UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND单元复习课件-2026版人教版选择性必修第一册
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| 名称 | UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND单元复习课件-2026版人教版选择性必修第一册 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 404.7KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-07-07 18:12:22 | ||
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(共52张PPT)
高频词汇精讲
词汇 1 devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
高频词汇 情景破
Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom
he had devoted his life.确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的
中国农民的身躯一样。 (教材P50)
情景导学
It is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean.是我们致力于保护海洋的时候
了。（写作·海洋保护 ）
My English teacher is a nice person, who devotes all her energy to improving her teaching skills.
我的英语老师是一个很好的人,她把全部精力用于提升自己的教学技能。（写作·人物介绍 ）
用法归纳
①devote oneself to ( ) sth.献身于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
②devote one's life/time/energy/money to (doing)sth.把某人的生命/时间/精力/金钱用于(做)某事上
词汇拓展
①devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的;全心全意的
be devoted to...深爱……;对……忠诚
Throughout the whole of their marriage life, he was devoted to her.在整个婚姻生活中,他都深
爱着她。
②devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱;关爱
one's devotion to...某人对……的关爱/奉献
His devotion to work left him with little free time.他全身心投入工作,几乎没有空闲时间。
doing
However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes
even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而,最让他担忧的是农民经常歉收,有时甚至出现
严重的食物短缺。 (教材P50)
情景导学
There is a shortage of teachers in Western China, and I think it will fall on our post-80s and post-
90s generations to take on this responsibility.中国西部地区师资短缺,我认为承担这一责任将
落在我们80后和90后身上。
There being no shortage of gamers, China’s e-sports industry desperately needs people to fill posi-
tions such as management, coaches and rebroadcasters.中国的电子竞技产业并不缺乏电脑游戏
玩家,因此迫切需要人来充任管理人员、教练和转播员等岗位。 (Global Times)
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.在
树木缺水最严重的地区,大树的损失最大。 (2019浙江)
词汇 2 shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
用法归纳
①a shortage ...缺乏……
②there be shortage of...不缺少……;……很充裕
③(a/an) food/water/labor/energy shortage 食物/用水/劳动力/能源短缺
of
no
词汇拓展
①be short of water缺水
②be short for...是……的简称
On the website Word Spy, fappy which is short for fat and happy, is defined as overweight and
happy with one's life.在Word Spy网站上,fappy是肥胖和快乐的简称,被定义为超重和对自己
的生活感到快乐。
③for short简称;缩写
Maximilian is called Max for short. Maximilian被简称为Max。
④in short总之;简而言之
⑤shortly adv.立刻;不久
Shortly after we were seated, a waiter came over to our table with a smile.我们就座后不久,一位服务员微笑着走到我们的桌子旁。 （读后续写·动作、神态描写 ）
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.袁(隆平)
坚信答案能够在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 (教材P50)
情景导学
You'll need to convince them of your ability to do the job.你要使他们相信你有做这份工作的能
力。 （写作·建议信）
He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green...他说要让人们相信海狸鼠的毛
皮是环保的并不容易…… (2020全国Ⅱ)
He convinced the police department to allow him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two
of their local parks.他说服警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。
(2020天津)
词汇 3 convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
用法归纳
①convince sb. sth.说服某人去做某事
②convince sb. sth.使某人确信某事
③convince sb. that...使某人确信……(被动形式为sb. be convinced that...)
to do
of
词汇拓展
①convincing adj.有说服力的;令人信服的
But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe
his theory.然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力,越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
②convinced adj.深信的;确信的
be convinced of sth.确信/深信/坚信某事
be convinced that...确信/深信/坚信……
I‘m firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm
and harmonious society.我坚信诚实的重要性,它将有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
（读后续写·主旨升华）
The common assumption then was that it could not be done.当时人们普遍认为这是不可能
做到的。 (教材P50)
情景导学
The company made some assumptions about the potential market.公司对潜在市场做了一些假设。
We make an assumption that everyone invited will turn up at the party and is making prepara-
tions.我们假定所有被邀请的人都将会出席聚会,并且正在做准备。
On the assumption that I am chosen to be chairman of the student union,I will organize more col-
orful after-class activities to enrich our school life.假如我被选为学生会主席,我将组织更多丰
富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。（写作·演讲稿 ）
词汇 4 assumption n.假定,设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
用法归纳
① the assumption that...假定……
②make assumptions/an assumption ( ...)(关于……)做出假设
③make assumptions/an assumption ...假设……
on
about
that
词汇拓展
①assume v.假定;认为;承担(责任);取得(权力);呈现(样子);显露(特征)
It's (generally) assumed that...人们(普遍)认为……
assume...to be...认为……是……
Many people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what ex-
