2026高考英语复习之语法填空考点归纳（含解析）

语法填空考点归纳
目录
名词考点（单复数；所有格；变动词；变形容词；词缀） 2
名词单复数 2
名词所有格（’s s’ of）…的 3
名词变形(形容词 ；动词) 3
动词考点（谓语；非谓语；变名词；变形容词） 4
谓语考点（时态+语态） 4
非谓语考点（to do/doing/done） 7
变形考点（变名词；变形容词 ） 9
形容词副词考点（原级；比较级；最高级；形容词变副词；反义词） 10
原级：一般是动词或者名词变形容词；原级结构 10
比较级：关键词以及特殊变形 10
最高级：关键词句 11
介词考点（固定搭配；介词+doing/n；ed/adj+介词） 13
介词类别 13
连词考点（连接句子；连词含义） 15
冠词考点（a an the） 16
不定冠词a /an： 16
定冠词the 16
代词（人称代词；不定代词；指示代词） 18
人称代词；物主代词；反身代词 18
it的用法 19
定语从句（引导词；用法）——名词/代词之后的从句;从句起着修饰作用 20
定语从句引导词 20
名词性从句 24
名词性从句的分类 24
名词性从句的引导词 25
名词考点（单复数；所有格；变动词；变形容词；词缀）
名词单复数
1． 一般规则：加 -s大多数名词在变为复数时，只需要在词尾加上-s。
2．如果名词以 -s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾, 通常需要在词尾加上 -es
3． 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词如果名词以辅音字母加 y 结尾，复数形式要将 y 变成 i，再加上 -es：baby → babies （婴儿）city → cities （城市）但如果 y 前是元音字母（如 a, e, i, o, u），则只需要加 -s：boy → boys （男孩）day → days （日子）
4． 以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词这类名词的复数形式比较复杂，贼的妻子从书架上拿了半片树叶和一把刀杀了一匹狼。thief wife shelf half leaf knife wolf
5． 以o结尾的单词+es 爱吃土豆芒果西红柿 hero potato mango tomato
以o结尾的单词+s zoo video photo radio
6． 不规则名词man → men （男人）woman → women （女人）child → children （孩子）foot → feet （脚）tooth → teeth （牙齿）mouse → mice （老鼠）
7． 外来词的特殊复数datum → data （数据）criterion → criteria （标准）phenomenon → phenomena （现象）
8．名词词缀
Exercise：
1．According to evaluation by the Palace Museum in Beijing, his jiyouhuang pieces are better than the Qing Dynasty 1 (original) in quality．
2． This ensures that its historical and ecological significance will be preserved for 2 (generation) to come．
3． As lonely elderly 3 (individual) pet these toys, the delicate texture serves as a reminder (remind) of embracing beloved family and friends．
4． European 4 (noble) loved its unique charm, calling it “white gold”．
5． Winding stone paths lead visitors past tea houses to halls, where 6 (local) practice traditional customs．
6． Moreover, not all students have equal access to technology, creating (create) a digital divide and affecting their various learning 6 (opportunity)．
7． For new generation of Chinese filmmakers and audiences, the reasoning is clear: if China’s own talents can deliver high-quality adaptions of the legends, why rely on Western 7 (studio) to tell Chinese stories
8．Despite immense 8 (challenge)- slippery surfaces, -25C and time limit, the teams work 24/7 in shifts．
名词所有格（’s s’ of）…的
1．some popular car-platforms like Drivy showcase the 4 (market) potential for collaborative and waste-reducing innovations．
2．It is calculated by dividing a _______2______ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy．
3．Owning a lovable, cuddly pet can unquestionably make one’s home life better and apparently, it can affect pet _____________(owner) professional lives as well．
名词变形(形容词 ；动词)
1． “Every week, I spent one day studying profession-related 1 (theory) knowledge．
2． The charm of Chinese online literature is 2 (bound)．
3． In recent days, the Chinese movie Ne Zha 2 3 (storm) overseas cinemas, capturing global audiences with its amazing visuals, awe-inspiring storytelling, and profound cultural themes．
4． The movie’s rise reflects a shift in China’s film industry． Once dominated (dominate) by Hollywood, domestic productions across genres are now surpassing Western films, driven by growing cultural pride, enhanced storytelling, and rapid 4 (technology) advancements． This trend signals a changing global film landscape．
5． Chariot Pit is a 5 (magic) site comparable to the Terracotta Warriors (兵马俑), known as the largest, best preserved royal tomb and chariot-horse pit from the Chu state．
6． Tanghulu’s 6 (culture) significance matches its sweetness．
7． Therefore, during 7 (joy) occasions such as weddings and childbirth, the oil-paper umbrella was an essential item．
8． The snake, with its rich connotations (内涵) and simple, flexible form, is also a versatile (多功能的) image for 8 (art) creations, as the organizers received around 6,000 8 (submit) from home and abroad within a month．
9． Since its release, Ne Zha 2 9 (top) the $2 billion mark at the global box office．
10．If the temperature is too high, the syrup (糖浆) will be too 10 (water) to shape; if the temperature is too low, the syrup will become hard and difficult to stretch．
动词考点（谓语；非谓语；变名词；变形容词）
谓语考点（时态+语态）
一般现在时考点关键
1、表示经常发生的习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：always, usually, seldom, sometimes, every day, now and then, once a week等。
2、非谓语to do/doing做主语;谓语动词用三单。
3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。
4、书报的标题，故事的叙述，小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍，图片的说明等。
5、时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。
6、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作。注意：一般现在时可以用于定语从句或宾语从句中表示将来。
1．The U．SEnvironmental Protection Agency (say) it is the fifth largest creator of dangerous waste．
2．What is amazing about these earth buildings (be) the fact that some of them are over 700 years old, surviving through natural elements, including earthquakes．
3．The traffic issue not only (affect) our everyday life, but may also threaten people's lives．
4．Between rows of trees (stand) a new building, which is supposed to be our new library．
5．At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city．
6．I am sure you know something about Tai Chi． The fluid combination of slow, graceful movements and lightning quick strikes easily (set) Tai Chi apart from other martial arts．
一般过去时考点关键：用来表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或状态的一种时态。
a moment/three day ago 一会/三天前
at first起初
long long ago很久之前
last night/Friday/week/month/year 昨晚/上一个星期五/周/月/年
yesterday 昨天
the day before 前天
the other day ．前几天
in 1999in the past．在过去）
现在完成时考点关键：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
【since】 since+时间点”、“since +/从句(从句用一般过去时)、since then
【for】 for +段时间
【recently，lately】
【so far，up to/till now】
【in/over/during the last/past +年/月/日】
【It is the first / second time…． that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。】
It is the first time that I have visited the city．这是我第一次访问这座城市。
【This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时． 】
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen．这是我看过的最好的电影。
被动语态结构（be+done）
Exercise：
1． while algorithmic personalization theoretically (theoretical) optimize knowledge retention rates, the gradual erosion of human agency in decision-making processes 1 (lead) to measurable declines in creative problem-solving capacities,
2． “Being a baker 2 (mean) getting up early every day, hands in lye (碱水), carrying a 10-kg bag of flour…” Bock told Beijing Review．
3． They 3 (assist) by the space station’s robotic arm and a team on Earth．
4． Currently, Chinese online literature 4 (break) new ground by focusing on the global co-creation of intellectual property．
5． Fanjing Mountain in Tongren, Guizhou Province 1 (praise) as an unusual destination for a thousand years．
6． Up to now, the Plum Blossom Ancient City 6 (become) a popular tourist destination, presenting tourists with its history, culture and natural beauty．
7． Yuan Yuan, who 7 (perform) the role for over a decade, now brings forth a refreshed take on this well-loved character．
8． The historical charm of Jingzhou 8 (lie) not only in the huge chariot pits (战车坑), but also in the well-preserved ancient city walls．
