UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT高考真题练（含解析）

高考真题练
阅读理解
A
(2023全国乙,A)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry(c. 1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian(1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships(学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.　　B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.　　D.Being banned from medicine.
2.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book.　　B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.　　D.She had formal education.
3.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.　　B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.　　D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
高考词汇站
派生/合成词汇
1.law n.法律→lawful adj.合法的,法定的→　　　　 adv.违法地
2.able adj.有能力的→　　　　 n.能力
3.medicine n.医学;药物→　　　　 adj.医学的
4.overseas adv. 　　　
B
(2021浙江,A)
Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life—his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career(职业) in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted, Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until 1980—32 years into his career—that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane!. That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel content in his career Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. He never stopped working, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.
4.Why did Nielsen want to be an actor
A.He enjoyed watching movies.　　
B.He was eager to earn money.
C.He wanted to be like his uncle.　　
D.He felt he was good at acting.
5.What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career
A.He directed some high quality movies.　　
B.He avoided taking on new challenges.
C.He focused on playing dramatic roles.　　
D.He became a successful comedy actor.
6.What does Nielsen's career story tell us
A.Art is long, life is short.　　
B.He who laughs last laughs longest.
C.It's never too late to learn.　　
D.Where there's a will there's a way.
高考词汇站
派生/合成词汇
1.admire v.钦佩,赞赏→　　　　 n.赞赏
2.distinguish v.区分;使受尊重→　　　　 adj.卓越的;受人尊敬的
3.present adj.目前的;存在的→　　　　 n.出现;存在
4.finance n.财政;金融→　　　　 adj.财政的;金融的
5.devote v.致力;献身→　　　　n.专心;忠诚;热爱
6.full-time adj.　　　
7.uphill adj.　　　
熟词生义
8.land v.　　　
9.looks n.　　　
答案与分层梯度式解析
高考真题练
A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在医学界做出贡献的女性。
1.C　根据介绍Jacqueline的内容“she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”可知,她搬到了巴黎,在那里,她成为一名医师并进行外科手术。根据介绍James的内容“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813.”以及后文“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.”可知,她于1813年获得外科医生的资格,并在1859年退休,一直女扮男装,从事医学工作。所以选C项。
2.A　根据介绍Tan Yunxian的内容“In 1511, Tan wrote a book”可知,在1511年她写了一本书,相比之下,其他医师都没有提及著作。所以选A项。
3.D　根据介绍Rebecca的内容“she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree”可知,她是第一位获得医学学位的非洲裔美国女性。所以选D项。
【高考词汇站】　1.unlawfully　2.ability　3.medical
4.在国外;在海外
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了莱斯利·尼尔森的演艺生涯,他追逐梦想,不懈努力,一生取得了卓越的成就。
4.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“... he had one particular shining star in his life—his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting.”可知他叔叔是个非常有名的演员,别人对叔叔的钦佩和尊敬激励他走上演艺道路。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中最后一句话中的“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success”可知喜剧电影Airplane!使他进入职业生涯的后半阶段,在他职业生涯的后半阶段中,仅他自己的喜剧表演就可以使一部电影获得财务上的成功。
6.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward”、第三段最后一句“He never stopped working, never retired.”以及最后一段中“He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.”可知由于他的努力和为目标持之以恒奋斗的精神,他取得了巨大的成功,D选项“有志者,事竟成”与之匹配。
【高考词汇站】　1.admiration　2.distinguished
3.presence　4.financial　5.devotion　6.全职的　7.艰难的;费力的　8.成功得到　9.相貌