actly are its health benefits 许多人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效,但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢
It's (generally) assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh us but also it can
strengthen our memory.人们(普遍)认为,喝中国茶不仅可以提神,还可以增强我们的记忆力。
（写作·传统茶文化）
②assuming (that) conj.假如;假设……为真
Assuming (that) he's still alive, how old would he be now 假定他还活着,现在有多大年纪了
This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.这种杂交水稻使农民能够大大
增加产量。 (教材P50)
情景导学
Let me expand on my idea.让我来进一步阐述一下我的观点。
As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more,
they're increasingly being sighted by humans.随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个世纪或更长时
间以来从未出现过的地方,人类正在越来越多地看到它们。 (2023全国甲)
词汇 5 expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)
用法归纳
①expand 详述,详细阐明
②expand(...) ...(把……)扩大/扩展/发展到……
③expand the business扩展业务
④expand one's horizons 开阔某人的眼界
词汇拓展
①expansion n.扩张;扩展;扩大
Chengdu has focused on improving the surrounding countryside, rather than encouraging large-
scale city expansion.成都一直致力于改善周边农村,而不是鼓励大规模的城市扩张。
(Global Times)
②expansive adj.广阔的;扩张性的
on
into
易混辨析
expand “扩展,扩大;膨胀”,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大,侧重向四周扩展
extend “伸出,延伸”,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度、宽度的向外延伸,侧重向两端或一端延伸;也可指时间的延长
spread “传播;蔓延;铺开”,一般指向四面八方扩大范围,如传播疾病、散布信息等
stretch “拉长,拽宽,撑大;拉紧”,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展,不是加长
情景助记
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is com-
prised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约
60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物…… (教材P50)
情景导学
Doing housework on weekends is estimated to cost him half of the day.周末做家务估计要花费
他半天的时间。
It is estimated that the number of tourists who travel abroad has doubled in the past decade.据估
计,在过去十年中,出国旅游的游客人数翻了一番。
Police estimated the damage at $30 million.警方估计损失有三千万美元。
词汇 6 estimate vt.& n.估计;估价;估算
用法归纳
①estimate sth. sth.估计……(人数/钱数等)为……
②be estimated to cost/be worth+钱数 估计要花费多少钱/值多少钱
③ is estimated that...据估计……
④an estimate of...对……的估算
⑤an accurate estimate准确的估计
⑥a rough estimate粗略的估计
at
It
词汇拓展
①estimation n.判断;评价;看法;(对水平、数量等的)估计
in one's estimation根据某人的判断/看法
Who is the best candidate in your estimation 你认为谁是最合适的人选
②overestimate vt.高估n.过高的评估
underestimate vt.低估;轻视
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is com-
prised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约
60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物…… (教材P50)
情景导学
The team which comprises/is comprised of doctors and nurses was immediately sent to the disas-
ter area.由医生和护士组成的团队被立刻派往灾区。
词汇 7 comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成
用法归纳
comprise和be comprised 都表示“由……组成”。
词汇拓展
表示“由……组成”的短语还有consist of、be made up of、be composed of。
of
They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential
minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.它们外表可能看起来很美,但里面的水通常比
必需的矿物质多,味道也往往不那么鲜美。 (教材P55)
情景导学
Generally speaking, students' inner motivation and high expectations from others are essential to/
for their development.一般来说,学生的内在动力和来自他人的高期望对他们的发展至关重要。
It is essential to enlarge your vocabulary to overcome your reading difficulties.为了克服你的阅
读困难,扩大你的词汇量是极其重要的。(写作·学习建议)
It is essential that students (should)not be limited to their classroom but apply their knowledge to social life.至关重要的是,学生不要局限于课堂,而是将知识应用到社会生活中。
词汇 8 essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
用法归纳
①be essential ...对……至关重要/必不可少
②It is essential ...做……是极其重要的。
③It is essential that sb. ( ) do sth.某人做某事是至关重要的。(that从句需用虚拟语气)
词汇拓展
essentially adv.基本上;本质上;根本上
This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “nov-
elty generator”.这是一种让系统创造本质上无尽复杂的能力,是一种“新奇发生器”。 (2
023北京)
to/for
to do
should
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming...作为一种替代选择,一些农
民已经转向有机农业…… (教材P55)
情景导学
We have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it.我们别无选择,只能勇敢地直
面失败并从中吸取教训。(读后续写·主旨升华)
It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks.它有助于提供含糖饮料的健康替代品。
(2022北京)
词汇 9 alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
用法归纳
①have no alternative to do sth.除了做某事别无选择;只好去做某事
②an alternative/alternatives sth.某物的替代品
but
to
词汇拓展
alternatively adv.(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不,或者
I could go to your house, or alternatively, we could meet in the park.我可以去你家,或者我们
可以在公园里见面。
Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.有机
耕作的农民还种植多种农作物,利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。 (教材P56)
情景导学
Water was found at a depth of 30 metres. 在30米深处找到了水。
Snow fell to a depth of three feet.雪下三英尺深。
Perhaps the Internet has taken us from knowing a few things in depth to knowing very little about
a lot!也许互联网已经把我们从对少数事情的深入了解变成了对很多事情的知之甚少!