9． Jingzhou’s ancient city walls are another architectural wonder that can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn period and 9 (rebuild) during Ming and Qing dynasties．
10． In late 2023, while searching for a remote working location, Ke 10 (encounter) a photo online of Renli village with three unused buildings, which, with minimal adaptations, could be repurpose (repurpose) for offices, accommodations and even entertainment spaces for the community．
11． The journey begins with selecting the freshest fruits． Hawthorn berries, the traditional choice, 11 (prize) for their sourness and firm texture．
12． In the Yuan Dynasty, Persian merchants brought special pigments (颜料) to Jingdezhen, where porcelain traditions 12 (perfect) Local crafts men mixed these pigments with white clay, creating the iconic blue patterns．
13． A Ming-era dish that once belonged to a French King 13 (sit) in the Louvre．
14． When the young man 14 (transform) into a three-legged chair by a cat, the girl sets about a journey to help him recover his body and to prevent future disasters．
15． The exhibition 2 (feature) various works, including paintings, cartoons, illustrations, engravings and digital art created by art students and established (establish) artists like Dai Dunbang and Zheng Xinyao, as well as artists who have many social media followers．
非谓语考点（to do/doing/done）
时间 主被动 特殊考点
to do 将要发生 主动 目的状语；主语
doing 正在发生/持续 主动 结果状语；伴随状语；主语；后置定语
done 已经完成 被动 后置定语
Exercise：
1． To become a qualified professional baker in Germany, one must undergo occupational education and training, with learning skills both at school and on the job 1 (need)．
2． Instead, the bakery has attracted many faithful Chinese customers 2 (have) a preference for German bread． “It has made me more convinced about my choice．” he said．
3． According to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA)． Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze worked for nine hours on 3 (complete) multiple tasks, including the installation of space-debris protection devices．
4． The Shenzhou-19 crew is set to carry out a lot of 4 (schedule) space-science experiments and technical tests, while they will also undertake extravehicular activities and install scientific (science) equipment outside the space station, the agency added．
5． 5 (feature) great imagination, fascinating plots and compelling stories, Chinese online literature has drawn readers from all over the world．
6． Such attractions live alongside 800 animals and 2,000 plant species, nearly 20 kinds of endangered animals and about 30 types of protected plants 6 (include)．
7． 7 (conserve) its rich cultural and natural heritage, UNESCO has listed Fanjing Mountain as both a World Heritage Site and a Biosphere Reserve．
8． Ne Zha 2 is the first Chinese movie 8 (rank) among the 10 highest-grossing movies in the world．
9． Its innovative animation style and visual effects also play a crucial role, 9 (bring) to life a lively world filled with mythical creatures, epic battles, and breathtaking landscapes．
10． Putting images of dolphins 10 (trap) in rubbish on bins has been shown to reduce plastic waste．
11． Have you been to the Plum Blossom Ancient City Located in Fuzhou’ s coastal district of Changle, the Plum Blossom Ancient City, 11 (date) back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties
12． It encourages many visitors 12 (explore) the local traditions and beliefs．
13． Visitors can taste “plum blossom honey wine,” 13 (make) with ancient methods．
14． Her acting is not just a copy of the old way but brings depth (deep) and realism to the character, 14 (show) her emotional and personal growth throughout the story．
15．Within the 2,000-square-meter shared office space in the community, facilities like three-dimensional printers, livestreaming rooms and studio lights are provided to meet the specific needs of the remote workers typically 15 (pursue) careers such as creative design, programming and media．
16． Holding a stick at a 45-degree angle, the maker quickly rolls it in the syrup, 16 (let) the liquid sugar wrap around each fruit． As the sugar cools, it forms a glass-like shell that shines under the light．
17． The movie was made entirely in China, 17 (involve) 138 animation companies and more than 4,000 crew．
18． 18 (gain) worldwide reputation for his films Your Name and Weathering with You, Shinkai is regarded as a master storyteller who skillfully combines plots with breathtaking images．
19．Painted with tongyou — a kind of plant oil extracted from the fruit of the tung tree often found in South China — to make it waterproof, Chinese oil-paper umbrellas are not just an instrument to ward off rain or sunlight, but also works of art 19 (possess) rich cultural significance and aesthetic value．
20． 20 (complete) one oil-paper umbrella, it undergoes over 90 steps including sawing, twisting, edging, pasting paper, binding, oiling, and baking． Each step is indispensable．
变形考点（变名词；变形容词 ）
1． Her tireless efforts make Huangmei Opera 1 (attract) to younger generations and ensure its lasting place in the cultural landscape for years to come (come)．
2． Blue-and-white porcelain (青花瓷), a product of 2 (share) creativity, tells a story of how East and West craftsmanship harmonized．
3． One of the biggest problems is that students can become too 3 （depend) on digital devices．
4． It can provide personized 4 (suit) learning experiences and help students develop important skills for the future．
5． The 5 (finish) product boasts excellent quality, enduring more than 3,000 openings and closings without damage, and remaining undamaged even after soaking in water for 24 hours．
6． The exhibition features (feature) various works, including paintings, cartoons, illustrations, engravings and digital art created by art students and 3 (establish) artists like Dai Dunbang and Zheng Xinyao, as well as artists who have many social media followers．
7． In tasks such as mathematics, coding and natural language reasoning, the performance of DeepSeek is comparable to the 7 (lead) models from heavyweights like OpenAI．
8． When asked about the meaning of “DeepSeek”, its 8 (late) R1 chatbot replied, “The name reflects the company’s mission to deeply explore and advance the foundational technologies of AI, aiming to push (push) the boundaries of AL innovation and application．”
9． The (discover) of new evidence led to the thief being caught．
10． His (succeed) in business brought him a lot of wealth．
11． His (recover) from the illness was a miracle．
12． The (invent) of the computer has changed our life greatly．
13． Her (determine) to succeed inspired all of us．
14． The (develop) of technology has improved our daily life．
15． His (explain) about the problem was clear and helpful．
16． The (argue) between the two sides lasted for hours．
17． The (grow) of the plant depends on sunlight and water．
18． Her (choose) to study abroad surprised everyone．
19． The (recognize) of his talent in music came later in his life．
20． The (express) on her face showed her disappointment．
21． The (fail) of the experiment taught them a valuable lesson．
形容词副词考点（原级；比较级；最高级；形容词变副词；反义词）
原级：一般是动词或者名词变形容词；原级结构
1．一些副词，如：very /too /so /enough /quite等可以修饰形容词或副词的原级。
