He couldn’t help but notice the collar around the dog’s neck,with a tag that read “Alex’s Best Friend”.Leo realized this dog was Alex’s.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
At that moment,Leo was in a difficult position.
With a deep breath,Leo knocked on Alex’s door.
选择性必修第二册 UNIT 4
Ⅰ.【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m Li Hua,a high school student.I’m writing to apply for the position as a tour guide for foreign visitors during the summer holiday.
Firstly,I have a good command of English,which means I am able to communicate freely and fluently in English.In addition,in the past three years I have taken part in many social activities in which I performed well and gained rich experience.Furthermore,my interest and skill in communication and teamwork contribute to my application for the job.
I would appreciate it if you could consider my application and provide me with a chance to spread Chinese culture among foreigners.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
Ⅱ.【参考范文】
At that moment,Leo was in a difficult position.He knew that the dog meant so much to Alex.“I should return it to Alex,” he thought.But the argument between them had been intense,and their offensive words had nearly destroyed their friendship.Should he return the dog and face the possibility of another argument Leo began to hesitate.After thinking over,Leo found himself actually missing the laughter and companionship of Alex.Without hesitation any more,Leo decided to do what he thought was best.He took the dog back to Alex’s house.
With a deep breath,Leo knocked on Alex’s door.When Alex opened it,he was surprised to see Leo standing there with his dog.Handing over the dog,Leo explained what happened,embarrassment written on his red face.“Thank you for returning my dog,Leo,” Alex said gratefully.“And,I am really sorry for what I did.” Leo,tears in his eyes,hugged Alex tightly and admitted his own fault.At that moment,Leo and Alex rekindled their friendship,stronger than before.They realized that misunderstandings and arguments are inevitable,but it’s how they handle them that matters. 选择性必修第二册 UNIT 5 FIRST AID
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
(2025·贵阳高三适应性考试)
How to yum cha in Hong Kong
For Hong Kongers,a quality restaurant could become a family haunt that’s visited for generations to come.Here are some of the best places for chowing down on steam-basket goodies.
Forum
Founded by a legendary abalone (鲍鱼) master,this three-Michelin-star restaurant serves classic Cantonese dim sum with attention to detail that can only be described as impeccable (无瑕疵的).If you want to know what perfect dim sum tastes like,head to Forum.
Sun Hing
As the chefs begin kneading (捏) the dough and wrapping buns in the middle of the night,neighbors slowly fill the seats and wait for its freshly made dumplings and stir-fried milk puffs.There is no menu or ordering sheet here.Diners choose their dim sum from the display towers located at the counter.
Golden Valley
Golden Valley offers two styles of Chinese cuisine—Cantonese and Sichuanese—on one dim sum menu.Golden Valley’s dumplings are a refreshing and sumptuous (豪华的) pocket of shrimp,mushrooms,pork and water chestnuts,while its Sichuanese dan dan noodles are flavorfully spicy.
Veggie Kingdom
Veggie Kingdom boasts a pretty impressive meatless dim sum experience that even non-vegetarians wouldn’t feel lacking.With a veteran dim sum chef at the helm,Veggie Kingdom makes fresh vegan dishes using traditional cooking techniques.Specially-treated vegetable oil is used to replace lard (猪油) and butter.Mushrooms are added to replace the usual pork fillings.
1.What is the feature of Sun Hing
It was founded by a famed master. It offers special kinds of noodles.
It offers dim sum to night owls. It offers menus to order food.
2.Which restaurant best suits visitors who dislike meat
Golden Valley. Veggie Kingdom.
Forum. Sun Hing.
3.In which section of a magazine can the text be found
Business. Travel.
Entertainment. Health.
(2025·兰州高三诊断)For the past 8 years,K-9 Officer Roni has been by the side of Officer Joel Nitchman of the Deer Park Police Department.They’ve been through a lot together,and the cop (警察) thinks of the dog as a member of his own family.Recently,the team had just returned to the station when an EF-3 tornado suddenly formed nearby.
The wind picked up fast.Remembering Roni was still inside his cage in the patrol car,Joel didn’t think twice about rushing outside into the storm to get his partner.“The thought of ruins or the car flipping over...I couldn’t do that to him,” said Joel.“I couldn’t have him out there during that.” He felt debris (碎片) hitting his face as he headed into the wind,and he knew the situation was worsening with every passing second.
Conditions worsened even further when Joel made it around to the other side of the car.The wind and rain were so strong that he couldn’t get the door open.When he finally opened it,Roni refused to move.“I could barely open his door,” Joel said.“When I did,he’s a smart dog,he saw what was going on outside and he said he was not coming out.” With a lot of coaxing (劝诱),Roni finally followed his partner out of the car,and Joel was able to lead him by the collar back into the safety of the station.
“Never been through anything like this before,” Joel said of the frightening event.Now that the danger has passed,he feels even closer to his K-9 partner,and he’d do it all over again,if he had to.“I love that dog,” he explained.“He’s a part of our family.We can’t leave a loved one like that.There’s no way I was going to leave him like that.”
Well done,officer.It’s nice to know that these cops have each other’s backs through thick and thin.
