板块三 动词的运用
第1讲 谓语动词
题型 高考典题 命题角度
语法填空 1. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.2. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about were (be) also Shakespeare's concerns.3. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was built (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.4. (2024·浙江1月卷)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes be offered (offer) in smaller packs.5. (2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份)．6. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I wished(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 7. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were(be) previously unprotected. 1. 时态主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时；2. 给出动词考查其被动语态；3. 考查主谓一致。
一般时态
1. 一般现在时
语法规则 例句
表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)，如always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等连用。 He often goes to work by bus，and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天晚餐后和妻子一块儿散步。
按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。 Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。
在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时态时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 If it is fine tomorrow，we will go there. 要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。
2. 一般过去时
语法规则 例句
表示过去一段时间内经常发生的、习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或状态，常与yesterday，the other day，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。 In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1931年，亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。
3. 一般将来时
语法规则 例句
表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next year，in two weeks等连用。还可以表示说话者临时的决定。 —What time is it ——几点了？—I have no idea. But just a minute，I will check it for you. ——我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。
1. Not receiving any update within six months means(mean) that your application has not been successful.
2. In the more than five years since Hannah began(begin) her activities, she has received a lot of praises.
3. When the sun slipped(slip) behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose.
4. The next day, their dog, Tiffy, flew(fly) with pilot Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
5. For Mr Smith, this is a possible life-changing chance. The story once again tells(tell) us that one good turn deserves another.
6. In fact, Royte writes, “If food waste were(be) a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
7. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
8. Every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of excitement, wondering what camping fun and adventure we will/shall experience(experience) next.
进行时态
1. 现在进行时
语法规则 例句
表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 —I hear you are working in a pub. What's it like 我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？—Well，it's very hard work and I'm always tired，but I don't mind. 哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。
表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，run out等动词(词组)。 Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left. 洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
2. 过去进行时
语法规则 例句
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语(从句)连用，如：at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o'clock yesterday等。 He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”他一定感觉到了我正在看着他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻声地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？”
3. 将来进行时
语法规则 例句
表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。
1. He was cleaning(clean)his bedroom when he suddenly heard a loud noise from the street.
2. Shirley was writing (write) a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.
3. Engineers are setting (set) up over 15,000 sensors (传感器) nationwide and wiring them into a web.
4. I've seen those magic moments when children are talking(talk) to someone they are inspired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up.
5. I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling(smile) at me.
6. The last few years have been exciting because I've been following my heart to do what I love. Today I am living(live) a creative life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
完成时态
1. 现在完成时
语法规则 例句
表示发生在过去的动作或状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，并对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，till now，so far等。 He has already received three similar invitations this week. 本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。
表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有：since＋时间点； for＋时间段等。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me 我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？—Sorry，I haven't played the piano for years. 抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
2. 过去完成时
语法规则 例句
表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。 When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我已经有好几年没见他了。
表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：by then，by the end of，by the time＋从句等。 He had scarcely put the phone down before the doorbell rang. 他刚放下电话，门铃就响了起来。
动词如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend用于过去完成时，表示本打算做而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
3. 常使用完成时的句型
语法规则 例句
This/It/That is the first/ ... time＋(that) sb has/have done sth；This/It/That was the first/ ... time＋(that) sb had done sth这是某人第几次做某事 It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake. 那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
It/This/That is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成式；It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb did sth；It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb had done sth自从某人做某事以来多久了；hardly(scarcely) ... when ... /no sooner ... than ... (一……就……)。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down. 我一到家，就下起了倾盆大雨。
1. The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived(survive) China's long history.
2. My husband, our children and I have had(have) wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
3. Over the years, there have been(be) a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.
4. The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained(remain) around that level ever since.
5. Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept(keep) telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.
6. I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided(decide) not to run.
7. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying(study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution.
8. When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he brought the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had moved(move) from Turin.