The twins are in the depths of despair, and they look around in disappointment.这对双胞胎陷入
了绝望的深渊,他们失望地环顾四周。 读后续写·动作、心理描写
词汇10 depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度);最深处
用法归纳
① a depth of在……的深度
② a depth of到达……的深度
③ depth 全面;深入;详细地
④in the of...在……的最深处
⑤be out of one's depth在水深没顶(或够不着底)的地方;非某人所能理解;为某人力所不及
词汇拓展
①deep adv.深深地;在深处;至深处 adj.深的;厚的;有……深的
②deeply adv.很;非常;极其;强烈地,深沉地
breathe deeply深呼吸
③deepen v.(使)变深;(使情感、感觉等)加强;(使)变糟
at
to
in
depths
For example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, but many other vegetables put down deep
roots.例如,花生长在土壤表层,但是许多其他蔬菜则扎根在(土地)深处。 (教材P56)
情景导学
Rock has its roots in the blues.摇滚乐起源于蓝调音乐。
We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.我们需要先找到问题的根源,
然后才能解决它。
The thought took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
早在人们意识到语言的多样性之前,欧洲就有这种根深蒂固的思想了。
Embarrassment rooted her to the spot.她尴尬得呆住了。(读后续写·动作描写 )
词汇11 root n.根;根茎;根部;根源;起因;起源 v.(使)生根
用法归纳
①the root ... ……的根源
②have sth.'s roots ... 某物起源于……
③ root植根;深入人心;生根
④put down roots生根;定居
⑤root sb. to the spot使某人呆住不动
词汇拓展
rooted adj.根源于……的;稳固的
be rooted in...根源在于……
Many character problems are rooted in childhood experiences.很多性格问题的根源在于童年
的经历。
of
in
take
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法& 拓展
crisis (pl. crises) n.危机;危急关头 a financial/an economic/an energy crisis金融/经济/能源
危机
boost vt.使增长;使兴旺 n.提高;增长;激励 boost one's confidence增强某人的信心
boost profits增加利润
characteristic n.特征,特点;品质 adj.典型的;独特的 be characteristic of sb./sth.某人/某物特有的
character n.文字,符号;角色;特色;特点
attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得,得到;
实现;达到(某年龄、水平、状况) attain one's goal达到目标
attainable adj.可达到的;可获得的
unattainable adj.难以达到的
attainment n.达到;获得;成就
intense adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈
的 intense cold/heat/pain严寒/酷热/剧痛
intensely adv.非常;强烈地
overcome (overcame, overcome) vt.克服; 解决; 战胜;对……产
生极大影响(生义) overcome the enemy/difficul-ties战胜敌人/克服困难
be overcome with grief悲痛欲绝
consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费 energy/electricity/food con-sumption能源/电力/食物消耗
consume vt.消耗;消费;吃,喝;毁灭
generate vt.产生;引起 generate electricity发电
generator n.发电机;发生器
vision n.想象;视力;视野;影像;远见 He lost his sight but found a vision.他失去了视力,但找到了远见。(2020江苏)
reality n.现实;实际情况;事实 in reality事实上; 实际上
real adj.真的;真实的 adv.非常(生义)
a real nice/good person一个非常好的人
nutrition n.营养;滋养 nutritional adj.营养(物)的
nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的
in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流 I post my work on social me-dia and,in turn, have met some of the kindest people.我把我的作品发布在社交媒体上,我相应地遇到了一些最善良的人。(2023新课标Ⅱ)
digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘 digest food消化食物
digest information领会信息
a news digest新闻摘要
for instance 例如;比如 for example
aspect n.方面;层面 from every aspect从各个方面
Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a
life of leisure.考虑到袁隆平(研发)的杂交水稻让他变得相当富有,有人可能认为他会退休去
过悠闲的生活。 (教材P51)
情景导学
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival,the Lantern Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you.鉴于你对中国的传统节日——元宵节非常感兴趣,我写信向你介绍这一节日。 （写作·传统文化 ）
经典结构 情景破
结构 given that...考虑到/鉴于……
用法归纳
given that意为“考虑到/鉴于……”,在句中用作连词,引导从句(注意given后的that不能
省略)。
结构拓展
①given prep.考虑到;鉴于
Given the present conditions, I think she's done rather well.考虑到目前的情况,我认为她已经
做得相当不错了。
②considering (that)...考虑到……;鉴于……
She's very active, considering her age.就她的年龄来说,她是十分活跃的。
Considering (that)he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.鉴于他才刚刚开始,他懂
得的已经不少了。
Sentence 1
长难句 图解
译文 确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万中国农民的身躯
一样。
body
Sentence 2
译文 然而,最让他担忧的是农民经常歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
主语
主语
Sentence 3
译文 据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,
他的(水稻)品种使中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
形式主语
Sentence 4
译文 即使在他的晚年,袁隆平的内心依然年轻并且充满愿景,每个人都很兴奋,想看看接
下来他会想出来什么。
宾语
Sentence 5
译文 因此,要找到一个合适的解决方案,使餐桌上有足够的食物,同时保持人们和环境尽可能健康仍然有很长的路要走。
定语
主语从句
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的作用相当于名词词组,在复合句中
充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。
一、主语从句的引导词
主语从句的引导词有三类,即从属连词(that,whether,if)、连接代词(what,who,whom,whose,
which,whatever,whoever,whichever)和连接副词(when,where,how,why)。
1.从属连词
(1)that引导的主语从句
必备语法 情景破
情景导学
That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着,真是奇迹。
