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Section Ⅳ “Developing ideas”的课文习读环节
文意整体把握
Ⅰ.理清文脉结构
Ⅱ.把握主旨大意
What's the main idea of the passage？( )
A．Benefits of living close to nature.
B．History about Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau.
C．Both Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau's love for nature.
D．The similarity of Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau.
文意深度理解
(一)阅读理解
1．Why did Tao Yuanming leave the court？( )
A．Because he was too old.
B．Because he felt conflicted over life at court.
C．Because he liked nature so much.
D．Because he liked living in a rural area.
2．How did Thoreau feel about his life in the forest？( )
A．Pleased. B．Puzzled.
C．Disappointed. D．Bored.
3．What is the feature of Tao's works？( )
A．A depressive court life.
B．Frontier style.
C．Jungle scenery.
D．Fields and villages.
4. Why did Thoreau return to nature？( )
A．He wanted to react to the lifestyle he opposed.
B．He had poor quality of life in the city.
C．He wanted to live a simpler life.
D．He was tired of the official life.
5．What does Thoreau's work mainly embody？( )
A．Nature's wilderness is beautiful.
B．We should raise more animals.
C．Man should live in harmony with nature.
D．We should live in the rural area.
6．What should we do if we want to attain personal well being and fulfilment？( )
A．Live closer to nature.
B．Increase material desires.
C．Walk a lot in the forest.
D．Share a respect for nature.
(二)阅读表达
1．What can you learn from Tao's and Thoreau's works about nature
2．If you have the chance, would you choose to live in nature？(Divergent thinking)
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文的语篇类型为论说文，文章介绍、比较了中外田园诗人陶渊明和Henry David Thoreau生活的年代，回归田园生活的社会背景、原因及写作风格等，通过比较、对比和评价的方法分析了二人的异同点，凸显了他们的共同点：对自然的热爱和对田园生活的向往。阅读此类文章的关键在于把握作者是如何运用作比较的写作手法来介绍人物的。
(一)赏用词之妙
1．Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar opposites.
赏析：本句中使用了polar的熟词生义，此处用作形容词，意为“完全相反的；截然对立的”，突出了陶渊明和梭罗这两位诗人所处的时代及社会背景截然不同。
2．Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
赏析：本句中的quietness用词贴切，生动地揭示了陶渊明和梭罗都乐于追求宁静平和、不被世人打扰的生活方式。
3．The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life: ...
赏析：本句中的in contrast to用词巧妙，句中隐含对比意味，很自然地把田园生活与压抑的官场生活进行了比较。
①(完成句子)The parents' position is often the ____________________________________.
父母的观点常与孩子的完全相反。
②(翻译句子)______________， ____________.
和汤姆相比，他是一个令人愉快的人。
(二)赏句式之高
1．For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, focusing on himself and his writing.
赏析：本句中的分词短语focusing on ...作状语，描写了梭罗专心致志，投身写作的情景。
2．While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
赏析：本句中先用并列连词while对陶渊明和梭罗作出对比，然后用定语从句he was opposed to及he lived作出进一步说明。
①Thrilled, Jane quickened pace and sprinted to the helicopter, ____________________________________________.
简兴奋不已，加快了步伐，冲向直升机，知道自己终于获救了。
②It can help you lead a life ________________________________________________.
它可以帮助你过上一种有助于心脏健康的生活。
(三)赏修辞之功
1．In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”．
赏析：本句引用了俗语“不为五斗米折腰”。引用是指在写作中引用现成的话，如诗句、格言、成语、俗语等，以表达自己思想感情的修辞手法。运用引用的修辞手法，可使语言更加生动形象，文章更加通俗易懂，提高读者的阅读兴趣。
2．Beyond the dark and distance lies a village, The smoke above reluctant to depart.
赏析：本句使用了拟人的修辞手法，通过reluctant to depart将村庄上空的炊烟拟作人，生动形象地描述了炊烟袅袅升到村庄上方的情景。
①Love me, love my dog.
________________________________________________________________________
②One swallow does not make a summer.
________________________________________________________________________
③The wind _____________________________________________________.