如：The boy is too young． He can't lift the bag．男孩太小了。他不能提起书包。（young,形容词，too修饰young,“太．．．．”）
2．表示A和B在某方面程度相同或者不同时用形容词副词的原级。
【1】肯定句A．．．+as +形容词/副词的原级+as +B
【2】否定句A．．．+not +as/so +形容词/副词的原级+as +B
比较级：关键词以及特殊变形
1． 比较级的修饰语，much(……得多)，far(……得多)，even(甚至，更)，still(更)，a bit(有点)，a little(有点)，a lot(很)， a great deal(大大地)，twice(两倍)，five times(五倍)，two-fifths(五分之二)，a half(一半)等修饰比较级表示程度，但决不可用very修饰，如：
Tom is a little taller than Mike． Tom比Mike稍高一点。
It is even colder today than yesterday． 今天甚至比昨天更冷。
2．两者比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“…比较级+than…”，如：
Actions speak louder than words．
3．表示“两者之间更……的一个”时，用“the+比较级”，如：
Lucy is the taller of the twins．
4．表示“越……，越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”，如：
The more you eat, the fatter you will become．
5．表示“越来越……”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more+形容词原级”，如：We should make our country more and more beautiful．
6．形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰：much，a little，far，a bit，a few，a lot，even，still，rather等
7．不规则变化——多少好坏远老
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
bad/ill worse worst
little less least
many/much more most
far farther farthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
最高级：关键词句
1．三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级形式，形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the，句末常接in/of短语来表示范围，如：
He is the strongest of all the boys．
2．表示“最……之一”时，用“one of+the+最高级”，如：
The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions．
3．形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用定冠词the，如：
Yesterday is her happiest day in her life．
4． 最高级的修饰语，by far/far and away(最，很)；much(……得多)；almost(几乎)；nearly(几乎)，另外，second， third， next 等也要放在定冠词之后，如：
This is the third largest building in this city． 这是这个城市里第三大的建筑物。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China． 黄河是中国第二长河。
This is (by) far the best book that I've ever read． 这是我读过的最好的书。
Exercise：
1． But in recent years, homegrown titles have increasingly performed 1 (well) than Western films, a change fueled (fuel) by rising cultural pride, better storytelling and rapid technological progress．
2． The breakthrough made by DeepSeek shows the possibility of advanced AI at much lower costs 2 was widely believed in the United States．
3． Sun explored the use of other raw materials to adjust the recipe and improved craftsmanship (技艺) accordingly to make the new recipe better for jiyouhuang, giving rise to a much 3 (high) success rate and purity of product．
4． The sharing economy is creating a more sustainable, resource-efficient and connected future, where more individual participation will pave the way for a 4 (bright) future．
5． while algorithmic personalization 5 (theoretical) optimize knowledge retention rates, the gradual erosion of human agency in decision-making processes has led (lead) to measurable declines in creative problem-solving capacities, a phenomenon particularly pronounced in demographic cohorts conditioned (condition) to interface predominantly with machine-curated information streams．
6． Eager to work with his own hands, Bock still chose the road that was foretold to be hard 6 (resolute)．
7． Fanjing Mountain is the only habitat of the world’s 7 (rough) 800 wild Guizhou snub-nosed golden monkeys, which are rarer than pandas．
8． Valued at $12 billion in 2023 and expected to grow at 8% 8 (steady) until 2030, the trend is driven by “kidults” — adults who find joy and comfort in cute, soft items．
9． Ke and her partners invited artists from around the world to design (design) 10 interconnected art pieces, providing visitors with a 9 (true) distinctive artistic journey．
10． A knife slips in, seeds removed, leaving the fruits hollow like tiny lanterns． Then they are threaded onto bamboo sticks, spaced 10 (even) for a fine appearance．
11． The blue that fascinate the world is never 11 (mere) a color — it is a language．”
12． Its director, Yang Yu, said that he 9 (initial) approached international production teams for some key scenes, but the results were disappointing, so he brought (bring) the work back to China．
13． The umbrella is lightweight and 6 (vision) pleasing, with a canopy (伞盖) that combines both poetry and painting．
14． The picturesque streets (street) of Taipa Village are filled with 14 (vivid) colored houses, stunning churches, ancient temples and traditional Chinese shops．
15． Sugar painting should be done 15 (smooth) in one continuous stream, and there can’t be any breaks in the painting process．
介词考点（固定搭配；介词+doing/n；ed/adj+介词）
介词类别
时间介词at, about, after, before, during, by, from, for, in, on,, until, since
地点介词across, along, at, in, on, above, under/below, beside, behind, before/in front of． between, among
原因介词at, with, because of, for, owing to, on account of
其它介词about关于, on关于, of ．．．．．．的, with与．．．．．．一起，用， without没有, like像, except除了, besides除了．．．．．．之外还有, instead of而不是, but除了，from自从，despite, in spite of, regardless of等。
Exercise：
1． Eager to work 1 his own hands, Bock still chose the road that was foretold to be hard resolutely (resolute)．
2． Shenzhou-19 crew members aboard China’s orbiting space station completed the first extravehicular activities(EVAs)of their mission at 9:57 p． m． (Beijing Time) 2 Tuesday, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA)．
3． It is now described 3 one of the world’s four major cultural phenomena, alongside US Hollywood movies, Japanese animation and South Korean TV dramas．
4． Its symbolic Red Cloud Golden Summit is so unique and magical, 4 a pair of castles and an arched bridge on tall rocks, that it appears as if it’s straight from the cover of a fantasy novel．
5． Ne Zha 2 is the first Chinese movie to rank (rank) among the 10 highest-grossing movies in the world． Achieved just 20 days 5 its release on January 29, this milestone adds to Ne Zha 2’s growing list of records．
6． Critics may view the trend as “infantilization (幼儿化)”, but for a youthful generation, it reflects a playful and curious approach 6 adulthood, not immaturity．
7． Have you been to the Plum Blossom Ancient City Located in Fuzhou’ s coastal district of Changle, the Plum Blossom Ancient City, dating (date) back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, used to serve 7 a crucial coastal defense stronghold．
8． This impressive role has been passed down through the years, 2 Yuan Yuan inheriting (继承) it from Wu Yaling, a well-known figure in Huangmei Opera．
9． Within the 2,000-square-meter shared office space in the community, facilities 9 three-dimensional printers, livestreaming rooms and studio lights are provided to meet the specific needs of the remote workers typically pursuing (pursue) careers such as creative design, programming and media．
10． A knife slips in, seeds removed, leaving the fruits hollow 10 tiny lanterns．
11． To meet their needs, Chinese artists added European elements like rose pat terms to traditional landscaped, making the porcelain more appealing 11 westerners．
12． As it broke box office records, Ne Zha 2 quickly emerged 12 a big success for China’s animation and film industries．
13． Having gained (gain) worldwide reputation for his films Your Name and Weathering with You, Shinkai is regarded 13 a master storyteller who skillfully combines plots with breathtaking images．