That he said nothing at the meeting made me puzzled.他在会上一言不发使我迷惑不解。
用法归纳
that引导主语从句时无实际词义,且在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用, 但① 省略。
(2)whether/if引导的主语从句
情景导学
Whether we can arrive there on time depends on the traffic.我们能否按时到达那里要由交通状
况决定。
It is uncertain whether/if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.明天他是否去北京还不确定。
不能
用法归纳
whether和if引导主语从句时表示“② ”, 只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当成分。
特别提醒
if不可以引导位于句首的主语从句,若用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置,则可以用if 引导;
whether可与or not直接连用,if不可以。
2.连接代词
(1)what引导的主语从句
情景导学
What color the door will be painted has not been decided yet.门被漆成什么颜色还没有决定。
What the situation will be puzzles me.情况会怎样令我困惑。
What caused the leak remains unanswered.导致泄漏的原因仍未得到解答。
What he said was brief but significant.他的讲话虽然简短但是意义重大。
是否
用法归纳
what引导主语从句时起连接作用,在其引导的从句中充当定语、表语、③ 和
④ , 表示“……的事物”。
(2)who, whom, whose, which引导的主语从句
情景导学
It is still uncertain who will come/which he will choose/whom he went with/whose book it is.还
不确定谁会来/他会选择哪一个/他和谁一起去的/这是谁的书。
宾语
主语
用法归纳
who, whom, whose, which引导主语从句时在从句中充当一定的句子成分,表示一定的词
汇意义,含有疑问意味,一般在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(3)whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句
情景导学
Whoever says that is a liar.=Anyone who says that is a liar.任何说那话的人都是骗子。
Whatever he does from now on has nothing to do with me. =Anything that he does from now on
has nothing to do with me.从现在起他做的任何事都与我无关。
用法归纳
1)引导主语从句时whoever相当于“⑤ +who”或the person/people who, 意为“任
何……的人”。
2)引导主语从句时whatever相当于“anything+that”, 意为“任何……的事”。what与what-
ever有时可互换,二者区别是whatever语气更强烈。
3)whichever用来表示选择,通常前文会提供选择范围。
3.连接副词
情景导学
Why they didn't come remained unclear.他们为什么不来一直不清楚。
When he will arrive doesn't matter.他什么时候到无关紧要。
How it was done is a mystery.这是怎样做的是一个谜。
Where I spend my summer holiday is none of your business.我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
anyone
用法归纳
连接副词引导主语从句时,保留了其疑问词的意思,即why, when, how, where分别意为
“为什么”“什么时候”“怎样”“在哪里”,在从句中作⑥ 。
二、注意事项
情景导学
What he has accomplished is admirable.他的成就令人钦佩。
What we badly need are doctors.我们急需的是医生。
Whoever made this cake is a real artist.制作了这个蛋糕的人是一位真正的艺术大师。
That she was chosen caused a tremendous stir in her village.她被挑选上在她的村子里引起很大
轰动。
状语
用法归纳
1)当主语是从句时,谓语动词通常用⑦ 数;what引导的主语从句有时意义上表示复数,
这时谓语动词用⑧ 数。
2)主语从句的语序必须是⑨ 句语序。
三、使用形式主语 it的情况
情景导学1
It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.明天很可能会有一场暴风雪。
It is no wonder that he has achieved so much.他取得如此大的成就不足为奇。
It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道,在那场事故中没有乘客受
伤。
单
复
陈述
用法归纳1
为避免头重脚轻,可以用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语即主语从句移到后面,构成以下
句式:
1)It+be+形容词+that从句.(It be necessary/clear/true/strange/important/possible/likely/...+that从
句.)
2)It+be+⑩ +that从句.(It+be+a fact/a good idea/a pity/a shame/no wonder/often the case
/...+that从句.)
3)It+be+过去分词+that从句.(It+be+reported/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/suggested/...
+that从句.)
4)It+特殊动词+that从句.(It+doesn't matter/makes no difference/...+that从句.)
名词短语
特别提醒
“It+be+形容词/过去分词+that...”句型中,当形容词是important、necessary、strange等时, 主
语从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略;当过去分词是表示
建议、命令、要求等的词(如advised、suggested、ordered、required、demanded等)时,主语
从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。
情景导学2
It is uncertain when he came back. 说不准他是何时回来的。
It was clear that my father already had a plan.很明显我父亲已经有了计划。
It is not clear what they want us to do. 我们不清楚他们想要我们做什么。
It remained unclear when the market would recover fully.仍不清楚市场何时会完全复苏。
用法归纳2
当主句表示“……是不确定/不清楚的”时,主语从句常用when、why、where、what、
which、who、whose、how等引导词来引导;当主句表示“……是确定无疑的”时,主语从句
常用 来引导。
that
即时巩固讲
单句语法填空
1. (2022浙江)It suddenly became very clear to me lucky I was to be fluent in two
languages.
2.(2021全国甲)It's said history is written by the victors, and those victors set the
standards for admission to the genius club.
3.(2021新高考Ⅰ) is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world
scenes.
4. she could come to help us made us very happy.
5. started as a traditional Chinese treatment has become a major health trend today.
6. is known to us all that the old scientist, for whom life was hard in the past, still
how
that
What
That
What
It
works hard in his eighties.
7. you'll gain knowledge successfully or not depends on how hard you will work.