风站了起来，发出一声喊叫。
Section Ⅳ
NO.1 精阅读
文意整体把握
Ⅰ.①conflicted ②reaction ③peaceful ④beauty ⑤convince ⑥transformations ⑦withdraw ⑧seeking
Ⅱ.C
文意深度理解
(一)1～6 BADCCA
(二)1.Nature is not only beautiful but also essential for our survival and well being. We should protect nature and co exist with nature harmoniously.
2．I would like to relax in nature but I don't think it is a good idea for teenagers to live in a remote area for a long time.
NO.2 美表达
(一)①polar opposite of the child's
②In contrast to Tom; he is a delight
(二)①knowing that she was rescued eventually
②which will contribute to a healthy heart
(三)①爱屋及乌。 ②一燕不成夏。
③stood up and gave a shout(共48张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
“Developing ideas”的课文习读环节
NO 1
精阅读/提升阅读“理解力”
NO 2
美表达/强化写作“基本功”
NO 3
课时跟踪检测
目 录
No.1 精阅读/提升阅读“理解力”
Ⅰ.理清文脉结构
文意整体把握
transformations
Ⅱ.把握主旨大意
What's the main idea of the passage
A．Benefits of living close to nature.
B．History about Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau.
C．Both Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau's love for nature.
D．The similarity of Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau.
√
(一)阅读理解
1．Why did Tao Yuanming leave the court
A．Because he was too old.
B．Because he felt conflicted over life at court.
C．Because he liked nature so much.
D．Because he liked living in a rural area.
文意深度理解
√
2．How did Thoreau feel about his life in the forest
A．Pleased. B．Puzzled.
C．Disappointed. D.Bored.
3．What is the feature of Tao's works
A．A depressive court life.
B．Frontier style.
C．Jungle scenery.
D．Fields and villages.
√
√
4. Why did Thoreau return to nature
A．He wanted to react to the lifestyle he opposed.
B．He had poor quality of life in the city.
C．He wanted to live a simpler life.
D．He was tired of the official life.
√
5．What does Thoreau's work mainly embody
A．Nature's wilderness is beautiful.
B．We should raise more animals.
C．Man should live in harmony with nature.
D．We should live in the rural area.
√
6．What should we do if we want to attain personal well-being and fulfilment
A．Live closer to nature.
B．Increase material desires.
C．Walk a lot in the forest.
D．Share a respect for nature.
√
(二)阅读表达
1．What can you learn from Tao's and Thoreau's works about nature
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nature is not only beautiful but also essential for our survival and well-being. We should protect nature and co-exist with nature harmoniously.
2．If you have the chance, would you choose to live in nature？(Divergent thinking)
I would like to relax in nature but I don't think it is a good idea for teenagers to live in a remote area for a long time.
本文的语篇类型为论说文，文章介绍、比较了中外田园诗人陶渊明和Henry David Thoreau生活的年代，回归田园生活的社会背景、原因及写作风格等，通过比较、对比和评价的方法分析了二人的异同点，凸显了他们的共同点：对自然的热爱和对田园生活的向往。阅读此类文章的关键在于把握作者是如何运用作比较的写作手法来介绍人物的。
阅读技能提升
No.2 美表达/强化写作“基本功”
(一)赏用词之妙
1．Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar opposites.
赏析：本句中使用了polar的熟词生义，此处用作形容词，意为“完全相反的；截然对立的”，突出了陶渊明和梭罗这两位诗人所处的时代及社会背景截然不同。
2．Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
赏析：本句中的quietness用词贴切，生动地揭示了陶渊明和梭罗都乐于追求宁静平和、不被世人打扰的生活方式。
3．The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life: ...
赏析：本句中的in contrast to用词巧妙，句中隐含对比意味，很自然地把田园生活与压抑的官场生活进行了比较。
①(完成句子)The parents' position is often the_________________
________.
父母的观点常与孩子的完全相反。
②(翻译句子)_________________ , _____________.
和汤姆相比，他是一个令人愉快的人。
polar opposite of the
child's
In contrast to Tom he is a delight
仿写训练
(二)赏句式之高
1．For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, focusing on himself and his writing.
赏析：本句中的分词短语focusing on ...作状语，描写了梭罗专心致志，投身写作的情景。
2．While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
赏析：本句中先用并列连词while对陶渊明和梭罗作出对比，然后用定语从句he was opposed to及he lived作出进一步说明。
[仿写训练|完成句子]
①Thrilled, Jane quickened pace and sprinted to the helicopter,_____________________________________.