4.What is the relationship between Roni and Joel like
Plain. Distant.
Terrible. Inseparable.
5.Why did Joel rush out despite the coming disaster
Roni was still on duty outside. He attempted to get inside the car.
He went to rescue Roni stuck in the car. He wanted to learn more about the tornado.
6.What is the most unexpected difficulty during the rescue of Roni
Lack of official help. Roni’s fear of the danger.
The poor quality of the door. The unsafe situation of the station.
7.How does the experience influence Roni and Joel
They are more attached to each other. They are now living closer to each other.
They have more loved ones in their lives. They are more independent of each other.
(2025·广州高三冲刺训练一)You are what you think.Whatever you are doing right now is determined by your thinking.All your emotions and desires are influenced by your thinking.The problem is that when you are not aware of your thinking,you have no chance of correcting it if it is poor.When thinking is subconscious,you are in no position to see any problems in it.And,if you don’t see any problems in it,you won’t be motivated to change it.What’s worse,few people realize the powerful role that thinking plays in their lives,so they don’t gain significant command of it.As a result,most people are in many ways victims of their thinking.
Consider your success as a student.The single most significant variable in determining your success as a student is the quality of your thinking.Your instructors will play a role in your learning,but even the best teachers cannot get into your head and learn for you.If you lack the intellectual skills necessary for thinking well through course content,you will not be successful in school.
Here is the key question we are putting to you in this book.If the quality of a person’s thinking is the single most significant determinant of both happiness and success,why not take the time to learn from the best thinkers
This book will inform you of the tools that the best thinkers use and will illustrate the activities and practice you can use to begin to emulate them,and take control of your destiny as a thinker.Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of these thinking aids,helping you discover the power of your own mind and of your potential to think systematically about your thinking.This book,as a whole,introduces you to the tools of mind that will help you reason well through various challenges you face.If you take these ideas seriously and practice using them,you can improve the quality of your thinking and ultimately,the quality of your life.
8.Why do many people lack motivation to change their poor thinking
They are victims of emotions. They are unaware of the need.
They think highly of themselves. They lack the academic guidance.
9.What plays the most crucial role in school success
The course content. The school environment.
The commitment of teachers. The quality of an individual’s thinking.
10.What does the underlined word “emulate” mean in paragraph 4
Make friends with. Win over.
Follow the example of. Look up to.
11.The book is organized according to .
types of life challenges varieties of thinking tools
determinants of life value ideas of different thinkers
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·广州高三调研)Collaboration (协作) happens more often than we realize. 1 .This may seem easy in theory but being an effective collaborator can sometimes be a challenge.Below are the tips on how to improve your collaboration skills.
·Listening
2 .During collaboration,it can be easy to get so wrapped up in your own ideas that you’re not giving your full attention and consideration to everyone else’s.If everyone in the room falls victim to this,there wouldn’t really be any collaboration happening.Take time to really listen and process the ideas of others.
·Giving and receiving honest feedback
It’s important that everyone is able to be straightforward when giving and receiving feedback.When you share your opinion and someone else disagrees with it,try not to take it personally. 3 .It’s not necessarily for your ideas to be right.On the other hand,you should also feel comfortable with giving open and honest feedback to others so long as you’re being polite.
· 4
This could be someone who works in a different position at your job,someone with a different background from you,or someone who’s an expert in the topic you’re seeking information about.This can help to start more dynamic conversations and introduce new ideas you may not have come up with if you were working on your own or with a group of like-minded people.
Collaboration may not always be easy. 5 .
A.Appreciating ideas from different fields