8. they will come hasn't been made public—probably tomorrow.
Whether
When
高频词汇精讲
词汇 1 devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
高频词汇 情景破
Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom
he had devoted his life.确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的
中国农民的身躯一样。 (教材P50)
情景导学
It is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean.是我们致力于保护海洋的时候
了。（写作·海洋保护 ）
My English teacher is a nice person, who devotes all her energy to improving her teaching skills.
我的英语老师是一个很好的人,她把全部精力用于提升自己的教学技能。（写作·人物介绍 ）
用法归纳
①devote oneself to ( ) sth.献身于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
②devote one's life/time/energy/money to (doing)sth.把某人的生命/时间/精力/金钱用于(做)某事上
词汇拓展
①devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的;全心全意的
be devoted to...深爱……;对……忠诚
Throughout the whole of their marriage life, he was devoted to her.在整个婚姻生活中,他都深
爱着她。
②devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱;关爱
one's devotion to...某人对……的关爱/奉献
His devotion to work left him with little free time.他全身心投入工作,几乎没有空闲时间。
doing
However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes
even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而,最让他担忧的是农民经常歉收,有时甚至出现
严重的食物短缺。 (教材P50)
情景导学
There is a shortage of teachers in Western China, and I think it will fall on our post-80s and post-
90s generations to take on this responsibility.中国西部地区师资短缺,我认为承担这一责任将
落在我们80后和90后身上。
There being no shortage of gamers, China’s e-sports industry desperately needs people to fill posi-
tions such as management, coaches and rebroadcasters.中国的电子竞技产业并不缺乏电脑游戏
玩家,因此迫切需要人来充任管理人员、教练和转播员等岗位。 (Global Times)
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.在
树木缺水最严重的地区,大树的损失最大。 (2019浙江)
词汇 2 shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
用法归纳
①a shortage ...缺乏……
②there be shortage of...不缺少……;……很充裕
③(a/an) food/water/labor/energy shortage 食物/用水/劳动力/能源短缺
of
no
词汇拓展
①be short of water缺水
②be short for...是……的简称
On the website Word Spy, fappy which is short for fat and happy, is defined as overweight and
happy with one's life.在Word Spy网站上,fappy是肥胖和快乐的简称,被定义为超重和对自己
的生活感到快乐。
③for short简称;缩写
Maximilian is called Max for short. Maximilian被简称为Max。
④in short总之;简而言之
⑤shortly adv.立刻;不久
Shortly after we were seated, a waiter came over to our table with a smile.我们就座后不久,一位服务员微笑着走到我们的桌子旁。 （读后续写·动作、神态描写 ）
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.袁(隆平)
坚信答案能够在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 (教材P50)
情景导学
You'll need to convince them of your ability to do the job.你要使他们相信你有做这份工作的能
力。 （写作·建议信）
He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green...他说要让人们相信海狸鼠的毛
皮是环保的并不容易…… (2020全国Ⅱ)
He convinced the police department to allow him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two
of their local parks.他说服警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。
(2020天津)
词汇 3 convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
用法归纳
①convince sb. sth.说服某人去做某事
②convince sb. sth.使某人确信某事
③convince sb. that...使某人确信……(被动形式为sb. be convinced that...)
to do
of
词汇拓展
①convincing adj.有说服力的;令人信服的
But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe
his theory.然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力,越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
②convinced adj.深信的;确信的
be convinced of sth.确信/深信/坚信某事
be convinced that...确信/深信/坚信……
I‘m firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm
and harmonious society.我坚信诚实的重要性,它将有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
（读后续写·主旨升华）
The common assumption then was that it could not be done.当时人们普遍认为这是不可能
做到的。 (教材P50)
情景导学
The company made some assumptions about the potential market.公司对潜在市场做了一些假设。
We make an assumption that everyone invited will turn up at the party and is making prepara-
tions.我们假定所有被邀请的人都将会出席聚会,并且正在做准备。
On the assumption that I am chosen to be chairman of the student union,I will organize more col-
orful after-class activities to enrich our school life.假如我被选为学生会主席,我将组织更多丰
富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。（写作·演讲稿 ）
词汇 4 assumption n.假定,设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
用法归纳
① the assumption that...假定……
②make assumptions/an assumption ( ...)(关于……)做出假设
③make assumptions/an assumption ...假设……
on
about
that
词汇拓展
①assume v.假定;认为;承担(责任);取得(权力);呈现(样子);显露(特征)
It's (generally) assumed that...人们(普遍)认为……
assume...to be...认为……是……
Many people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what ex-
actly are its health benefits 许多人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效,但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢
It's (generally) assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh us but also it can
strengthen our memory.人们(普遍)认为,喝中国茶不仅可以提神,还可以增强我们的记忆力。
（写作·传统茶文化）
②assuming (that) conj.假如;假设……为真
Assuming (that) he's still alive, how old would he be now 假定他还活着,现在有多大年纪了
This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.这种杂交水稻使农民能够大大
增加产量。 (教材P50)
情景导学
Let me expand on my idea.让我来进一步阐述一下我的观点。
As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more,
they're increasingly being sighted by humans.随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个世纪或更长时
间以来从未出现过的地方,人类正在越来越多地看到它们。 (2023全国甲)
词汇 5 expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)
用法归纳
①expand 详述,详细阐明
②expand(...) ...(把……)扩大/扩展/发展到……
③expand the business扩展业务
④expand one's horizons 开阔某人的眼界
词汇拓展
①expansion n.扩张;扩展;扩大
Chengdu has focused on improving the surrounding countryside, rather than encouraging large-
scale city expansion.成都一直致力于改善周边农村,而不是鼓励大规模的城市扩张。
(Global Times)
②expansive adj.广阔的;扩张性的
on
into
易混辨析
expand “扩展,扩大;膨胀”,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大,侧重向四周扩展
extend “伸出,延伸”,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度、宽度的向外延伸,侧重向两端或一端延伸;也可指时间的延长
spread “传播;蔓延;铺开”,一般指向四面八方扩大范围,如传播疾病、散布信息等
stretch “拉长,拽宽,撑大;拉紧”,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展,不是加长
情景助记
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is com-
prised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约
60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物…… (教材P50)
情景导学
Doing housework on weekends is estimated to cost him half of the day.周末做家务估计要花费
他半天的时间。
It is estimated that the number of tourists who travel abroad has doubled in the past decade.据估
计,在过去十年中,出国旅游的游客人数翻了一番。
Police estimated the damage at $30 million.警方估计损失有三千万美元。
词汇 6 estimate vt.& n.估计;估价;估算
用法归纳
①estimate sth. sth.估计……(人数/钱数等)为……
②be estimated to cost/be worth+钱数 估计要花费多少钱/值多少钱
③ is estimated that...据估计……
④an estimate of...对……的估算
⑤an accurate estimate准确的估计
⑥a rough estimate粗略的估计
at
It
词汇拓展
①estimation n.判断;评价;看法;(对水平、数量等的)估计
in one's estimation根据某人的判断/看法
Who is the best candidate in your estimation 你认为谁是最合适的人选
②overestimate vt.高估n.过高的评估
underestimate vt.低估;轻视
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is com-
prised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约
60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物…… (教材P50)
情景导学
The team which comprises/is comprised of doctors and nurses was immediately sent to the disas-
ter area.由医生和护士组成的团队被立刻派往灾区。
词汇 7 comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成
用法归纳
comprise和be comprised 都表示“由……组成”。
词汇拓展
表示“由……组成”的短语还有consist of、be made up of、be composed of。
of
They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential
minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.它们外表可能看起来很美,但里面的水通常比
必需的矿物质多,味道也往往不那么鲜美。 (教材P55)
情景导学
Generally speaking, students' inner motivation and high expectations from others are essential to/
for their development.一般来说,学生的内在动力和来自他人的高期望对他们的发展至关重要。
It is essential to enlarge your vocabulary to overcome your reading difficulties.为了克服你的阅
读困难,扩大你的词汇量是极其重要的。(写作·学习建议)
It is essential that students (should)not be limited to their classroom but apply their knowledge to social life.至关重要的是,学生不要局限于课堂,而是将知识应用到社会生活中。
词汇 8 essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
用法归纳
①be essential ...对……至关重要/必不可少
②It is essential ...做……是极其重要的。
③It is essential that sb. ( ) do sth.某人做某事是至关重要的。(that从句需用虚拟语气)
词汇拓展
essentially adv.基本上;本质上;根本上
This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “nov-
elty generator”.这是一种让系统创造本质上无尽复杂的能力,是一种“新奇发生器”。 (2
023北京)
to/for
to do
should
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming...作为一种替代选择,一些农
民已经转向有机农业…… (教材P55)
情景导学
We have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it.我们别无选择,只能勇敢地直
面失败并从中吸取教训。(读后续写·主旨升华)
It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks.它有助于提供含糖饮料的健康替代品。
(2022北京)
词汇 9 alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
用法归纳
①have no alternative to do sth.除了做某事别无选择;只好去做某事
②an alternative/alternatives sth.某物的替代品
but
to
词汇拓展
alternatively adv.(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不,或者
I could go to your house, or alternatively, we could meet in the park.我可以去你家,或者我们
可以在公园里见面。
Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.有机
耕作的农民还种植多种农作物,利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。 (教材P56)
情景导学
Water was found at a depth of 30 metres. 在30米深处找到了水。
Snow fell to a depth of three feet.雪下三英尺深。
Perhaps the Internet has taken us from knowing a few things in depth to knowing very little about
a lot!也许互联网已经把我们从对少数事情的深入了解变成了对很多事情的知之甚少!