简兴奋不已，加快了步伐，冲向直升机，知道自己终于获救了。
②It can help you lead a lifestyle____________________________
__________.
它可以帮助你过上一种有助于心脏健康的生活方式。
knowing that she was rescued eventually
which will contribute to a healthy
heart
(三)赏修辞之功
1．In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”．
赏析：本句引用了俗语“不为五斗米折腰”。引用是指在写作中引用现成的话，如诗句、格言、成语、俗语等，以表达自己思想感情的修辞手法。运用引用的修辞手法，可使语言更加生动形象，文章更加通俗易懂，提高读者的阅读兴趣。
2．Beyond the dark and distance lies a village, The smoke above reluctant to depart.
赏析：本句使用了拟人的修辞手法，通过reluctant to depart将村庄上空的炊烟拟作人，生动形象地描述了炊烟袅袅升起到村庄上方的情景。
[仿写训练|翻译句子/完成句子]
①Love me, love my dog.
_______________
②One swallow does not make a summer.
_______________
③The wind_________________________.
风站了起来，发出一声喊叫。
爱屋及乌。
一燕不成夏。
stood up and gave a shout
仿写训练/翻译句子/完成句子
No.3 课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The flight of butterflies has so far been somewhat of a secret to researchers, given their unusually large and broad wings relative to their body size. Now researchers at Lund University in Sweden have studied the aerodynamics (空气动力) of butterflies in the wind tunnel (风洞). The results suggest that butterflies use a highly helpful clap technique, therefore making use of their unique wings. This helps them rapidly take off when escaping natural enemies.
The researchers studied the wingbeats of freely flying butterflies during takeoff in the wind tunnel. During the upward process, the wings cup, creating an air-filled pocket between them. When the wings strike each other, the air is forced out, resulting in a backward strong stream of air that pushes the butterflies forward. The downward wingbeat has another function: the butterflies stay in the air and do not fall to the ground.
The wings' striking was described by researchers almost 50 years ago, but it is only in this study that the theory has been tested on real butterflies in free flight. Until now, it has been generally believed that butterfly wings are aerodynamically inefficient. However, the researchers suggest that the opposite is actually true.
“That the wings are cupped when butterflies clap them together makes the wing clap much more effective. It is an elegant mechanism that is far more advanced than we imagined, and it is fascinating，” says biology researcher Per Henningsson, who studied the butterflies' aerodynamics. “The results of the study could help inspire improved performance and flight technology in small unmanned aircraft，” he continues.
In addition to studying the butterflies, the researchers designed mechanical wings that are modeled on real ones.The shape and flexibility of the mechanical wings as they are cupped and folded confirm the efficiency. Their measurements show that the pushing force created by the flexible wings is 22 percent higher and the efficiency 28 percent better compared to if the wings had been rigid.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过研究蝴蝶拍翅来说明飞行的秘密。
1．What does the researchers' study focus on
A．The butterfly's body size.
B．The butterfly's flying principle.
C．The butterfly's escape technique.
D．The butterfly's frequency of wingbeats.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，研究人员的研究重点是蝴蝶的飞行原理。
√
2．For what purpose do butterfly wings strike
A．To empty the air pocket for forward force.
B．To release their additional energy.
C．To circle steadily in the air.
D．To form an air pocket.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“When the wings strike each other, the air is forced out, resulting in a backward strong stream of air that pushes the butterflies forward.”可知，蝴蝶翅膀相互撞击的目的是排出空气，进而产生一股强大的向后气流，推动自身前进。
√
3．Why were the mechanical wings made
A．They might draw public attention.
B．They could be used to test the findings.
C．They'd show results in line with popular belief.
D．They helped avoid experimenting on live butterflies.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Their measurements show that the pushing force created by the flexible wings is 22 percent higher and the efficiency 28 percent better compared to if the wings had been rigid.”可推断，制造机械机翼可以用来测试这些发现。
√
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．New Discoveries Are Made Based on Aerodynamics
B．Flexible Wings Boost Plane-making Industry
C．Butterfly Wing Clap Explains Secret of Flight
D．Butterfly Adapts Itself to the Wild Survival
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“The flight of butterflies has so far been somewhat of a secret to researchers, given their unusually large and broad wings relative to their body size.”及全文可知，本文主要是通过研究蝴蝶拍翅的行为来说明飞行的秘密。
√
B
There are many fascinating aspects of ant life，but none may be a more practical lesson for us than their gift for avoiding traffic jams.