9. Already, a number of films, including Water for Elephants and Zookeeper, have drawn(draw) the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
被动语态
1. 被动语态的构成
(1)“be＋过去分词”构成的被动语态(以动词give为例)：
时态 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般式 am givenis givenare given was givenwere given shall begivenwill begiven should begivenwould begiven
进行式 am beinggivenis beinggivenare beinggiven was beinggivenwere beinggiven — —
完成式 has beengivenhave beengiven had beengiven shall havebeen givenwill havebeen given should havebeen givenwould havebeen given
(2)“get＋过去分词”构成的被动语态：
get married结婚；get paid获得报酬；get hurt受伤；get trapped/stuck/caught被困。
2. 被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。
(2)强调动作的承受者时。
It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上建成。
In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.
在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。
With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
3. 主动形式表达被动意义
(1)“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of wool shirt feels soft.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。
(2)当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have you bought the book that sells well these days？I think it is suitable for us teenagers.
你买最近畅销的那本书了吗？我认为它适合我们青少年。
(3)be to rent/blame主动形式表被动意义。
Who is to blame for the mistake
谁应为这个错误接受谴责？
1. The young girl hurried home, never once looking back to see if she was being followed(follow).
2. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped (trap) in the mountains for two days.
3. More efforts, as reported, will be made(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
4. I felt hopeless at times, and wanted to give up, for I was convinced(convince) that we wouldn't do well in national competitions.
5. The traffic got jammed(jam) due to a car accident, resulting in a long line of vehicles on the highway.
6. In recent years, stress has been regarded(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
7. From time to time a summer school application won't be accepted unless it is submitted(submit) with proof of insurance, usually at least medical.
8. Many people think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are being created(create).
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共36张PPT)
板块三 动词的运用
第1讲 谓语动词
题型 高考典题 命题角度
语法
填空 1. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
2. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______(be) also Shakespeare's concerns. 1. 时态主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时；
2. 给出动词考查其被动语态；
3. 考查主谓一致。
walks
were
题型 高考典题 命题角度
语法
填空 3. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _________(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
4. (2024·浙江1月卷)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________
(offer) in smaller packs. 1. 时态主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时；
2. 给出动词考查其被动语态；
3. 考查主谓一致。
was built
be offered
题型 高考典题 命题角度
语法
填空 5. (2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份)．
6. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I ________
(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
7. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ____(be) previously unprotected. 1. 时态主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时；
2. 给出动词考查其被动语态；
3. 考查主谓一致。
have started
wished
were
考点一 一般时态
1. 一般现在时
语法规则 例句
表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)，如always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等连用。 He often goes to work by bus，and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day.
他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天晚餐后和妻子一块儿散步。
语法规则 例句
按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。 Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20.
快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。
在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时态时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 If it is fine tomorrow，we will go there.
要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。
2. 一般过去时
语法规则 例句
表示过去一段时间内经常发生的、习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或状态，常与yesterday，the other day，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。 In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
1931年，亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。
3. 一般将来时
语法规则 例句
表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next year，in two weeks等连用。还可以表示说话者临时的决定。 —What time is it
——几点了？
—I have no idea. But just a minute，I will check it for you.
——我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。
1. Not receiving any update within six months ______(mean) that your application has not been successful.
2. In the more than five years since Hannah _____(begin) her activities, she has received a lot of praises.
3. When the sun _______(slip) behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose.
4. The next day, their dog, Tiffy, ____(fly) with pilot Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
means
began
slipped
flew
5. For Mr Smith, this is a possible life-changing chance. The story once again _____(tell) us that one good turn deserves another.
6. In fact, Royte writes, “If food waste ____(be) a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
7. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _____________(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
8. Every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of excitement, wondering what camping fun and adventure we ___________________(experience) next.
tells
were
have reported
will/shall experience
考点二 进行时态
1. 现在进行时
语法规则 例句
表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 —I hear you are working in a pub. What's it like
我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？
—Well，it's very hard work and I'm always tired，but I don't mind.
哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。
语法规则 例句
表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，run out等动词(词组)。 Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
2. 过去进行时
语法规则 例句
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语(从句)连用，如：at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o'clock yesterday等。 He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”
他一定感觉到了我正在看着他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻声地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？”
3. 将来进行时
语法规则 例句
表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。
1. He ____________(clean)his bedroom when he suddenly heard a loud noise from the street.
2. Shirley ___________ (write) a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.
3. Engineers ________ (set) up over 15,000 sensors (传感器) nationwide and wiring them into a web.
was cleaning
was writing
are setting
4. I've seen those magic moments when children __________(talk) to someone they are inspired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up.
5. I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it ______________
(smile) at me.
6. The last few years have been exciting because I've been following my heart to do what I love. Today I __________(live) a creative life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
are talking
was smiling
am living
考点三 完成时态
1. 现在完成时
语法规则 例句
表示发生在过去的动作或状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，并对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，till now，so far等。 He has already received three similar invitations this week.
本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。
In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world.
在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。
语法规则 例句
表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有：since＋时间点； for＋时间段等。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me
我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry，I haven't played the piano for years.
抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
2. 过去完成时
语法规则 例句
表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。 When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years.
沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我已经有好几年没见他了。
语法规则 例句
表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：by then，by the end of，by the time＋从句等。 He had scarcely put the phone down before the doorbell rang.
他刚放下电话，门铃就响了起来。
语法规则 例句
动词如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend用于过去完成时，表示本打算做而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
3. 常使用完成时的句型
语法规则 例句
This/It/That is the first/ ... time＋(that) sb has/have done sth；
This/It/That was the first/ ... time＋(that) sb had done sth这是某人第几次做某事 It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.
那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
语法规则 例句
It/This/That is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成式；It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb did sth；It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb had done sth自从某人做某事以来多久了；hardly(scarcely) ... when ... /no sooner ... than ... (一……就……)。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/
than the rain poured down.
我一到家，就下起了倾盆大雨。
1. The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that ____________
(survive) China's long history.
2. My husband, our children and I ________(have) wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
3. Over the years, there _________(be) a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.
4. The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________(remain) around that level ever since.
has survived
have had
have been
has remained
5. Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I ___________
(keep) telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.
6. I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children. He hesitated and then said he ___________(decide) not to run.
7. For the past two years, Gordon's students __________________(study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution.
have kept
had decided
have been studying
8. When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he brought the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he ___________
(move) from Turin.
9. Already, a number of films, including Water for Elephants and Zookeeper, ___________(draw) the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
had moved
have drawn
考点四 被动语态
1. 被动语态的构成
(1)“be＋过去分词”构成的被动语态(以动词give为例)：
时态 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般式 am given
is given
are given was given
were given shall be
given
will be
given should be
given
would be
given
时态 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
进行式 am being
given
is being
given
are being
given was being
given
were being
given — —
时态 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
完成式 has been
given
have been
given had been
given shall have
been given
will have
been given should have
been given
would have
been given
(2)“get＋过去分词”构成的被动语态：
get married结婚；get paid获得报酬；get hurt受伤；get trapped/stuck/caught被困。
2. 被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。
(2)强调动作的承受者时。
It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上建成。
In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.
在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。
With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
3. 主动形式表达被动意义
(1)“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of wool shirt feels soft.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。
(2)当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have you bought the book that sells well these days？I think it is suitable for us teenagers.
你买最近畅销的那本书了吗？我认为它适合我们青少年。
(3)be to rent/blame主动形式表被动意义。
Who is to blame for the mistake
谁应为这个错误接受谴责？
1. The young girl hurried home, never once looking back to see if she __________________(follow).
2. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ____________
_________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
3. More efforts, as reported, ____________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
was being followed
had been
trapped
will be made
4. I felt hopeless at times, and wanted to give up, for I _______________
(convince) that we wouldn't do well in national competitions.
5. The traffic got _______(jam) due to a car accident, resulting in a long line of vehicles on the highway.
6. In recent years, stress __________________(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
was convinced
jammed
has been regarded
7. From time to time a summer school application won't be accepted unless it ____________(submit) with proof of insurance, usually at least medical.
8. Many people think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that _________________(create).
is submitted
are being created