The twins are in the depths of despair, and they look around in disappointment.这对双胞胎陷入
了绝望的深渊,他们失望地环顾四周。 读后续写·动作、心理描写
词汇10 depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度);最深处
用法归纳
① a depth of在……的深度
② a depth of到达……的深度
③ depth 全面;深入;详细地
④in the of...在……的最深处
⑤be out of one's depth在水深没顶(或够不着底)的地方;非某人所能理解;为某人力所不及
词汇拓展
①deep adv.深深地;在深处;至深处 adj.深的;厚的;有……深的
②deeply adv.很;非常;极其;强烈地,深沉地
breathe deeply深呼吸
③deepen v.(使)变深;(使情感、感觉等)加强;(使)变糟
at
to
in
depths
For example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, but many other vegetables put down deep
roots.例如,花生长在土壤表层,但是许多其他蔬菜则扎根在(土地)深处。 (教材P56)
情景导学
Rock has its roots in the blues.摇滚乐起源于蓝调音乐。
We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.我们需要先找到问题的根源,
然后才能解决它。
The thought took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
早在人们意识到语言的多样性之前,欧洲就有这种根深蒂固的思想了。
Embarrassment rooted her to the spot.她尴尬得呆住了。(读后续写·动作描写 )
词汇11 root n.根;根茎;根部;根源;起因;起源 v.(使)生根
用法归纳
①the root ... ……的根源
②have sth.'s roots ... 某物起源于……
③ root植根;深入人心;生根
④put down roots生根;定居
⑤root sb. to the spot使某人呆住不动
词汇拓展
rooted adj.根源于……的;稳固的
be rooted in...根源在于……
Many character problems are rooted in childhood experiences.很多性格问题的根源在于童年
的经历。
of
in
take
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法& 拓展
crisis (pl. crises) n.危机;危急关头 a financial/an economic/an energy crisis金融/经济/能源
危机
boost vt.使增长;使兴旺 n.提高;增长;激励 boost one's confidence增强某人的信心
boost profits增加利润
characteristic n.特征,特点;品质 adj.典型的;独特的 be characteristic of sb./sth.某人/某物特有的
character n.文字,符号;角色;特色;特点
attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得,得到;
实现;达到(某年龄、水平、状况) attain one's goal达到目标
attainable adj.可达到的;可获得的
unattainable adj.难以达到的
attainment n.达到;获得;成就
intense adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈
的 intense cold/heat/pain严寒/酷热/剧痛
intensely adv.非常;强烈地
overcome (overcame, overcome) vt.克服; 解决; 战胜;对……产
生极大影响(生义) overcome the enemy/difficul-ties战胜敌人/克服困难
be overcome with grief悲痛欲绝
consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费 energy/electricity/food con-sumption能源/电力/食物消耗
consume vt.消耗;消费;吃,喝;毁灭
generate vt.产生;引起 generate electricity发电
generator n.发电机;发生器
vision n.想象;视力;视野;影像;远见 He lost his sight but found a vision.他失去了视力,但找到了远见。(2020江苏)
reality n.现实;实际情况;事实 in reality事实上; 实际上
real adj.真的;真实的 adv.非常(生义)
a real nice/good person一个非常好的人
nutrition n.营养;滋养 nutritional adj.营养(物)的
nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的
in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流 I post my work on social me-dia and,in turn, have met some of the kindest people.我把我的作品发布在社交媒体上,我相应地遇到了一些最善良的人。(2023新课标Ⅱ)
digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘 digest food消化食物
digest information领会信息
a news digest新闻摘要
for instance 例如;比如 for example
aspect n.方面;层面 from every aspect从各个方面
Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a
life of leisure.考虑到袁隆平(研发)的杂交水稻让他变得相当富有,有人可能认为他会退休去
过悠闲的生活。 (教材P51)
情景导学
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival,the Lantern Festival,I am writing to introduce it to you.鉴于你对中国的传统节日——元宵节非常感兴趣,我写信向你介绍这一节日。 （写作·传统文化 ）
经典结构 情景破
结构 given that...考虑到/鉴于……
用法归纳
given that意为“考虑到/鉴于……”,在句中用作连词,引导从句(注意given后的that不能
省略)。
结构拓展
①given prep.考虑到;鉴于
Given the present conditions, I think she's done rather well.考虑到目前的情况,我认为她已经
做得相当不错了。
②considering (that)...考虑到……;鉴于……
She's very active, considering her age.就她的年龄来说,她是十分活跃的。
Considering (that)he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.鉴于他才刚刚开始,他懂
得的已经不少了。
Sentence 1
长难句 图解
译文 确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万中国农民的身躯
一样。
body
Sentence 2
译文 然而,最让他担忧的是农民经常歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
主语
主语
Sentence 3
译文 据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,
他的(水稻)品种使中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
形式主语
Sentence 4
译文 即使在他的晚年,袁隆平的内心依然年轻并且充满愿景,每个人都很兴奋,想看看接
下来他会想出来什么。
宾语
Sentence 5
译文 因此,要找到一个合适的解决方案,使餐桌上有足够的食物,同时保持人们和环境尽可能健康仍然有很长的路要走。
定语
主语从句
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的作用相当于名词词组,在复合句中
充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。
一、主语从句的引导词
主语从句的引导词有三类,即从属连词(that,whether,if)、连接代词(what,who,whom,whose,
which,whatever,whoever,whichever)和连接副词(when,where,how,why)。
1.从属连词
(1)that引导的主语从句
必备语法 情景破
情景导学
That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着,真是奇迹。
That he said nothing at the meeting made me puzzled.他在会上一言不发使我迷惑不解。