A new research paper published in the journal eLife reveals how ants keep traffic flowing by changing their behavior to meet changing conditions.For their experiments，researchers from the University of Toulouse and the University of Arizona focused on Argentine ants that frequently move from one colony(聚居地) to another depending on the proximity of food sources.
To explore the Argentine ants' gift for fast commutes，the researchers built bridges connecting their colonies.The bridges varied in width from a fifth to three-quarters of an inch.The colonies, too，were of different sizes，ranging from 400 to more than 2,500 ants.Essentially, researchers built a new infrastructure system for the ants，connecting their biggest cities to the smallest villages.Then they sat back and monitored the traffic.
To their surprise，even when those narrower bridges reached near capacity，there were no 20-ant pile-ups.Indeed，there was never a hold-up.Traffic remained steady regardless of how overburdened the infrastructure was because ants were able to adjust to the change of road conditions.At some point，when the bridges got really busy, ants moved not so much as individuals but rather like water flowing in an ever widening stream.
“When density on the trail increased，ants seemed to be able to assess crowding locally and adjusted their speed accordingly to avoid any interruption of traffic flow，” the authors note in a news release.“Moreover, ants kept themselves from entering a crowded path and ensured that the capacity of the bridge was never exceeded.”Argentine ants are extremely effective in getting to where they need to be in a hurry.
The lesson for humans The traffic problem may lie in our inability to adjust our driving habits for the good of the whole.“Traffic jams are everywhere in human society where individuals are pursuing their own personal objectives，” the authors write.“In contrast，ants share a common goal：the survival of the colony，thus they are expected to act cooperatively to optimize (优化) food return.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蚂蚁避免交通堵塞的天赋值得人类学习。
5．How do the ants keep traffic flowing
A．By adjusting to the road conditions.
B．By monitoring the traffic flow.
C．By communicating with each other.
D．By building their own paths.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句及第四段第三句可知，蚂蚁是通过改变行为以适应不断变化的路面状况来保持交通流畅的。
√
6．What did ants do when the bridges got very crowded
A．They scrambled to pass automatically.
B．They stayed where they were.
C．They changed their speed accordingly.
D．They moved on individually in a hurry.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，当路面变得拥挤时，蚂蚁通过调整速度来避免交通中断。
√
7．What does the author expect humans to do in the last paragraph
A．To raise traffic safety awareness.
B．To find solutions to present problems.
C．To give up individuals' ambitions.
D．To act for the good of the whole society.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是第二句可推知，作者希望人类向蚂蚁学习，把全社会的利益作为一个共同的目标。
√
8．What is the best title for the text
A．Argentine Ants Move on the Roads
B．Explore Interesting Ants' Gifts
C．Watch Ants Cross the Roads
D．Ants Teach Us How to Avoid Traffic Jams
解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了蚂蚁避免交通堵塞的天赋值得人类学习和思索。选项D “蚂蚁教我们如何避免交通堵塞”可概括本文大意，适合作为本文标题。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Leonardo da Vinci and Nature
In the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in Leonardo's time they were closely connected.Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 9 Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky.An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body.He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. 10
Mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. 11 More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that without them nothing can be done.
“Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy.” wrote Leonardo.In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature.In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details.Actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. 12 His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures.He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature.
13 His quick little sketches, often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape.More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and ruler.In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for 12 million dollars.It was the most expensive drawing in the world.
A．Leonardo was always drawing.
B．How could these be connected with art
C．Leonardo was also an influential philosopher.
D．Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown.
E．Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.
F．Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.
