(共21张PPT)
板块五 从句和句式的运用
第1讲 定语从句
题型 高考典题 命题角度
语法
填空 1. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia, ” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
2. (2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America _____ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings. 1. 考查定语从句中的关系代词；
2. 考查定语从句中的关系副词。
who
where
题型 高考典题 命题角度
语法
填空 3. (2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place __________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
4. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 1. 考查定语从句中的关系代词；
2. 考查定语从句中的关系副词。
that/which
that
题型 高考典题 命题角度
语法
填空 5. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike.
6. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759. 1. 考查定语从句中的关系代词；
2. 考查定语从句中的关系副词。
whose
which/that
考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago.
她已不再是10年前的她了。
I hate the way (that) she always criticizes me.
我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。
He is a doctor，as was his wife before she had children.
他是一个医生，他妻子有孩子之前也是。
2. that和which的用法区别
只用
that
的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用
which
的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
3. as和which的区别
as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
“You can't judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.
正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。
1. The city was attacked by such terrible weather __ few citizens had ever experienced before.
2. The new community centre, one of ______ purposes is to promote cultural exchange, will host various international events.
3. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity __________ go beyond culture and time.
as
whose
that/which
4. Mum was sure the same colour would look great on her. She put the new colour on her hair and sat still for 30 minutes, just __ the directions said.
5. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, ____ is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.
6. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all ____ was left was pure water.
as
who
that
7. Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs ______ recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
8. A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, _____ is why the company decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear.
whose
which
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，case，position，stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会好些。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
1. We have entered into an age _____ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
2. We went through a period ______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
3. In a culture ______ people function according to ritual，music is used to help govern people.
when
when
where
4. One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons ____ this problem could not be solved.
5. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks ______ tiny creatures lived.
6. Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, ______ she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
why
where
where
考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which、whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.
9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2. “名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分人都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”。
The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
这家新建成的墙被刷成了浅绿色的咖啡馆，对我们来说真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
1. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _____ are women.
2. The house, the roof of ______ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
3. He wrote many children's books，nearly half of _____ were published in the 1990s.
4. The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by ______ we see the world around us.
whom
which
which
which
5. Restaurants can offer a choice of music on the food menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in ______ they are dining.
6. As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for _____ you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad.
7. Many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against ______ will be like trying to turn the clock back.
which
whom
which板块五 从句和句式的运用
第1讲 定语从句
题型 高考典题 命题角度
语法填空 1. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia, ” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.2. (2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings. 3. (2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that/which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. 4. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 5. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike. 6. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759. 1. 考查定语从句中的关系代词；2. 考查定语从句中的关系副词。
关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago.
她已不再是10年前的她了。
I hate the way (that) she always criticizes me.
我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。
He is a doctor，as was his wife before she had children.
他是一个医生，他妻子有孩子之前也是。
2. that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
3. as和which的区别
as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
“You can't judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.
正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。
1. The city was attacked by such terrible weather as few citizens had ever experienced before.
2. The new community centre, one of whose purposes is to promote cultural exchange, will host various international events.
3. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that/which go beyond culture and time.
4. Mum was sure the same colour would look great on her. She put the new colour on her hair and sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions said.
5. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.
6. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
7. Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
8. A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the company decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，case，position，stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会好些。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
1. We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.
2. We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
3. In a culture where people function according to ritual，music is used to help govern people.
4. One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved.
5. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
6. Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which、whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.
9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2. “名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分人都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”。
The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
这家新建成的墙被刷成了浅绿色的咖啡馆，对我们来说真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
1. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of whom are women.
2. The house, the roof of which was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
3. He wrote many children's books，nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
4. The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.
5. Restaurants can offer a choice of music on the food menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.
6. As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad.
7. Many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.
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