14． For example, many classrooms now have interactive whiteboards that allow teachers to present lessons 14 a more engaging way．
15． It can withstand winds of up to level five 15 deformation (变形)．
16． In ancient Chinese mythology, Fuxi and Nüwa, believed to be the creators of Chinese people, are often described as snakes 16 human heads．
17． It was part of popular street culture back 17 the old days．
18． And this is not just limited to businesses; it places greater emphasis 18 ordinary individuals and communities．
连词考点（连接句子；连词含义）
1、表示关联的连词：and, both… and…, neither…or…, not only… but also…, as well as, not…but…等。
2、表示选择的连词：or, either…or…, whether… or…, rather… than, or else, otherwise
3、表示转折的连词：but, while（而）, yet, however, still（但是，然而）, nevertheless（然而，不过），whereas（而）。
4、表示因果的连词：for, so, therefore, thus then（那么），hence（因此）等
Exercise：
1． XXX,particularly affecting (affect) adolescents in critical stages of cognitive development, are being overlooked (overlook) by educators and policymakers 1 the quantifiable benefits of technological integration in pedagogical approaches continue to dominate public discourse．
2． Works in Chinese, whether released online 2 published as physical books, are now being translated by enthusiasts worldwide．
3． 3 it is not a new obsession, it has the potential to change the world．
4． A 2:1 mix of sugar and water is heated 5 it reaches the “hard-crack stage”
5． As we move forward, it is important to find a balance between traditional teaching methods 5 the use of technology to create the best possible learning environment for all students．
6． In Chinese culture, as some believe, the snake does not usually represent evil 6 is a sacred creature with mysterious powers．
7． “They may have limited understanding of colors, 6 they often take pride in their’ creations’ and find endless (end) pleasure from such activities．”
8． Chinese audiences are willing to support it as a way of promoting domestic animation 8 sharing Chinese culture with the world．
9． Sun explored the use of other raw materials to adjust the recipe 7 improved craftsmanship (技艺) accordingly to make the new recipe better for jiyouhuang, giving rise to a much higher (high) success rate and purity of product．
10． Recalliing watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____10____ see how Tang’s play was being performed．
冠词考点（a an the）
不定冠词a /an：
(1)基本区别：原则上说，a用于辅音前;an用于元音前。辅音前用a的例子如a book, a student, a school ,a house, a magazine等;元音前用an的例子如an egg, an apple, an object, an idea, an ugly thing 等。
(2)易错说明:hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用an。反过来，有些单词虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以辅音开头，那么它们的前面应用a而不是an，这些词常见的有useful, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed, one-way等。
定冠词the
1．用在名词前表示特指。
2．用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。
3．用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)和最高级前。
4．用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。
5．定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。
6．用在表示计量的名词前如
7．定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或夫妻俩。
8．用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。
Exercise：
1． His Bakery in Beijing is neither brightly colored that seems beautiful, nor is it located in a busy downtown area, but 1 authentic German bread baked attracts customers from all over the city．
2． The mission of the first extravehicular activities of the Shenzhou-19 crew was 2 great success, setting a new record for the duration of extravehicular tasks (task) by Chinese astronauts, said the CMSA．
3． Themes like the pursuit (pursue) of dreams and the fight for justice are universal, uniting people across cultures,” said Carlo Maria Rossi, 3 Italian fan of the popular Chinese web novel Lord of Mysteries．
4． Its symbolic Red Cloud Golden Summit is so unique and magical, with a pair of castles and an arched bridge on tall rocks, that it appears as if it’s straight from the cover of 4 fantasy novel．
5． The movie, rooted in Chinese culture, draws from 5 classic tale of Ne Zha, combining fantasy, adventure and moral lessons that are well received across generations and cultures．
6． Policymakers, too, might employ 6 trick to regulate people’s behavior．
7． Winter Plum Festival, 7 annual event, highlights puppet shows and seafood feasts．
8． This impressive role has been passed down through the years, with Yuan Yuan inheriting (继承) it from Wu Yaling, 3 well-known figure in Huangmei Opera．
9． It is 9 combination of ancient Chu culture and the famous tales of the Three Kingdoms period．
10． Renli village in Ziyang city, Sichuan province, Southwest China, is home to a digital nomad community founded by Ke Yu, a girl born in 2000． 10 village, just a half- hour drive from downtown, helps escape the pollution, traffic and city crowds．
11． Simple as it looks, 11 process of making Tanghulu is a delicate dance of timing, temperature, and technique．
12．At 12 London show in 2025, a young maker used 3 D printers to shape (shape) vases but hand-painted them with dragons and Greek myths side by side．
13． The Chinese production is also 13 first non-Hollywood film to break into the all-time global top 20 of highest-grossing (最高票房的) films．
14． Shinkai also revealed that the popular Chinese cartoon The Legend of Hei, about a black cat monster, has given him the inspiration to create the keystone, 14 unusual and magic object that possesses the power to close the doors (door) preventing disasters．
15． online resources provide students with 15 wealth of information that they can access anytime and anywhere．
代词（人称代词；不定代词；指示代词）
人称代词；物主代词；反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身代词
第一人称 单数
复数
第二人称 单数
复数
第三人称 单数
复数
不定代词的用法
one，ones，the one，the ones，it，that，those的用法比较
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的＂一个＂，相当于“a/an+名词”其复数形式为ones
ones 指代前面出现过的复数名词，表泛指，同类不同一。
the one 指代前面出现过的可数名词单数，表特指，同类不同一，相当于“the+名词单数”
the ones 指代前面出现过的可数名词复数，表特指（有时相当于those），同类不同一
it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物
that 可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones
those 指＂the＋名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)＂，表特指，同类不同一。
it的用法
一、it 作代词，灵活指代
指物 / 生物：代指动物、植物、物品，如 “It is a basketball．”
指婴儿 / 身份不明者：不知性别用 it，如 “The baby is crying． It might be hungry．”;敲门问 “Who is it ”
代替 this/that：回答 “What’s that ” 时，用 “It’s a ball．”
表天气 / 时间 / 距离等：“It’s raining．”“It’s eight o’clock．”“It is a long way from here to station．”
指代上文内容：“There is a dog． It is cute．”(it 指狗);“He is honest． I know it well．”(it 指 “他诚实” 这件事)
二、it 作形式主语，简化句式
It’s + 形容词 / 名词 + to do：“It is interesting to play basketball．”(描述事情);“It is a good habit to exercise．”
It’s + 形容人品格的词 + of sb． +to do：“It is kind of you to help me．”(形容人)
It’s + 形容词 / 名词 + doing：“It is no use crying over spilt milk．”(覆水难收)
It’s + 形容词 / 名词 / 过去分词 + that 从句：“It is strange that she should be rude．”(虚拟语气);“It is said that Susan has been to Europe．”
三、it 作形式宾语，平衡句子结构（think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；）
代不定式：“I find it difficult to do the job well．”(动词：consider/feel 等)
代动名词：“We think it no use complaining．”
代从句：“I like it that you came．”
四、it 用于强调结构，突出重点
结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who…
强调主语：“It is Ms Tao who teaches us English．”