G．You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对达·芬奇结合自然进行艺术创作这一事件的描述，说明了数学、音乐与艺术的关系，以及自然与艺术的关系。
9．选B 根据上文可知，在达·芬奇生活的时代，科学与艺术紧密相连。科学意味着数学和医学研究，而下文也提到了数学和艺术之间的联系，故此处应是问数学及医学研究是如何与艺术紧密联系在一起的。故选B。
10．选G 根据空格前的“place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting”可知，此处应有一幅画和位置的描述。故选G。
11．选F 本段描述的是与音乐有关的话题以及数学与音乐的关系。因此可以推断出，达·芬奇也应该熟悉并精通音乐。故选F。
12．选E 空格前提到了达·芬奇想要做的事情，空格后是做这些事情的目的，此处也应该是他想要做的事情。故选E。
13．选A 根据空格后“often done while wandering outside”可知，达·芬奇总是画画。故选A。1 / 5
UNIT 5 课时检测(四) “Developing ideas”的课文习读环节
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The flight of butterflies has so far been somewhat of a secret to researchers, given their unusually large and broad wings relative to their body size. Now researchers at Lund University in Sweden have studied the aerodynamics (空气动力) of butterflies in the wind tunnel (风洞). The results suggest that butterflies use a highly helpful clap technique, therefore making use of their unique wings. This helps them rapidly take off when escaping natural enemies.
The researchers studied the wingbeats of freely flying butterflies during takeoff in the wind tunnel. During the upward process, the wings cup, creating an air filled pocket between them. When the wings strike each other, the air is forced out, resulting in a backward strong stream of air that pushes the butterflies forward. The downward wingbeat has another function: the butterflies stay in the air and do not fall to the ground.
The wings' striking was described by researchers almost 50 years ago, but it is only in this study that the theory has been tested on real butterflies in free flight. Until now, it has been generally believed that butterfly wings are aerodynamically inefficient. However, the researchers suggest that the opposite is actually true.
“That the wings are cupped when butterflies clap them together makes the wing clap much more effective. It is an elegant mechanism that is far more advanced than we imagined, and it is fascinating，” says biology researcher Per Henningsson, who studied the butterflies' aerodynamics. “The results of the study could help inspire improved performance and flight technology in small unmanned aircraft，” he continues.
In addition to studying the butterflies, the researchers designed mechanical wings that are modeled on real ones.The shape and flexibility of the mechanical wings as they are cupped and folded confirm the efficiency. Their measurements show that the pushing force created by the flexible wings is 22 percent higher and the efficiency 28 percent better compared to if the wings had been rigid.
1．What does the researchers' study focus on
A．The butterfly's body size.
B．The butterfly's flying principle.
C．The butterfly's escape technique.
D．The butterfly's frequency of wingbeats.
2．For what purpose do butterfly wings strike
A．To empty the air pocket for forward force.
B．To release their additional energy.
C．To circle steadily in the air.
D．To form an air pocket.
3．Why were the mechanical wings made
A．They might draw public attention.
B．They could be used to test the findings.
C．They'd show results in line with popular belief.
D．They helped avoid experimenting on live butterflies.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．New Discoveries Are Made Based on Aerodynamics
B．Flexible Wings Boost Plane making Industry
C．Butterfly Wing Clap Explains Secret of Flight
D．Butterfly Adapts Itself to the Wild Survival
B
There are many fascinating aspects of ant life，but none may be a more practical lesson for us than their gift for avoiding traffic jams.
A new research paper published in the journal eLife reveals how ants keep traffic flowing by changing their behavior to meet changing conditions.For their experiments，researchers from the University of Toulouse and the University of Arizona focused on Argentine ants that frequently move from one colony(聚居地) to another depending on the proximity of food sources.
To explore the Argentine ants' gift for fast commutes，the researchers built bridges connecting their colonies.The bridges varied in width from a fifth to three quarters of an inch.The colonies, too，were of different sizes，ranging from 400 to more than 2,500 ants.Essentially, researchers built a new infrastructure system for the ants，connecting their biggest cities to the smallest villages.Then they sat back and monitored the traffic.
To their surprise，even when those narrower bridges reached near capacity，there were no 20 ant pile ups.Indeed，there was never a hold up.Traffic remained steady regardless of how overburdened the infrastructure was because ants were able to adjust to the change of road conditions.At some point，when the bridges got really busy, ants moved not so much as individuals but rather like water flowing in an ever widening stream.
“When density on the trail increased，ants seemed to be able to assess crowding locally and adjusted their speed accordingly to avoid any interruption of traffic flow，” the authors note in a news release.“Moreover, ants kept themselves from entering a crowded path and ensured that the capacity of the bridge was never exceeded.”Argentine ants are extremely effective in getting to where they need to be in a hurry.