B.Seeking collaborators outside your field
C.It’s important to not let your self-importance take hold
D.Without collaboration,we may not be able to complete most of our work
E.If you do feel annoyed,remind yourself the goal is to find an ideal solution
F.It can be defined as working together with others to achieve a common goal
G.But if you apply these ideas,you may find the experience productive and positive
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:haunt n.常去的场所,消磨时光的去处;goody n.好吃的东西;Para.3:counter n.(商店、银行等的)柜台;(厨房的)操作台
B Para.3:barely adv.几乎不,几乎没有;刚刚,仅仅,勉强可能
C Para.1:command n.控制,管辖,指挥;命令;掌握,运用;victim n.受害者;Para.2:variable n.可变因素,变量adj.多变的,易变的;Para.4:illustrate v.(用示例、图画等)说明,解释;destiny n.命运
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:chow down on大口吃……
B Para.2:pick up改善,好转,增强;加速;think twice about doing sth三思而行,慎重考虑后再决定; flip over翻转;Para.4:now that既然,由于
C Para.1:be in no position to do sth(因为没有能力、金钱或权力而)不能够做某事
长 难 句 式 B Para.4:Now that the danger has passed,he feels even closer to his K-9 partner,and he’d do it all over again,if he had to. [分析] Now that引导原因状语从句;if引导条件状语从句。 [译文] 既然危险已过,他感到和他的K-9伙伴更加亲近了,如果有必要,他还会这样做。
C Para.1:The problem is that when you are not aware of your thinking,you have no chance of correcting it if it is poor. [分析] that引导表语从句;when在表语从句中引导时间状语从句。 [译文] 问题在于,当你对自己的思维没有意识时,如果思维质量差,你就没有机会去纠正它。
选择性必修第二册 UNIT 5
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了香港的四家茶餐厅。
1.C [细节理解题。根据Sun Hing部分中的“As the chefs begin kneading(捏) the dough and wrapping buns in the middle of the night”可知,厨师们在半夜开始揉面和包饺子,由此可见,Sun Hing的特色就在于为夜猫子们提供夜宵,故选C项。]
2.B [细节理解题。根据Veggie Kingdom部分中的“Veggie Kingdom boasts a pretty impressive meatless dim sum experience...Veggie Kingdom makes fresh vegan dishes”可知,Veggie Kingdom提供的是素食,适合不喜欢吃肉的食客,故选B项。]
3.B [文章出处题。根据本文标题“How to yum cha in Hong Kong”(如何在香港饮茶)和文章中对四家餐厅的介绍,如“If you want to know what perfect dim sum tastes like,head to Forum.”可知,本文主要介绍了香港著名的餐厅,这样的文章可能出现在“旅行”版块,故选B项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了警官Joel和他的警犬Roni是形影不离的搭档,在共同经历了一次龙卷风事故之后,二者更加亲密无间的故事。
4.D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For the past 8 years,K-9 Officer Roni has been by the side of Officer Joel Nitchman...the cop (警察) thinks of the dog as a member of his own family.”可知,Joel和Roni形影不离,Joel把Roni当作自己的家人看待,由此可知他们的关系很亲密,密不可分,故选D项。]
5.C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Remembering Roni was still inside his cage in the patrol car,Joel didn’t think twice about rushing outside into the storm to get his partner.”可知,Joel冲出去是为了把还在巡逻车的笼子里的Roni带出来,即为了救被困在车里的Roni,故选C项。]
6.B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he knew the situation was worsening with every passing second”可知,Joel对当时的天气等客观情况是了解的;再由第三段中的“When he finally opened it,Roni refused to move.”和“he said he was not coming out”可知,Roni看到了车外糟糕的天气,害怕得不敢出来。由此可知,在救Roni的过程中,最意想不到的困难是Roni对车外的危险的害怕,故选B项。]
7.A [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Now that the danger has passed,he feels even closer to his K-9 partner”可知,Roni和Joel比以前更亲密了,故选A项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要从思考的重要性切入介绍了一本书,该书旨在指导读者如何从最优秀的思考者那里学习,并通过提升思维质量来改善生活。
8.B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The problem is that when you are not aware of...you won’t be motivated to change it.”可知,很多人缺乏改变他们糟糕的思考方式的动力是因为他们没有意识到这种需要,故选B项。]
9.D [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和“If you lack the intellectual skills necessary for thinking well through course content,you will not be successful in school.”可知,个人思维的质量对其在学校的成功中起着最关键的作用,故选D项。]
10.C [词义猜测题。根据画线词上文中的“This book will inform you of the tools that the best thinkers use and will illustrate the activities and practice you can use to begin”以及下文中的“and take control of your destiny as a thinker”可知,这本书将告诉读者最优秀的思考者使用的方法,读者可以以他们为榜样,通过思考掌握自己的命运。故画线词的意思应是“模仿,效仿”,故选C项。]
11.B [写作手法题。根据倒数第一段中的“Each chapter focuses on a different...to think systematically about your thinking.”可知,每一章都侧重于这些思考辅助方法的不同方面,帮助你发现自己思维的力量和系统思考自己思维的潜力,由此可推知,这本书介绍了不同类型的思维工具,是根据思考方法的多样性谋篇布局,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了几个促进沟通协作的方法。
1.F [上文谈到协作发生的频率比我们意识到的要高。再结合下文的“in theory”可知,空处应该是在理论上对协作进行解释。故F项“它可以被定义为与他人一起工作来实现共同目标”作为过渡衔接句,符合题意。]
2.C [本段建议“倾听”。下文谈到在合作过程中,你很容易完全沉浸于自己的想法中,以至于没有充分关注并考虑别人的想法。故C项“重要的是不要让你的自负占据上风”符合题意。]
3.E [本段建议“给予并接受诚实的反馈意见”。上文谈到当你分享你的意见而其他人不同意时,尽量不要生气。下文谈到了你的想法不一定是正确的,故E项“如果你确实感到生气,提醒自己目标是找到理想的解决方案”承上启下,符合语境。]
4.B [本空是标题。根据其他小标题的句式可知,本空应在A项与B项中选择。根据下文的“这可能是在你的工作中担任不同职位的人,与你背景不同的人,也可能是你正在寻找的信息的主题方面的专家”可知,本段应讲述寻找什么样的人来合作。故B项“寻找你所在领域以外的合作者”符合题意。]
5.G [根据第一段最后一句以及本文的每个小标题所阐述的内容可知,本文是在建议如何成为一个有效的合作者。空前谈到“协作可能并不总是那么容易”,G项“但是,如果你应用这些建议,你可能会发现这种体验是富有成效并积极的”符合语境。选项中的“But”表转折,同时“these ideas”与本文的建议相吻合。]