强调宾语：“It is English that Ms Tao teaches．”
强调状语：“It is every Monday that Ms Tao teaches us．”
Exercise：
1．It marked Cai’s second EVAs in space, following 1 (he) initial EVAs during the Shenzhou-14 mission two years ago．
2．This ensures that its historical and ecological significance will be preserved for generations (generation) to come． Fanjing Mountain is a place of spirit safe for humans, wildlife making it 2 (their) as well．
3． Modern upgrades like solar-powered lights protect heritage from harming 3 (it) charm．
4． 4 (it) area is amazing, with the main pit — the No．1 chariot-horse pit — spanning 132．6 meters in length and 12 meters in width (wide), housing estimated 66chariots and 258 horses．
5． 5 is said that Shinkai was inspired by the destructive Tohoku earthquake and tsunami of 2011．
6．When he studied Chinese poetry and the Three Character Classic, a 13th-century text for children on Confucian philosophy, he found 6 (he), instead of being attracted by the text, seized by the illustrations．
定语从句（引导词；用法）——名词/代词之后的从句;从句起着修饰作用
定语从句引导词
1：定语从句无what
2：that——指人；指物；做主语；做宾语
3：which——指物；做主语；做宾语
4：who——指人；做主语；做宾语
5：whom——指人；做宾语
6：whose——指人；指物；做定语
7：as——主语、宾语、表语
as everybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样as is expected正如所预料的那样
as everyone knows/as is well known 众所周知as often happens正如经常发生的那样as has been said before 如前所述as is mentioned above正如上面提到的那样as is often the case 情况往往是这样
8：where——做地点状语（地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等）
9：when——做时间状语
10：why——做目的状语
11：只用that；不用which的情况
（1）先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。
All the people that come from the country work much harder．
所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。
（2）先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only， the very， the last等修饰时， 关系代词通常只用that， 不用which．
如：The first English novel that I read was Cities． 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
（3）先行词既有人又有物时， 关系代词只用that， 不用which．
如：The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all． 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
12： 只用which，不能用that的情况
（1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which．
如：The house in which we live is very large． 我们住的房子非常大。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking． 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
（2） 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that．
如：Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior． 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published．
书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which，而不用that。
Exercise：
1．This is the exact spot________ he asked me to leave with him．
2．In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one__________ they can earn money to support themselves．
3．I enjoyed my stay in the library _______ I could read various books I was interested in．
4．The woman said that her husband had died some months before and that she didn’t have anyone else in her family _______could help her．
5．In spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world．
6．Nature can offer almost everything ________ human beings need if we follow her rules．
7．Eventually, these birds managed to reach the places ________ they would spend the winter．
8．It was the midnight________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game．
9．Occasions are quite rare_________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids．
10．I'm grateful that the assistant responded in a way _______ made me rethink the power of my words．
11．We should take an active attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark ________is true as well as good．
12．The idea has quickly spread to Europe in _______ special courses are now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old．
13．But like anyone for ________ you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad．
14．The house in __________ Lu Xun once lived is a museum now．
15．I’ll never forget the day ________ which we worked together in the countryside．
16．Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ________ you received gifts
17．Whether you like it or not, we live in a community ________ online chatting is an important part of communication．
18．One afternoon _________ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground．
19．They also had a small pond _________they raised fish．
20．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government_ started_(start) a soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7．7 million tons．
21．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant．
22．This is the best book ________ I have ever seen．
23．Los Angeles is ________ an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit．
24．It was in the small house ________ was built with stones that he spent his childhood．
25．If you want to learn the piano well, all _______ you have to do is to practice every day with correct methods．
26．This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ________ many others are short of．
27．Officials of our city are considering a law ________ would require pet owners to put microchips in their animals．
28．Analysts in China say there are three factors ________ contribute to the sudden increase of bikes．
29．Later, she studied Chinese medicine with experts in the field from ________ she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices．
30．Tik Tok’s woes (麻烦) offer others an opening． In India, ________ 200 million users lost access to it overnight, a local rival, Roposo, got 22 million sign-ups in 48 hours． In America Facebook is about to launch Instagram “Reels”, a TikTok clone, and YouTube will soon roll out “Shorts”．
31．For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, ________ information is listed above．
32．The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45— 60 days, then the babies grow without their mother, _______ is a rare phenomenon in nature．
33．First, we went to Zhili Governor Office, ________ is a very famous tourist spot in China．
34．The study has found that since 2000 the Earth’s green leaf are has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers, ________ is an area equal to the total area of the Amazon rainforest．
35．The number of smokers, _________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year．
36．But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _______I was the first Western TV reporter to film a special unit．
37．She might possibly come, in _______ case I’ll ask her．
38．George Orwell, _______ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays．
39．He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages．
40．Anyway, that evening, ______I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place．
名词性从句
名词性从句的分类
主语从句（Subject Clause）：
在句子中作为主语。
引导词包括：that, what, who, whether, if 等。
示例：Whether he will come is still a question．（他是否会来还是个问题。）
宾语从句（Object Clause）：
在句子中作为宾语。
引导词包括：that, what, who, whether, if 等。
示例：I wonder if she will come．（我不知道她会不会来。）
表语从句（Predicative Clause）：
在句子中作为表语。
引导词包括：that, what, who, whether, if 等。
示例：The problem is that we don't have enough time．（问题是我们没有足够的时间。）
同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：
在句子中作为同位语，对前面的名词进行解释说明。
引导词包括：that, which, who 等。