用法归纳
that引导主语从句时无实际词义,且在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用, 但① 省略。
(2)whether/if引导的主语从句
情景导学
Whether we can arrive there on time depends on the traffic.我们能否按时到达那里要由交通状
况决定。
It is uncertain whether/if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.明天他是否去北京还不确定。
不能
用法归纳
whether和if引导主语从句时表示“② ”, 只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当成分。
特别提醒
if不可以引导位于句首的主语从句,若用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置,则可以用if 引导;
whether可与or not直接连用,if不可以。
2.连接代词
(1)what引导的主语从句
情景导学
What color the door will be painted has not been decided yet.门被漆成什么颜色还没有决定。
What the situation will be puzzles me.情况会怎样令我困惑。
What caused the leak remains unanswered.导致泄漏的原因仍未得到解答。
What he said was brief but significant.他的讲话虽然简短但是意义重大。
是否
用法归纳
what引导主语从句时起连接作用,在其引导的从句中充当定语、表语、③ 和
④ , 表示“……的事物”。
(2)who, whom, whose, which引导的主语从句
情景导学
It is still uncertain who will come/which he will choose/whom he went with/whose book it is.还
不确定谁会来/他会选择哪一个/他和谁一起去的/这是谁的书。
宾语
主语
用法归纳
who, whom, whose, which引导主语从句时在从句中充当一定的句子成分,表示一定的词
汇意义,含有疑问意味,一般在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(3)whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句
情景导学
Whoever says that is a liar.=Anyone who says that is a liar.任何说那话的人都是骗子。
Whatever he does from now on has nothing to do with me. =Anything that he does from now on
has nothing to do with me.从现在起他做的任何事都与我无关。
用法归纳
1)引导主语从句时whoever相当于“⑤ +who”或the person/people who, 意为“任
何……的人”。
2)引导主语从句时whatever相当于“anything+that”, 意为“任何……的事”。what与what-
ever有时可互换,二者区别是whatever语气更强烈。
3)whichever用来表示选择,通常前文会提供选择范围。
3.连接副词
情景导学
Why they didn't come remained unclear.他们为什么不来一直不清楚。
When he will arrive doesn't matter.他什么时候到无关紧要。
How it was done is a mystery.这是怎样做的是一个谜。
Where I spend my summer holiday is none of your business.我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
anyone
用法归纳
连接副词引导主语从句时,保留了其疑问词的意思,即why, when, how, where分别意为
“为什么”“什么时候”“怎样”“在哪里”,在从句中作⑥ 。
二、注意事项
情景导学
What he has accomplished is admirable.他的成就令人钦佩。
What we badly need are doctors.我们急需的是医生。
Whoever made this cake is a real artist.制作了这个蛋糕的人是一位真正的艺术大师。
That she was chosen caused a tremendous stir in her village.她被挑选上在她的村子里引起很大
轰动。
状语
用法归纳
1)当主语是从句时,谓语动词通常用⑦ 数;what引导的主语从句有时意义上表示复数,
这时谓语动词用⑧ 数。
2)主语从句的语序必须是⑨ 句语序。
三、使用形式主语 it的情况
情景导学1
It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.明天很可能会有一场暴风雪。
It is no wonder that he has achieved so much.他取得如此大的成就不足为奇。
It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道,在那场事故中没有乘客受
伤。
单
复
陈述
用法归纳1
为避免头重脚轻,可以用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语即主语从句移到后面,构成以下
句式:
1)It+be+形容词+that从句.(It be necessary/clear/true/strange/important/possible/likely/...+that从
句.)
2)It+be+⑩ +that从句.(It+be+a fact/a good idea/a pity/a shame/no wonder/often the case
/...+that从句.)
3)It+be+过去分词+that从句.(It+be+reported/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/suggested/...
+that从句.)
4)It+特殊动词+that从句.(It+doesn't matter/makes no difference/...+that从句.)
名词短语
特别提醒
“It+be+形容词/过去分词+that...”句型中,当形容词是important、necessary、strange等时, 主
语从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略;当过去分词是表示
建议、命令、要求等的词(如advised、suggested、ordered、required、demanded等)时,主语
从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。
情景导学2
It is uncertain when he came back. 说不准他是何时回来的。
It was clear that my father already had a plan.很明显我父亲已经有了计划。
It is not clear what they want us to do. 我们不清楚他们想要我们做什么。
It remained unclear when the market would recover fully.仍不清楚市场何时会完全复苏。
用法归纳2
当主句表示“……是不确定/不清楚的”时,主语从句常用when、why、where、what、
which、who、whose、how等引导词来引导;当主句表示“……是确定无疑的”时,主语从句
常用 来引导。
that
即时巩固讲
单句语法填空
1. (2022浙江)It suddenly became very clear to me lucky I was to be fluent in two
languages.
2.(2021全国甲)It's said history is written by the victors, and those victors set the
standards for admission to the genius club.
3.(2021新高考Ⅰ) is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world
scenes.
4. she could come to help us made us very happy.
5. started as a traditional Chinese treatment has become a major health trend today.
6. is known to us all that the old scientist, for whom life was hard in the past, still
how
that
What
That
What
It
works hard in his eighties.
7. you'll gain knowledge successfully or not depends on how hard you will work.
8. they will come hasn't been made public—probably tomorrow.
Whether
When