The lesson for humans The traffic problem may lie in our inability to adjust our driving habits for the good of the whole.“Traffic jams are everywhere in human society where individuals are pursuing their own personal objectives，” the authors write.“In contrast，ants share a common goal：the survival of the colony，thus they are expected to act cooperatively to optimize (优化) food return.”
5．How do the ants keep traffic flowing
A．By adjusting to the road conditions.
B．By monitoring the traffic flow.
C．By communicating with each other.
D．By building their own paths.
6．What did ants do when the bridges got very crowded
A．They scrambled to pass automatically.
B．They stayed where they were.
C．They changed their speed accordingly.
D．They moved on individually in a hurry.
7．What does the author expect humans to do in the last paragraph
A．To raise traffic safety awareness.
B．To find solutions to present problems.
C．To give up individuals' ambitions.
D．To act for the good of the whole society.
8．What is the best title for the text
A．Argentine Ants Move on the Roads
B．Explore Interesting Ants' Gifts
C．Watch Ants Cross the Roads
D．Ants Teach Us How to Avoid Traffic Jams
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Leonardo da Vinci and Nature
In the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in Leonardo's time they were closely connected.Science meant mathematics and medical studies.__9__ Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky.An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body.He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct.__10__
Mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers.__11__ More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that without them nothing can be done.
“Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy.” wrote Leonardo.In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature.In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details.Actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas.__12__ His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures.He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature.
__13__ His quick little sketches, often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape.More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and ruler.In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for 12 million dollars.It was the most expensive drawing in the world.
A．Leonardo was always drawing.
B．How could these be connected with art
C．Leonardo was also an influential philosopher.
D．Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown.
E．Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.
F．Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.
G．You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.
UNIT 5 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过研究蝴蝶拍翅来说明飞行的秘密。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，研究人员的研究重点是蝴蝶的飞行原理。
2．选A 细节理解题。根据第二段“When the wings strike each other, the air is forced out, resulting in a backward strong stream of air that pushes the butterflies forward.”可知，蝴蝶翅膀相互撞击的目的是排出空气，进而产生一股强大的向后气流，推动自身前进。
3．选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Their measurements show that the pushing force created by the flexible wings is 22 percent higher and the efficiency 28 percent better compared to if the wings had been rigid.”可推断，制造机械机翼可以用来测试这些发现。
4．选C 标题归纳题。根据第一段“The flight of butterflies has so far been somewhat of a secret to researchers, given their unusually large and broad wings relative to their body size.”及全文可知，本文主要是通过研究蝴蝶拍翅的行为来说明飞行的秘密。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蚂蚁避免交通堵塞的天赋值得人类学习。
5．选A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句及第四段第三句可知，蚂蚁是通过改变行为以适应不断变化的路面状况来保持交通流畅的。
6．选C 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，当路面变得拥挤时，蚂蚁通过调整速度来避免交通中断。
7．选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是第二句可推知，作者希望人类向蚂蚁学习，把全社会的利益作为一个共同的目标。
8．选D 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了蚂蚁避免交通堵塞的天赋值得人类学习和思索。选项D “蚂蚁教我们如何避免交通堵塞”可概括本文大意，适合作为本文标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对达·芬奇结合自然进行艺术创作这一事件的描述，说明了数学、音乐与艺术的关系，以及自然与艺术的关系。
9．选B 根据上文可知，在达·芬奇生活的时代，科学与艺术紧密相连。科学意味着数学和医学研究，而下文也提到了数学和艺术之间的联系，故此处应是问数学及医学研究是如何与艺术紧密联系在一起的。故选B。
10．选G 根据空格前的“place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting”可知，此处应有一幅画和位置的描述。故选G。
11．选F 本段描述的是与音乐有关的话题以及数学与音乐的关系。因此可以推断出，达·芬奇也应该熟悉并精通音乐。故选F。
12．选E 空格前提到了达·芬奇想要做的事情，空格后是做这些事情的目的，此处也应该是他想要做的事情。故选E。
13．选A 根据空格后“often done while wandering outside”可知，达·芬奇总是画画。故选A。