示例：The fact that he is late worries us．（他迟到的事实让我们担心。）
名词性从句的引导词
连接词 含义 在从句中的成分
that 无含义 不做成分
Whether 是否 不做成分
if 是否 不做成分
As though 好像，似乎 不做成分
As if 好像，似乎 不做成分
What (1)什么（2）所…的(东西,地方,人,话…) (3)多么…! 主、宾、表
Who 谁 主、宾、表
Whom 谁 宾
which 哪一个、哪一些 主、宾、表
when 什么时候 时间状语
where 什么地方 地点状语
why 为什么 原因状语
how (1)怎么样，如何(2)多么 方式状语
how many 多少（+可数名词）
how much 多少（+可数名词）
how often 多久一次（问频率） 状语
How soon 多久以后 状语
Whatever …的一切；无论什么 主、宾、表
whichever …中的任何一个；无论哪一个 主、宾、表
whoever …中的任何一个人；无论谁 主、宾、表
whomever …中的任何一个人；无论谁 宾语
whosever 无论谁的，无论…的 定语
Exercise：
1．The power of AI lies exactly in is often considered as its weakness．
2．The decision was made we should have some school trips this term．
3．When they closed their League offices, that was a sign they cared no longer about Mr Wilson’s presence．
4．The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do．
5．Some experts, however, had a feeling it was possible．
6．Much of the value of mistakes comes from the fact they demand a cost that must be paid．
7．It has been calculated the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year．
8．A modern city has been set up in was a grass-land ten years ago．
9．The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed．
10．Evidence has been found through years of study ________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up．
11．In the opening four sentences, Du described the cycles of nature happen — the leaves come back to the trees, the flowers bloom, and the grass grows tall．
12．All the mistakes I ever made in my life were I wanted to say “No” and said “Yes”．
13．They had booked a week-long trip to Hawaii． Scott hated warm weather and asked he could just stay at his best friend’s house so that he could snowboard every day．
14．That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is many office workers spend their weekends．
15．Save your apology for you really make everything a mess．
16．I really don’t know she gets by on such a modest salary．
17．—Have you finished the book
—No． I've read up to the children discover the secret cave．
18．Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was it was rather closely modeled on his own life．
19．This painting is splendid, but we actually need it is a different matter．
20．He often thinks of he can do more for the four modernizations．
21．What I’m hoping to accomplish is my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand jazz is not black and white anymore．
22．—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays．
—That's I don't agree． You should have a more active life．
23．The homeowner called to say the parents had responded to the recordings．
24．In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is you don't speak at all．
25．I had no idea a stage manager actually did．
26．Today, people still come and go—to see the Canadian gold rush happened．
27．My mother knew where we were at all times． She knew our friends were．
28．His success in digital field proved it took to be a best CEO．
29．—Could you give me some advice on getting a job
—First, find out you like doing best．
30．The practical suggestion came from the representatives the new rule be adopted．
31．What is concerning us greatly is the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free．
32． is the most important to him is not his job, but his family．
33．It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming it takes to be a good doctor．
34．In the opening four sentences, Du described the cycles of nature happen — the leaves come back to the trees, the flowers bloom, and the grass grows tall．
35．Built over 2,200 years ago in is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today．
36．The fact she was foreign made it difficult for her to get a job in that country．
37． we succeed or fail depends on our effort and perseverance．
38． remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create．
39． has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising．
40． he got the first prize in the English Contest surprised all of us．
解析版语法填空考点归纳
目录
名词考点（单复数；所有格；变动词；变形容词；词缀） 2
名词单复数 2
名词所有格（’s s’ of）…的 4
名词变形(形容词 ；动词) 4
动词考点（谓语；非谓语；变名词；变形容词） 6
谓语考点（时态+语态） 6
非谓语考点（to do/doing/done） 11
变形考点（变名词；变形容词 ） 15
形容词副词考点（原级；比较级；最高级；形容词变副词；反义词） 17
原级：一般是动词或者名词变形容词；原级结构 17
比较级：关键词以及特殊变形 18
最高级：关键词句 19
介词考点（固定搭配；介词+doing/n；ed/adj+介词） 22
介词类别 22
连词考点（连接句子；连词含义） 25
冠词考点（a an the） 28
不定冠词a /an： 28
定冠词the 28
代词（人称代词；不定代词；指示代词） 31
人称代词；物主代词；反身代词 31
it的用法 32
定语从句（引导词；用法）——名词/代词之后的从句;从句起着修饰作用 34
定语从句引导词 34
名词性从句 44
名词性从句的分类 44
名词性从句的引导词 44
名词考点（单复数；所有格；变动词；变形容词；词缀）
名词单复数
1. 一般规则：加 -s大多数名词在变为复数时，只需要在词尾加上-s。
2.如果名词以 -s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾, 通常需要在词尾加上 -es
3. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词如果名词以辅音字母加 y 结尾，复数形式要将 y 变成 i，再加上 -es：baby → babies （婴儿）city → cities （城市）但如果 y 前是元音字母（如 a, e, i, o, u），则只需要加 -s：boy → boys （男孩）day → days （日子）
4. 以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词这类名词的复数形式比较复杂，贼的妻子从书架上拿了半片树叶和一把刀杀了一匹狼。thief wife shelf half leaf knife wolf
5. 以o结尾的单词+es 爱吃土豆芒果西红柿 hero potato mango tomato
以o结尾的单词+s zoo video photo radio
6. 不规则名词man → men （男人）woman → women （女人）child → children （孩子）foot → feet （脚）tooth → teeth （牙齿）mouse → mice （老鼠）
7. 外来词的特殊复数datum → data （数据）criterion → criteria （标准）phenomenon → phenomena （现象）
8．名词词缀
Exercise：
1： According to evaluation by the Palace Museum in Beijing, his jiyouhuang pieces are better than the Qing Dynasty 1 (original) in quality.
考查名词的数。句意：根据北京故宫博物院的评估，他制作的“鸡油黄”制品在质量上优于清朝的原作。空处为名词形式担当宾语；根据句意可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填originals。
2. This ensures that its historical and ecological significance will be preserved for 2 (generation) to come.
考查名词复数。句意：这确保了它的历史和生态意义将得以保存，供子孙后代传承。空处作for的宾语，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词generation应用复数形式。故填generations。
3. As lonely elderly 3 (individual) pet these toys, the delicate texture serves as a reminder (remind) of embracing beloved family and friends.
考查名词复数。句意：当孤独的老年人抚摸这些玩具时，细腻的质感会让他们想起拥抱心爱的家人和朋友。可数名词individual(个人，个体)作主语，结合语境和谓语动词pet可知，主语是复数名词。故填individuals。
4. European 4 (noble) loved its unique charm, calling it “white gold”.
考查名词的数。句意：欧洲的贵族们喜爱它独特的魅力，称它为“白金”。空处作主语，需用名词，noble是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填nobles。
5. Winding stone paths lead visitors past tea houses to halls, where 6 (local) practice traditional customs.
考查名词的数。句意：蜿蜒的石径将游客带过茶馆，来到大厅，当地人在这里践行传统习俗。local“当地人”是可数名词，当地人不止一个，此处应用复数形式，在where引导的定语从句中作主语。故填locals。
6. Moreover, not all students have equal access to technology, creating (create) a digital divide and affecting their various learning 6 (opportunity).
考查名词复数句意：同上。“various”（各种各样的）修饰可数名词复数，“opportunity” 的复数形式为 “opportunities”作宾语。故填 opportunities。
7. For new generation of Chinese filmmakers and audiences, the reasoning is clear: if China’s own talents can deliver high-quality adaptions of the legends, why rely on Western 7 (studio) to tell Chinese stories
考查名词复数。句意同上。studio为可数名词，泛指多个西方工作室，用复数名词作宾语。故填studios。
8. Despite immense 8 (challenge)- slippery surfaces, -25C and time limit, the teams work 24/7 in shifts.
challenges考查（可数名词复数）"immense challenges"复数形式概括多重困难（湿滑表面、极寒温度、时间限制），为后文"teams work 24/7"的协作精神作铺垫。
名词所有格（’s s’ of）…的
1. some popular car-platforms like Drivy showcase the 4 (market) potential for collaborative and waste-reducing innovations.
考查名词所有格。句意：例如，像 Drivy 这样一些受欢迎的汽车平台展示了合作和减少浪费创新的市场潜力。这里表示“市场的潜力”，用名词所有格形式，market的所有格是market’s。故填market’s。
2．It is calculated by dividing a _______2______ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（公斤）除以身高（米）的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
3. Owning a lovable, cuddly pet can unquestionably make one’s home life better and apparently, it can affect pet _____________(owner) professional lives as well.
考查名词所有格。 养一只可爱又萌萌的宠物无疑会让家庭生活更美好，而且这似乎还能影响到宠物主人的职业生涯。
名词变形(形容词 ；动词)
1. “Every week, I spent one day studying profession-related 1 (theory) knowledge.
考查名词变形容词。句意：每周，我花一天时间学习与专业相关的理论知识。此处修饰名词knowledge，应用形容词theoretical“理论的”，作定语。故填theoretical。
2. The charm of Chinese online literature is 2 (bound).
考查形容词。句意：中国网络文学的魅力是无穷的。空处考查形容词形式担当表语，意为“无穷的”，用形容词boundless。故填boundless。
3. In recent days, the Chinese movie Ne Zha 2 3 (storm) overseas cinemas, capturing global audiences with its amazing visuals, awe-inspiring storytelling, and profound cultural themes.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最近几天，中国电影《哪吒2》席卷了海外影院，以其惊人的视觉效果、令人敬畏的故事情节和深刻的文化主题吸引了全球观众。根据“In recent days”可知，此处可使用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响；也可使用现在完成进行时，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，有可能继续下去。主语the Chinese movie Ne Zha 2表示单数意义，助动词使用has。故填has stormed/ has been storming。故填has stormed/ has been storming
4. The movie’s rise reflects a shift in China’s film industry. Once dominated (dominate) by Hollywood, domestic productions across genres are now surpassing Western films, driven by growing cultural pride, enhanced storytelling, and rapid 4 (technology) advancements. This trend signals a changing global film landscape.
考查形容词。句意：同上。空处修饰名词advancements，应填形容词作定语，故填technological。
5. Chariot Pit is a 5 (magic) site comparable to the Terracotta Warriors (兵马俑), known as the largest, best preserved royal tomb and chariot-horse pit from the Chu state.
考查形容词。句意：战车坑是一个神奇的遗址，可与兵马俑相媲美，以楚国最大、保存最完好的王室陵墓和车马坑而闻名。形容词作定语，“magic”的形容词形式 “magical”表示“神奇的”。故填 magical。
6. Tanghulu’s 6 (culture) significance matches its sweetness.
考查形容词。句意：糖葫芦的文化意义与其甜度相当。修饰名词significance，需用形容词cultural，作定语。故填cultural。
7. Therefore, during 7 (joy) occasions such as weddings and childbirth, the oil-paper umbrella was an essential item.
考查形容词。句意：因此，在婚礼和生育等喜庆场合，油纸伞是必不可少的物品。此处为形容词作定语修饰occasions，joy的形容词为joyful或joyous表示“喜悦的、欢乐的”符合句意。故填joyful/joyous。
8. The snake, with its rich connotations (内涵) and simple, flexible form, is also a versatile (多功能的) image for 8 (art) creations, as the organizers received around 6,000 8 (submit) from home and abroad within a month.
考查形容词。句意：在其他文化中，我们可以看到蛇作为更新、治疗和保护的象征的更多样化的艺术创作形式。此处作定语，所以用形容词形式，表示“艺术的”。故填artistic。
考查名词的数。句意：在其他文化中，我们可以看到蛇作为更新、治疗和保护的象征的更多样化的艺术创作形式。由前文中的received around 6,000可知，这里应该用名词submission，且为复数形式，作宾语。故填submissions。
9. Since its release, Ne Zha 2 9 (top) the $2 billion mark at the global box office.
考查时态。句意：自上映以来，《哪吒2》全球票房已突破20亿美元。句中有时间状语“Since its release”，表示从过去持续到现在的动作，故用现在完成时。故填has topped。
10. If the temperature is too high, the syrup (糖浆) will be too 10 (water) to shape; if the temperature is too low, the syrup will become hard and difficult to stretch.
考查形容词。句意：如果温度太高，糖浆会太稀而无法塑形；如果温度太低，糖浆会变硬且难以拉伸。空白处需要用形容词watery (似水的)作表语表示属性，故填watery。
动词考点（谓语；非谓语；变名词；变形容词）
谓语考点（时态+语态）
一般现在时考点关键
1、表示经常发生的习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：always, usually, seldom, sometimes, every day, now and then, once a week等。
2、非谓语to do/doing做主语;谓语动词用三单。
3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。
4、书报的标题，故事的叙述，小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍，图片的说明等。
5、时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。
6、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作。注意：一般现在时可以用于定语从句或宾语从句中表示将来。
1．The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (say) it is the fifth largest creator of dangerous waste.
2．What is amazing about these earth buildings (be) the fact that some of them are over 700 years old, surviving through natural elements, including earthquakes.
3．The traffic issue not only (affect) our everyday life, but may also threaten people's lives.
4．Between rows of trees (stand) a new building, which is supposed to be our new library.
5．At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
6．I am sure you know something about Tai Chi. The fluid combination of slow, graceful movements and lightning quick strikes easily (set) Tai Chi apart from other martial arts.
1．says【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：美国环境保护署表示该塑料是危险废物的第五大制造者。宾语从句用的一般现在时，因此主句也应用一般现在时，陈述当前的情况，而且主语The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency为单数，say应用第三人称单数形式。故填says。
2．is【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这些土楼的惊人之处在于，其中一些已经有700多年的历史了，它们在包括地震在内一些自然元素中幸存下来。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是What is amazing about these earth buildings，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填is。
3．affects【详解】考查时态。句意：交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，还可能威胁到人们的生命。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。此句是在陈述一个事实，句子为一般现在时态。主语为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动需要用第三人称单数形式。故填affects。
4．stands【详解】考查倒装句。句意：在一排排树之间矗立着一座新建筑，它应该是我们的新图书馆。分析句子可知，句子为完全倒装句，句子的主语为a new building，空处应为谓语动词，由is supposed to可知，句子应用一般现在时，单数名词作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填stands。
5．lies【详解】考查动词时态。句意：山顶上有一座古老的小屋，从那里可以看到整个城市的美景。分析可知，本句为地点状语置于句首的全部倒装句，空处为主句谓语动词，根据后文has可知，此处为一般现在时。主语an old cottage是单数，主谓一致，故填lies。
6．sets【详解】考查时态。句意：我相信你一定对太极有所了解。缓慢、优雅的动作和闪电般快速的打击的流畅结合很容易使太极拳与其他武术区分开来。根据上文I am可知为一般现在时，且主语为The fluid combination，谓语用三单形式。故填sets。
一般过去时考点关键：用来表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或状态的一种时态。
a moment/three day ago 一会/三天前
at first起初
long long ago很久之前
last night/Friday/week/month/year 昨晚/上一个星期五/周/月/年
yesterday 昨天
the day before 前天
the other day .前几天
in 1999in the past.在过去）
现在完成时考点关键：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
【since】 since+时间点”、“since +/从句(从句用一般过去时)、since then
【for】 for +段时间
【recently，lately】
【so far，up to/till now】
【in/over/during the last/past +年/月/日】
【It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。】
It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次访问这座城市。
【This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. 】
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
被动语态结构（be+done）
Exercise：
1. while algorithmic personalization theoretically (theoretical) optimize knowledge retention rates, the gradual erosion of human agency in decision-making processes 1 (lead) to measurable declines in creative problem-solving capacities,
考查动词时态。虽然算法个性化在理论上能优化知识保留率，但人类在决策过程中自主性的逐渐削弱，已经导致了创造性解决问题能力的明显下降， 。此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，所以应该用现在完成时，且主语erosion是单数，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has led。
2. “Being a baker 2 (mean) getting up early every day, hands in lye (碱水), carrying a 10-kg bag of flour…” Bock told Beijing Review.
考查时态、语态、主谓一致。句意：博克在接受《北京评论》采访时表示：“作为一名面包师，意味着每天早起，双手蘸着碱水，背着10公斤重的面粉。”句子主语“Being a baker”是动名词短语作主语，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填means。
3. They 3 (assist) by the space station’s robotic arm and a team on Earth.
考查时态和语态。句意：他们得到了空间站机械臂和地球上一个团队的协助。主语 they 和 assist 之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were assisted。
4. Currently, Chinese online literature 4 (break) new ground by focusing on the global co-creation of intellectual property.
考查谓语动词。句意：目前，中国网络文学正通过聚焦全球知识产权的共同创作开辟新的领域。空处为本句谓语动词；根据“currently”可知，本句时态为现在进行时；主语为“Chinese online literature”，单数，和动词“break”之间为主动关系。故填is breaking。
5. Fanjing Mountain in Tongren, Guizhou Province 1 (praise) as an unusual destination for a thousand years.
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：梵净山位于贵州省铜仁市，千百年来被誉为一处非凡的旅游胜地。空处作句子的谓语，结合“for a thousand years”可知，过去的动作或状态持续到现在，时态应用现在完成时，praise“赞美”和主语Fanjing Mountain之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has been praised。
6. Up to now, the Plum Blossom Ancient City 6 (become) a popular tourist destination, presenting tourists with its history, culture and natural beauty.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，梅花古城已经成为一个受欢迎的旅游目的地，向游客展示其历史、文化和自然美景。根据时间状语Up to now可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，主语the Plum Blossom Ancient City是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has become。
7. Yuan Yuan, who 7 (perform) the role for over a decade, now brings forth a refreshed take on this well-loved character.
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：袁媛饰演这个角色已经十多年了，现在她对这个深受喜爱的角色有了全新的演绎。perform(饰演)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语who(即先行词Yuan Yuan)之间是主动关系，根据时间状语“for over a decade”可知，该动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，可能还会继续下去，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语是专有名词，助动词用has。故填has performed/has been performing。
8. The historical charm of Jingzhou 8 (lie) not only in the huge chariot pits (战车坑), but also in the well-preserved ancient city walls.
考查动词时态。句意：荆州的历史魅力不仅在于巨大的战车坑，还在于保存完好的古城墙。句子描述客观事实，主语“The historical charm of Jingzhou”是第三人称单数，一般现在时中主语为第三人称单数时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，“lie”变为“lies”。故填lies。
9. Jingzhou’s ancient city walls are another architectural wonder that can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn period and 9 (rebuild) during Ming and Qing dynasties.
考查动词时态和语态。句意：荆州的古城墙是另一个可以追溯到春秋时期且在明清时期被重建的建筑奇迹。根据 “during Ming and Qing dynasties” 可知时态为一般过去时，“Jingzhou’s ancient city walls”与“rebuild”是被动关系，一般过去时的被动语态结构是 “was/were + 过去分词”，“walls”是复数，所以用“were rebuilt”。故填 were rebuilt。
10. In late 2023, while searching for a remote working location, Ke 10 (encounter) a photo online of Renli village with three unused buildings, which, with minimal adaptations, could be repurpose (repurpose) for offices, accommodations and even entertainment spaces for the community.
考查动词时态。句意：2023年末，柯雨在寻找远程工作地点时，在网上看到了仁义村的一张照片，照片中有三栋闲置的建筑，略加改造，就可以重新用作社区的办公室、住宿场所，甚至是娱乐空间。空处为本句谓语动词；根据“In late 2023”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“Ke”，和动词“encounter”之间为主动关系。故填encountered。
11. The journey begins with selecting the freshest fruits. Hawthorn berries, the traditional choice, 11 (prize) for their sourness and firm texture.
考查动词时态语态。句意：山楂果，传统的制作糖葫芦的选择，因其酸味和坚实的质地而受到珍视。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，句子主语Hawthorn berries与prize之间是被动关系，即山楂浆果被珍视，且主语是复数，所以用一般现在时的被动语态are prized。故填are prized。
12. In the Yuan Dynasty, Persian merchants brought special pigments (颜料) to Jingdezhen, where porcelain traditions 12 (perfect) Local crafts men mixed these pigments with white clay, creating the iconic blue patterns.
考查动词时态和语态。句意：在元朝，波斯商人将特殊的颜料带到了景德镇，在那里制瓷工艺得到了完善，创造出标志性的蓝色图案。porcelain traditions与perfect之间是被动关系，即制瓷传统被完善，再根据时间状语“In the Yuan Dynasty”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were +过去分词”，porcelain traditions是复数，所以用were perfected。故填were perfected。
13. A Ming-era dish that once belonged to a French King 13 (sit) in the Louvre.
考查动词时态。句意：一件曾属于一位法国国王的明代瓷盘现藏于卢浮宫。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为A Ming-era dish，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填sits。
14. When the young man 14 (transform) into a three-legged chair by a cat, the girl sets about a journey to help him recover his body and to prevent future disasters.
考查动词时态和语态。句意：当年轻人被猫变成三条腿的椅子时，女孩开始了一段旅程，以帮助他恢复身体并防止未来的灾难。此处为谓语动词，根据句意以及主句的谓语动词sets about可知，此处使用一般现在时，the young man 和 transform之间为动宾关系，所以此处使用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数。故填is transformed。
15. The exhibition 2 (feature) various works, including paintings, cartoons, illustrations, engravings and digital art created by art students and established (establish) artists like Dai Dunbang and Zheng Xinyao, as well as artists who have many social media followers.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：展览展出了各种作品，包括艺术学生和戴敦邦、郑心耀等知名艺术家创作的绘画、漫画、插图、版画和数字艺术，以及拥有许多社交媒体粉丝的艺术家。根据上一句的“is represented”可知，此处动词为一般现在时，且主语exhibition为单数概念，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填features。
非谓语考点（to do/doing/done）
时间 主被动 特殊考点
to do 将要发生 主动 目的状语；主语
doing 正在发生/持续 主动 结果状语；伴随状语；主语；后置定语
done 已经完成 被动 后置定语
Exercise：
1. To become a qualified professional baker in Germany, one must undergo occupational education and training, wi